Background technology:
Entered since 21 century, worldwide environmental pollution increases the weight of day by day, modern industry is when providing colourful material such as dyestuff, medicine, chemical fertilizer, cloth and various performances for human social development, also " embarassed " of the earth lane that we depend on for existence, particularly the water pollution condition is especially serious.As everyone knows, our earth 70% is a water, and water is the source of all things on earth.Thus, radical cure water pollutes extremely urgent.Heavy metal contamination is one of maximum water pollution problems of harm.Heavy metal refers to that proportion is greater than 5 metal (referring generally to the metal of density greater than every cubic centimetre of 4.5 gram), there are 45 kinds approximately, generally all be to belong to transition element, as copper, lead, zinc, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, cadmium, mercury, tungsten, molybdenum, gold and silver etc., although heavy metals such as manganese, copper, zinc are the needed trace elements of vital movement, institute is necessary but most of heavy metal such as mercury, lead, cadmium etc. are not vital movement, and all heavy metals are all poisonous to human body above finite concentration.Heavy metal is by the man-made pollution sources such as burning, applying pesticides chemical fertilizer and domestic refuse of mining, Metal smelting, metal processing and Chemical Manufacture waste water, fossil oil, and natural form such as geological erosion, weathering enters water body, heavy metal in the waste water can be absorbed by the soil crop, and stable in properties, difficult degradation, can suppress crop growthing development again, cause early ageing, the underproduction even death, and enter plant materials by root system.Heavy metal and compound thereof can be accumulated enrichment in aquatic organism and in the plant materials tissue, by effects such as the biological accumulation of drinking-water and food chain, biological concentrated, biological amplifications, finally HUMAN HEALTH is caused serious harm.Heavy metal wastewater thereby is the very strong class waste water of contaminative, even concentration is very little, also can work the mischief, and toxicity has long-term persistence.Which kind of treatment process heavy metal adopts all can not be degraded, and can only change its state, or forms title complex or inner complex with anion ligand, makes in the water and separates from polluted water body after the heavy metal concentration increase.In addition heavy metal have toxicity big, in environment, be difficult for by metabolism, easily by biomagnification and characteristics such as biological amplification are arranged, polluted water environment not only, the also human and hydrobiological existence of serious threat, heavy metal pollution of water body has become global problem of environmental pollution.
With regard to present Industrial Wastewater Treatment situation, many medium-sized and small enterprises drop into substantially seldom or do not drop into, and one of them major reason is relevant with low income to the high investment of water processing establishment with enterprise.Existing heavy metal separation method has solvent extration, precipitation separation, ion exchange method etc.At present solvent extration is one of method of widespread use, but this technology is limited by the mass transfer equilibrated, and separating device is bulky, two process needs of extraction reextraction carry out in different reactor, the high complicated operation of cost will with an organic solvent easily pollute environment simultaneously.Though precipitation separation is simple, is difficult for regeneration or resource utilization.Ion exchange method is subjected to the restriction of ion-exchanger exchange capacity.
Liquid Membrane Separation Technique is by liquid film each components selection migration to be measured in the mixture to be realized separation, purification and spissated a kind of new separation technology, compares with traditional method to have many advantages: equipment is simple, velocity of separation is fast, selectivity is high, energy consumption is low and recyclable heavy metal resources etc.Emulsion liquid membrane is one of liquid Membrane Separation Technique that is most widely used.Yet emulsion liquid membrane not only has numerous and diverse operations such as system breast, breakdown of emulsion equally also will be with an organic solvent and other organic additives outward, all can constitute harm to environment and human body.Ionic liquid is the ionic compound that is liquid state under a kind of normal temperature, and volatility is almost nil, belongs to " green solvent ", ionic liquid is used for liquid film is separated into a kind of new trial that solves solvent contamination.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide the ionic liquid chunk liquid film separating and recycling method of a heavy metal species, solved prior art complicated operation, mobility is low and organic solvent is difficult to recycle problem.
