CN101388570A - Data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system - Google Patents
Data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101388570A CN101388570A CNA200810123562XA CN200810123562A CN101388570A CN 101388570 A CN101388570 A CN 101388570A CN A200810123562X A CNA200810123562X A CN A200810123562XA CN 200810123562 A CN200810123562 A CN 200810123562A CN 101388570 A CN101388570 A CN 101388570A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- message
- numbering
- ars
- data
- application
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/16—Electric power substations
Landscapes
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a quick, reliable and interactive method of data in an automatic system of a converting station, which belongs to the technical field of automation of converting stations. As the development of computer technology and communication technology, in particular to the development of Ethernet network technology, a traditional automatic system of a converting station is gradually replaced by a networked automatic system of a converting station which integrates the functions of controlling, measuring, gathering, protecting and network communication. And the newest converting station communication protocol which is drafted by IEC adopts a model building technique which faces to objects, which proposes higher requirement to the property of equipment in converting stations, and therefore, the method is restricted by automatic equipment in the aspects of CPU speed, property of operation system, manufacturing cost, development cost and the like in the process of popularizing. The method can simply, quickly and reliably achieve the interaction of data of automatic systems in converting stations, can be widely used in low-voltage, middle-voltage, high-voltage, extra-high voltage and ultra-high voltage converting stations, and can effectively lower automatic commission and operation cost of converting stations.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automation of transformation substations technical field, relate in particular to the exchange method of electric substation automation system data flow.
Background technology
Along with computer technology and development of Communication Technique, particularly development of Ethernet technology, the networked electric substation automation system that traditional electric substation automation system is just progressively integrated control, measurement, collection, protection, network service replaces.The on-the-spot interface of I/O (I/O) that the conventional func device repeats has been avoided in the direct online of secondary device effectively in the transformer station, has really realized data sharing and resource-sharing between the equipment, has improved the real-time and the reliability of information.
Network is the tie that connects various device in the transformer station, and the rapidity of its reliability and message transmission has determined the availability of automated system, has also determined the developing direction of transformer station's network service structure and network communication protocol simultaneously.
Because IEC 61850 adopts OO modeling technique, equipment performance to transformer station has proposed higher requirement, therefore it will be subjected to many-sided restrictions such as CPU speed, operating system performance, manufacturing cost, development cost of automation equipment in the popularization process, IEC61850 does not have the scheme of two Netcoms letter yet in addition, and the application of IEC 61850 will be a very long process.
The communication of the point-to-point of the most employing of the electric substation automation system data flow exchange method that exists at present, same data may need to transmit repeatedly, and efficient is lower.And do not have reliable communicating mechanism, data are lost easily, cause the electric substation automation system reliability to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system that this method provides is realized fast simply, can be extensive use of in low pressure, middle pressure, high pressure, superhigh pressure and ultra-high voltage transformer station, effectively reduces the automation of transformation substations cost that puts into operation.
The present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
This method adopts UDP (UserDatagramProtocol) to carry out network communication, because UDP is disconnected packet communication modes, can effectively guarantee the speed of communication, but message may be lost; This method provides a kind of pair of net and data re-transmitting mechanism, is used to guarantee the fast and reliable of data; Communication packet is divided into the needs application according to the importance that transmits data and retransmits message (being called for short ARS) and do not need application to retransmit message (being called for short NARS); Message is retransmitted in the needs application that certain equipment sends, if miscellaneous equipment does not receive that then need to retransmit to this equipment application, this equipment responds; All messages in this method all must be numbered, and are numbered 2 bytes, and a message numbering of every transmission adds one, and numbering is divided into NARS numbering and ARS numbering; The NARS numbering is used for general information data such as full remote measurement etc., and after the loss of data of using this numbering, any operation is not done by system, because their meeting timed sending can make the data of losing upgrade in time; The ARS numbering is used for important information message such as logout etc., and such message only can send once, if lose meeting log-on data retransmission mechanism, the application message is retransmitted; This method only considers that station level equipment retransmits to bay device application message, does not consider that bay device retransmits to station level equipment application message;
16 parts of ARS messages that station level equipment is only lost at last to the bay device application, for station level equipment after guaranteeing message dropping can be to the bay device application to message, bay device must the up-to-date ARS message of buffer memory 16-200 part, and capacity is big more can guarantee to take place a large amount of incident more the time, and message is uncovered;
Because usual important information message seldom, this moment, station level equipment can not receive the important information message for a long time, can't monitor the variation of ARS numbering, just can't judge also whether the important information message is lost, so this method requires bay device to give the backstage with current ARS numbering by handshake message, numbering is placed on last 2 bytes of handshake message, handshake message is sent once to station level equipment by the bay device per second, station level equipment can judge in one second whether message is lost, and in time the ARS that will lose applies for up again like this;
Predetermined distance layer equipment can send the ARS numbering by dual mode in the method: need application to retransmit message and handshake message; As: when transmission needs application to retransmit message current ARS is numbered+1 data number position of inserting then in the message, simultaneously with the 1st position 1 of the retransmission flag in the message; When sending handshake message the ARS numbering inserted latter two byte of handshake message;
The station level Equipment Inspection is behind the ARS message dropping, retransmit message to the bay device application, and the ARS that will lose numbering is given bay device by application repeating transmission message, after bay device is received the ARS numbering of losing, in the buffer area of oneself, search the message of identical numbering, if find then send behind retransmission flag the 0th position 1 with message, otherwise be left intact;
Along with the reduction of electric substation automation system technology content, More and more factories is taken to the electric substation automation system research and development and is produced, the market competition aggravation, and production cost is more and more crucial.The data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system that the invention provides is realized fast simply, can be extensive use of in low pressure and high voltage substation, effectively reduces the automation of transformation substations cost that puts into operation, the enhancing competitiveness of product in market.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the electric substation automation system network structure;
Fig. 2 is a network message structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is application service data cell of the present invention (ASDU) form schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is application service data cell of the present invention (ASDU) assembling format chart.
