CN101613613B - Efficient heat energy utilization method used during fast thermal cracking of straw - Google Patents
Efficient heat energy utilization method used during fast thermal cracking of straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN101613613B CN101613613B CN2009101582193A CN200910158219A CN101613613B CN 101613613 B CN101613613 B CN 101613613B CN 2009101582193 A CN2009101582193 A CN 2009101582193A CN 200910158219 A CN200910158219 A CN 200910158219A CN 101613613 B CN101613613 B CN 101613613B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an efficient heat energy utilization method used during fast thermal cracking of straw. The method comprises the following steps: drying; hoisting; thermal cracking; gas-solid separation; rectifying and washing; rectifying, washing and condensation of discharged gas; carbon powder cooling after gas-solid separation; separation of the cooled carbon powder; pumping out cooled heavy oil after rectifying and washing with one part of the heavy oil used for producing straw heavy oil and the other part returned to the step of rectifying and washing; carrying out oil-water separation of condensed oil gas water with the low-boiling point light oil collected for output and the other part returned to the step of rectifying and washing; carrying out heat exchange between flue gas discharged from a cracking furnace and cold air in an air preheater and feeding the cold air in the cracking furnace after heating; and cooling down the flue gas discharged from the air preheater to a temperature below 150 DEG C and then feeding the flue gas in the drying step (1), the hoisting step (2), and the like. The efficient heat energy utilization method can efficiently and comprehensively increase heat energy utilization rate during thermal cracking to reduce production cost and increase the yield and quality of carbon, condensable gas and combustible gas or biomass fuel; therefore, the method can be widely applied to straw fast thermal cracking production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the straw thermal cracking technical field, the efficient heat energy that more particularly relates to used during fast thermal cracking of straw utilizes the design of method, innovation.
Background technology
Biomass through pyrolysis is meant the thermal destruction of biomass under complete anoxic or limited oxygen supply condition, finally generates the process of charcoal, condensable gases (bio-fuel-oil) and inflammable gas (not condensable).Biomass through pyrolysis is complicated thermochemical reaction process, comprises reactions such as molecular scission, isomerizing and small molecules polymerization.Three kinds of main constituents of biomass are usually carried out thermolysis by hypothesis independently, and semicellulose is mainly 225～350 ℃ of decomposition; Mierocrystalline cellulose is mainly 325～375 ℃ of decomposition; Xylogen is 250～500 ℃ of decomposition.Semicellulose and Mierocrystalline cellulose mainly produce volatile matter, and xylogen mainly resolves into charcoal.
Thermal cracking processes successively carries out from outside to inside, and composition was cracked into charcoal and volatile matter rapidly when biological particles was heated.One time scission reaction generates biomass charcoal, a bio-oil and a non-condensable gases.The inner also further cracking of volatile matter of biological particles forms not condensable gases and secondary bio-oil in the porous crack, is called the second pyrolysis reaction.Biomass pyrolysis process finally forms bio-oil, non-condensable gases and charcoal.In order to obtain the bio-oil of high yield, need remove the gaseous product that a pyrolysis produces fast, to suppress the generation of second pyrolysis reaction.
China is the abundant big country of biomass resource, and only the output of agricultural crop straw has just reached 700,000,000 tons/year.Yet present utilization ratio is merely 7%, and most stalk on-site incinerations have not only caused topsoil but also wasted resource.The approach of development and use stalk is a lot, such as the thermochemistry transformation technology, comprises gasification, liquefaction technology and cracking technique etc.; Biochemical conversion technology etc.Wherein thermo-cracking system oil tech is considered to the advanced subject of thermochemistry transformation technology, can stalk be changed into bio-oil, and the gas that is produced can be made fuel, and solids is the high quality charcoal.