The technical solution used in the present invention is, the ionic liquid chunk liquid film separating and recycling method of one heavy metal species, this method is used a kind of device, this device comprises Glass Containers, the centre of Glass Containers vertically is provided with the Glass tubing of upper and lower opening, the bottom of Glass Containers is provided with stirrer, and stirrer is connected with the magnetic stirring apparatus of outside;
Recovery method of the present invention is, utilizes above-mentioned device, implements according to following steps:
Step 1, to choose purity be 98% ionic liquid [BMIM] PF
6Or [BEIM] PF
6As membrane solvent, choose purity and be 98% P
507As carrier, with carrier and ionic liquid according to 0.25~1.0: 99.75~99.0 volume ratio is mixed, and obtains the liquid film phase;
Step 2, choose the HNO of 0.5~4mol/L
3Or H
2SO
4As separating phase separation;
Step 3, with acetic acid and sodium-acetate according to 10~90: 90~10 volume ratio is mixed, and obtains buffered soln, is 2.0~2.5 * 10 with buffered soln and concentration again
-3The heavy metallic salt solution to be recycled of mol/L is by 95~85: 5~15 volume ratio is mixed, and obtains the feed liquid phase;
Step 4, liquid film is added in the Glass Containers, when the liquid level of liquid film phase covers the lower opening edge of Glass tubing, feed liquid is added in the Glass Containers, make feed liquid float over mutually on the liquid film phase, simultaneously parsing is added in the Glass tubing, the unlatching magnetic stirring apparatus stirs liquid film mutually with 500 ± 50 rev/mins rotating speed, makes heavy metal ion separate the phase separation migration in opposite directions from feed liquid;
Step 5, every interval 20~30 minutes are taken a sample mutually from feed liquid and are measured, when reaching 95%, the mobility of heavy metal ion liquid finishes to stir when above, liquid film changes layering in the separating funnel over to separating phase separation, and the colourless aqueous phase solution of lower floor is the heavy metal ion liquid that is moved.
Separation and recovery method batching of the present invention and simple to operate, migration good separating effect to heavy metal element, liquid film can reclaim mutually, ionic liquid promptly can be made solvent can do carrier again, not only separation efficiency is higher but also membrane solvent is harmless and can recycle, and can not constitute harm to environment and human body.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As Fig. 1, apparatus structure synoptic diagram for separation and recovery method of the present invention uses comprises Glass Containers 7, vertically is provided with the Glass tubing 1 of upper and lower opening in the inside of Glass Containers 7, the bottom of Glass Containers 7 is provided with stirrer 5, and stirrer 5 is connected with the magnetic stirring apparatus 6 of outside.When this device carries out migration operation, add liquid film mutually 4 in Glass Containers 7, add in Glass tubing 1 and separate phase separation 2, the adding feed liquid mutually 3 between Glass tubing 1 and Glass Containers 7.
The ionic liquid chunk liquid film separating and recycling method of heavy metal of the present invention utilizes said apparatus, implements according to following steps:
Step 1, to choose purity be 98% ionic liquid [BMIM] PF
6Or [BEIM] PF
6As membrane solvent, choose purity and be 98% P
507As carrier, with carrier and ionic liquid according to 0.25~1.0: 99.75~99.0 volume ratio is mixed, and obtains coating solution, and promptly liquid film mutually 4.
Step 2, choose the HNO of 0.5~4mol/L concentration
3Or H
28O
4As separating phase separation 2;
Step 3, with acetic acid and sodium-acetate by 10~90: 90~10 volume ratio is mixed, and obtains buffered soln, again with buffered soln and 2.0~2.5 * 10
-3The heavy metallic salt to be recycled of mol/L concentration is (as PbSO
4, Cd (NO
3)
2Or ZnSO
4) solution by 95~85: 5~15 volume ratios are mixed, and obtain feed liquid mutually 3;
Step 4, liquid film 4 is added in the Glass Containerss 7 mutually, when the liquid level of liquid film phase 4 covers the lower opening edge of Glass tubing 1, feed liquid phase 3 is added in the Glass Containerss 7, feed liquid 3 floats on the liquid film phase 4 mutually, to separate phase separation 2 simultaneously adds in the Glass tubing 1, open magnetic stirring apparatus 6 and liquid film 4 is stirred mutually, make heavy metal ion (Pb with 500 ± 50 rev/mins rotating speed
2+, Cd
2+Or Zn
2+) move to separating phase separation 2 from feed liquid phase 3;
Taking a sample from feed liquid phase 3 and measure in step 5, every interval in 20 minutes, makes developer with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-Resorcinol sodium (hereinafter to be referred as PAR); As heavy metal ion (Pb
2+, Cd
2+Or Zn
2+) mobility reaches 95% and finishes when above to stir, liquid film mutually 4 with separate phase separation 2 and change layering in the separating funnel over to, the colourless aqueous phase solution of lower floor is the heavy metal ion (Pb that is moved
2+, Cd
2+Or Zn
2+).
