CN101394648A - Terminal preamble sending method in time division duplexing system - Google Patents

Terminal preamble sending method in time division duplexing system Download PDF

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CN101394648A
CN101394648A CNA2007101498461A CN200710149846A CN101394648A CN 101394648 A CN101394648 A CN 101394648A CN A2007101498461 A CNA2007101498461 A CN A2007101498461A CN 200710149846 A CN200710149846 A CN 200710149846A CN 101394648 A CN101394648 A CN 101394648A
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terminal
base station
time
zone
distance
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CN101394648B (en
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郝鹏
郁光辉
张禹强
戴谦
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Abstract

The invention discloses a sending method of terminal front in a time division duplexing system. An RACH channel only requires less guard time to reach the coverage area of the RACH channel. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, when a system is configured, determining the total guard time TGT of the random access RACH channel, and dividing a cell into a plurality of circular or annular areas according to the distance between the cell and a base station; secondly, when the front is sent by a terminal, judging the area of the terminal, and determining the front sending time corresponding to the area; and thirdly, sending the front by using the terminal at the determined sending time. By adopting the method, the method for sending the starting point of a preamble at a terminal side is determined according to the position range of the terminal in the cell; and the larger coverage area can be supported under the condition that the total length of the guard time is definite without estimating the distance between the range and the base station accurately.

Description

The sending method of terminal preamble in a kind of tdd systems
Technical field
The present invention relates to digital communicating field, relate in particular to the method for determining the terminal signaling transmitting time in TDD (Time Division Duplex, the time division duplex) system.
Background technology
LTE (Long Term Evolution, Long Term Evolution) system definition two class frame structures, wherein the second class frame structure (as shown in Figure 1) is corresponding to the Long Term Evolution of TD-SCDMA, adopts tdd mode.In the second class frame structure, each radio frames is formed (half frame) by two fields, and each field is divided into several subframes (subframe) again, and wherein subframe 0 (subframe 0) fixedly descends line data; N subframe is used to catch line data before among the subframe 1-6; a back 6-n subframe is used to descend line data (1≤n≤6); special time slot DwPTS (Downlink Pilot Time Slot; descending pilot frequency time slot) is used to transmit down-going synchronous information; GP (Guard Period; protection is at interval) be boundary belt, UpPTS (Uplink Pilot Time Slot, uplink pilot time slot) is used to transmit uplink synchronous information.Simultaneously, in order to enlarge RACH (Random Access Channel, Random Access Channel) coverage, preceding m subframe of 1-6 work song frame also can be used for catching capable synchronizing information, at this moment preceding q subframe in the remaining subframe is used for catching line data, and a back 6-m-q subframe is used to descend line data.
In the LTE system, at first carry out down-going synchronous after terminal (as the mobile phone) start by SCH (SynchronizationChannel, synchronizing channel), find the reception starting point and the cell id (CellID) of radio frames and subframe; Detect BCH (Broadcast Channel, broadcast channel) then and obtain system information, comprise the preparation information of RACH (Random Access Channel) channel; Carry out uplink synchronous by the RACH channel at last, finish the work of connecting system.In the process of uplink synchronous, the radio frames that terminal is determined during at first with down-going synchronous and the reception starting point of subframe are the position that the RACH channel is found on the basis, determine to send the starting point of leading (preamble), at random one of selection sends as preamble from available sequence then.The base station is detected with definite up timing adjustment amount preamble, and sends it to terminal.Terminal realizes up time synchronized according to the delivery time of this timing adjustment amount adjustment upward signal.
For the second class frame structure, the transmission starting point of preamble need satisfy two conditions, and promptly (1) guarantees can not produce other user's upstream data subframe when preamble reaches the base station and disturbs; Can not be subjected to the interference of other base station DwPTS signal when (2) preamble arrives the base station.First conditional request has the time interval of 2R/C between the starting position of the finish time of end preamble and next upstream data subframe, wherein R is a radius of society, and C is the light velocity.For second condition, as shown in Figure 2, the hexagon of center is represented Target cell, and outermost hexagon is represented second layer neighbor cell, hexagon in the middle of Target cell and the second layer neighbor cell is represented the ground floor neighbor cell, and the solid black round dot is represented the base station.If supposing each radius of society equates, and disturb main base station from the ground floor sub-district, be that the interference of other sub-district can be ignored beyond the ground floor sub-district, then require to receive that in base station side the time interval between finish time of the moment of preamble and DwPTS time slot is 2R/C.
