CN101483934A - Segmented adaptive multi-path routing mechanism having topology sensing capability - Google Patents
Segmented adaptive multi-path routing mechanism having topology sensing capability Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a self-adapting multi-path routing agreement based on path segmenting that is used for transmitting data package of wireless self-organize network efficiently. The agreement includes steps as follows: A) judging a link state by a note according with decided strategy; B) self-adapting selecting a delay node according with network topology state; C) establishing multi-path routing of path segmenting. The agreement can ensure successful probability for transmitting Ad Hoc network data package efficiently and increase network reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to communication technical field, relate to wireless self-organization network, be i.e. Ad hoc network.A kind of multi-path routing mechanism that can adapt to change in topology is specifically proposed.Node is set up in the process and can to network topology certain perception be arranged according to the route control information in route, and sets up the adaptive multi-path route of segmentation, and every section in the path can comprise single path or multipath.
Background technology
Ad hoc network is a kind of by provisional autonomous wireless system static or that mobile node is formed.It does not rely on existing network infrastructure, relies on internodal mutual cooperation to finish the node network interconnection to each other.Ad hoc network is mainly used in the military and promptly happens suddenly the interim occasion of occasion and difficult wiring.At present, Ad hoc network is just progressively to the business environment development, as sensor network, Virtual Class and home network etc.
The characteristics of Ad hoc network are mainly reflected in the following aspects: the network topology structure of (1) dynamic change: do not have fixing communications facility and central management equipment in the Ad hoc network, network node can move towards any direction with any speed randomly, causes the dynamic change of network topology.(2) Limited resources: the work capacity that offers mobile host in the Ad hoc network is limited; On the other hand, network itself provides conflict and the interference between limited bandwidth and the signal, makes the available limited transmission bandwidth of mobile host will be far smaller than theoretic maximum bandwidth.(3) distributed nature of network: do not have center control nodes in the Ad hoc network, main frame is interconnected by distributed protocol, and certain node has fault, but all the other nodes operate as normal still, and survivability is strong.(4) lower fail safe: between the Ad hoc network node communication by wireless channel, various attacks such as information transmitted is very easy to be subjected to monitor, retransmits, distorts, forgery.(5) multi-hop communication: two network nodes can not be in the same overlay network owing to be subjected to the restriction of available resources, can adopt Adhoc network multi-hop communication, realize communicating by letter of source host and destination host between the different overlay networks.
Traditional wireless self-organization network Routing Protocol such as AODV and DSR are the single path Routing Protocols, and these agreements are set up single-pathway between source node and destination node.Current wireless self-organization network multipath Routing Protocol can be divided into two parts: parallel routing mechanism and the route stand-by mechanism transmitted.The parallel routing mechanism of transmitting uses mulitpath to transmit packet simultaneously; And route stand-by mechanism uses backup path to continue the forwarding of packet when main path ruptures.
In current application, multimedia service occupies very big proportion, especially business such as voice, video.Existing wireless network can only for delay sensitive and the multimedia service that can tolerate a part of packet loss are provided limited, the time change service quality (Quality of Service, QoS).Because the mobility of radio self-organized network nodes, the end-to-end path fracture probability is more much higher than cable network, and concerning real time business, frequent route foundation can cause bigger route setup delay and delay variation.How the multimedia service for the user provides the problem of acceptable QoS to be studied widely.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is on the basis of existing single footpath route agreement, at single footpath route agreement the situation that fracture causes end-to-end reliability to reduce often takes place under time varying channel and moving scene, the method for building up of adaptive multi-path Routing Protocol in a kind of Adhoc network is provided.Node adopts predefined threshold value to judge Link State, and select via node according to the topological state self-adaption ground that network is current, set up the multipath route of path segments, improve the reliability of Ad hoc network by packet in the parallel forwarding of multipath.
To achieve these goals, concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
First step: determine the maximum parallel route quantity of link-quality multipath part
Link in the Ad hoc network is subjected to the influence of multiple factor (as multipath effect, interference and node motion etc.), differing greatly between the link-quality, and some can not satisfy the requirement of end-to-end business service quality.Therefore set up in the process in route, should choose the link-quality path of link composition bearer service preferably.
The parameter of weighing link-quality has delivery of packets rate, received signal to noise ratio, life span etc.Can promptly and accurately weigh the thresholding of link-quality according to the one or more settings in these parameters.According to spendable link condition, determine that the parallel maximum path number of adaptive multi-path agreement is two.
Second step: the foundation of adaptive multi-path route
Judge and two kinds of technology of path number selection by the Link State in the first step, can set up end-to-end path adaptively according to current network topological structure and Link State.
