CN101441198A - Ultrasonic wave detection method of wind tunnel body structure butt-jointed seam - Google Patents
Ultrasonic wave detection method of wind tunnel body structure butt-jointed seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN101441198A CN101441198A CNA200810227579XA CN200810227579A CN101441198A CN 101441198 A CN101441198 A CN 101441198A CN A200810227579X A CNA200810227579X A CN A200810227579XA CN 200810227579 A CN200810227579 A CN 200810227579A CN 101441198 A CN101441198 A CN 101441198A
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Abstract
A method for ultrasonic detection of butt welding joint of wind tunnel body, comprises designing hand specimen according to the structure of fusion-welded T-shaped welding joint of the wind tunnel fore-chamber ring connection flange and calibrating the ultrasonic detector; selecting appropriate probe and detection process; detecting by tip diffraction wave method, and verifying by 6dB method and tip maximum echo method; analyzing verified tip reflection wave and tip maximum echo, identifying diffraction echo, and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the internal defects of the butt welding joint. By using the invention, the qualitative and quantitative analysis for the welding defects of the fusion-welded T-shaped welding joint of the wind tunnel fore-chamber ring connection flange can be realized, and positioning accuracy for plane position of the detected defect can reach +/-2mm, and the positioning accuracy of vertical position can reach +/-2mm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aerospace system test with wind tunnel body structure butt-weld defects detection, belong to the ultrasound examination field.
Background technology
At present, mainly adopt ray and ultrasonic detection technology for the detection of steel running down weldering butt-weld inherent vice both at home and abroad.In manufacturing process, wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint can adopt radiographic X method to detect inherent vice, but because the influence of structure can't realize 100% covering, has certain blind area; The wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down of making after being shaped is welded T type welding joint because structure and environmental limit can't be carried out ray detection.Concrete condition at wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint adopts ultrasonic detection technology, but this class formation as shown in Figure 1, but detection faces is few and little, and there is not the characterization processes of similar structures can be for reference, adopt ultrasonic detection technology to detect internal defects and can not carry out quantitative test, locate also out of true.
Ultrasound examination defective oneself height has three kinds of methods:
1. 6dB method: as starting point, mobile acoustic beam makes it to depart from the defective edge with the maximum echo in end place, until the high 6dB that reduces of echo, measures the defective oneself height according to Probe index position, acoustic beam angle, sound path length again;
2. end points diffracted wave method: determine the defective oneself height by difference time delay between the defective two-end-point diffraction echo;
3. the maximum echo method of ultrasonic end: the peak value echo with the defective two ends is a basic point, measures the defective oneself height according to position, sound path, the refraction angle of incidence point.
Steel running down weldering open joint weld defects mainly contains pore, slag inclusion (point-like, strip), lack of penetration, incomplete fusion, crackle.Generally pore, slag inclusion are classified as the volumetric defective; The lack of penetration linear discontinuities that is classified as; Incomplete fusion, crackle are classified as the planarity defective.
The theoretical waveform of steel running down weldering open joint weld defects
1. volumetric defect theory echo character (slag inclusion that comprises ganoid pore and surface imperfection)
As shown in Figure 3, echo amplitude is less, and when different directions, different angles scanning, its echo height is basic identical.During all around scanning, it is identical for its echo dynamic waveform, a peak, and slick and sly decline, as shown in Figure 4.
2. the theoretical echo character (lack of penetration) of linear discontinuities:
During depth scan, its echo shows the echo character of volume defect; During lateral scan, two or more high points are arranged, tangible indicating length is arranged as shown in Figure 5.When rotation and Swivel scan, echo height is descending rapidly with perpendicular direction both sides, defective plane, as shown in Figure 6.