For satisfying above-mentioned condition, can there be two kinds of methods to determine the transmission starting point of preamble.First method: in end side; guarantee between finish time of the starting point of preamble and DwPTS time slot and the guard time GT (Guard Time) that each has 2R/C between the zero hour of the finish time of preamble and next upstream data subframe, as shown in Figure 3.
Second method requires terminal can estimate the distance of it and base station accurately, suppose that the distance between terminal and the base station is X, then require in end side, there is first guard time of 2 (R-X)/C (promptly to equal 2R/C-2X/C between the zero hour of preamble and the finish time of DwPTS, wherein, 2R/C is the transmission delay of the DwPTS signal arrival target BS of adjacent ground floor cell base station); Second guard time (i.e. the twice that the signal one-way transmission postpones between this terminal and base station) that 2X/C was arranged between the zero hour of the finish time of preamble and next upstream data subframe, as shown in Figure 4.
For first method, need reserve the guard time of 4R/C altogether, waste is maximum.For second method, only need to reserve the guard time of 2R/C altogether, waste is minimum, but needs terminal can estimate distance between it and the base station accurately.Usually, terminal is to be difficult to estimate accurately distance between it and the base station, so generally can only take first method to determine the transmission starting point of preamble, the radius of society of RACH channel support at this moment can be expressed as (T RA-T p) C/4, wherein T pBe preamble length, T RA isThe slot length of RACH channel, T RA-T pBe RACH channel the longest obtainable guard time.By top analysis as can be seen, because the guard time that first method need be reserved is the longest, be 4R/C, so at T pWith T RANecessarily under the condition of (being that the guard time total length is certain), make and determine the preamble starting point in this way, the coverage of RACH channel is the shortest.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the sending method of terminal preamble in a kind of tdd systems, and the RACH channel only needs less guard time, coverage that can the RACH channel.
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides the sending method of terminal preamble in a kind of tdd systems, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(a) during system configuration, determine to insert at random the total guard time T of RACH channel GT, and by to the distance of base station is far and near microzonation being divided into N circular or annular zone from the near to the remote;
(b) terminal was judged own residing zone before transmission is leading, determined the leading delivery time of region correspondence;
(c) described terminal sends described leading at the described delivery time of determining.
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, and terminal supposes that this zone is X to the minimum distance of base station in the step (b) when the leading delivery time of region correspondence 1, maximum distance is X 2, C is the light velocity, and R is a radius of society, and then: first guard time between the initial moment of described leading delivery time and RACH channel time slot is more than or equal to 2 (R-X 1)/C; Described T GTPoor with described first guard time in arbitrary zone, second guard time between the finish time of promptly described leading finish time and RACH channel time slot is more than or equal to the 2X that calculates according to this zone 2/ C.
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, and when step (a) was divided, described N regional maximum distance to the base station all equated with the difference of minimum distance; Step (b) terminal adds T with the initial moment of RACH channel time slot GT* (N+1-i)/(N+1), as described leading delivery time, described i is by the regional sequence number that from far near each zone is obtained since 1 number consecutively to base station distance, 1≤i≤N.
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, and when step (a) was divided, the maximum distance that the base station is arrived in described N zone all equated with the difference of minimum distance, and is that starting point length equals described T with the initial moment of RACH channel GTTime period be divided into N+1 protection son section; In the step (b), the finish time of N+1-i protection of the leading delivery time that described terminal is determined section, described i is by the regional sequence number that from far near each zone is obtained since 1 number consecutively to base station distance, 1≤i≤N.
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, the described N and the T of configuration in the step (a) GTMeet the following conditions:
T GT ≥ 2 · ( N + 1 ) · R N · C - - - ( 1 )
Wherein C is the light velocity, and R is the radius of society of system configuration.
Further, described N gets the positive integer of the minimum that satisfies above-mentioned formula (1).
