CN101390398A - Method and apparatus for entropy coding in fine granularity scalable video coding - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for entropy coding in fine granularity scalable video coding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A FGS entropy coding method is suitable for the case when the refinement coefficients at the FGS layer have different prediction from its base layer. When temporal prediction is used in FGS layer coding and the refinement coefficients at the FGS layer have different prediction from its base layer, drift problem may be caused if the FGS layer is partially decoded. Such drift problem may significantly affect coding performance. This new FGS entropy coding method can solve or greatly alleviate such drift effect and therefore improve coding performance. Three different FGS methods can be used: FGS entropy coding based on spatial frequency location; FGS entropy coding for decoder oriented two-loop structure; and FGS entropy coding with block-confined coding pass.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to video coding, and relate more specifically to scalable video.
Background technology
In order to improve the flexibility of video coding, fine granularity scalability (FGS) has been added in the MPEG-4AVC video encoding standard recently.As shown in Figure 1, by the FGS coding, be basic layer (BL) and one or more enhancement layer or FGS layer with video coding.Be similar to traditional scalable video, must intactly receive basic layer, so that the video of decoding and demonstration gross.Traditional scalable video need receive complete enhancement layer so that improve on the basis of elementary video quality, different therewith, by the FGS coding, can cut off enhancement layer stream at an arbitrary position before the transmission or during the decoding.In other words, can at random block the bit stream of FGS layer for each frame.Thus, by the additional information of decoding from the FGS layer, FGS allows the quality of vision signal to improve progressively.If equipment receiver, video stream on low-rate channel, then Xie Ma video may have lower quality.If an equipment receives identical video flowing on the channel of higher rate, then Xie Ma video can have higher quality.Block the FGS layer allow with on the basic layer bit rate basically arbitrarily bit rate decode.Block bit stream and may influence code efficiency.
Knownly can represent color in the video data by the mixing of three primary colors R, G, B.Yet the various color spaces that are equal to also are possible.Multiple effective color space comprise luminance component (Y) and two chromatic components (U, V).Block and to represent relevant with color space.
In some cases, the expectation with some minimums or " basic " quality come the launching code digital video sequences, and simultaneously the emission " enhancing " signal, its can with the minimum mass signal combination to obtain the higher quality decoded video sequence.Such layout allows to support those equipment of the improvement function of any apparatus that some minimum feature sets of (with " substantially " quality) decoding sequence close and the higher quality version with decoding identical sequence simultaneously, and can not cause the cost of the increase that is associated with two absolute coding versions launching identical sequence.
If expectation can be launched a plurality of " enhancing " signal more than two quality scale, each " enhancing " signal demand " substantially " quality signal adds all low-qualityer " enhancing " signals.
In the scalable video field, such " substantially " and " enhancing " signal are called as " layer ", and the degree of each enhancement layer improvement reconstruction quality is called as " granularity ".Abbreviation FGS representative " fine granular scalability ", it is less that it represents that progressive quality improves.
The technology that is used to produce the FGS enhancement layer is known, and in the standardized context of current SVC, block-based FGS scheme is documented in the following document at first: ISO/IECJTC1/SC29/WG11, " Scalable Video Model Version 3.0 ", MPEGDocument w6716, Palma de Mallorca, in October, 2004.The improvement encoding scheme that this encoding scheme is called as " loop blocks coding " after a while replaces, and the basic layer coded message that the loop blocks encoding scheme can effectively utilize in anterior layer FGS coding improved coding efficiency.
According to the loop blocks encoding scheme, the prediction residual coefficient can be encoded as one of following two types: effective information or refinement information.From basic layer, be zero reconstructed value if coefficient has, then be referred to as non-effectively (non-significant) coefficient.Otherwise be referred to as effectively (significant) coefficient.Based on the coefficient of coding in basic layer, can encode to a FGS layer.In FGS layer coding, with the non-coefficient of efficiency of checking once more from basic layer, to check whether it becomes effectively at current FGS layer (also promptly, having is zero reconstructed value).If, then to its amplitude and encoding symbols.Otherwise, still it is categorized as non-effective.For coefficient of efficiency from basic layer, based on current FGS layer quantization parameter (QP) to its further refinement.In case a FGS layer is encoded, then it serves as basic layer, and can encode to the 2nd FGS layer, by that analogy.In case coefficient becomes effectively at certain layer, will only at each higher FGS layer subsequently this coefficient be carried out refinement.
Aspect coded sequence, the loop blocks coding effective information of at first encoding is usually followed by refinement information.More specifically, for each FGS layer of coded slices, there are two stages (pass): effective stage and elaboration phase.In effective stage, only check those non-coefficients of efficiency from basic layer, whether in anterior layer, becoming effectively to check it.If, then to its amplitude and encoding symbols.In case checked all the non-coefficients of efficiency from basic layer, then effectively the stage finishes.In elaboration phase subsequently, all that coefficient of efficiency from basic layer is carried out refinement according to current FGS layer QP.
The more detailed process of loop blocks coding can be described by following false code.Under the situation of the value that will decode in addition
Fast for each
If effectively the stage does not finish for the brightness of current burst
Decode a non-zero luminance factor and before zero
Otherwise
Decoding is used for the refinement information of ensuing luminance factor
If effectively the stage does not finish for the colourity of current burst
Decoding from non-zero chromaticity coefficent of each component and before zero
Otherwise
Decoding is used for the refinement information of ensuing chromaticity coefficent
Therefore, for each color component (brightness and colourity), effective information was encoded before refinement information.
Discovery is not when predict service time in coding FGS layer, and the loop blocks coding work is good.Fig. 1 shows an example.In this structure, discrete basic layer is encoded in non-scalable bitstream by motion compensation routinely.Then thereon the FGS layer is encoded under the situation of motion compensation not having.Arrow among the figure is represented projected relationship.Because each FGS layer is from its basic layer perfect forecast, therefore effective stage of current FGS layer or elaboration phase will only be offered help and be improved the additional information of picture quality.