3. plane defect theory echo character (as crackle, planar incomplete fusion)
About, during depth scan, the dynamic waveform of echo is similar to linear discontinuities or volumetric defective.Ganoid defective is rotated and during Swivel scan, with the both sides of the perpendicular direction in defective plane as shown in Figure 4, echo height descends rapidly.When shaggy defective is rotated scanning, show staggered the variation as shown in Figure 7 of wave amplitude of dynamic waveform, be similar to volume shape defective; And when making Swivel scan, all irregular with the variation of defective plane perpendicular direction echo on both sides height, echo amplitude alters a great deal usually, as shown in Figure 8.
4. intensive defect theory echo character (crackle, pore, slag inclusion etc. more or simultaneously exist)
During lateral scan, the waveform of echo as shown in Figure 9, the envelope that forms during scanning is as shown in figure 10.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of ultrasonic detection method of energy quantitative and qualitative analysis wind tunnel body structure butt seam welding seam defect is provided.
Technical solution of the present invention is: the method for a kind of wind tunnel body structure abutment joint weld seam ultrasound examination is characterized in that realizing through the following steps:
According to shape, the thickness of wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint, size and welded structure are made artificial sample, utilize artificial sample calibration supersonic reflectoscope;
(2) but the thickness of the T type welding joint that detects according to actual needs and detection faces are selected probe and characterization processes;
(3) determine to judge wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint defective quantitative line, evaluate line and declare scrap wire;
(4) probe and the characterization processes of utilizing step (2) to select adopts end points diffracted wave method that the defective of wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint is carried out ultrasound examination;
(5) with the maximum echo method of 6dB method and end the defective of the wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint of step (4) detection is verified;
(6) the end points reflection wave that step (4) and (5) are drawn, the maximum echo in end and end points diffraction echo and theoretical waveforms contrast, are evaluated line and are declared scrap wire wind tunnel body structure butt-weld inherent vice is judged the definite quantitative line of integrating step (3).
Described step (2) is selected straight probe of single crystal for use directly over wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint weld seam, select the monocrystalline angle probe for use in the weld seam side.
Described straight probe of single crystal frequency wafer diameter is not more than 14mm, straight probe of single crystal scanning in weld seam and heat-affected zone during detection.
The probe beam axis offset angle of described monocrystalline angle probe is not more than 2 °, the monocrystalline angle probe needs at the zigzag scan Z of weld seam both sides work perpendicular to weld seam during detection, each spacing that moves is not more than wafer diameter, does 10 °～15 ° rotations in moving process.
Described monocrystalline angle probe, when surveying thickness 15～20mm, monocrystalline angle probe angle is 60 °～72 °, the K value is K2.0～K3.0, surveys thickness at 20～30mm, and monocrystalline angle probe angle is 56 °～68 °, the K value is K1.5～K2.5, and K is a monocrystalline angle probe parameter.
In the described step (3) quantitatively line, evaluate line and declare determining of scrap wire: the monocrystalline angle probe, the curve gain 5dB that the CSK-IIIA test block that supersonic wave test instrument measurement tester carries produces is for declaring scrap wire, the curve decay 3dB that produces is quantitative line, and the curve decay 9dB of generation is the evaluation line; Straight probe of single crystal, the evaluation line is a φ 2mm flat-bottom hole, and quantitatively line is a φ 3mm flat-bottom hole, and declaring scrap wire is φ 4mm flat-bottom hole.