The research of biomass flash pyrolysis starts from the seventies in 20th century.The subject matter that exists at present is the difficult control of quick cracked condition, and condition control is bad, and the heat energy utilization rate is lower, and is bigger to the productive rate influence.That is to say that the technology of biomass fast pyrolysis is ripe not enough.Has only the heat energy utilization rate that improves in the thermal cracking processes; Just can reduce production costs, improve the output capacity of biomass fuel; Also could develop more economical converting apparatus and technology, improve the use properties of biomass, and then develop valuable bio-oil sub product.Therefore, efficiently, synthetically improving the heat energy utilization rate in the thermal cracking processes, is one of difficult problem anxious to be solved in the biomass through pyrolysis.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and defect, provides a kind of efficient heat energy of used during fast thermal cracking of straw to utilize method.It can efficiently, synthetically improve the heat energy utilization rate in the thermal cracking processes, thereby reduces production costs, and improves the output capacity and the quality of charcoal, condensable gases (bio-fuel-oil) and inflammable gas or biomass fuel.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention includes following steps:
1. the drying of crushing straw material in the geosyncline; 2. dried material is promoted to feed bin; 3. be delivered to the pyrolyzer thermo-cracking by feed bin; With thermal cracking products through cracking system fly-ash separator gas solid separation; 5. send rectifying washing tower rectifying washing with gaseous state biomass after the gas solid separation; With rectifying washing tower cat head expellant gas through the overhead condenser condensation; 7. send the carbon powder cooler cooling with the powdered carbon after the gas solid separation; 8. send the powdered carbon fly-ash separator to separate cooled powdered carbon, the gained powdered carbon send the powdered carbon storage tank; 9. the BO that will at the bottom of Tata is washed in rectifying, discharge is through pumped by reflux pump after the water cooler cooling at the bottom of the tower again, and one the tunnel is the straw heavy of output, and the rectifying washing tower is returned on another road; 10. send water-and-oil separator to separate in the oil gas water that produces after step 6 condensation, gained stalk lower boiling lightweight oil one tunnel is collected output, and another road send the rectifying washing tower to participate in washing again, and gained water reclaims; Discharge after also comprising the freezing air heat exchange of step 11., pyrolyzer is sent in the freezing air heating of the air preheater of flowing through participated in cracking the pyrolyzer flue gas of discharging and the air preheater of flowing through.
Comprise that also step 12. will be cooled to below 150 ℃ through gas cooler from the flue gas that air preheater is discharged; Carry out drying step 1 and lifting step 2 by smoke induced draught fan charging feed geosyncline again, simultaneously the freezing air in the material gap is cemented out the gas-entrained oxygen level that gets into pyrolyzer to reduce.
Powdered carbon cooling step 7 adopts inner-cooled liquid bed water cooler, with the condensed in two stages cooling powdered carbon of water coolant and thermal oil.Cold water is become to can be used for life behind the hot water by heat exchange, cold thermal oil become behind the thermal conductance deep fat again after the water cooling of thermal oil water cooler hot water also to can be used as to produce by heat exchange or life with heat.
The powdered carbon of discharging from the carbon powder cooler top is carried the combustion gas of powdered carbon secretly and is sent pyrolyzer again back to after step 8 powdered carbon fly-ash separator separates, and uses heat with the adjustment pyrolyzer.Improve the temperature of combustion gas on the one hand, can use heat through carrying powdered carbon adjusting pyrolyzer secretly on the other hand.
Step 10 is not coagulated combustion gas and is returned the carbon powder cooler bottom inlet through the non-condensable gas induced draft fan again by water-and-oil separator is isolating.Can make the carbon powder cooler inner ebullition on the one hand, charcoal is cooled to below 150 ℃,, save heat energy so that subsequent disposal is partly passed to the heat energy of powdered carbon simultaneously and do not coagulated combustion gas to improve the temperature of advancing the stove combustion gas; The part heat medium that is cooled is taken out of, with heating advance the stove air or as life with hot.
The combustion gas that the cracking of this process using produces is the pyrolyzer thermal source, and the high-temperature gas after the burning tentatively is cooled to 150 ℃ with thermal oil and sends into air and remove storehouse (geosyncline), removing the air in the material space, and further dry to material, emptying then.The function of rectifying washing tower is, the bio-oil partial reflux that gets off by condenser condenses, with liquid to the further washing, purifying of gas; To remove the solids in the splitting gas, the part biological matter oil that condensation is got off is as product, and products obtained therefrom does not contain suspended solid; Transparency is good, and quality is high.The condensing surface of scrubbing column overhead adopts thermal oil to make condensing agent, is connected in series with the pyrolyzer water cooler of giving vent to anger, and heated thermal oil is used for dry materials.The characteristics of present method are: pyrocrack furnace is with the combustion gas heating that self produces, without any need for fossil oil; Heat is fully utilized, can be through regulating cracking temperature, and the ratio of the adjustment combustion gas that produces satisfies production process on the one hand with heat, makes the oil yield rate of device the highest on the one hand; Whole device does not discharge any pollutent, and effusive slag inclusion high boiling product amount is few at the bottom of the washing tower, and can be used as the boiler oil use; The emphasis process adopts robotization control, computer monitoring, convenient and reliable operation, high safety.