In order further to improve the code efficiency in the FGS layer coding, the whole bag of tricks of same prediction service time in FGS layer coding has been proposed recently.In these methods, can introduce new (perhaps refinement) motion vector, and can carry out the motion compensation that separates at the FGS layer.By well-designed, these methods can be improved FGS layer code efficiency effectively.Yet they have also brought the relevant new problem of loop blocks coding with current use.
An example has been shown among Fig. 2, in this example, time prediction has been used for the FGS layer and encodes.Suppose to have only a FGS layer.In Fig. 4, P
0And P
1It is respectively the prediction that forms by the motion compensation in basic layer and FGS layer.The motion vector of these two layers can be identical or different.Suppose that the prediction residual of rebuilding at basic layer is D
0, then can be with R
0Be expressed as R
0=P
0+ D
0, R wherein
0It is reconstruction frames from basic layer.
As mentioned above, if there is not prediction service time in FGS layer coding, R0 will be used as prediction in coding FGS layer so.In this case, find that the loop blocks coding work is good.Yet when when the FGS layer is predicted service time, the loop blocks coding will have problem.
In the loop blocks coding, the FGS layer is further encoded and refinement on basic layer.In order to utilize time prediction at the FGS layer, according to Fig. 2, the prediction that is used for the FGS layer of coded frame n will become P
1+ D
0Then by the prediction residual D of loop blocks coding to the FGS layer
1Encode.From coded residual D
1Effective information indicate at the newly-generated coefficient of efficiency of FGS layer.From coded residual D
1The further refinement of refinement information from the effective coefficient of basic layer.Yet, should be noted that in this case for those coefficients of efficiency from basic layer, the refinement information of FGS layer also will be to prediction P
0And P
1Between difference compensate.With R
0During as the prediction in the coding FGS layer, there is not this problem.
Because the problems referred to above, the separation " stage " in the loop blocks coding is no longer suitable.In the beginning of FGS layer, if all decoded informations all belong to effective information, we can expect P so
1Quality will when the more FGS layer bits of decoding, improve gradually.Correspondingly, P
0And P
1Between difference also become big.Yet at this moment, refinement information may also not have decoded.Do not have at the FGS layer under the situation of refinement information, can't suitably compensate P at those coefficients of efficiency from basic layer
0And P
1Between difference.This will cause drifting problem, and it may influence coding efficiency significantly under the situation of part FGS layer decoder.
On the other hand, if before effective stage, encode elaboration phase, also existing problems.In the beginning of decoding FGS layer, the information of decoding all belongs to refinement information.Can obtain P
0And P
1Between the compensation of difference.Yet such compensation is by the situation of complete decoding at the FGS layer.When the sub-fraction of having only the FGS layer is decoded, the time prediction P of Xing Chenging in this case
1Aspect picture quality and P
0Approaching.Therefore, the refinement information of decoding may be to P
1And P
0Between the difference overcompensation.This also may cause drifting problem, and it influences coding efficiency under the situation of part FGS layer decoder.
Situation shown in Figure 2 only is an example.Usually, if the refinement coefficients of FGS layer (also promptly, being effective coefficient) has the prediction that is different from basic layer,, then under the partial decoding of h situation, may there be drifting problem in basic layer if then carry out entropy coding according to the mode of separating " stage ".
Another example will be the double loop structure of disclosed object decoder device among the U.S. Patent application agent docket No.944-001.177-2 (after this being called 944-001.177-2) that submits on the same day with the application.944-001.177-2 based on the u.s. patent application serial number No.60/757 that submitted on January 9th, 2006,746.This structure has been shown among Fig. 3.Shown in structure provide encode simple of a plurality of FGS layers and effective scheme.According to this structure, the prediction of a FGS layer is from common formation of the basic layer of the reconstruction of a FGS layer of its reference frame and present frame.
For the 2nd FGS layer, at first calculate initial predicted P according to identical FGS coding method
2', still, will dispersing substantially, layer is used as " enhancement layer " as " basic layer " and with the 2nd FGS layer.P
2' rebuild residual error D with a FGS layer then
1(in Fig. 3, representing) addition by hollow arrow, and will and P
2As actual prediction.
P
2＝P
2’+α*D
1
Wherein, α is a parameter, 0≤α≤1.Similarly, for the 3rd FGS layer, at first calculate initial predicted P according to identical FGS coding method
3', still, will dispersing substantially, layer is used as " enhancement layer " as " basic layer " and with the 3rd FGS layer.P
3' rebuild residual error D with the first and second FGS layers then
1And D
2The two addition, and will and P
3As actual prediction.
P
3＝P
3’+α*D
1+β*D
2
Wherein β also is a parameter, 0≤β≤1.β can be identical or different with α.Usually α and β are set to 1.
By such coding structure, the refinement coefficients of the 2nd FGS layer (except those effective coefficients in discrete basic layer) can have and the different prediction of its basic layer.This situation is also set up for the refinement coefficients of the 3rd FGS layer.For this reason, the loop blocks coding may be not suitable for those FGS layers are encoded.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of FGS entropy coding method, the refinement coefficients that this method is suitable for the FGS layer has the situation of the prediction that is different from its basic layer.When the refinement coefficients of prediction service time and FGS layer in FGS layer coding has the prediction that is different from its basic layer, if the FGS layer by partial decoding of h, then may cause drifting problem.This drifting problem may influence coding efficiency significantly.The present invention a kind of new FGS entropy coding method is provided, it can solve or greatly alleviate this drift effect, and improves coding efficiency thus.
