CN101616077B - Fast transmission method of internet larger file - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of network communication, in particular to a fast transmission method of an internet larger file. In the invention, a server is connected with a client by TCP protocol, the transmission of the larger data file is carried out by UDP protocol, during transmission, network flow and congestion control mechanism are adopted to self-adaptively adjust the magnitude of data blocks and the transmission intervals among the data blocks so as to realize the maximization of throughput during transmission, and finally lost packet re-transmission mechanism is adopted to re-transmit the data packets lost during transmission. The invention has the characteristics of reliability of flexible use of TCP protocol and fastness of UDP protocol, and obvious enhancement of transmission speed of the large file in case of limit bandwidth.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to network communications technology field, relate in particular to the rapid transmission method of the big file in a kind of the Internet.
Background technology
Fast development along with the Internet, it is increasing that demand was shared in the transmission of multi-medium data during current network was used, various file datas must realize fast that network is shared, and the common data volume of multi-medium data is big, especially along with user's improving constantly to the video definition requirement, the video file data volume sharply increases, and makes that the demand that effectively realizes big file transfer services is more urgent.
Transfer of data in traditional internet document transmission service has various ways in application layer, as FTP, HTTP etc., but generally use Transmission Control Protocol in transport layer, and Transmission Control Protocol is a kind of reliable connection, in order to guarantee that the cost that zero packet loss is paid is the decline of efficiency of transmission; Because network congestion and flow control are not optimized, the load that retransmits that caused the packet loss postemphasis has not only aggravated network congestion and has also reduced transmission speed; Based on the transfer of data of TCP, can bring sizable overhead to terminal.
Although exist some technology that traditional FTP service is improved at present, some concentrates on the application layer aspect, for example You Hao user interface, increase bookmark, command history and catalogue download etc.; Some improvement is aspect transmission performance, and for example the Web100 project mainly is optimized the performance of TCP, has all increased the performance diagnogtics function in transmission ends and receiving terminal, can adjust in any moment of Network Transmission; And the main purpose of Grid FTP project is for realizing efficient, safe and reliable Data Transport Protocol on the wide area network of high bandwidth, is a subclass of existing FTP standard, has added the improvement on the details such as TCP buffering area and TCP window.
Yet for a large amount of multi-medium data that increases fast in the Internet, how under the certain situation of bandwidth, utilizing finite bandwidth to improve big file transfer reasonably, effectively, to greatest extent, to share speed be one of current problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The rapid transmission method that the purpose of this invention is to provide the big file in a kind of the Internet under existing band-limited internetwork environment, makes full use of the resource of network, server and client, and large file is shared in transmission fast.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The rapid transmission method of the big file in the Internet may further comprise the steps:
1. after server began service is provided, client use Transmission Control Protocol carried out network with server and is connected, and client is with the initial parameter announcement server of user's setting simultaneously;
2. the round-trip delay RTT between computing client end and the server, the detection network situation, server is adjusted data block size and data block time-delay according to round-trip delay RTT, and notifies client;
3. after server is determined the relevant initial setting up of file transfer according to network condition and parameter preset, set up UDP and connect, Random assignment udp port, and notice client, client is set up UDP immediately and is connected, and sets up data transmission channel with server;
4. in the data transmission procedure, adopt adaptive network traffics and congestion control mechanism, guarantee data block size adaptation and data block time-delayed adaptive, realize throughput-maximized in the transmission course;
5. in the data transmission procedure, adopt the packet loss retransmission mechanism that the packet lost in the transmission course and the packet of crc error are retransmitted, received up to client till the entire packet of file data to be transmitted.
Step 1. described in initial parameter comprise Alpha, analysis window size, primary data block size, the whether adjustment of data block self adaptation, packet size and whether specify receiving port.
Step 4. in server at the transfer of data initial stage, for fear of network congestion, take the slow Starting mode of TCP, and be provided with and start thresholding slowly.