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, the process in step (b) described terminal judges oneself zone of living in may further comprise the steps: (1) described terminal is measured the received power of Primary Common Control Physical Channel, and obtains the transmitting power of the Primary Common Control Physical Channel of base station notice; (2) described terminal is according to the received power of Primary Common Control Physical Channel and the path loss between transmitting power computing terminal and the base station, and estimates distance between terminal and the base station according to propagation model and described path loss; (3) described terminal is according to the greatest path loss that allows between the minimum received power thresholding computing terminal of the transmitting power of Primary Common Control Physical Channel and Primary Common Control Physical Channel and the base station, and according to the coverage of described propagation model calculation plot; (4) described terminal is according to the terminal that calculates and the coverage of distance between the base station and sub-district, and the described N value of configuration is judged the zone at current place.
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, in the step (3), described greatest path loss is minimum received power thresholding poor of the transmitting power of Primary Common Control Physical Channel and Primary Common Control Physical Channel, and described transmitting power and minimum received power thresholding are all used the dB value representation.
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, and in the step (4), the regional number in described terminal zone of living in is
Figure A200710149846D00082
Wherein upward be the distance between described terminal and base station, dog is a radius of society,
Figure A200710149846D00083
Expression rounds downwards, and i is by the regional sequence number that from far near each zone is obtained since 1 number consecutively to base station distance, 1≤i≤N, and the described N that is divided into regional maximum distance to the base station all equates with the difference of minimum distance.
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, and the initial moment of described RACH channel time slot is the finish time of descending pilot frequency time slot in the system-frame, and be the zero hour of next upstream data subframe the finish time of described RACH channel time slot.
Further, said method also can have following characteristics, and step (a) system makes terminal know the value of N by the base station notice determined the value of N when configuration after, and when the value of the run duration N of system changed, the base station sent the message informing terminal.
Adopt method of the present invention; determine that according to the position range of terminal in the sub-district end side preamble sends the method for starting point; do not need terminal to estimate distance between it and the base station accurately; and the guard time length that needs to reserve can be supported bigger coverage under the certain condition of guard time total length between 2R/C and 4R/C.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the LTE system second class frame structure;
Fig. 2 is cell mobile communication systems cell structure figure;
Fig. 3 determines that preamble sends the schematic diagram of the conventional method one of starting point;
Fig. 4 determines that preamble sends the schematic diagram of the conventional method two of starting point;
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of method in the present embodiment;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram in microzonation zoning territory;
Fig. 7 determines in the present embodiment that preamble sends the schematic diagram of the method for starting point.
Embodiment
Present embodiment is an example with the second class frame structure of LTE, when guard time is provided with, at first should satisfy following two conditions: the first, and the preamble of a certain terminal of receiving in base station side does not produce the upstream data subframe of other terminal RACH time slot back and disturbs; The second, the preamble of this terminal is not subjected to the interference of the DwPTS signal of other terminal of ground floor cell base station.
The method of determining terminal preamble transmitting time may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 5:
Step 501, by to the distance of base station is far and near microzonation being divided into N circle or annular region from the near to the remote, each zone equates to poor (below be also referred to as regional span) of the maximum distance of base station and minimum distance;
With the terminal among the regional i is example, and 1≤i≤N supposes that this terminal can determine the zone at own place, but can not determine the exact position in this zone, then has:
If it is X that the terminal in the regional i ∈ [1, N] arrives the distance of base station, and X ∈ [ ( i - 1 ) R / N , iR / N ) , Wherein R is a radius of society.
For guaranteeing not produce interference:
(present embodiment is the finish time of DwPTS to calculate the zero hour of preamble and the initial moment of Random Access Channel time slot (may comprise GP and UpPTS); but may not be yet) between first guard time time; needing with this zone is R (i-1)/N calculating to the minimum distance of base station, first guard time should more than or equal to 2 C [ R - R ( i - 1 ) N ] , C is the light velocity;
(present embodiment is the zero hour of next upstream data subframe to calculate the finish time of preamble and the finish time of Random Access Channel time slot; may not be yet) between second guard time; needing with this zone is R*i/N calculating to the maximum distance of base station, second guard time should more than or equal to
Figure A200710149846D00103
Above-mentioned first and second guard times are obtained minimum total guard time to be equaled:
The total length T of the actual guard time that adopts GTEqual the slot length T of RACH channel RALength T with preamble PDifference, should satisfy:
T GT ≥ 2 · ( N + 1 ) · R N · C - - - ( 1 )
Obviously, T GTThe guard time 4R/C that can need reserve less than prior art.Therefore, in slot length one timing of RACH channel, enlarged the coverage of RACH channel.