Intermediate node changes route requests (RREQ) quantity that can handle and transmit into two, makes route replies (RREP) message that a plurality of reverse paths be arranged.
Owing to determined that the maximum path number of multipath is two in the first step, need destination node to reply two RREP message to source node, could set up maximum path quantity and be two multipath route.Each RREP message is added flag bit in packet header, is designated main road by replying (Primary_RREP) or inferior route replies (Secondary_RREP) message.
Can choose optimum path during Primary_RREP message process intermediate node, choose the path of suboptimum during Secondary_RREP message process intermediate node, so just can set up part multipath route as shown in Figure 1.
Third step: the elimination multipath is set up the route loop in the process
Because each intermediate node can be transmitted two RREQ message in second step, just might cause route loop at the intermediate node place, make that the length in this path is longer than normal route, the transmission of packet between route loop can be wasted valuable bandwidth and electric weight resource, also can cause the collision of packet.The present invention detects and eliminates its influence by the route loop testing mechanism.
The 4th step: end-to-end path segmentation
In the present invention, when reducing network carrying connection-oriented service, the affirmation of packet and retransmitting needs the jumping figure transmitted, has used the end-to-end path fragmentation technique.Utilize second step to set up after the adaptive multi-path, the initial sum terminal node of selecting the part multipath is as via node.End-to-end path is divided into a plurality of sections by via node, and packet can shorten the end-to-end time delay of data packet transmission in each intersegmental affirmation and re-transmission.
The 5th step: packet is parallel to be transmitted
In the present invention, for that part of path of part multipath, can be by via node parallel packet that sends on two paths of section section start.Packet adds a sequence number and identifies sending order.
Because node motion or channel instability cause when rupturing, a paths in addition can be dealt into packet the via node in downstream when one in main path and time path.Via node removes the identical packet of sequence number after receiving the packet of upstream node, and transmits packet to downstream node.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the route replies message packet format.
Fig. 2 sets up schematic diagram for the path.
Fig. 3 is the path segments schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but this embodiment should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
First step: determine the maximum parallel route quantity of link-quality and multipath part
Link in the Ad hoc network is because the influence of the mobility of node and multipath effect, interference, link-quality changes apparent in view in time, adopts the rate of monitoring link packet delivery in real time to weigh link-quality with the mode that the historical record data of delivery of packets rate combines among the present invention.Make PDRM represent the link packet delivery rate of current measurement, PDRH represents the historical data of the link packet delivery rate that node is preserved.Represent by formula (1) through the current link-quality Q of link that calculates:
Q＝0.1×PDR
M+0.9×PDR
H (1)
PDR
HThe assembly average of the link-quality Q that counts within last second for node.
Among the present invention, with the link-quality thresholding be defined as 0.7, promptly link-quality is lower than 0.7 link and does not participate in route and set up and the packet repeating process.
Consider that two quality of use are 0.7 the parallel packet of transmitting of link, the quality after these two link parallel connections is (1-(1-0.7)
2)=0.91 promptly uses link-quality to transmit packet greater than two links of 0.7, can reach the delivery of packets rate greater than 90%, can satisfy most service quality of using.So the maximum path bar number in parallel duplex footpath is defined as 2.
Second step: the process of setting up of adaptive multi-path route
Two RREQ message can be handled and transmit to each intermediate node, and destination node is handled two RREQ message receiving at first, and send two RREP message to reverse path, is two multipath route to set up the maximum path number.
The RREP message format is amended as follows, and whether adding a flag bit P in packet header, to differentiate this RREP message be that main road is by response message.As shown in Figure 1, this modification does not change the length in RREP message packet header.
Concrete multipath is set up process as shown in Figure 2.Node S and D are respectively source node and destination node, and all the other nodes are intermediate node.The RREQ that the S point sends transmits the back through each intermediate node and arrives the D point, and the D point sends two RREP message, is respectively Primary_RREP and Secondary_RREP.At node 10 places,, put 10 existing two reverse path 10-8 and 10-9 owing to received two RREQ message.After Primary_RREP arrives node 10, select optimum path as main path, optimal path is compared with other paths, and parameters such as the time delay in path and delivery of packets rate are optimum.Node 10 is transmitted after the Primary_RREP, put a flag bit Passed in this locality, show that Primary_RREP has passed through this node, when Secondary_RREP passes through node 10 again, read Passed set, show that Primary_RREP has selected optimal path, Secondary_RREP need select sub-optimal path to transmit.