Step 4. described in the data block size adaptation, adopt exponential increasing/mode of successively decreasing or the linear increment/mode of successively decreasing, described data block time-delayed adaptive relies on the Data Receiving success rate, and described data block size adaptation and described data block time-delayed adaptive adopt the applied in any combination mode.
Step 5. described in the packet loss retransmission mechanism be after the All Files data send one time, again the data of losing to be carried out the packet loss re-transmission.
The present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
1) the apply in a flexible way reliability of Transmission Control Protocol and the rapidity of udp protocol;
2) can increase substantially the transmission speed of big file under the finite bandwidth environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the transmission course schematic diagram of the rapid transmission method of the big file in the Internet provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a data analysis window schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a data block size adaptation method of adjustment flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that packet loss of the present invention retransmits schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that retransmission data packet may of the present invention re-assemblies schematic diagram.
Wherein,
11-server end file system, 12-server, 13-client, 14-user, 15-client file system, 16-TCP connect, 17-UDP connects; 21-block size, 22-packet, the time-delay of 23-data block; 41-lost data packets sequence number.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with specific embodiment below:
The following technical scheme of the concrete employing of the rapid transmission method of the big file in the Internet provided by the invention at first is described in detail working mechanism of the present invention below in conjunction with Fig. 1.
Server end file system 11 is the file system of server 12 ends, server end file system 15 is the file system of client 13 ends, client 13 provides user interface with convenient and user interactions, server 12 and client 13 are set up TCP and are connected 16 by sending specific control command, further set up UDP and connect in data transmission procedure.
Different in the present invention and the traditional FTP working mechanism, be that FTP uses Transmission Control Protocol to transmit on control command and two ports of transfer of data, and in this method, control command is used the Transmission Control Protocol transmission, a large amount of file datas uses the udp protocol transmission, thereby increased substantially transmission speed, reduced huge network and system resource overhead because of using Transmission Control Protocol transmission heap file data to produce in the conventional method.
The rapid transmission method of the big file in the Internet provided by the invention goes for multiple network such as Internet/LAN/WAN/WLAN; During concrete enforcement, only need network to follow ICP/IP protocol, can use TCP and UDP to transmit and receive data, need not the obstacle of worrying that heterogeneous network causes.
The rapid transmission method of the big file in the Internet provided by the invention, specifically adopt following steps:
1. after server began service is provided, client use Transmission Control Protocol carried out network with server and is connected, and client is with the initial parameter announcement server of user's setting simultaneously;
User end to server request shared directory path and this directory information are comprising All Files name and file size.Server is received request reprocessing request, and corresponding information is sent to client;
Client adopts Transmission Control Protocol with being connected of server, before the transfer files data, the initial parameter announcement server that client is provided with the user, these initial parameters comprise Alpha, analysis window size, primary data block size, the whether adjustment of data block self adaptation, packet size and whether specify receiving port etc.
Below above-mentioned some notions that relate to are briefly introduced: so-called Alpha value is a user preset Data Receiving rate; So-called analysis window (analysis window) is meant the one piece of data of the length-specific that client receives, analyze these data and can draw the various parameter values that characterize current transmission situation, as packet acceptance rate, data block size, data block time-delay and packet size etc.; So-called data block size (block size) is meant packet (packet) quantity that once sends; So-called bag size (packet size) is meant the byte number of each transmission, is no more than the size of MTU, in case after determining, no longer change in the transmission course.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, can make following value: the Alpha value can be made as 0.96, analysis window can be made as 200, the primary data block size can be made as 8, the big I of bag is made as 1472, can specifies receiving port is 4096, and data block size and data block time-delay are adjusted in transmission course automatically to adapt to the network condition variation.
2. the round-trip delay RTT between computing client end and the server, the detection network situation, server is adjusted data block size and data block time-delay according to round-trip delay RTT, and notifies client;
So-called round-trip delay RTT is meant that client picks up counting when sending calculating RTT order, up to receiving that server produces the response to this order immediately.Therefore, can understand roughly network condition between server and the client according to RTT.