Can use three kinds of different FGS methods: based on the FGS entropy coding of spatial frequency position; The FGS entropy coding that is used for the double loop structure of object decoder device; And has the piece restriction FGS entropy coding of coding stage.In first method, drifting problem is to be caused by the separation in the loop blocks coding method " stage " coded sequence basically.No matter at first which is encoded in stage, when the partial decoding of h of FGS layer, all can't avoid drifting problem.Thus, in order to address the above problem, will no longer in " stage " of separating, effective information and refinement information be encoded.The substitute is, it is encoded according to staggered or order by merging.By second method, the effective coefficient of can guaranteeing to become in basic layer has identical prediction at enhancement layer.Therefore, these coefficients do not comprise any compensation to predictor difference in the further refinement of enhancement layer.Thus, the refinement information of those coefficients only helps to improve picture quality, and can not introduce any drift effect.By third party's method, the efficient coding stage is limited in the piece.For given piece, as long as all effective informations in the piece are encoded, just can think and finish effective stage, and therefore can begin coding refinement information in this piece of piece for this piece.
Thus, a first aspect of the present invention is the entropy coding method that uses during a kind of digital video sequences that comprises in to view data is encoded, and described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of.Described method comprises:
Form a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of representative from the enhanced layer information of view data;
In a plurality of code period, scan described a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks according to predefined procedure;
In each cycle, from described a plurality of each, select the subclass of conversion coefficient; And
According to predefined procedure the conversion coefficient subclass of described selection is carried out entropy coding.
A second aspect of the present invention is the entropy coding method that uses during a kind of digital video sequences that comprises in to view data is decoded, and described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of.Described method comprises:
Be formed for storing representative a plurality of from the conversion coefficient of the enhanced layer information of view data;
In a plurality of code period, scan described a plurality of of being used for the store transformed coefficient based on predefined procedure;
For described a plurality of each, in each cycle, select conversion coefficient subclass to be decoded; And
Based on predefined procedure the selected conversion coefficient subclass in described a plurality of each is carried out the entropy decoding.
According to the present invention, the selection in coding or the decoding is at least based on the spatial frequency position of each coefficient in the piece, or carries out in the following manner: make that the coefficient of efficiency in the piece is selected prior to the refinement coefficients in the piece.
According to the present invention, conversion coefficient is included in effective refinement coefficients and all the other coefficients in the discrete basic layer, and carry out the selection of from each piece, carrying out by this way: at first be chosen in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients, and select all the other coefficients according to order according to the spatial frequency position of all the other coefficients.
A third aspect of the present invention is the entropy coder that uses during a kind of digital video sequences that comprises in to view data is encoded, and described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of.Described encoder comprises:
Be used to form the module of representative from a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of the enhanced layer information of view data;
Be used for according to the module of predefined procedure at the described a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of a plurality of code period scannings;
Be used for from described a plurality of each, selecting the module of the subclass of conversion coefficient in each cycle; And
Be used for the conversion coefficient subclass of described selection being carried out the module of entropy coding according to predefined procedure, wherein, described selection module is suitable for selecting according to the spatial frequency position of each coefficient in the piece at least the subclass of conversion coefficient, perhaps select the conversion coefficient subclass from each piece by this way: make that the coefficient of efficiency the piece is selected prior to refinement coefficients, perhaps select conversion coefficient from each piece by this way: at first be chosen in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients, and select all the other coefficients according to order based on the spatial frequency position of all the other coefficients.
A fourth aspect of the present invention is the decoder that uses during a kind of digital video sequences that comprises in to view data is decoded, and described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of.Described decoder comprises:
Be used to form and be used to store a plurality of piece the module of representative from the conversion coefficient of the enhanced layer information of view data;
Be used for based on predefined procedure in the described a plurality of module that is used for the store transformed coefficient of a plurality of code period scannings;
Be used for selecting the module of conversion coefficient subclass to be decoded in each cycle at described a plurality of each; And
Be used for the described selected conversion coefficient subclass of described a plurality of each being carried out the module of entropy decoding based on predefined procedure.
A fifth aspect of the present invention is a kind of software application product, comprise computer-readable recording medium, it has the software application that is used for carrying out at scalable video entropy coding, and described software application has the program code that is used to carry out above-described coding method.
A sixth aspect of the present invention is a kind of software application product, comprise computer-readable recording medium, it has the software application that is used for carrying out at scalable video the entropy decoding, and described software application has the program code that is used to carry out above-described coding/decoding method.
A seventh aspect of the present invention is a kind of electronic equipment, portable terminal for example, and it comprises and is used for the encoder that the aforesaid digital video sequences that view data is comprised carries out Code And Decode.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 shows the fine granular scalability of not free prediction in the FGS layer;
Fig. 2 is illustrated in the fine granular scalability that has time prediction in the FGS layer;
Fig. 3 shows the fine granular scalability (part double loop structure) that has time prediction in the FGS layer;
Fig. 4 shows the piece in the FGS layer.
Fig. 5 shows has the FGS encoder that the relevant reference block of basic layer selected;
Fig. 6 shows has the FGS decoder that the relevant reference block of reference block is selected;
Fig. 7 shows to have according at least one electronic equipment in scalable encoder of the present invention and the salable decoder.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of FGS entropy coding method, its refinement coefficients that is suitable for the FGS layer has the situation of the prediction that is different from its basic layer.
Can use three kinds of following different FGS entropy coding methods.
1. based on the FGS entropy coding of spatial frequency position,
2. the FGS entropy coding that is used for the double loop structure of object decoder device, and
3. the FGS entropy coding that has piece restriction cataloged procedure.
When the refinement coefficients of service time in FGS layer prediction and FGS layer has the prediction that is different from its basic layer, if the FGS layer by partial decoding of h, then may cause drifting problem.This drifting problem may the appreciable impact coding efficiency.The invention provides a kind of new FGS entropy coding method, it can solve or greatly alleviate this drift effect, and improves coding efficiency thus.
FGS entropy coding based on spatial frequency position
As mentioned above, drifting problem is that " stage " coded sequence by the separation in the loop blocks coding method causes basically.No matter which is at first encoded in stage, drifting problem all can't be avoided under the situation of the FGS layer being carried out partial decoding of h.