At node 5 places, because node 5 has only a paths to node 4,5-4, this moment, Primary_RREP and Secondary_RREP selected this unique paths to transmit.Node 5 is to having formed part multipath route between the node 10 like this.
According to above-mentioned method, two RREP message are forwarded to source node, and end-to-end part multipath route is set up process and finished.
Third step: the elimination multipath is set up the route loop in the process
The existence of route loop can cause the unnecessary expense of data packet transmission, also can cause the increase of network collision probability, performances such as the time delay of the whole net of influence and throughput.
After the part multipath route of being set up by the method for second step, some path can produce the route loop phenomenon owing to transmit a plurality of RREQ message, and the standard that detects route loop is whether path is than 2 jumpings of shortest path path length or more than the double bounce.If the jumping figure value in two RREP message receiving differs and equals double bounce or greater than double bounce, then the RREP message that arrives of back is not handled by source node.Like this, avoided the appearance of route loop by the length that limits two paths.
The 4th step: end-to-end path fragmentation procedure
When packet occurred abandoning in transmission course, source node need wait for that time enough can begin to retransmit the packet that abandons, and this section stand-by period is relevant with distance between source node and the destination node.
Being provided with of via node can solve as above problem.Via node is responsible for preserving the packet that sent and the packet from the upstream via node that receives is replied, thereby end-to-end path is decomposed into a plurality of than short path, shorten the stand-by period of confirming data-bag lost, reduced the end-to-end delay of grouping.
In the present invention, choose the start node of multipath route and terminal node, be responsible for packet is carried out buffer memory, local echoing and forwarding as via node.If current selected path is two node independent pathways, then do not need to be provided with via node.
As shown in Figure 3, node 2 and node 5 are initial sum terminal nodes of part multipath, set up in the process in route and can be marked as via node.End-to-end path is divided into three sections: S-2,2-5,5-D.Via node 2 and 5 difference buffer memorys and affirmation are from the packet of upstream via node (or source node), and via node sends packet downstream.
The 5th step: the packet forwarding mechanism that walks abreast
Source node adds the sequence number of identification data packet sending order in the packet that sends.After packet arrives certain via node, can judge whether this via node has two forward-paths, if there are two, the node place duplicate packet that then continues hereinto, and be forwarded on two paths in downstream, as the node among Fig. 32.When node 5 was received the packet of transmitting from node 3 and node 4, node 5 abandoned the packet that repeats to receive according to the sequence number of the packet of receiving, after the remaining data packet sequencing to its downstream via node forwarding packet.
By the parallel forwarding mechanism of packet of the present invention, can ensure that the reliability of multipath part is higher than individual paths, thereby improve the reliability of whole net.
The content that is not described in detail in this specification belongs to this area professional and technical personnel's known prior art.
The above only is preferable enforcement of the present invention, and is in order to restriction the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of being done, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1, the invention provides a kind of path segments self adaptation multi-path route method with topology sensing capability, be used for the packet reliable transmission of wireless self-organization network (Ad Hoc), this method may further comprise the steps:
A) node is determined link-quality criterion and threshold value;
B) node is determined multipath part maximum path number;
C) node is set up the multipath route adaptively according to the network topology situation;
D) the elimination multipath is set up the route loop in the process;
E) select via node according to the network topology state self-adaption, with the end-to-end path segmentation;
F) the parallel forwarding of packet.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, steps A further comprises: node participates in the number of links that route is set up and packet is transmitted by setting the link-quality threshold constraints.
3, link-quality thresholding according to claim 2 is set and the link choosing method, it is characterized in that, step B further comprises: determine in the link of link-quality on threshold value, form the parallel path number of transmitting of multipath route, make route maintenance expense and path reliability reach balance.
4, the parallel forward-path number method of qualification according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, step C further comprises: in the route replies process, node is judged the current topological structure of network according to the route replies message that receives, and is set up the multipath route adaptively.
5, method for establishing multi-path route according to claim 4 is characterized in that, step D further comprises: compare the cancellation loop phenomenon by the jumping figure to the jumping figure of the route replies message received and the shortest jumping figure path.
6, set up and the route loop removing method according to claim 4,5 described multipath routes, it is characterized in that, step e further comprises: node is according to surveying the network topological information that obtains in the network, choose via node adaptively, be responsible for packet is carried out buffer memory, local echoing and forwarding.
7, path segments method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, step F further comprises: the quantity that via node is sent out the path according to next redirect determines whether that needs duplicate and transmit packet on mulitpath, downstream middle rank node is transmitted after going heavily, sort according to the sequence number in the packet, reduce and repeat to transmit quantity of data packets, with thinking that business provides the reliability guarantee.
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