CN101466035B - Method for distributing video image set bit based on H.264 - Google Patents
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Abstract
A bit distribution method of groups of video pictures based on H.264 is applied to a video picture encoder which controls the code rate of video stream encoded in real time. The method comprises the following steps: A. the approximation of the quantization parameter mean QPm of a first frame in the video stream GOP is estimated and set as QPi; B. the frame I in the video stream GOP is encoded; C.the present output code rate is calculated; D. according to the code rate calculated in the step C, the QP value of the subsequent frame B or P is adjusted; E. the frame B or P is encoded; F. when the video stream is not over, the step C is executed once again; G. the video stream is over. According to the target code rate and the complexity of the picture contents, the bit distribution method reasonably determines a quantization parameter of the first frame in the groups of video pictures, thus carrying out the bit distribution on the groups of pictures; under the circumstance of one-time encoding, the optimization of the rate distortion can be well realized and the quality of the pictures is relatively stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the encoding and decoding technique of field of video compression, relate in particular to a kind of image sets Bit distribution method based on H.264.Be used for the video flowing of real-time coding is carried out Rate Control.
Background technology
For real-time video communication,, need control the code check of video coding, to guarantee the smooth transmission of video code flow and making full use of of channel width because communication channel bandwidth is limited.At different application scenarios, the strategy of various code rate control is arranged in the prior art.So-called Rate Control is exactly a parameter of dynamically adjusting encoder, to obtain target bit.It is video image group (GOP:Group Of Picture), image or the certain bit of subimage distribution in the video sequence.GOP is one group of image with stronger temporal correlation, and a GOP contains the frame of I frame, P frame, three kinds of forms of B frame usually, line up shape as:
IBBPBBPBBPBBPBBPBBPBBPBBPBBPBBPBBP......... pattern.Wherein, the I frame is an original image, and P frame and B frame then write down the variation of present frame with respect to the I frame.Whole video stream is made of a plurality of GOP.
Existing support is the encoder of standard H.264, mainly is to carry out Rate Control by adjusting quantization parameter (QP:Quantisation Parameter).In fact, quantization parameter QP has reflected the compression situation of image detail, if quantization parameter QP is less, then image its most details after compression all can be retained, thereby makes video code flow bigger, and code check is just high; Otherwise if quantization parameter QP is bigger, video codes fails to be convened for lack of a quorum smaller, and code check is just low, but picture quality also significantly descends thereupon.That is to say quantization parameter QP and the code check relation of being inversely proportional to.
When carrying out Rate Control, also need to consider the problem of rate-distortion optimization (RDO:RateDistortion Optimized).So-called rate-distortion optimization is exactly in brief under the situation of the equal code check of output, and the distortion level of the picture quality after compressing is reduced as much as possible.
But existing problem is, H.264 standard is used for Rate Control and rate-distortion optimization simultaneously with quantization parameter QP, this has just caused the laying hen antinomy: for present frame is carried out RDO, need utilize the QP of present frame, just and the QP of present frame can only can decide behind RDO.The way that solves is nothing but to carry out coding 2 times.But do like this, the overload of power of encoder obviously is inapplicable for the occasion that needs real-time coding.
Therefore, the H.264 encoder of main flow in the prior art is needing the occasion of real-time coding at present, all is to adopt coding one time.At this moment, the key of Rate Control problem just concentrates on the Bit Allocation in Discrete of GOP.
Such as, the present H.264 encoder-x264 of the main flow of using, the way when GOP of compression is just quite simple: according to the code check of user's appointment, the bigger QP I frame of encoding is set, then according to the over-expense or the surplus situation of code check at that time, the QP of follow-up each frame is regulated.The shortcoming of compression result is clearly: picture quality has tangible saltus step in several seconds of beginning, and promptly the non-constant of the some frame image quality in front just takes a turn for the better subsequently.
From the method for x264, as can be seen, in a cataloged procedure, to realize that Rate Control is not so difficult, if but in Rate Control, to take into account RDO, problem just has suitable challenge.Whether be to realize that preferably RDO reaches the judge to video flowing distortion situation under the situation of a coding, mostly is the subjective judgements that depend on human eye.