The present invention compared with prior art beneficial effect is:
(1) the present invention determine measurement wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint the time technology, can realize T type welding joint weld defects is welded in annular joint flange running down to the wind-tunnel cup location, quantitative test;
(2) the present invention calibrates supersonic reflectoscope by making artificial exemplar, makes supersonic reflectoscope can reflect the truth of abutment joint weld seam more accurately in actual side examination;
(3) the defective planimetric position bearing accuracy of the present invention's detection can reach ± 2mm, and the upright position bearing accuracy can reach ± 2mm.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welded joint structure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the artificial sample structure figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is weld seam volumetric defect theory echo character figure;
The theoretical dynamic waveform figure that the volumetric defective formed when Fig. 4 was mobile probe;
The theoretical dynamic waveform figure that linear discontinuities formed when Fig. 5 popped one's head in for move left and right;
The theoretical dynamic waveform figure that linear discontinuities formed when Fig. 6 was rotation and Swivel scan;
Fig. 7 is the plane defect theory echo character of weld seam figure;
The theoretical dynamic waveform figure that plane defective formed when Fig. 8 was mobile probe;
Fig. 9 is intensive defect theory echo character figure;
The theoretical dynamic waveform figure that the intensive defective formed when Figure 10 was mobile probe;
Figure 11 is wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint detection faces synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Figure 12 is a process chart of the present invention;
Figure 13 is an actual detected volumetric defective waveform;
Figure 14 is actual detected volumetric defective dynamic waveform figure;
Figure 15 is an actual detected linear discontinuities waveform;
Figure 16 is actual detected linear discontinuities dynamic waveform figure;
Figure 17 is an actual detected intensive defective waveform;
Intensive defective dynamic waveform figure when Figure 18 is the actual detected mobile probe;
Figure 19 is an actual detected area defective waveform;
Area defective dynamic waveform figure when Figure 20 is the actual detected mobile probe.
Embodiment
During ultrasound examination, weld seam both sides probes turnover zone scope planted agent remove splash, crator, welding slag, oxide skin etc., and surfaceness answers the coincidence detection requirement, generally should be Ra≤6.3 μ m.Select A type pulse reflection supersonic reflectoscope for use, its operating frequency range is 1～5MHz, and the horizontal linearity error is not more than 1%, and the vertical linearity error is not more than 5%.Couplant can be selected chemical paste, machine oil, glycerine.
Technological process of the present invention as shown in figure 12,
1, according to the structure and the geometric condition of wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint, make artificial sample, artificial exemplar reflects the actual conditions of wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint as far as possible; Artificial sample as shown in Figure 2, material is 20
#Steel, thickness are 30～35mm.Artificial sample is simulated the structure of actual joint, can reduce detection to actual wind-tunnel welding joint to the detection of artificial sample, the horizontal linearity and the vertical linearity that are used to regulate ultrasonic equipment.
2, but the thickness of the T type welding joint that detects according to actual needs and detection faces are selected suitable probe and characterization processes, determine quantitative line, evaluate line and declare scrap wire.
Select straight probe of single crystal for use directly over wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint weld seam, straight probe of single crystal frequency wafer diameter is not more than 14mm, straight probe of single crystal scanning in weld seam and heat-affected zone during detection.Select the monocrystalline angle probe for use in the weld seam side, the probe beam axis offset angle of monocrystalline angle probe is not more than 2 °, and the Main beam vertical direction does not have significantly bimodal.The probe K value is selected and should be met: survey thickness at 15mm～20mm, selecting head angle is 60 °～72 ° (K2.0～K3.0); Survey thickness at 20～30mm, (K2.5～K1.5), K is a probe parameter to select head angle to be 68 °～56 °.When angle probe detected, probe needed at the zigzag scan Z of weld seam both sides work perpendicular to weld seam, and each spacing that moves is not more than wafer diameter, did 10 °～15 ° rotations simultaneously in moving process.
When adopting angle probe to survey, the sensitivity of distance-amplitude curve should be determined with table 1; When adopting normal probe to survey, the sensitivity of distance-amplitude curve should be determined to press table 2.
The sensitivity of table 1 angle probe distance-amplitude curve
| The test block pattern | The evaluation line | Quantitative line | Declare scrap wire |
| CSK-IIIA | φ1×6-9dB | φ1×6-3dB | φ1×6+5dB |
Wherein, judge that line also claims the scanning line, the curve that occurs in the ultrasound examination process is higher than when judging line, prompting the testing staff note, might have defective herein, will constantly change the probe orientation scanning during detection, do not exceed quantitative line as the curve that detects, the expression weld is accepted; Quantitatively line is determined the size of detection curve equivalent, does not surpass if detection curve surpasses quantitative line and declares scrap wire, will detect the length of defective along bead direction, and the length overshoot value of defective judges that weld seam exceeds standard defective; If detection curve exceeds and declares scrap wire to assert directly that then weld seam exceeds standard defective.