For the remaining heavy metal ion (Pb that do not stripped in the upper layer film solution
2+, Cd
2+Or Zn
2+), liquid film can be added to and under 300 rev/mins rotating speed, stir the reextraction of carrying out at least 1 hour among the HCl of an amount of original 6mol/L, obtain a spot of heavy metal ion (Pb of residue
2+, Cd
2+Or Zn
2+), this liquid film 4 can be reused mutually, thereby has significantly reduced production cost.
Reaction and the transition process of heavy metal (lead, cadmium or zinc) in containing carrier ion liquid bulk liquid membrane system roughly is divided into following a few step:
(1) feed liquid mutually in metal ion to be migrated be diffused into feed liquid and liquid film phase interface.
(2) at the interface, the metal ion in the feed liquid and the film carrier P in mutually
507Chemical reaction takes place in (representing with HR), generates the neutral compound molecule:
In the formula (1) org and f represent respectively liquid film mutually with feed liquid mutually, M
f N+Metal ion in the expression feed liquid, (HR) herein
2Be illustrated in the carrier that mainly exists in the non-polar oil with dimeric forms.
(3) neutral complex of extraction generation spreads in bulk liquid membrane.
(4) when neutral complex compound is diffused into liquid film and resolves phase interface owing to concentration gradient,, discharge metal ion because the decomplexing reaction takes place in the increase of acidity:
S represents to separate phase separation in the formula (2).
Metal ion enters mutually from feed liquid and separates phase separation, and HR so circulates because continue and the complexing of metal ion of feed liquid in mutually at the water insoluble interface of returning.In this process, the material that energy is provided is H
+, its direction of transfer is opposite with the migratory direction of metal ion, and along with the carrying out of mass transfer, the metal ion of feed liquid in mutually reduces, and the metal ion of separating in the phase separation increases, and M obtains enrichment separating phase separation, thereby reaches the purpose of migration.As seen, the transition process of metal ion in containing carrier ion liquid bulk liquid membrane system can be described as simply: metal ion from feed liquid at first be extracted to mutually liquid film mutually, then, the metal ion of liquid film in mutually is resolved in another water (separating phase separation), realized metal ion from feed liquid to the transition process of separating phase separation.
Embodiment 1: implements according to following steps and relevant controlling parameters,
Step 1, to choose purity be 98% ionic liquid [BMIM] PF
6As membrane solvent, choose purity and be 98% P
507As carrier, again carrier is mixed according to 0.5: 99.5 volume ratio with ionic liquid, obtain coating solution, i.e. the liquid film phase.
