CN101391184A - Preparation method of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid - Google Patents
Preparation method of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid Download PDFInfo
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- CN101391184A CN101391184A CNA2008102016333A CN200810201633A CN101391184A CN 101391184 A CN101391184 A CN 101391184A CN A2008102016333 A CNA2008102016333 A CN A2008102016333A CN 200810201633 A CN200810201633 A CN 200810201633A CN 101391184 A CN101391184 A CN 101391184A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon nano-tube anti-drag nanometer fluid, which takes deionized water as a base fluid, and adds a surfactant Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride (CTAC) and nano-scale carbon nano-tube (CNT) solid particles. The method comprises: soaking the CNT into lye for ultrasonic oscillating treatment, cleaning and drying the obtained CNT powder after filtration and then adding the powder into the deionized water, meanwhile adding the CTAC in fixed proportion, then implementing the ultrasonic oscillations for 10 to 14 hours, and finally preparing the carbon nano-tube anti-drag nanometer fluid. The applicable pipe diameter scope of the method is from 1 to 40cm, and the range of Reynolds number is between 4000 and 100000. The effective concentration scope of the CTAC is selected according to different operating conditions (pipe diameter and Reynolds number). The mixture ratio of the additive directly influences the flow and heat transfer performance of the carbon nano-tube anti-drag nanometer fluid. The carbon nano-tube anti-drag nanometer fluid has the feature of reducing the flow resistance of the anti-drag fluid in the transport process, and also has the characteristic of heat exchange enhancement of the nano-fluid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid, belong to liquid transport, technical field of heat exchange.
Background technology
To energy-conservation active demand is the power of drag reduction (drag-reduction) research.For a long time, relate to the field of toughness fluid motion at all, flow to outflow from interior, people are looking for the method that reduces fluid resistance.The viscosity drag reduction method is rely on to change the physico-mechanical properties of border material or add drag reducing additive in flow boundary layer, changing the kinematics and the dynamics of boundary layer flow, thereby reaches the technology of drag reduction purpose.Add minor amounts of additives (as silt, fiber, high molecular polymer, surfactant etc.) in fluid, can reduce fluid flow resistance under turbulence state, this method is called the additive drag reduction.The additive drag reduction is one of the phenomenon of economy and scientific meaning that possesses skills most in all phenomenons of non-Newtonian flow.The additive drag reduction is because characteristics such as its cost is low, simple to operate, consuming little energy become very desirable drag reduction mode.The achievement in research of additive drag reduction aspect has important effect to national economy and national defense construction.In the additive drag reduction, most popular is the surfactant drag reduction.
On the other hand, in various industries, in fields such as power, metallurgy, oil, chemical industry, aviation, electronics, nuclear energy, heat exchange all plays an important role.Enhanced heat exchange is continuous a special kind of skill of development along with requirement of engineering, is the important topic of energy research in the world.Heat exchange efficiency is directly connected to equipment operating efficiency, size and important performances such as initial cost, energy saving.Nowadays, because progress of science and technology, the performance of various device is more and more stronger, incident heat radiation is also increasing, traditional neat liquid heat-exchange working medium, Ru Shui, oil, alcohol etc., because its lower thermal conductivity factor has been difficult to adapt to the high-efficiency compact requirement of New Times to heat-exchange apparatus.Therefore, head it off, must find the method that improves the working medium exchange capability of heat from start with at all.How resolving the bottleneck of traditional heat-dissipating working medium on heat-sinking capability, is the problem that presses for solution.Improve a kind of effective means of working medium exchange capability of heat, be in working medium, to add nanoscale solids metal or metal oxide particle, because metal or metal oxide particle have than the much higher thermal conductivity factor of liquid (water, wet goods), therefore, in liquid, add the thermal conductivity factor that solid particle can improve solidliquid mixture, thereby strengthen the exchange capability of heat of working medium, the solid particle suspension that this method obtains is called nano-fluid.There are a lot of scholars to study at this point, and obtained certain achievement.In recent years, (carbonnanotube CNT) is found and has the very high capacity of heat transmission CNT, and this discovery allows the nano-fluid field obtain further development.
Above-mentioned two kinds of technology are all very practical.But the surfactant drag reducing fluid greatly reduces the exchange capability of heat of fluid when reducing the fluid transport resistance, and this is one of disadvantage of surfactant drag reducing fluid.And nano-fluid can improve the exchange capability of heat of fluid to a certain extent, has increased the flow resistance of fluid also slightly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of preparation method of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid be provided, the novel fluid of preparation can have concurrently simultaneously drag reducing fluid and nano-fluid flow transport with heat exchange on separately advantage.
For realizing this purpose, it is base fluid that the present invention adopts deionized water, and additive has two kinds: chlorination hexadecanyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt (cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, CTAC) cationic surfactant, and CNT (carbon nanotube, CNT).Method by experiment obtains a kind of properly mixed carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid, makes its drag reduction and augmentation of heat transfer best performanceization.The applicable caliber scope of the present invention is 1～40cm, reynolds number range 4000～100000.