According to the present invention,, no longer in " stage " of separating, effective information and refinement information are encoded in order to address the above problem.The substitute is, it is encoded according to order staggered or that mix.For example, can encode to it according to its spatial frequency position, this also is the coefficient scanning order of H.264 middle definition.For entire frame (perhaps H.264 in burst), still can encode to piece according to the mode of circulation.Thus, after to first first coefficient coding, to second first coefficient coding, and the coding move to the 3rd, by that analogy.In case first coefficient to each piece in current burst is encoded,, and second coefficient in the piece encoded once more from first BOB(beginning of block); Encode second second coefficient; And move to the 3rd; By that analogy.Repeat this process, up to all coefficients in each piece are encoded.
Compare with current loop blocks coding method, the method according to this invention has changed coded sequence.What not do not change is how to encode effectively/non-coefficient of efficiency or refinement effective coefficient how.If current will the coding to non-effective coefficient then encoded to this coefficient and can be ended at the block end symbol or be thereafter that a series of non-coefficient of efficiency of coefficient of efficiency is encoded.In either case, the non-effective and coefficient of efficiency and the sweep phase of having encoded all is labeled as " decoding ", makes after a while, if coefficient to be encoded is labeled, then do not encode, and processing moves to next piece simply.
Fig. 4 has provided the example of piece in the FGS layer.Arrow among this figure is represented scanning sequency.In this piece, two coefficients that lay respectively at scanning position 7 and 10 (scanning index is since 0) by the shade mark become effective in preceding one deck (basic layer also promptly).They are the refinement coefficients in the current FGS layer.Here hypothesis exists 16 to be used for cycle that burst is encoded, in each cycle, will encode to the coefficient that is arranged in each piece corresponding space frequency location.Thus, in the period 1, the coefficient at position 0 and 1 place is encoded.In second round,, so do not need information encoded in this piece because the coefficient of position 1 is marked as " decoding ".In the period 3, to from the position 2 to 11 coefficient encode.In cycle 4,5,6 and 7, information is not encoded at this piece.In the cycle 8, the coefficient of refinement position 7.Then in the cycle 9,10, information is not encoded at this piece.In the cycle 11, the coefficient of refinement position 10.In the cycle 12, there is not the informational needs coding.In the cycle 13, the encoding block terminating symbol.After this, in cycle 14,15 and 16, information is not encoded.
Such coded sequence can be represented by following false code.
For each luma scanning index and chroma scanning index
For each piece
If current luma coefficient is not decoded
If current luma coefficient is not a refinement coefficients
Decoding non-zero luma coefficient and before zero
Otherwise
Decoding is at the refinement information of current luma coefficient
If current chroma coefficient is not decoded
If current chroma coefficient is not a refinement coefficients
Decoding non-zero chroma coefficient and before zero
Otherwise
Decoding is at the refinement information of current chroma coefficient
In the superincumbent false code, luma represents brightness, and chroma represents colourity.Chrominance section is actually to be carried out on each chromatic component of Cb and Cr respectively.Simultaneously, should be noted that luma scanning index and chroma scanning index need not synchronously.Similar with present loop blocks coding, the coding of luma can begin than colourity Zao several cycles of coding.
The FGS entropy coding that is used for the double loop structure of object decoder device
The double loop structure of object decoder device is disclosed among the 944-001.177-2 as mentioned above.Structure shown in Figure 3 provides the simple of a plurality of FGS layers that are used to encode and effective scheme.According to this structure, the prediction of a FGS layer is in conjunction with forming from the basic layer of the reconstruction of a FGS layer of its reference frame and present frame.
By this FGS coding method, can guarantee that becoming effective coefficient in basic layer has identical prediction in enhancement layer.Therefore, at the enhancement layer place refinement of these coefficients is not comprised any compensation to predictor difference.Thus, the refinement information of these coefficients only helps to improve picture quality, and can not cause any drift effect.
For the 2nd FGS layer among Fig. 3, the refinement coefficients of this layer can be divided into two classes.The first kind is included in discrete basic layer and becomes effective coefficient.Second class be included in discrete basic layer non-effectively but become effective coefficient at a FGS layer.Because the prediction of the 2nd FGS layer forms according to discrete basic layer and the 2nd FGS layer, so the refinement information of first kind coefficient can not cause drift effect.Yet the refinement information of the second class coefficient may cause drift effect.This situation is also set up for the 3rd FGS layer.In this case, the first kind still is included in to disperse basic layer and becomes effective coefficient.Second class be included in discrete basic layer non-effectively but become effective coefficient at a FGS layer or the 2nd FGS layer.
Based on such analysis, when using coding structure shown in Figure 3, can design special FGS entropy coder and be used for the second and the 3rd FGS layer is encoded.Can not cause any drift effect because it only helps to improve picture quality, therefore can be at first the refinement information from the first kind coefficient of each piece be encoded, according to the spatial frequency position of all the other coefficients these systems be encoded then.Once more, according to the mode of piece circulation the information from each piece is encoded.
Such coded sequence can be represented by following false code.
For each luma scanning index and chroma scanning index
For each piece
If current luma coefficient is a first kind coefficient
Decoding is at the refinement information of current luma coefficient
If current chroma coefficient is a first kind coefficient
Decoding is at the refinement information of current chroma coefficient
For each luma scanning index and chroma scanning index
For each piece
If current luma coefficient is not decoded
If current luma coefficient is not a refinement coefficients
Coding non-zero luma coefficient and before zero
Otherwise
Decoding is at the refinement information of current luma coefficient
If current chroma coefficient is not decoded
If current chroma coefficient is not a refinement coefficients
Coding non-zero chroma coefficient and before zero
Otherwise
Decoding is at the refinement information of current chroma coefficient
Again, in the superincumbent false code, chroma partly is actually and carries out on each chromatic component of Cb and Cr respectively.