The sensitivity of table 2 normal probe distance-amplitude curve
| The evaluation line | Quantitative line | Declare scrap wire |
| φ 2mm flat-bottom hole | φ 3mm flat-bottom hole | φ 4mm flat-bottom hole |
When adopting normal probe to detect, utilize the big flat adjusting sensitivity of workpiece, regulate the gain of instrument, making the Bottom echo height is 80% of supersonic wave test instrument screen, the numerical value Δ of record gain
1, after the discovery flaw echo, flaw echo is adjusted to 80% of supersonic wave test instrument screen, note the numerical value Δ of gain this moment
2, obtain the numerical value of Df according to formula (1), judge relatively with the data in the table 2 whether defective exceeds standard.
Wherein, λ=c/f, X are depth of defect, X
BBe thickness of workpiece, c is a longitudinal wave velocity, and f is a frequency probe, and Df is a Defect Equivalent.
The value of Df is less than judging the fixed φ 2mm of wire gauge, the expression weld is accepted; Df is greater than judging line, and prompting the testing staff note, might have defective herein, do not exceed quantitative line φ 3mm as Df, the expression weld is accepted; If Df surpasses quantitative line and above declaring scrap wire φ 4mm, will detect the length of defective along bead direction, the length overshoot value of defective judges that weld seam exceeds standard defective; If Df exceeds and declares scrap wire to assert directly that then weld seam exceeds standard defective.
The detection of wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint should be taken into account the possibility that detects all kinds of defectives when selecting detection faces and probe, weld reinforcement polishes the back and carries out parallel scan along bead direction, adopt in the weld seam both sides all around, corner, around etc. basic mode carry out scanning and make acoustic beam as far as possible perpendicular to the major defect in this welded joint structure.
3, adopt end points diffracted wave method that the defective of wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint is carried out ultrasound examination; During measurement, find flaw echo earlier, mobile probe makes upper extreme point reflection echo or the lower extreme point reflection echo of acoustic beam center scanning to defective then.Move forward and backward probe, on the oscillography screen, can be observed this moment before next-door neighbour's upper extreme point reflection wave or the upper extreme point diffracted wave (the instrument display depth is H1) or the lower extreme point diffracted wave (the instrument display depth is H2) that occur after the lower extreme point reflection wave.Distance, delta H=H2-H1 between upper extreme point diffracted wave and the lower extreme point diffracted wave is exactly the oneself height of defective.
4, detect example:
1) with the K2 frequency be the angle probe of 2.5MHz to survey thickness from detection faces 1 be the workpiece of 30mm, as Figure 11 position 2.When adopting all around scanning, its echo waveform as shown in figure 13, the envelope that forms during scanning can be judged as the volumetric defective as shown in figure 14, the instrument display defect degree of depth is 15mm, surpasses that to declare scrap wire be excessive defect.
2) with the K2 frequency be the angle probe of 2.5MHz to survey thickness from detection faces 2 be the workpiece of 30mm, as Figure 11 position 3.When adopting all around scanning, its echo waveform as shown in figure 15, the envelope that forms during scanning can be judged as linear discontinuities as shown in figure 16, the instrument display defect degree of depth is 12mm, length is 25mm, surpasses that to declare scrap wire be excessive defect.
3) with the K2 frequency be the angle probe of 2.5MHz to survey thickness from detection faces 2 be the workpiece of 30mm, as Figure 11 position 2.When adopting all around scanning, its echo waveform as shown in figure 17, the envelope that forms during scanning can be judged as the intensive defective as shown in figure 18, the instrument display defect degree of depth is 20mm, length is 40mm, surpasses that to declare scrap wire be excessive defect.