As for the value of N, at the guard time T that has determined to be adopted GTAfter (total length of guard time), can select to make the positive integer of the minimum that formula (1) is set up.Certainly, N also can get bigger integer value.The value of N is big more, and the coverage that Random Access Channel is possible is big more, but the scope in the big more zone that marks off of the value of N is more little, and it is high more that terminal is estimated that the precision of its region also requires.N and T GTValue be correlated with, determine T at systems organization GTThe time, also can with the value of N as according to one of.
System has determined the value of N when configuration after, can make terminal know the value of N by the base station notice, when the value of the run duration N of system changed, the base station sends the message informing terminal.
Step 502, the length that will begin from the initial moment of Random Access Channel time slot equals total guard time T GTA period of time be divided into N+1 protection son section, as shown in Figure 7;
Radius of society averaged to divide during division of cells in step 501 and obtain, when then divided guard time this moment, the length of each protection section also equated.
Suppose T GT = 2 · ( N + 1 ) · R N · C , Then the length of each section equals
Figure A200710149846D00112
Discussed the front, first guard time should more than or equal to
Figure A200710149846D00113
Promptly comprise the N-i+1 section at least.In other words, terminal should send preamble at the end position of N-i+1 section.Like this, the hop count that comprises at second guard time of preamble after the finish time is i, and time span equals
Figure A200710149846D00114
With reference to the analysis of front, can meet the demands.
T GT > 2 · ( N + 1 ) · R N · C The time, every section length strengthens, and obviously sends by above-mentioned transmitting time, and the length of guard time also can meet the demands.
Step 503, terminal are before sending preamble, and which in N the zone of division the position of judging oneself belong to;
Terminal can be adopted in the following method for the judgement of its present position scope:
(1) terminal is measured the received power of P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel, Primary Common Control Physical Channel) channel
Figure A200710149846D00116
, receiving the P-CCPCH channel transmitting power that the base station is notified by the mode of broadcast system information
Figure A200710149846D00117
(2) terminal basis
Figure A200710149846D00118
Path loss PL between computing terminal and the base station utilizes the propagation model that disposes then, according to the distance L between PL estimation terminal and the base station;
(3) terminal is according to the P-CCPCH channel transmitting power
Figure A200710149846D00119
And the minimum received power thresholding of P-CCPCH channel
Figure A200710149846D001110
The greatest path loss PL that allows between computing terminal and the base station Max, and then utilize propagation model and this greatest path loss PL MaxThe coverage of estimating the sub-district is the R value;
(4) terminal is judged the zone at its place according to L, R and N value.
Step 504; it is positioned at regional i terminal judges; then this terminal sends preamble in the finish time of N+1-i the protection section that marks off, and as shown in Figure 7, wherein i is by the regional sequence number that from far near each zone is obtained since 1 number consecutively to base station distance.
In the above step 502 division of protection section not necessarily, terminal can directly calculate the delivery time of preamble after judging the region, the initial moment that equals RACH channel time slot adds T GT ( N + 1 - i ) N + 1 .
Under number bigger terminal of the cell area of dividing far away from the distance of base station, signal is longer from the transmission time of terminal to base station, under number less terminal of the cell area of dividing from the close together of base station, signal is shorter from the transmission time of terminal to base station, so the terminal far away from the base station sends leading from the nearer moment of DwPTS in every frame, the terminal nearer from the base station sends leading from the DwPTS moment far away in every frame, the targeting signal that terminal far away is sent from the base station like this is through the time delay of transmission, and the moment of arrival base station and the targeting signal due in difference that near terminal is sent from the base station are little.