Has the piece restriction FGS entropy coding of coding stage
Can design the FGS entropy coding according to following false code.
Under the situation of the value that will decode in addition
For each piece
If effective stage is not finished in the brightness at this piece
Decode a non-zero luminance factor and before zero
Otherwise
Decoding is at the refinement information of ensuing luminance factor
If the colourity at this piece is not finished effective stage
Decoding from non-zero chromaticity coefficent of each component and before zero
Otherwise
Decoding is at the refinement information of ensuing chromaticity coefficent
We can see from this false code, in the method, the efficient coding stage are limited in the piece.For given, in case all effective informations in the piece are encoded, then can think and finish effective stage at this piece, and the coding of refinement information in therefore can begin block.According to this method, for identical color component, can be to the coding of the refinement information of a piece early than the effective information of another piece.On the contrary, in the loop blocks coding method, before the effective information of all pieces in the burst is encoded, can not encode to the refinement information of certain color component.Thus, to a certain extent, this FGS entropy coding with piece restriction coding stage can also provide the effective information of FGS frame (perhaps burst) and the interleaved code of refinement information.
The general introduction of FGS encoder
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are the block diagrams of FGS encoder of the present invention, and wherein basic layer is depended in the formation of reference block.In these block diagrams, only show a FGS layer.Yet, should recognize that it is direct expanding to the structure with a plurality of FGS layers from a FGS layer.
Can see that from block diagram the FGS coding is the 2-loop video encoder with additional " reference block formation module ".
Fig. 7 shows the typical mobile device according to embodiment of the present invention.Mobile device 10 shown in Fig. 7 can carry out cellular data communication and voice communication.Should be noted that to the invention is not restricted to this specific implementations, it only represents one of multiple different execution modes.Mobile device 10 comprises (master) microprocessor of controlling mobile equipment operation or microcontroller 100 and the assembly that is associated with microprocessor.These assemblies comprise the display controller 130 that is connected with display module 135, nonvolatile memory 140, the volatile memory 150 of random access storage device (RAM) for example, audio frequency I/O (I/O) interface 160 that is connected with microphone 161, loud speaker 162 and/or earphone 163, the keypad controller 170 that is connected with keypad 175 or keyboard, arbitrarily auxiliary I/O (I/O) interface 200, and short-range communication interface 180.Such equipment also comprises the miscellaneous equipment subsystem usually, and these subsystems usually are shown 190.
Mobile device 10 can communicate by speech network, and/or can communicate by data network equally, described data network for example is any public land mobile network (PLMN), its form for example can be digital cellular network, particularly GSM (global system for mobile communications) or UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system).Operated is passed through in voice and/or data communication usually, the cellular communication interface subsystem that is connected to base station (BS) or Node B (not shown) that air interface is also promptly cooperated with other assembly (referring to above), wherein base station (BS) or Node B are the parts of the Radio Access Network (RAN) of cellular.The cellular communication interface subsystem that illustrative is described in Fig. 7 comprises cellular interface 110, digital signal processor (DSP) 120, receiver (RX) 121, transmitter (TX) 122 and one or more local oscillator (LO) 123, and the cellular communication interface subsystem is supported and the communicating by letter of one or more public land mobile networks (PLMN).Digital signal processor (DSP) 120 sends to transmitter (TX) 122 with signal of communication 124, and from receiver (RX) 121 receiving communication signals 125.Except process communication signals, digital signal processor 120 also provides control signal 126 and provides control signal 127 to transmitter to receiver.For example, except respectively armed signal being modulated and the signal that is received being carried out the demodulation, the gain level that is applied on the signal of communication in receiver (RX) 121 and the transmitter (TX) 122 also can carry out adaptive control by the automatic gaining controling algorithm of being implemented in the digital signal processor (DSP) 120.For the more complicated control to transceiver 122 is provided, also can in digital signal processor (DSP) 120, implement other transceiver control algolithm.Under situation about taking place on single-frequency or the one group of intensive frequency of being separated by, single local oscillator (LO) 123 can be used in combination with transmitter (TX) 122 and receiver (RX) 121 so in the communication of mobile device 10 by PLMN.Replacedly, if the employed frequency of voice/data communications is different or transmit and receive employed frequency difference, then can use a plurality of local oscillators to produce a plurality of correspondent frequency.Although what use is the mobile device 10 with antenna 129 or diversity aerial system (not shown) described in Fig. 7, also can use to have to be used for that signal receives and the mobile device 10 of the individual antenna structure of launching.The information that comprises voice-and-data information is carried out two-way communication by the data link between between cellular interface 110 and the digital signal processor (DSP) 120.The detailed design of cellular interface 110, for example frequency band, assembly selection, power level etc. will depend on the mobile device 100 plans wireless network of operation therein.
After any required network registry or activation, mobile device can send and receive the signal of communication that comprises the voice-and-data signal then on wireless network, wherein registration or activation may relate to the required Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) 210 of registration in cellular network.Antenna 129 is routed to receiver 121 from the signal that wireless network receives, and receiver 121 provides the operation such as signal amplification, frequency downconverted, filtering, channel selection and analog-to-digital conversion.The analog-to-digital conversion of received signal makes that comparatively complicated communication function can use digital signal processor (DSP) 120 to be carried out such as digital demodulation and decoding.By similar mode, the signal that is transmitted to network is handled by digital signal processor (DSP) 120, for example comprise modulation and coding, and be provided for transmitter 122 then to be used for conversion on digital-to-analogue conversion, the frequency, filtering, amplification and to be transmitted to wireless network by antenna 129.