3. after server is determined the relevant initial setting up of file transfer according to network condition and parameter preset, set up UDP and connect, Random assignment udp port, and notice client, client is set up UDP immediately and is connected, and sets up data transmission channel with server;
Server and client use udp protocol to carry out transfer of data, give full play to the quick transmission advantage of UDP, if there is the situation of data-bag lost, client is issued server with the numbering of lost data packets in the transmission course, but server does not retransmit it immediately.
4. in the data transmission procedure, adopt adaptive network traffics and congestion control mechanism, guarantee data block size adaptation and data block time-delayed adaptive, realize throughput-maximized in the transmission course;
Server is at the transfer of data initial stage, for fear of network congestion, taked the similarly slow Starting mode of TCP, and is provided with and starts thresholding slowly.Because client has been preset the analysis window size, in analysis window, can draw the time length and the packet acceptance rate of data block size, data block time-delay, and the parameter that these analyses are drawn feeds back to server, server is adjusted transmission speed and transmission at interval accordingly according to congested control and flow control mechanism, guarantees to obtain maximum throughput.
Data block size adaptation strategy can adopt exponential increasing/mode of successively decreasing or the linear increment/mode of successively decreasing, and the data block time-delayed adaptive relies on the Data Receiving success rate; These two kinds strategies of data block size adaptation and described data block time-delayed adaptive adopt the applied in any combination mode.
Figure 2 shows that data analysis window schematic diagram, when analysis window is 200, after client is whenever received 200 packets, just this one piece of data is analyzed, in analysis window, can draw times 23 length and packet 22 acceptance rates of block size 21 sizes, data block time-delay, and the parameter that these analyses are drawn feeds back to server, and server to transmission speed with send at interval and adjust accordingly, guarantees to obtain maximum throughput according to congested control of the present invention and flow control methods.
Figure 3 shows that data block size adaptation method of adjustment flow chart, wherein oldRate is last packet acceptance rate; NewRate is the current data packet acceptance rate; Ssthresh is for starting thresholding slowly, and the desirable slow enabling gate of one embodiment of the present of invention is limited to 2048.Data block size adaptation method of adjustment is described below:
If packet receptance (newRate) is greater than user preset Data Receiving rate Alpha, and data block size (blocksize) is starting under the thresholding (ssthresh) slowly, and current data packet receptance (newRate) is greater than last packet receptance (oldRate), and then the data block size increases (increase exponentially) according to formula 1 index.
Blocksize
i=φ
i* blocksize
0, i=1,2 ... (formula 1)
Wherein, φ=2.
Slowly start thresholding if the data block size is lower than, but the current data packet receptance reduce under the last packet receptance, then the data block size is according to linear reduce (the decrease linearly) of formula 2.
Blocksize
i=blocksize
0-λ i, i=1,2 ... (formula 2)
Wherein, λ=1.
Slowly start thresholding if the data block size is higher than, the current data packet receptance is higher than last packet receptance simultaneously, and then the data block size is according to formula 3 linear increase (increase linearly).
Blocksize
i=blocksize
0+ λ i, i=1,2 ... (formula 3)
Wherein, λ=1.
Otherwise start thresholding slowly but the current data packet receptance is lower than last packet receptance when the data block size is higher than, then the data block size is according to formula 2 linear minimizings;
Under other situations, the data block size reduces (decrease exponentially) according to formula 4 indexes.
Blocksize
i=φ
-1* blocksize
0, i=1,2 ... (formula 4)
φ=2 wherein.
Data block time-delayed adaptive method of adjustment is suc as formula 5, shown in the formula 6:
For example, get, send 110 packets, receive 100 packets, the Delay of data block time-delay next time by formula 5
I+1Be last time time-delay Delay
i1.1 * α doubly, wherein α carries out constantly level and smooth the adjustment by formula 6, β is the constant between 0～1, for example, establishing β is 0.7 o'clock, α will be reduced to last 0.94 times.
In some cases, data block size adaptation pattern and data block time-delayed adaptive pattern can be switched mutually.For example, if current be data block size adaptation pattern, and data block is little of can't further reducing, data block size adaptation pattern will automatically switch to data block time-delayed adaptive pattern.