Before the preparation carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid, CNT need handle through certain, breaks up the winding state of CNT between mutually, adds hydrophilic group on CNT, can be with the purpose of its stable suspersion in deionized water to reach.
The preparation method of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid of the present invention is specially:
1) carbon nanotube dust is immersed alkali lye, alkali lye must not have powder, and (operating frequency 25～40kHz) was 40～60 ℃ of following sonic oscillations 5～8 hours to put into ultrasonic oscillator.
2) filter liquide obtains the CNT solid, with deionized water it is cleaned repeatedly.
3) CNT after obtaining cleaning is put into electric furnace and is dried under 120～140 ℃ of temperature.
4) chlorination hexadecanyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt powder is added in the entry, leave standstill and treated that it dissolved fully in 24 hours, add the dried carbon nano-tube powder again, be mixed with mixed solution; The mass concentration of carbon nanotube dust is 0.5～4% in the mixed solution, and the mass concentration of chlorination hexadecanyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt powder is 0.003～0.1%.
5) mixed solution is inserted in the ultrasonic oscillator,, promptly get the target product carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid 10～30 ℃ of following sonic oscillations 10～14 hours; Wherein, the operating frequency of ultrasonic oscillator is 25～40kHz.
The valid density scope of CTAC among the preparation method of the present invention can be selected according to different operating modes (caliber, Reynolds number).The additive proportioning is improper, will directly influence flowing and heat transfer property of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid.
Carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid of the present invention has well utilized CTAC drag reducing fluid and CNT nano-fluid to dependence on temperature, make it in the different temperatures scope, bring into play maximum separately advantage, the advantage of two kinds of fluids is gathered, its shortcoming is separately minimized, thereby effectively reduced fluid transport pump merit, strengthened the heat exchange efficiency of fluid in heat exchanger simultaneously greatly.This novel carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid had both had drag reducing fluid reduces flow resistance in transport process characteristic, had nano-fluid enhanced heat exchange characteristic again simultaneously concurrently, had very optimistic application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples technical scheme of the present invention is further described.Parameter in following examples does not constitute limitation of the invention.
The used CTAC of the present invention is that Nanjing optically-active Science and Technology Ltd. produces, and CNT is that nanometer port, Shenzhen Co., Ltd produces diameter 10-20nm, long 1-2 μ m.
In order to verify flowing and heat transfer characteristic of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid of the present invention, heat convection and resistance measurement experimental bench have been built, the long 1.08m of experimental channel wherein, internal diameter 25.6mm, external diameter 28mm.The mobile reynolds number range of experimental verification is 4000～10000.The experimental verification scope is: addition of C TAC mass concentration is 0.003～0.1%, and preferred concentration selects 0.01～0.04%, and wherein having an optium concentration is 0.03%.Solids additive CNT mass concentration 0.5%～4%, mass concentration is high more, and the heat exchange effect is good more, and 4% is optium concentration.In the experimental verification scope, all can obtain the effect that reduces resistance and enhanced heat exchange.
Embodiment 1
The mixed solution that obtains is inserted in the ultrasonic oscillator, and normal temperature vibrated 10 hours down, and the operating frequency of ultrasonic oscillator is 25kHz.Collect vibration mixed liquor afterwards, promptly getting the CTAC mass concentration is 0.01%, and the CNT mass concentration is 0.5% carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid.
Embodiment 2
400g CNT powder is immersed 20% NaOH solution, and flooded, put into ultrasonic oscillator, 50 ℃ of following sonic oscillations 5 hours by NaOH solution.The operating frequency of ultrasonic oscillator is 30kHz.
CNT after obtaining cleaning puts into electric furnace and dries under 120 ℃ of temperature.
Embodiment 3
800g CNT powder is immersed 20% NaOH solution, and flooded, put into ultrasonic oscillator, 50 ℃ of following sonic oscillations 5 hours by NaOH solution.The operating frequency of ultrasonic oscillator is 40kHz.
6g CTAC powder is added in the 20kg deionized water, and the CNT powder that regathers after the oven dry joins in the CTAC solution, is mixed with mixed solution.