Following specific embodiment is used for illustrating and makes the second class frame structure satisfy the step that this covering requires.The coverage of LTE system requirements sub-district reaches 100km, and this coverage that is to say the RACH channel also should reach this requirement.For the second class frame structure of LTE, the RACH channel should satisfy two following conditions, promptly the upstream data subframe of RACH time slot back is not produced interference at base station side preamble; Preamble is not subjected to the interference of the DwPTS signal of the base station in the ground floor sub-district.
Suppose that in the second class frame structure, guard time is the longest to be 866us, promptly GP, UpPTS, these three time slots of subframe1 (as shown in Figure 1) all are used as guard time.Guard time is that the slot time of Random Access Channel deducts leading time, and the slot time of Random Access Channel can be the slot time sum of GP, UpPTS, subframe1, subframe2, subframe3, subframe4.What should specify is that the present invention does not limit the occurrence of long guard time, different settings can be arranged when different systems, and can set in conjunction with the number of regions N that the sub-district may mark off.Following number of cells N is exemplary equally, can not be used to limit scope of the present invention.
At first, can obtain by formula (1), at T GT=866us, under the condition of R=100km, the N minimum is 4; Promptly in order to satisfy formula (1), should be the sub-district that the center is minimum with the base station be equally divided into 4 zones, supposes just to be divided into 4;
Then, guard time GT (being made up of GP, UpPTS, subframe1 three parts) is divided into 5 protection sections;
The zone at its place of terminal judges supposes that judged result is that it is in regional i, 1≤i≤4, and then this terminal sends preamble in the finish time of 5-i protection section.
Terminal can be adopted in the following method for the judgement of its position range:
(A) terminal is measured the received power of P-CCPCH (Primary Common Control Physical Channel) channel
(B) channel transmitting power is notified terminal P-CCPCH by the mode of broadcast system information in the base station P PCCPCH TX ;
(C) terminal basis
Figure A200710149846D00133
Utilize the path loss PL between following formula computing terminal and the base station, wherein all amounts all are the dB values; PL = P PCCPCH TX - P PCCPCH RX ;
(D) the suitable propagation model of terminal utilization, and according to the distance L between PL estimation terminal of calculating in the previous step and the base station, the simple propagation model (corresponding to the carrier frequency of 2GHz) below hypothesis is used here
PL=128.1+37.6log 10(L), wherein the unit of L is a kilometer;
(E) terminal is according to the P-CCPCH channel transmitting power
Figure A200710149846D00135
And the minimum received power thresholding of P-CCPCH channel With the greatest path loss PL that allows between following formula computing terminal and the base station Max
PL max = P PCCPCH TX - P PCCPCH MIN - RX ;
Use with step (D) in identical propagation model, by greatest path loss PL MaxThe coverage R of calculation plot;
(F) terminal utilizes following formula to judge which zone it belongs to according to L, R and N.
Wherein the unit of L and R all is a kilometer, and satisfies L＜R,
Figure A200710149846D00139
Expression rounds downwards.
Above-described execution mode is an embodiment of the present invention; under the situation of spirit of the present invention and essence; the technical staff can produce other embodiment according to the present invention, but these embodiment based on spirit of the present invention and essence also should belong within the protection range of claims of the present invention.
For example, above-mentioned terminal is a simple and not unique method in its zone of living in of terminal judges for the determination methods of its present position scope, in practical application, can adopt other method to realize, can reach identical effect as long as can judge the zone at place.
For another example, the mode in division of cells zone also can be unequal the division, is that span is bigger as the regional extent near from the base station, and regional extent far away is that span is less from the base station.Like this, terminal is when the leading delivery time of region correspondence, according to the minimum distance X of this zone to the base station 1, maximum distance X 2Calculate:
First guard time between the initial moment of leading delivery time and RACH channel time slot is more than or equal to 2 (R-X 1)/C, C are the light velocity, and R is a radius of society;
Second guard time between the finish time of the leading finish time and RACH channel time slot is more than or equal to 2X 2/ C;
And the T of system configuration GTDescribed first guard time and the second guard time sum that should calculate in a manner described more than or equal to terminal in arbitrary zone.