5. in the data transmission procedure, adopt the packet loss retransmission mechanism that the packet lost in the transmission course and the packet of crc error are retransmitted, received up to client till the entire packet of file data to be transmitted;
The packet loss retransmission mechanism is the bag that file data waiting for transmission is divided into the packet size according to udp protocol, each wraps all number consecutivelies, for the first time these bags are sent one time successively, client is in receiving course, the number record of the packet of packet of losing in the transmission course and crc error is got off, require server that these bags of losing are resend.So circulation has received the entire packet of file data to be transmitted up to client,
Figure 4 shows that packet loss retransmits schematic diagram, when the client terminal to discover packet loss, do not need to require immediately server to resend this packet, but the sequence number 41 of lost data packets is noted, after server sent one time successively with all packets, client required sequence number 41 announcement servers of lost data packets to retransmit, so circulation, re-assembly shown in the schematic diagram as Fig. 5 retransmission data packet may, after client is received all packets, again each data is re-fitted to the corresponding position of file.
Claims (2)
1. the rapid transmission method of the big file in the Internet is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1. after server began service is provided, client use Transmission Control Protocol carried out network with server and is connected, and client is with the initial parameter announcement server of user's setting simultaneously;
2. the round-trip delay RTT between computing client end and the server, the detection network situation, server is adjusted data block size and data block time-delay according to round-trip delay RTT, and notifies client;
3. after server is determined the relevant initial setting up of file transfer according to network condition and parameter preset, set up UDP and connect, Random assignment udp port, and notice client, client is set up UDP immediately and is connected, and sets up data transmission channel with server;
4. in the data transmission procedure, adopt adaptive network traffics and congestion control mechanism, guarantee data block size adaptation and data block time-delayed adaptive, realize throughput-maximized in the transmission course;
5. in the data transmission procedure, adopt the packet loss retransmission mechanism that the packet lost in the transmission course and the packet of crc error are retransmitted, received up to client till the entire packet of file data to be transmitted;
Step 1. described in initial parameter comprise Alpha, analysis window size, primary data block size, the whether adjustment of data block self adaptation, packet size and whether specify receiving port; Described Alpha value is a user preset Data Receiving rate; Described analysis window is meant the one piece of data of the length-specific that client receives, and analyzes these data to draw the various parameter values that characterize current transmission situation;
Step 4. in server at the transfer of data initial stage, for fear of network congestion, take the slow Starting mode of TCP, and be provided with and start thresholding slowly;
If packet acceptance rate newRate is greater than user preset Data Receiving rate Alpha, and data block size block size is starting under the thresholding ssthresh slowly, and current data packet acceptance rate newRate is greater than last packet acceptance rate oldRate, then the data block size increases according to formula 1 index
Blocksize
i=φ
i* blocksize
0, i=1,2 ... formula 1
Wherein, φ=2;
Slowly start thresholding if the data block size is lower than, but the current data packet acceptance rate reduce under the last packet acceptance rate, then the data block size reduces according to formula 2 is linear,
Blocksize
i=blocksize
0-λ i, i=1,2 ... formula 2
Wherein, λ=1;
Slowly start thresholding if the data block size is higher than, the current data packet acceptance rate is higher than last packet acceptance rate simultaneously, and then the data block size increases according to formula 3 linearities,
Blocksize
i=blocksize
0+ λ i, i=1,2 ... formula 3
Wherein, λ=1;
Otherwise start thresholding slowly but the current data packet acceptance rate is lower than last packet acceptance rate when the data block size is higher than, then the data block size is according to formula 2 linear minimizings;
Under other situations, the data block size reduces according to formula 4 indexes,
Blocksize
i=φ
-i* blocksize
0, i=1,2 ... formula 4
φ=2 wherein.
2. the rapid transmission method of the big file in the Internet according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Step 5. described in the packet loss retransmission mechanism be after the All Files data send one time, again the data of losing to be carried out the packet loss re-transmission.
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