Step 2, choose 2.0mol/L HNO
3As separating phase separation 2;
Step 3, acetic acid being mixed according to 65: 35 volume ratio with sodium-acetate, obtain buffered soln, is 2.3 * 10 with buffered soln and concentration again
-3The PbSO to be recycled of mol/L
4Solution mix by 90: 10 volume ratio, obtain feed liquid mutually 3;
Step 4, liquid film mutually 4 is added Glass Containerss 7, make liquid level cover the lower opening edge of Glass tubing 1, feed liquid phase 3 is added in the Glass Containerss 7, to separate phase separation 2 simultaneously adds in the Glass tubing 1, open magnetic stirring apparatus 6 and liquid film 4 is stirred mutually, make heavy metal ion Pb with 500 ± 50 rev/mins rotating speed
2+Move to separating phase separation 2 from feed liquid phase 3;
Step 5, every interval 20 minutes are taken a sample mutually from feed liquid and are measured, and make developer with PAR; Heavy metal ion Pb in 120 minutes
2++Mobility reaches 96.7%, and liquid film changes layering in the separating funnel over to separating phase separation, and the colourless aqueous phase solution of lower floor is the Pb that is moved
2+
Embodiment 2: choose purity and be 98% ionic liquid [BEIM] PF
6As membrane solvent, choose purity and be 98% P
507As carrier, again carrier is mixed according to 0.3: 99.7 volume ratio with ionic liquid, obtain liquid film phase 4; With 0.5mol/L HNO
3As separating phase separation 2; Acetic acid being mixed according to 90: 10 volume ratio with sodium-acetate, obtain buffered soln, is 2.4 * 10 with buffered soln and concentration again
-3Cd (the NO to be recycled of mol/L
3)
2Solution mix by 88: 12 volume ratio, obtain feed liquid mutually 3; Liquid film phase 4 is added Glass Containerss 7, make liquid level cover the lower opening edge of Glass tubing 1, feed liquid phase 3 is added in the Glass Containerss 7, will separate phase separation 2 simultaneously and add in the Glass tubings 1, open magnetic stirring apparatus 6 and liquid film 4 is stirred mutually, make heavy metal ion Pb with 500 ± 50 rev/mins rotating speed
2+Move to separating phase separation 2 from feed liquid phase 3; Every interval was made developer from feed liquid phase sampling and measuring with PAR in 20 minutes; Heavy metal ion Pb in 140 minutes
2++Mobility reaches 95.9%, and liquid film changes layering in the separating funnel over to separating phase separation, and the colourless aqueous phase solution of lower floor is the Pb that is moved
2+
Embodiment 3: choose purity and be 98% ionic liquid [BMIM] PF
6As membrane solvent, choose purity and be 98% P
507As carrier, again carrier is mixed according to 1: 99 volume ratio with ionic liquid, obtain liquid film phase 4; With 1.0mol/L H
2SO
4As separating phase separation 2; Acetic acid being mixed according to 15: 85 volume ratio with sodium-acetate, obtain buffered soln, is 2.5 * 10 with buffered soln and concentration again
-3The CuSO to be recycled of mol/L
4Solution mix by 93: 7 volume ratio, obtain feed liquid mutually 3; Liquid film phase 4 is added Glass Containerss 7, make liquid level cover the lower opening edge of Glass tubing 1, feed liquid phase 3 is added in the Glass Containerss 7, will separate phase separation 2 simultaneously and add in the Glass tubings 1, open magnetic stirring apparatus 6 and liquid film 4 is stirred mutually, make heavy metal ion Cd with 500 ± 50 rev/mins rotating speed
2+Move to separating phase separation 2 from feed liquid phase 3; Every interval was made developer from feed liquid phase sampling and measuring with PAR in 20 minutes; Heavy metal ion Cd in 120 minutes
2++Mobility reaches 95.1%, and liquid film changes layering in the separating funnel over to separating phase separation, and the colourless aqueous phase solution of lower floor is the Cd that is moved
2+
Embodiment 4: choose purity and be 98% ionic liquid [BEIM] PF
6As membrane solvent, choose purity and be 98% P
507As carrier, again carrier is mixed according to 0.25: 99.75 volume ratio with ionic liquid, obtain liquid film phase 4; With 4.0mol/L H
2SO
4As separating phase separation 2; Acetic acid being mixed according to 40: 60 volume ratio with sodium-acetate, obtain buffered soln, is 2.5 * 10 with buffered soln and concentration again