After deliberation, in numerous subjective assessment rules, the most important with the stability of picture quality to video flowing.In other words, be exactly that the observer is the most responsive to the in-and-out variation of video frame images quality.Particularly be in the image among the same GOP, because scene is closely similar, the difference of picture quality can be captured by human eye at once.
Therefore, the shortcoming of above-mentioned x264 encoder bit rate control method: picture quality has tangible saltus step in several seconds of beginning, and promptly the non-constant of the some frame image quality in front just takes a turn for the better subsequently, is actually a very fatal weakness.
And continuity and stability in order to guarantee picture quality, the words of all using identical QP to compress to all frames of same GOP, also can go wrong, because type of coding, picture material between frame and the frame all have nothing in common with each other, if use identical QP to compress, compress the code stream size of coming out so and also can have nothing in common with each other, this will cause video code rate out of control, and the picture quality fluctuation is bigger.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to fill up the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of image sets Bit distribution method based on is H.264 proposed, method of the present invention is according to the complexity of target bit rate and picture material, more reasonably determine the quantization parameter of video image group (GOP:Group Of Picture) first frame (I frame), thereby realize the Bit Allocation in Discrete of image sets, reach the balance of target bit rate and picture quality.
Overcome the shortcoming of x264, just will guarantee the continuity and the stability of picture quality.Desirable method is, all uses identical QP to compress to all frames of same GOP.In fact this is unworkable: because frame is all different with type of coding, picture material between the frame, the code stream size of using same QP to compress out is also different, and this will cause code check out of control.
The key of head it off is: can be before GOP of compression, estimate mean value QPm more exactly with the quantization parameter of whole GOP.
In fact, QPm is a real number.Because real number QP is nonsensical in standard H.264, so QPm herein is meant round off the result after rounding to real number QPm.
Estimated value to integer QPm is designated as QPi.
If as the QPi of the quantization parameter of GOP first frame enough near QPm, and when coding according to the code check situation of output code flow, allow the QP of each frame fluctuate at QPi.Like this, just can guarantee that code check is controlled, the picture quality difference of interframe is reduced.
This patent method can be calculated QPi exactly, thereby has realized the balance of Rate Control and rate-distortion optimization preferably.
The present invention realizes by adopting following technical scheme:
Implement a kind of method for distributing video image set bit based on H.264, be applied to the video flowing of real-time coding is carried out especially, comprising the steps: in the encoding video pictures device of Rate Control
The approximation of the quantization parameter mean value QPm of A, estimation video flowing GOP first frame is made as QPi;
B, the I frame among the video flowing GOP is encoded;
The code check of C, the current output of statistical computation;
D, the code check that is calculated according to step C are to follow-up B frame or P framing control quantization parameter QP value;
E, B frame or P frame are encoded;
F, when video flowing does not finish, then execution in step C again;
G, video flowing finish.
In the said method, the integer value of the quantization parameter mean value QPm in the described steps A for real number being rounded off after rounding.
In the said method, described steps A is made as Qstepi by the quantization step of first frame of GOP is calculated, and correspondence is obtained QPi one by one then, and step is as follows:
A-1, the target bit rate of establishing user's appointment are Br, and the frame per second of establishing user's appointment is Fr, calculates the average byte numerical value of every frame, is made as FB, and computing formula is as follows:
The edge summation ES of A-2, calculating GOP first two field picture;
A-3, establish quantification
A-4, search the H.264 relation table of standard, search out immediate quantization step Qstepi with QS;
A-5, use Qstepi search the H.264 relation table of standard once more, draw QPi.
In the said method, in the less application of the interframe variation of similar video conference image, the value of described empirical coefficient is 0.63.
In the said method, described edge summation ES calculates with the horizontal vertical calculus of finite differences of single order differential.Or described edge summation ES calculates with the horizontal vertical calculus of finite differences of second-order differential.
In the said method, described steps A-5 is to search the H.264 relation table of standard, finds out the index of Qstepi, further draws QPi.
Compared with prior art, method of the present invention is according to the complexity of target bit rate and picture material, reasonably determine the quantization parameter of video image group first frame, thereby carry out the Bit Allocation in Discrete of image sets, reach the balance of target bit rate and picture quality then.And the x264 of prior art always establishes the QP value of the first frame of GOP very high, reduces rapidly then, makes the quantization step of different images among the same GOP differ up to several times, and image is acutely shaken.