4) with diameter 14mm frequency be the normal probe of 2.5MHz to survey thickness from detection faces 1 be the workpiece of 30mm, as Figure 11 position 1.When adopting lateral scan, its echo waveform as shown in figure 19, the envelope that forms during scanning is as shown in figure 20, can be judged as the area-type defective, the instrument display defect degree of depth is 23mm, and calculating Defect Equivalent Df according to formula (1) is 4.5mm, is excessive defect above declaring scrap wire.
The unspecified part of the present invention belongs to general knowledge as well known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of method of wind tunnel body structure butt-weld ultrasound examination is characterized in that realizing through the following steps:
(1) according to shape, the thickness of wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint, size and welded structure are made artificial sample, utilize artificial sample calibration supersonic reflectoscope;
(2) but the thickness of the T type welding joint that detects according to actual needs and detection faces are selected probe and characterization processes;
(3) determine to judge wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint defective quantitative line, evaluate line and declare scrap wire;
(4) probe and the characterization processes of utilizing step (2) to select adopts end points diffracted wave method that the defective of wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint is carried out ultrasound examination;
(5) with the maximum echo method of 6dB method and end the defective of the wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint of step (4) detection is verified;
(6) the end points reflection wave that step (4) and (5) are drawn, the maximum echo in end and end points diffraction echo and theoretical waveforms contrast, are evaluated line and are declared scrap wire wind tunnel body structure butt-weld inherent vice is judged the definite quantitative line of integrating step (3).
2, the method for wind tunnel body structure abutment joint weld seam according to claim 1 ultrasound examination, it is characterized in that: described step (2) is selected straight probe of single crystal for use directly over wind-tunnel cup annular joint flange running down weldering T type welding joint weld seam, select the monocrystalline angle probe for use in the weld seam side.
3, the method for wind tunnel body structure abutment joint weld seam according to claim 2 ultrasound examination is characterized in that: described straight probe of single crystal frequency wafer diameter is not more than 14mm, straight probe of single crystal scanning in weld seam and heat-affected zone during detection.
4, the method for wind tunnel body structure abutment joint weld seam according to claim 2 ultrasound examination, it is characterized in that: the probe beam axis offset angle of described monocrystalline angle probe is not more than 2 °, the monocrystalline angle probe needs at the zigzag scan Z of weld seam both sides work perpendicular to weld seam during detection, each spacing that moves is not more than wafer diameter, does 10 °～15 ° rotations in moving process.
5, according to the method for claim 2 or 4 described wind tunnel body structure abutment joint weld seam ultrasound examinations, it is characterized in that: described monocrystalline angle probe, when surveying thickness 15～20mm, monocrystalline angle probe angle is 60 °～72 °, the K value is K2.0～K3.0, surveys thickness at 20～30mm, and monocrystalline angle probe angle is 56 °～68 °, the K value is K1.5～K2.5, and K is a monocrystalline angle probe parameter.
6, the method for wind tunnel body structure abutment joint weld seam according to claim 1 ultrasound examination, it is characterized in that: in the described step (3) quantitatively line, evaluate line and declare determining of scrap wire: the monocrystalline angle probe, the curve gain 5dB that the CSK-IIIA test block that supersonic wave test instrument measurement tester carries produces is for declaring scrap wire, the curve decay 3dB that produces is quantitative line, and the curve decay 9dB of generation is the evaluation line; Straight probe of single crystal, the evaluation line is a φ 2mm flat-bottom hole, and quantitatively line is a φ 3mm flat-bottom hole, and declaring scrap wire is φ 4mm flat-bottom hole.
7, the method for wind tunnel body structure abutment joint weld seam according to claim 1 ultrasound examination, it is characterized in that: the artificial sample in the described step (1), material are steel, thickness is 30～35mm.
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