Present method is made fuel with self-produced thermo-cracking combustion gas, and with ability, the amount that device produces material oil is high by the hot integrated technology optimizing process of process.It has developed cracking high-temperature gas washing, purifying treatment technology, and this technology can be removed the solia particle in the Pintsch process gas, when contained bio-oil composition is condensed into liquid in the gas, does not contain suspended solid, and quality is high.Operating point control during production adopts automatically and detects, on-line computer control, the complete assembly non-pollutant discharge, but safety and stability is moved continuously.
The present invention is the pyrolyzer heating fuel to install self-produced non-condensable gas, and with hot integrated technology operation conditions optimization and equipment configuration, efficiently utilize the measure of heat energy below having taked: the heat with the pyrolyzer flue gas is advanced stove-heated air; After flue gas is cooled to below 150 ℃, be used as the source of the gas of gas delivery, in gas delivery, accomplish the drying of stalk, and make into that the temperature of pyrolyzer stalk is promoted to about 100 ℃.Simultaneously, with flue gas the air displacement in the stalk is come out; The powdered carbon temperature that from pyrolyzer is given vent to anger, separates is high, and the high temperature powdered carbon is met air meeting spontaneous combustion as if direct discharge system, and has caused the loss of heat.The present invention adopts inner-cooled liquid bed water cooler cooling powdered carbon, and the powdered carbon exhaust temperature is reduced to below 150 ℃, and the heat of recovery partly is used to into stove combustion gas heating, and part is as producing or living with heat; Be provided with heat reclaim unit at the bottom of the rectifying washing tower, fully reclaim the heat energy of splitting gas by thermal oil.
Heat energy utilization rate of the present invention is high, and oil yield rate is high.It efficiently, has synthetically improved the heat energy utilization rate in the thermal cracking processes, thereby reduces production costs, and improves the output capacity and the quality of charcoal, condensable gases (bio-fuel-oil) and inflammable gas or biomass fuel.Can be widely used in the fast pyrolysis production of stalk and other biomass resource.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1.A kind of efficient heat energy of used during fast thermal cracking of straw utilizes method, and is as shown in Figure 1.It may further comprise the steps:
1. the drying of crushing straw material in the geosyncline; 2. dried material is promoted to feed bin; 3. carry the pyrolyzer thermo-cracking by feed bin; With thermal cracking products through cracking system fly-ash separator gas solid separation; 5. send rectifying washing tower rectifying washing with gaseous state biomass after the gas solid separation; With rectifying washing tower cat head expellant gas through the overhead condenser condensation; 7. send the carbon powder cooler cooling with the powdered carbon after the gas solid separation; 8. send the powdered carbon fly-ash separator to separate cooled powdered carbon, the gained powdered carbon send the powdered carbon storage tank; 9. the BO that will at the bottom of Tata is washed in rectifying, discharge is through pumped by reflux pump after the water cooler cooling at the bottom of the tower again, and one the tunnel is the straw heavy of output, and the rectifying washing tower is returned on another road; 10. send water-and-oil separator to separate in the oil gas water that produces after step 6 condensation, gained stalk lower boiling lightweight oil one tunnel is collected output, and another road send the rectifying washing tower to participate in washing again, and gained water reclaims; Discharge after also comprising the freezing air heat exchange of step 11., pyrolyzer is sent in the freezing air heating of the air preheater of flowing through participated in cracking the pyrolyzer flue gas of discharging and the air preheater of flowing through.
Comprise that also step 12. will be cooled to below 150 ℃ through gas cooler from the flue gas that air preheater is discharged; Carry out drying step 1 and lifting step 2 by smoke induced draught fan charging feed geosyncline again, simultaneously the freezing air in the material gap is cemented out the gas-entrained oxygen level that gets into pyrolyzer to reduce.
Powdered carbon cooling step 7 is an inner-cooled liquid bed water cooler, with the condensed in two stages cooling powdered carbon of water coolant and thermal oil.Cold water is become to can be used for life behind the hot water by heat exchange, cold thermal oil become behind the thermal conductance deep fat again after the water cooling of thermal oil water cooler hot water also to can be used as to produce by heat exchange or life with heat.
The powdered carbon of discharging from the carbon powder cooler top is carried the combustion gas of powdered carbon secretly and is sent pyrolyzer again back to after step 8 powdered carbon fly-ash separator separates, and uses heat with the adjustment pyrolyzer.
Step 10 is returned the carbon powder cooler bottom inlet through the non-condensable gas induced draft fan again by the isolating fuel gas that do not coagulate of water-and-oil separator.Overhead condenser is with recirculated water condensation, save energy.