Method of the present invention had both realized Rate Control, also realized rate-distortion optimization preferably under the situation of a coding simultaneously, and picture quality is steady relatively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the corresponding relation of quantization parameter QP and quantization step QStep;
Fig. 2 is the main flow chart of a kind of image sets Bit distribution method based on H.264 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the calculating QPi detailed step flow chart of a kind of image sets Bit distribution method based on H.264 of the present invention;
The schematic diagram that QP changed when Fig. 4 was a kind of image sets Bit distribution method compression bridge_far video based on H.264 of the present invention;
The schematic diagram that QP changed when Fig. 5 was prior art x264 compression bridge_far video;
The schematic diagram that QP changed when Fig. 6 was a kind of image sets Bit distribution method compression hall_monitor video based on H.264 of the present invention;
The schematic diagram that QP changed when Fig. 7 was prior art x264 compression hall_monitor video;
The schematic diagram that QP changed when Fig. 8 was a kind of image sets Bit distribution method compression paris video based on H.264 of the present invention;
The schematic diagram that QP changed when Fig. 9 was prior art x264 compression paris video.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment shown in the drawings the present invention is further described in detail.
With reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 3, implement a kind of method for distributing video image set bit based on H.264, be applied to the video flowing of real-time coding is carried out comprising the steps in the encoding video pictures device of Rate Control, see Fig. 2:
The approximation of the quantization parameter mean value QPm of A, estimation video flowing GOP first frame is made as QPi;
B, the I frame among the video flowing GOP is encoded;
The code check of C, the current output of statistical computation;
D, the code check that is calculated according to step C are to follow-up B frame or P framing control person QP value;
E, B frame or P frame are encoded;
F, when video flowing does not finish, then execution in step C again;
G, video flowing finish.
In the above-mentioned implementation method, the integer value of the quantization parameter mean value QPm in the described steps A for real number being rounded off after rounding.
The core of above-mentioned steps is a steps A, i.e. the algorithm of the approximation QPi of QPm.Be described in detail as follows:
In standard H.264, quantization parameter QP is the index value of used step-length qstep when quantizing in fact, that is to say that there are relation one to one in QP and qstep, and the form with a relation table in standard H.264 occurs.Know QP, just can table look-up obtains corresponding qstep; In like manner, also can find QP by qstep.This patent method is the quantization step qstepi that calculates first frame of GOP earlier, tables look-up and asks QPi.
The complexity (degree of enriching that refers to details) of the value of qstepi and target bit rate, picture material is relevant with three aspects of motion conditions of interframe.Wherein, target bit rate is specified by the user of encoder; Image complexity can be represented with the edge of image total amount; The motion conditions of interframe was then had no way of learning before coding, can only be pre-determined an empirical coefficient C.The value of C is different in response to using, such as: video conference and film-on-demand are two kinds of different application, and the interframe movement of video conference image is less, thereby the C value is less; And the interframe movement of film is comparatively frequent and violent, and the C value is also correspondingly bigger.
In the above-mentioned implementation method, described steps A is made as Qstepi by the quantization step of first frame of GOP is calculated, and correspondence is obtained QPi one by one then, and step is as follows, sees Fig. 3:
A-1, the target bit rate of establishing user's appointment are Br, and the frame per second of establishing user's appointment is Fr, calculates the average byte numerical value of every frame, is made as FB, and computing formula is as follows:
The edge summation ES of A-2, calculating GOP first two field picture;
A-3, establish quantification
A-4, search the H.264 relation table of standard, search out immediate quantization step Qstepi with QS.
A-5, use Qstepi search the H.264 relation table of standard once more, draw QPi.
Wherein, br is a target bit rate, and unit is bps (bps), and fr is a frame per second, and unit is frame/second (fps).
By the knowledge of Digital Image Processing as can be known, the degree of enriching of image detail can be represented by image edge information.Therefore the edge summation ES of our computed image comes the complexity of presentation video content with its size.
In the above-mentioned implementation method, described interframe in similar video conference changes in the less application, and the value of C is 0.63.
In the above-mentioned implementation method, described edge summation ES calculates with the horizontal vertical calculus of finite differences of single order differential.Or described edge summation ES calculates with the horizontal vertical calculus of finite differences of second-order differential.