Also can be designated as the function of microprocessor/microcontroller (μ C) 110 management mobile devices 10 of equipment platform microprocessor.Processor 110 employed operating system softwares 149 preferably are stored in the permanent memory of nonvolatile memory 140 and so on for example, and wherein nonvolatile memory 140 for example may be implemented as flash memory, battery backup RAM, any other nonvolatile storage technologies or its combination in any.Except the low layer function and (figure) basic user interface function operations system 149 of controlling mobile equipment 10, nonvolatile memory 140 also comprises a plurality of high layer software application programs or module, for example the software module (not shown) of voice communication software application 142, data communication software application 141, organizer module (not shown) or any other type.The user of mobile device 10 and the advanced interface between the mobile device 10 are carried out and provided to these modules by processor 100.This interface generally includes graphic assembly that the display 135 by display controller 130 control provided and is connected to the I/O assembly that the keypad 175 on the processor 100, auxiliary I/O (I/O) interface 200 and/or short distance (SR) communication interface 180 are provided by keypad controller 170.Auxiliary I/O interface 200 comprises USB (USB) interface, serial line interface, MMC (multimedia card) interface and relevant interfacing/standard especially, and comprise any other standardized or proprietary data communication bus technology, and short-range communication interface radio frequency (RF) low-power interface comprises WLAN (WLAN (wireless local area network)) and Bluetooth Communication Technology or IRDA (infrared data access) interface especially.Here alleged RF low-power interface technology should be interpreted as to comprise IEEE 801.xx standard technique especially, and its explanation can obtain from international IEEE.And each can represent one or more interfaces of supporting one or more input/output interface technology and communication interface technique respectively auxiliary I/O interface 200 and short-range communication interface 180.Operating system, specific device software application or module or its part can be written in the volatile memory 150 of random access storage device (realizing to operate faster based on DRAM (directly random access storage device) technology usually) for example temporarily.And, before the signal of communication that will be received for good and all writes in the file system in any massage storage or the nonvolatile memory 140, also the signal of communication that is received can be stored into temporarily in the volatile memory 150, wherein massage storage preferably removably connects with the storage data by auxiliary I/O interface.Should be appreciated that the said modules representative is in this typical components with the specific conventional mobile device 10 of cellular form quilt.The present invention is not limited to these specific assemblies, and the realization of described these assemblies only is for explanation and complete cause.
An exemplary software application module of mobile device 10 provides the functional personal information manager application of PDA, and it generally includes contact manager, calendar, task manager etc.Such personal information manager is carried out by processor 100, can visit the assembly of mobile device 10, and can be mutual with other software application module.For example, with the mutual permission management of telephone call of voice communication software application, voice mail etc., mutual support management SMS (Short Message Service), MMS (multimedia service), E-mail communication and other transfer of data used with data communication software.Nonvolatile memory 140 preferably provides file system, thereby helps the permanent storage of data item on the equipment, and wherein data item comprises a plurality of calendars, contact person etc.For example the function support of carrying out data communication by cellular interface, short-range communication interface or auxiliary I/O interface and network is uploaded, is downloaded by such network carried out and synchronously.
Application module 141 to 149 indication equipment function or software application, they are configured to be carried out by processor 100.In most of known mobile devices, whole operations of single processor management and controlling mobile equipment and all functions of the equipments and software application.This conception of species can be applicable to present mobile device.The functional realization of enhanced multimedia for example comprises by the operation of the reproduction of the video stream application of digital camera functionality realization integrated or that removably connect, digital picture and digital camera functionality institute video captured sequence integrated or that removably connect.Described realization can also comprise the recreation application with complex figure, and wherein this complex figure has driven the demand of computing capability.A kind of mode of handling capability requirement solves the problem that improves computing capability by realizing powerful and general processor core, and this mode past is continued to use.It is to realize two or more separate processor nuclear that another kind provides the method for computing capability, and this is a method well known in the art.Those skilled in the art can understand the advantage of a plurality of independent processor cores at once.General processor is designed to carry out multiple different task, and different task preselected do not carried out specialization, and the multiprocessor configuration can comprise one or more general processors, and the one or more specialized processor that is suitable for handling the predefine set of tasks.In any case, in an equipment, particularly in the mobile device of for example mobile device 10, realize that a plurality of processors need assembly is carried out complete and complicated redesign traditionally.
Below, the present invention will provide such notion, and it supports additional processor core is integrated in the realization of existing treatment facility simply, thereby omits complete and complicated redesign of a high price.This creativeness notion is described frame of reference chip (SoC) design.The notion of System on Chip/SoC (SoC) is that numerous at least (or all) assembly with treatment facility is integrated in the single high integrated chip.Such System on Chip/SoC can comprise numeral, simulation, mixed signal, and often comprises radio-frequency enabled, and all these functions are all on a chip.Typical treatment facility comprises the integrated circuit of a plurality of execution different tasks.These integrated circuits can comprise microprocessor, memory, universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART), serial port, direct memory visit (DMA) controller etc. especially.Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) is changed between the parallel bit of data and serial data.The complexity phenomenal growth that the recent development of semiconductor technology can be supported very lagre scale integrated circuit (VLSIC) (VLSI), this can be integrated into numerous system components in the single chip it.With reference to figure 7, one of them or multicompartment more, for example controller 130 and 170, memory assembly 150 and 140 and one or more interface 200,180 and 110 can be integrated in the single chip with processor 100, finally form System on Chip/SoC (SoC).
And described equipment 10 has inventive operation according to the present invention and is used for the module 105 of video data scalable coding and the module 106 of scalable decoding.By CPU100, can use described module 105,106 independently.Yet described equipment 10 is suitable for carrying out respectively video data encoding or decoding.Described video data can receive by means of the communication module of equipment, and perhaps it also can be stored in equipment 10 interior any imaginabale storage devices.Video data can transmit with bit stream between other electronic equipment of equipment 10 and communication network.
Generally speaking, the present invention a kind of FGS entropy coding method is provided, it is applicable to the situation the when refinement coefficients of FGS layer has prediction different with its basic layer.When the refinement coefficients of prediction service time and FGS layer in FGS layer coding has the prediction that is different from its basic layer, if the FGS layer by partial decoding of h, then may cause drifting problem.This drifting problem may the appreciable impact coding efficiency.The invention provides a kind of new FGS entropy coding method, it can solve or greatly alleviate this drift effect, and improved coding efficiency is provided thus.