Claims (5)
1. the efficient heat energy of a used during fast thermal cracking of straw utilizes method, may further comprise the steps:
(1) drying of crushing straw material in the geosyncline; (2) dried material is promoted to feed bin; (3) carry the pyrolyzer thermo-cracking by feed bin; (4) with thermal cracking products through cracking system fly-ash separator gas solid separation; It is characterized in that further comprising the steps of: rectifying washing tower rectifying washing is sent with gaseous state biomass after the gas solid separation in (5); (6) with rectifying washing tower cat head expellant gas through the overhead condenser condensation; (7) send the carbon powder cooler cooling with the powdered carbon after the gas solid separation; (8) send the powdered carbon fly-ash separator to separate cooled powdered carbon, the gained powdered carbon send the powdered carbon storage tank; (9) BO that will at the bottom of Tata is washed in rectifying, discharge is through pumped by reflux pump after the water cooler cooling at the bottom of the tower again, and one the tunnel is the straw heavy of output, and the rectifying washing tower is returned on another road; (10) send water-and-oil separator to separate in the oil gas water that produces after step (6) condensation, gained stalk lower boiling lightweight oil one tunnel is collected output, and another road send the rectifying washing tower to participate in washing again, and gained water reclaims; (11) discharge after the freezing air heat exchange with the pyrolyzer flue gas of discharging and the air preheater of flowing through, and the freezing air of the air preheater of will flowing through is sent into pyrolyzer participation cracking.
2. the efficient heat energy according to the described used during fast thermal cracking of straw of claim 1 utilizes method; It is characterized in that also comprising that step (12) will be cooled to below 150 ℃ through gas cooler from the flue gas that air preheater is discharged; Carry out drying step (1) and lifting step (2) by smoke induced draught fan charging feed geosyncline again, simultaneously the freezing air in the material gap is cemented out the gas-entrained oxygen level that gets into pyrolyzer to reduce.
3. the efficient heat energy according to claim 1 or 2 described used during fast thermal cracking of straw utilizes method; It is characterized in that said powdered carbon cooling step (7) is the cooling of inner-cooled liquid bed; Condensed in two stages cooling powdered carbon with water coolant and thermal oil; Cold water is become to be used for life behind the hot water by heat exchange, cold thermal oil by heat exchange become behind the thermal conductance deep fat again after the water cooling of thermal oil water cooler hot water as produce or life with heat.
4. the efficient heat energy according to the described used during fast thermal cracking of straw of claim 3 utilizes method; It is characterized in that said powdered carbon discharges after step (8) powdered carbon fly-ash separator separates from the carbon powder cooler top; Carry the combustion gas of powdered carbon secretly and send pyrolyzer again back to, use heat with the adjustment pyrolyzer.
5. the efficient heat energy according to the described used during fast thermal cracking of straw of claim 4 utilizes method, it is characterized in that step (10) returns the carbon powder cooler bottom inlet through the non-condensable gas induced draft fan again by the isolating fuel gas that do not coagulate of water-and-oil separator.
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| CN2009101582193A CN101613613B (en) | 2009-07-22 | 2009-07-22 | Efficient heat energy utilization method used during fast thermal cracking of straw |
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| CN105482832A (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-04-13 | 天津格罗普斯新能源科技有限公司 | High-temperature rapid cracking system for energy regeneration of solid organic matters, and working method thereof |
| CN109082289B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2021-03-23 | 湖南工业大学 | Biochar processed by high-temperature heat conduction oil and preparation method thereof |
| CN113462421B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-03-28 | 重庆大学 | Pyrolysis method for heating medical waste or waste plastic by molten salt |
| CN115446078B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-11-24 | 四川轻化工大学 | Treatment method for microwave pyrolysis of waste camphor tree branches and leaves |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2791048Y (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2006-06-28 | 满贺栢 | Stalk gasified gas device |
| CN101372624A (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2009-02-25 | 熊晓明 | Method for preparing carbon, gas, oil and solution in scale by thermally cracking biomass material |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2791048Y (en) * | 2005-11-15 | 2006-06-28 | 满贺栢 | Stalk gasified gas device |
| CN101372624A (en) * | 2008-10-09 | 2009-02-25 | 熊晓明 | Method for preparing carbon, gas, oil and solution in scale by thermally cracking biomass material |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| JP昭57-63385A 1982.04.16 |
| 贺军等.秸秆气焦油高温裂解实验分析及研究.《内燃机与动力装置》.2008,(第6期),第44-46页. * |
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