Further, described steps A-5 is to search the H.264 relation table of standard, finds out the index of Qstepi, further draws QPi.
This patent method can estimate QPm comparatively exactly, guarantees that not only code check is controlled, and the QP of whole video stream fluctuates at QPm all the time, has realized the stability of picture quality preferably.
In order to prove this point, this patent method and x264 have been carried out control experiment: at code check is 80kbps, under the situation of frame per second 25fps, and selected 3 video files, frame number is 250 frames.
Usually, in video conference application, scene changes not too greatly, and at this moment the representative value of the contained picture number of GOP is 250.Use this method (below be referred to as new) and x264 to compress respectively, result of experiment sees the following form:
| Filename | Complexity (ES) | Compression method | Average QP (QPm | Minimum QP | Maximum QP | The QP distance |
| ?bridge_far | 8973 | new | 28 | 27 | 30 | 3 |
| x264 | 29 | 28 | 42 | 14 | ? | ? |
| ?hall_monitor | 26170 | new | 34 | 32 | 36 | 4 |
| |
34 | 33 | 47 | 14 | ? | ? |
| ?Paris | 39763 | new | 40 | 37 | 43 | 6 |
| |
40 | 38 | 51 | 13 | ? | ? |
Data in the his-and-hers watches are analyzed, and are not difficult to find out the similarity of two kinds of methods:
(1) average QP is close even identical, and the target that the two can both realize Rate Control is described.
(2) minimum QP is close even identical, and approaching with average QP, illustrates that the two after the coding beginning, through adjustment after a while, finally can both find the QP value of balanced code rate and picture quality.
And the difference of the two is:
(1) the maximum QP value of x264 is generally big by about 12 than mean value.The maximum QP of new method is then big by 3 than average QP at most.
(2) distance of the QP maximum of x264 and minimum value is more than 13, and the distance of new then is no more than 6.
Preamble is by the agency of: the QP value is big more, and picture quality is poor more.The QP value is the index of quantization step, representative be the value of quantization step; In standard H.264, the QP value whenever differs 6, just means that quantization step differs 2 times.As seen, in this experiment, x264 makes the quantization step of different images among the same GOP differ up to 4 times, and the shake of picture quality is violent.
In fact, x264 always establishes the QP value of the first frame of GOP very high, reduces rapidly then, and therefore the video after the compression is in the incipient stage of each GOP, and the fluctuation of its picture quality is all very obvious.New then can make QPi near QPm, thereby in compression at the beginning, has just realized the balance of Rate Control and stable image quality.
For this point is described better, provide below experiment record the QP situation of change of each GOP.
The frame sequential among the GOP is represented in comparison as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, horizontal coordinate, and vertical coordinate is represented the QP value of corresponding frame.Horizontal linear among the figure is represented average quantisation parameter QPm, and QPi then is the quantization parameter of GOP first frame that is I frame.When the bridge_far video, contrast two block graphicses as can be seen, the GOP after the x264 compression, always there is violent shake in picture quality in the incipient stage, and the GOP after the method for the present invention compression, picture quality is then much steady relatively.This mainly has benefited from the value that this patent algorithm can estimate QPm comparatively exactly.
The frame sequential among the GOP is represented in comparison as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, horizontal coordinate, and vertical coordinate is represented the QP value of corresponding frame.Horizontal linear among the figure is represented average quantisation parameter QPm, and QPi then is the quantization parameter of GOP first frame that is I frame.When the hall_monitor video, contrast two block graphicses as can be seen, the GOP after the x264 compression, always there is violent shake in picture quality in the incipient stage, and the GOP after the method for the present invention compression, picture quality is then much steady relatively.This mainly has benefited from the value that this patent algorithm can estimate QPm comparatively exactly.
As Fig. 8 and comparison shown in Figure 9, horizontal coordinate is represented the frame sequential among the GOP, and vertical coordinate is represented the QP value of corresponding frame.Horizontal linear among the figure is represented average quantisation parameter QPm, and QPi then is the quantization parameter of GOP first frame that is I frame.When the paris video, contrast two block graphicses as can be seen, the GOP after the x264 compression, always there is violent shake in picture quality in the incipient stage, and the GOP after the method for the present invention compression, picture quality is then much steady relatively.This mainly has benefited from the value that this patent algorithm can estimate QPm comparatively exactly.