Can use three kinds of different FGS methods: based on the FGS entropy coding of spatial frequency position; The FGS entropy coding that is used for the double loop structure of object decoder device; And has the piece restriction FGS entropy coding of coding stage.In first method, drifting problem is to be caused by the separation in the loop blocks coding method " stage " coded sequence basically.No matter at first which is encoded in stage, all can't avoid drifting problem during by partial decoding of h at the FGS layer.Thus, in order to address the above problem, will no longer in " processing " that separate, effective information and refinement information be encoded.The substitute is, it is encoded according to staggered or order by merging.By second method, the effective coefficient of can guaranteeing to become in basic layer has identical prediction at enhancement layer.Therefore, those coefficients do not comprise any compensation to predictor difference in the further refinement of enhancement layer.Thus, the refinement information of these coefficients only helps to improve picture quality, and can not introduce any drift effect.By third party's method, with the efficient coding treatment limits in piece.For given piece, as long as all effective informations in the piece are encoded, just can be considered as finishing, and can begin coding thus refinement information in this piece with effectively handling at this piece.
Thus, the invention provides the entropy coding method that a kind of digital video sequences that comprises uses in encoding in to view data, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of.Described method comprises:
Form a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of representative from the enhanced layer information of view data;
In a plurality of code period, scan described a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks according to predefined procedure;
In each cycle, from described a plurality of each, select the subclass of conversion coefficient; And
According to predefined procedure the conversion coefficient subclass of described selection is carried out entropy coding.
The entropy coding method that the present invention also provides a kind of digital video sequences that comprises in to view data to use in decoding, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of.Described method comprises:
Be formed for storing representative a plurality of from the conversion coefficient of the enhanced layer information of view data;
In a plurality of code period, scan described a plurality of of being used for the store transformed coefficient based on predefined procedure;
For described a plurality of each, in each cycle, select conversion coefficient subclass to be decoded; And
Based on predefined procedure the selected conversion coefficient subclass in described a plurality of each is carried out the entropy decoding.
According to the present invention, the selection in coding or the decoding is at least in part based on the spatial frequency position of each coefficient in the piece, or carries out in the following manner: make that the coefficient of efficiency in the piece is selected prior to the refinement coefficients in the piece.When conversion coefficient is included in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients and all the other coefficients, carry out selection by this way: at first be chosen in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients, and select described all the other coefficients according to order according to the spatial frequency position of all the other coefficients from each piece.
The invention provides the entropy coder that a kind of digital video sequences that comprises in to view data uses in encoding, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of.Described encoder comprises:
Be used to form the module of representative from a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of the enhanced layer information of view data;
Be used for according to the module of predefined procedure at the described a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of a plurality of code period scannings;
Be used for from described a plurality of each, selecting the module of the subclass of conversion coefficient in each cycle; And
Be used for the conversion coefficient subclass of described selection being carried out the module of entropy coding according to predefined procedure, wherein, described selection module is suitable for selecting according to the spatial frequency position of each coefficient in the piece at least in part the subclass of conversion coefficient, perhaps select the conversion coefficient subclass from each piece by this way: make that the coefficient of efficiency the piece is selected prior to refinement coefficients, perhaps select conversion coefficient from each piece by this way: at first be chosen in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients, and select described all the other coefficients according to order based on the spatial frequency position of all the other coefficients.
The decoder that the present invention also provides a kind of digital video sequences that comprises in to view data to use in decoding, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of.Described decoder comprises:
Be used to form and be used to store a plurality of piece the module of representative from the conversion coefficient of the enhanced layer information of view data;
Be used for based on predefined procedure in the described a plurality of module that is used for the store transformed coefficient of a plurality of code period scannings;
Be used for selecting the module of conversion coefficient subclass to be decoded in each cycle at described a plurality of each; And
Be used for the described selected conversion coefficient subclass of described a plurality of each being carried out the module of entropy decoding based on predefined procedure.
Above-mentioned Code And Decode method can be used in the software application product and realizes, described product comprises computer-readable recording medium, it has the software application of using in the entropy coding of scalable video, described software application has the program code that is used to carry out above-described coding or coding/decoding method.
Above-mentioned encoder can be implemented in the electronic equipment of portable terminal for example.
Thus, although it is described with reference to the one or more execution modes of the present invention, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that and to carry out above-mentioned and various other change, omission and distortion to its form and details, and do not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. the entropy coding method that uses during a digital video sequences that comprises in to view data is encoded, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of, and described method is characterised in that:
Form a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of representative from the enhanced layer information of described view data;
In a plurality of code period, scan described a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks according to predefined procedure;
In each cycle, from described a plurality of each, select the conversion coefficient subclass; And
According to described predefined procedure the conversion coefficient subclass of described selection is carried out entropy coding.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described selection is at least based on the spatial frequency position of each coefficient in the piece.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, carries out the selection from each piece by this way: make that the coefficient of efficiency described is selected prior to all the other coefficients in described.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described conversion coefficient is included in discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients and all the other coefficient, and be, carry out selection by this way: at first be chosen in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients, and select described all the other coefficients according to order based on the spatial frequency position of described all the other coefficients from each piece.
5. the entropy coding method that uses during a digital video sequences that comprises in to view data is decoded, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of, and described method is characterised in that:
Be formed for storing representative a plurality of from the conversion coefficient of the enhanced layer information of described view data;
In a plurality of code period, scan described a plurality of of being used for the store transformed coefficient based on predefined procedure;
In each cycle, select conversion coefficient subclass to be decoded at described a plurality of each; And
Based on predefined procedure the described selected conversion coefficient subclass in described a plurality of each is carried out the entropy decoding.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described selection is at least in part based on the spatial frequency position of each coefficient in the piece.
7. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, carries out described selection from each piece by this way: make that the coefficient of efficiency described is selected prior to the refinement coefficients in described.
8. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described conversion coefficient is included in effective refinement coefficients and all the other coefficients in the discrete basic layer, and be, carry out selection by this way: at first be chosen in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients, and select described all the other coefficients according to order based on the spatial frequency position of described all the other coefficients from each piece.
9. the entropy coder that uses during a digital video sequences that comprises in to view data is encoded, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of, and described encoder is characterised in that:
Be used to form the module of representative from a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of the enhanced layer information of view data;
Be used for according to the module of predetermined order at the described a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of a plurality of code period scannings;
Be used for from described a plurality of each, selecting the module of conversion coefficient subclass in each cycle; And
Be used for the conversion coefficient subclass of described selection being carried out the module of entropy coding according to predefined procedure.
10. encoder according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described selection module is suitable for selecting the conversion coefficient subclass according to the spatial frequency position of each coefficient in the piece at least.
11. encoder according to claim 9 is characterized in that, described selection module is suitable for coming by this way selecting described conversion coefficient subclass from each piece: make that the coefficient of efficiency in described is selected prior to the refinement coefficients in described.
12. encoder according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, described conversion coefficient is included in discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients and all the other coefficient, and be, described selection module is suitable for coming by this way from each piece selecting described conversion coefficient: at first be chosen in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients, and select described all the other coefficients according to the order based on the spatial frequency position of described all the other coefficients.
13. the decoder that uses during a digital video sequences that comprises in to view data is decoded, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of, and described decoder is characterised in that:
Be used to form and be used to store a plurality of piece the module of representative from the conversion coefficient of the enhanced layer information of view data;
Be used for based on predefined procedure in the described a plurality of module that is used for the store transformed coefficient of a plurality of code period scannings;
Be used for selecting the module of conversion coefficient subclass to be decoded at described a plurality of each in each cycle; And
Be used for the described selected conversion coefficient subclass of described a plurality of each being carried out the module of entropy decoding based on predefined procedure.
14. decoder according to claim 13 is characterized in that, described selection module is suitable for selecting described conversion coefficient based on the spatial frequency position of each coefficient in the piece at least.
15. decoder according to claim 13 is characterized in that, described selection module is suitable for coming by this way selecting described conversion coefficient from each piece: make that the coefficient of efficiency in described is selected prior to the refinement coefficients in described.
16. decoder according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, described conversion coefficient is included in effective refinement coefficients and all the other coefficients in the discrete basic layer, and be, described selection module is suitable for coming by this way selecting described conversion coefficient from each piece: at first be chosen in the discrete basic layer effectively refinement coefficients, and select described all the other coefficients according to the order based on the spatial frequency position of described all the other coefficients.
17. software application product, comprise computer-readable recording medium, described computer-readable recording medium has the software application that is used for carrying out at scalable video entropy coding, and described software application has the program code of the method that is used for enforcement of rights requirement 1.
18. software application product, comprise computer-readable recording medium, described computer-readable recording medium has the software application that is used for carrying out at scalable video the entropy decoding, and described software application has the program code of the method that is used for enforcement of rights requirement 5.
19. an electronic equipment is characterized in that:
Be used for carrying out at the digital video sequences that view data is comprised the encoder of Code And Decode, described digital video sequences comprises a plurality of frames, and each frame of described sequence comprises the pel array that is divided into a plurality of, and wherein, described encoder comprises:
Be used to form the module of representative from a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of the enhanced layer information of view data;
Be used for according to the module of predefined procedure at the described a plurality of transformation coefficient blocks of a plurality of code period scannings;
Be used for from described a plurality of each, selecting the module of conversion coefficient subclass in each cycle; And
Be used for the conversion coefficient subclass of described selection being carried out the module of entropy coding according to predefined procedure; And
Described decoder comprises:
Be used to form and be used to store a plurality of piece the module of representative from the conversion coefficient of the enhanced layer information of view data;
Be used for based on predefined procedure in the described a plurality of module that is used for the store transformed coefficient of a plurality of code period scannings;
Be used for selecting the module of conversion coefficient subclass to be decoded at described a plurality of each in each cycle; And
Be used for the described selected conversion coefficient subclass of described a plurality of each being carried out the module of entropy decoding based on predefined procedure.
20. electronic equipment according to claim 19 comprises portable terminal.
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| US75774506P | 2006-01-09 | 2006-01-09 | |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103636223A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-03-12 | 高通股份有限公司 | Multiple zone scanning order for video coding |
| WO2014106377A1 (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2014-07-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | Coding and decoding method and device for image |
| CN108259901A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2018-07-06 | 黑莓有限公司 | Context for brigade commander's encoding transform coefficients to be carried out with entropy coding determines |
| CN110324639A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-11 | 苹果公司 | The technology of efficient entropy coding for video data |
| CN113556555A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2021-10-26 | Ge视频压缩有限责任公司 | Coding of significance maps and transform coefficient blocks |
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| CN113556555A (en) * | 2010-04-13 | 2021-10-26 | Ge视频压缩有限责任公司 | Coding of significance maps and transform coefficient blocks |
| CN103636223A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2014-03-12 | 高通股份有限公司 | Multiple zone scanning order for video coding |
| WO2014106377A1 (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2014-07-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | Coding and decoding method and device for image |
| CN108259901A (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2018-07-06 | 黑莓有限公司 | Context for brigade commander's encoding transform coefficients to be carried out with entropy coding determines |
| CN108259901B (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2020-09-15 | 黑莓有限公司 | Context determination for entropy coding of run-length encoded transform coefficients |
| CN110324639A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-11 | 苹果公司 | The technology of efficient entropy coding for video data |
| CN110324639B (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-11-26 | 苹果公司 | Techniques for efficient entropy encoding of video data |
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