Claims (11)

1, the sending method of terminal preamble in a kind of tdd systems is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(a) during system configuration, determine to insert at random the total guard time T of RACH channel GT, and by to the distance of base station is far and near microzonation being divided into N circular or annular zone from the near to the remote;
(b) terminal was judged own residing zone before transmission is leading, determined the leading delivery time of region correspondence;
(c) described terminal sends described leading at the described delivery time of determining.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that,
Terminal supposes that this zone is X to the minimum distance of base station in the step (b) when the leading delivery time of region correspondence 1, maximum distance is X 2, C is the light velocity, R is a radius of society, then:
First guard time between the initial moment of described leading delivery time and RACH channel time slot is more than or equal to 2 (R-X 1)/C;
Described T GTPoor with described first guard time in arbitrary zone, second guard time between the finish time of promptly described leading finish time and RACH channel time slot is more than or equal to the 2X that calculates according to this zone 2/ C.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that,
When step (a) was divided, described N regional maximum distance to the base station all equated with the difference of minimum distance;
Step (b) terminal adds T with the initial moment of RACH channel time slot GT* (N+1-i)/(N+1), as described leading delivery time, described i is by the regional sequence number that from far near each zone is obtained since 1 number consecutively to base station distance, 1≤i≤N.
4, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that,
When step (a) was divided, the maximum distance that the base station is arrived in described N zone all equated with the difference of minimum distance, and was that starting point length equals described T with the initial moment of RACH channel GTTime period be divided into N+1 protection son section;
In the step (b), the finish time of N+1-i protection of the leading delivery time that described terminal is determined section, described i is by the regional sequence number that from far near each zone is obtained since 1 number consecutively to base station distance, 1≤i≤N.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the described N and the T of configuration in the step (a) GTMeet the following conditions:
T GT ≥ 2 · ( N + 1 ) · R N · C - - - ( 1 )
Wherein C is the light velocity, and R is the radius of society of system configuration.
6, method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described N gets the positive integer of the minimum that satisfies above-mentioned formula (1).
As claim 1,2,3 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that 7, the process in step (b) described terminal judges oneself zone of living in may further comprise the steps:
(1) described terminal is measured the received power of Primary Common Control Physical Channel, and obtains the transmitting power of the Primary Common Control Physical Channel of base station notice;
(2) described terminal is according to the received power of Primary Common Control Physical Channel and the path loss between transmitting power computing terminal and the base station, and estimates distance between terminal and the base station according to propagation model and described path loss;
(3) described terminal is according to the greatest path loss that allows between the minimum received power thresholding computing terminal of the transmitting power of Primary Common Control Physical Channel and Primary Common Control Physical Channel and the base station, and according to the coverage of described propagation model calculation plot;
(4) described terminal is according to the terminal that calculates and the coverage of distance between the base station and sub-district, and the described N value of configuration is judged the zone at current place.
8, method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that,
In the step (3), described greatest path loss is minimum received power thresholding poor of the transmitting power of Primary Common Control Physical Channel and Primary Common Control Physical Channel, and described transmitting power and minimum received power thresholding are all used the dB value representation.
9, method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that,
In the step (4), the regional number in described terminal zone of living in is
Figure A200710149846C00041
Wherein L is the distance between described terminal and base station, and R is a radius of society,
Figure A200710149846C00042
Expression rounds downwards, and i is by the regional sequence number that from far near each zone is obtained since 1 number consecutively to base station distance, 1≤i≤N, and the described N that is divided into regional maximum distance to the base station all equates with the difference of minimum distance.
10, as claim 2,3 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that, the initial moment of described RACH channel time slot is the finish time of descending pilot frequency time slot in the system-frame, and be the zero hour of next upstream data subframe the finish time of described RACH channel time slot.
11, as claim 2,3 or 4 described methods, it is characterized in that,
Step (a) system makes terminal know the value of N by the base station notice determined the value of N when configuration after, and when the value of the run duration N of system changed, the base station sent the message informing terminal.
CN2007101498461A 2007-09-17 2007-09-17 Terminal preamble sending method in time division duplexing system Expired - Fee Related CN101394648B (en)

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