Undoubtedly, method of the present invention had both realized Rate Control, also realized rate-distortion optimization preferably under the situation of a coding simultaneously.
Above content be in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation to further describing that the present invention did, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. one kind based on H.264 method for distributing video image set bit, is applied to the video flowing of real-time coding is carried out it is characterized in that in the encoding video pictures device of Rate Control, comprises the steps:
The approximation of the quantization parameter mean value QPm of A, estimation video flowing GOP first frame is made as QPi;
B, the I frame among the video flowing GOP is encoded;
The code check of C, the current output of statistical computation;
D, the code check that is calculated according to step C are to follow-up B frame or P framing control quantization parameter QP value;
E, B frame or P frame are encoded;
F, when video flowing does not finish, then execution in step C again;
G, video flowing finish;
The integer value of quantization parameter mean value QPm in the described steps A for real number being rounded off after rounding;
Described steps A is made as Qstepi by the quantization step of first frame of GOP is calculated, and correspondence is obtained QPi one by one then, and step is as follows:
A-1, the target bit rate of establishing user's appointment are Br, and the frame per second of establishing user's appointment is Fr, calculates the average byte numerical value of every frame, is made as FB, and computing formula is as follows:
The edge summation ES of A-2, calculating GOP first two field picture;
A-3, establish quantification
A-4, search the H.264 relation table of standard, search out immediate quantization step Qstepi with QS;
A-5, use Qstepi search the H.264 relation table of standard once more, draw QPi.
2. a kind of method for distributing video image set bit based on H.264 as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the interframe in similar video conference image changes in the less application, and the value of described empirical coefficient is 0.63.
3. a kind of method for distributing video image set bit based on H.264 as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described edge summation ES calculates with the horizontal vertical calculus of finite differences of single order differential.
4. a kind of method for distributing video image set bit based on H.264 as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described edge summation ES calculates with the horizontal vertical calculus of finite differences of second-order differential.
5. a kind of method for distributing video image set bit based on H.264 as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described steps A-5 is to search the H.264 relation table of standard, finds out the index of Qstepi, further draws QPi.
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| CN102045572B (en) * | 2009-10-22 | 2012-07-25 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Video data coding method and coding device |
| CN102148984B (en) * | 2010-02-08 | 2015-01-21 | 北京中星微电子有限公司 | Method and equipment for regulating joint photographic expert group (JPEG) coding rate |
| CN101854520A (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2010-10-06 | 广东中大讯通信息有限公司 | Wireless transmission video monitoring system and method |
| CN101917614B (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2012-07-04 | 北京邮电大学 | Bit rate control method based on H.264 hierarchical B-frame coding structure |
| CN102420980B (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2014-08-27 | 深圳市融创天下科技股份有限公司 | Frame-layer and macroblock-layer quantization parameter adjusting method and system |
| CN102457728B (en) * | 2010-10-27 | 2013-12-25 | 杭州华三通信技术有限公司 | Method and device for video image encoding |
| CN102006472A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-04-06 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Video bitrate control system and method thereof |
| CN102427529B (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-07-03 | 北京暴风科技股份有限公司 | Video coding and compressing method |
| CN103281532B (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2016-09-21 | 深圳市云宙多媒体技术有限公司 | A kind of quantization method of adjustment based on motion strength detection and system |
| CN107040788B (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2019-09-17 | 南京云岩信息科技有限公司 | A kind of video-frequency compression method and device |
| CN106412503B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2019-09-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Image processing method and device |
| WO2018184189A1 (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2018-10-11 | 天彩电子（深圳）有限公司 | Adaptive code rate adjustment method and system thereof |
| CN111193927B (en) | 2018-11-14 | 2022-09-23 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Encoded data processing method, apparatus, computer device and storage medium |
| CN111385576B (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-08-10 | 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 | Video coding method and device, mobile terminal and storage medium |
| CN110971900A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-04-07 | 杭州当虹科技股份有限公司 | Code rate control method suitable for 4K and 8K ultrahigh-definition motion flat video |
| CN112243129B (en) * | 2020-10-15 | 2022-10-11 | 北京达佳互联信息技术有限公司 | Video data processing method and device, computer equipment and storage medium |
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