For the advantage of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid is described, provide two performance index definition formulas, these two performance indications all are that big more performance is good more:
Table 1 has been listed the drag reduction and the enhanced heat exchange performance of 3 resulting variable concentrations carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluids of embodiment, and these performances all have strong dependence to running temperature:
Table 1
| Running temperature | The CTAC mass concentration | The CNT mass concentration | Average drag reducing efficiency | The average heat transfer coefficient ratio | |
| Embodiment 1 | 22℃ | 0.01％ | 0.5％ | 31％ | 0.72 |
| Embodiment 1 | 48℃ | 0.01％ | 0.5％ | 0％ | 1.15 |
| Embodiment 2 | 22℃ | 0.04％ | 2％ | 43％ | 0.58 |
| Embodiment 2 | 48℃ | 0.04％ | 2％ | 0％ | 1.39 |
| Embodiment 3 | 22℃ | 0.03％ | 4％ | 52％ | 0.64 |
| Embodiment 3 | 48℃ | 0.03％ | 4％ | 0％ | 1.55 |
Table 1 data show that the property of reduction drag of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid of the present invention and enhanced heat exchange characteristic all have strong temperature dependency.At normal temperatures, 3 embodiment possess property of reduction drag to a certain degree, wherein embodiment 3 drag-reduction effect the bests.Yet the average heat transfer coefficient of 3 embodiment ratio is all below 0.72 at this moment, and promptly the exchange capability of heat of fluid is not so good as pure water at this moment.When running temperature is brought up to 48 ℃, the property of reduction drag complete obiteration of 3 embodiment, and the enhanced heat exchange characteristic all surpassed 1, and wherein the average heat transfer coefficient of embodiment 3 is 1.55 than the highest.All embodiment of the present invention take place gradually from 22 ℃ to 48 ℃ drag reduction and heat transfer characteristic variation, are the smooth curve formula, wherein without any jumping phenomenon.
This strong temperature dependency of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid of the present invention, it is had a extensive future: at first in application, fluid advances conveying pipe at normal temperatures, this moment, the drag reducing efficiency of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid reached maximum, be about 52%, can save the probably pump merit of half, though heat exchange deterioration does not at this moment need to carry out heat exchange this moment; After entering heat exchanger, because heat exchange temperature is higher, when adding hot fluid, the resistance reducing performance of fluid is weakened, and the enhanced heat exchange performance strengthen, the coefficient of heat transfer can reach about 1.55 with the water ratio; When fluid went out heat exchanger and enters conveying pipe, fluid temperature (F.T.) descended once more, and the enhanced heat exchange performance weakens, and resistance reducing performance produces.Thereby make carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid of the present invention very flexible in actual applications, can carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid of the present invention need be applied in various environment very easily according to design.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of preparation method of carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) carbon nanotube dust is immersed alkali lye and make alkali lye not have powder, put into ultrasonic oscillator, 40～60 ℃ of following sonic oscillations 5～8 hours, the operating frequency of ultrasonic oscillator was 25～40kHz;
2) filter liquide obtains the CNT solid, cleans repeatedly with deionized water;
3) CNT after will cleaning is put into electric furnace, dries under 120～140 ℃ of temperature;
4) the dried carbon nano-tube powder is added in the deionized water, adds chlorination hexadecanyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt powder again, be mixed with mixed solution; The mass concentration of carbon nanotube dust is 0.5～4% in the mixed solution, and the mass concentration of chlorination hexadecanyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium salt powder is 0.003～0.1%;
5) mixed solution is inserted in the ultrasonic oscillator,, promptly get the target product carbon nano tube drag-reduction nano fluid 10～30 ℃ of following sonic oscillations 10～14 hours; Wherein, the operating frequency of ultrasonic oscillator is 25～40kHz.
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| CN102766439A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-07 | 北京师范大学 | High-temperature coefficient and high-stability room temperature switch nanocomposite |
| CN103923617A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-07-16 | 深圳市爱能森科技有限公司 | Hydrogenated terphenyl type high-temperature nanometer heat-conduction oil, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103937463A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-07-23 | 深圳市爱能森科技有限公司 | Dibenzyltoluene type high-temperature nanometer heat-conducting oil, and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN1184140C (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2005-01-12 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Preparation method of carbon nano pipe filled with organic solvent |
| CN1927986A (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-14 | 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 | Nano fluid and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102766439A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-11-07 | 北京师范大学 | High-temperature coefficient and high-stability room temperature switch nanocomposite |
| CN102766439B (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2018-10-19 | 北京师范大学 | High-temperature coefficient high stable room temperature switch nanocomposite |
| CN103923617A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-07-16 | 深圳市爱能森科技有限公司 | Hydrogenated terphenyl type high-temperature nanometer heat-conduction oil, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103937463A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-07-23 | 深圳市爱能森科技有限公司 | Dibenzyltoluene type high-temperature nanometer heat-conducting oil, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103937463B (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2017-10-20 | 深圳市爱能森科技有限公司 | A kind of dibenzyl toluene type high-temperature nano conduction oil, its preparation method and application |
| CN104549021A (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-04-29 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Device for preparing hydrophobic nanoparticles and surfactant compounded dispersoid and application of hydrophobic nanoparticles and surfactant compounded dispersoid |
| CN104549021B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-12-30 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of hydrophobic nanoparticles and surfactant compound dispersion device and application |
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| CN107365571A (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2017-11-21 | 内蒙古工业大学 | The preparation technology and microchannel heat-transfer working medium of carbon pipe nano-fluid |
| CN107365571B (en) * | 2017-06-09 | 2020-05-26 | 内蒙古工业大学 | Preparation process of carbon tube nano fluid and microchannel heat transfer working medium |
| CN109054791A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of water base carbon nanofluid and preparation method thereof |
| CN109054791B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2020-10-16 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Water-based carbon nanofluid and preparation method thereof |
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