-3The ZnSO to be recycled of mol/L
4Solution mix by 85: 15 volume ratio, obtain feed liquid mutually 3; Liquid film phase 4 is added Glass Containerss 7, make liquid level cover the lower opening edge of Glass tubing 1, feed liquid phase 3 is added in the Glass Containerss 7, will separate phase separation 2 simultaneously and add in the Glass tubings 1, open magnetic stirring apparatus 6 and liquid film 4 is stirred mutually, make heavy metal ion Cd with 500 ± 50 rev/mins rotating speed
2+Move to separating phase separation 2 from feed liquid phase 3; Every interval was made developer from feed liquid phase sampling and measuring with PAR in 20 minutes; Heavy metal ion Cd in 140 minutes
2++Mobility reaches 96.3%, and liquid film changes layering in the separating funnel over to separating phase separation, and the colourless aqueous phase solution of lower floor is the Cd that is moved
2+
Embodiment 5: choose purity and be 98% ionic liquid [BMIM] PF
6As membrane solvent, choose purity and be 98% P
507As carrier, again carrier is mixed according to 0.6: 99.4 volume ratio with ionic liquid, obtain liquid film phase 4; With 3.0mol/L H
2SO
4As separating phase separation 2; Acetic acid being mixed according to 10: 90 volume ratio with sodium-acetate, obtain buffered soln, is 2.0 * 10 with buffered soln and concentration again
-3The NiSO to be recycled of mol/L
4Solution mix by 95: 5 volume ratio, obtain feed liquid mutually 3; Liquid film phase 4 is added Glass Containerss 7, make liquid level cover the lower opening edge of Glass tubing 1, feed liquid phase 3 is added in the Glass Containerss 7, will separate phase separation 2 simultaneously and add in the Glass tubings 1, open magnetic stirring apparatus 6 and liquid film 4 is stirred mutually, make heavy metal ion Zn with 500 ± 50 rev/mins rotating speed
2+Move to separating phase separation 2 from feed liquid phase 3; Every interval was made developer from feed liquid phase sampling and measuring with PAR in 20 minutes; Heavy metal ion Zn in 120 minutes
2++Mobility reaches 95.5%, and liquid film changes layering in the separating funnel over to separating phase separation, and the colourless aqueous phase solution of lower floor is the Zn that is moved
2+
Embodiment 6: choose purity and be 98% ionic liquid [BEIM] PF
6As membrane solvent, choose purity and be 98% P
507As carrier, again carrier is mixed according to 0.8: 99.2 volume ratio with ionic liquid, obtain liquid film phase 4; With 2.0mol/L H
2SO
4As separating phase separation 2; Acetic acid being mixed according to 75: 25 volume ratio with sodium-acetate, obtain buffered soln, is 2.0 * 10 with buffered soln and concentration again
-3The CoSO to be recycled of mol/L
4Solution mix by 90: 10 volume ratio, obtain feed liquid mutually 3; Liquid film phase 4 is added Glass Containerss 7, make liquid level cover the lower opening edge of Glass tubing 1, feed liquid phase 3 is added in the Glass Containerss 7, will separate phase separation 2 simultaneously and add in the Glass tubings 1, open magnetic stirring apparatus 6 and liquid film 4 is stirred mutually, make heavy metal ion Zn with 500 ± 50 rev/mins rotating speed
2+Move to separating phase separation 2 from feed liquid phase 3; Every interval was made developer from feed liquid phase sampling and measuring with PAR in 20 minutes; Heavy metal ion Zn in 140 minutes
2++Mobility reaches 96.1%, and liquid film changes layering in the separating funnel over to separating phase separation, and the colourless aqueous phase solution of lower floor is the Zn that is moved
2+
In sum, method of the present invention is selected ionic liquid and bulk liquid membrane combination for use ionic liquid ([BMIM] PF
6Or [BEIM] PF) be membrane solvent and P
507For carrier mixes, obtain the liquid film phase, with H
2SO
4Or HNO
3As separating phase separation, acetic acid is mixed with sodium-acetate, obtain buffered soln, again buffered soln is mixed with the heavy metallic salt solution to be recycled of proper concn, preparation obtains the feed liquid phase, adopt the method for ionic liquid chunk liquid film to transmit separating beavy metal, realized environmental protection, the purpose that recycle is convenient, transport efficiency is high, cost is low.