Embodiment
Also in conjunction with the embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is further described according to Figure of description below.
Be illustrated in figure 1 as the electric substation automation system network structure; The present invention is divided into station journey layer and wall with electric substation automation system on network configuration, the journey of standing layer mainly comprises supervisory control of substation backstage and master control device, and wall mainly comprises measure and control device and protective device.This structure does not have traditional Control on Communication layer, has therefore reduced communication redundancy, has improved communication efficiency, has more reduced the incidence of communication failure.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the network message structural representation;
68H:1 byte, synchronization character.
Length: 2 bytes are Source Type, source address, target type, destination address, message classification, retransmission flag, data number, data field sum.
68H:1 byte, synchronization character.
Source Type: 1 byte sends the communication packet type of device.
=0-supervisory control of substation backstage and master control device
=1-measure and control device and protective device
Source address: 2 bytes send the communication packet unit address
Target type: 1 byte receives the communication packet type of device.
=0-supervisory control of substation backstage and master control device
=1--measure and control device and protective device
=2--all station journey layer and bay devices
Destination address: 2 bytes receive the communication packet unit address
The message classification: 1 byte is used to distinguish different communication packets
Retransmission flag: 2 bytes.The 0th is the message that 1 this message of expression is attached most importance to and sent out, and the 0th is that 0 this message of expression is the proper communication message.The 1st is that 0 expression message does not need application to retransmit, and the 1st is that 1 expression message need be applied for retransmitting.Concrete implication is referring to the aftermentioned embodiment.
Data number: 2 bytes.Count (circulation between 0 ~ 65535) respectively to sending message according to source address, retransmission flag.Concrete implication is referring to the aftermentioned embodiment.
Data field: the ASDU message of assembling.ASDU message format of the present invention is quoted the ASDU message format in the supporting international standard of relay protection device information interface (IEC60870-5-103).
Be illustrated in figure 3 as ASDU form schematic diagram; Concrete implication is referring to the IEC60870-5-103 international standard.
Be illustrated in figure 4 as ASDU and carry out assembly drawing; Consider that the ASDU broadcasting packet is too many between station level equipment and bay device, network bumps easily, conflicts, and needs the ASDU broadcasting packet is assembled.
1, arbitrary node (supervisory control of substation backstage, master control device, measure and control device, protective device etc.) UDP (UserDatagramProtocol) broadcasting packet of every transmission or point-to-point message of UDP/IP, whether data number is retransmitted respectively the data number value to be counted according to message adds one.After arbitrary node is received a udp broadcast message or the point-to-point message of UDP/IP, should write down the data number value of all other nodes respectively, and whether each node retransmits record respectively according to message.Arbitrary node is handled (suppose: a preceding message data is numbered M, and current message data is numbered N) by following principle after receiving a new message:
A, as N=M, N=(M-1+65534) %65534, (M-2+65534) %65534 ... (M-16+65534) during %65534, current message is given up.
B, when N=(M+1) %65534, the data number value is upgraded, current message normal process.
C, as N=(M+2) %65534, (M+3) %65534 ... (M+17) during %65534, current message normal process, the data number value is record again; If what receive is the message that needs application to retransmit, then also need apply for retransmitting the message of losing (this method is only considered to retransmit from single net application and single net), application retransmit lose message the data number scope from (M+2) %65534 to N.
D, when receiving other message, the data number value is record again, current message normal process.
E, when receiving the message of repeating transmission, do not carry out the judgement of data number;
2, during two network operation, need send message simultaneously to two nets, wherein the data number value of message is the same.
3, each node needs the timed sending handshake message.
4, main-standby nodes sends data rule: host node is responsible for sending data, and by handshake message the state of main-standby nodes is delivered to the backstage; Slave node only sends handshake message, so that the backstage monitors the two network card status of spare communication administrative unit.
5, reliable communicating mechanism
This method adopts UDP to carry out network communication, because UDP is disconnected packet communication modes, message may be lost.This method provides data re-transmitting mechanism, is used to guarantee the complete of data.
Communication packet is divided into the needs application according to the importance that transmits data and retransmits message (being called for short ARS) and do not need application to retransmit message (being called for short NARS).Message is retransmitted in the needs application that certain node sends, if other node does not receive that then need to retransmit to this node application, this node responds.All messages in this method all must be numbered, and are numbered 2 bytes, and a message numbering of every transmission adds one, and numbering is divided into NARS numbering and ARS numbering; The NARS numbering is used for general information data such as full remote measurement etc., and after the loss of data of using this numbering, any operation is not done by system, because their meeting timed sending can make the data of losing upgrade in time.The ARS numbering is used for important information message such as SOE etc., and such message only can send once, if lose meeting log-on data retransmission mechanism, the application message is retransmitted.This method only considers that station level equipment retransmits to bay device application message, does not consider that bay device retransmits to station level equipment application message.
16 parts of ARS messages that station level equipment is only lost at last to the bay device application, for station level equipment after guaranteeing message dropping can be to the bay device application to message, bay device must the up-to-date ARS message of buffer memory 16-200 part, and capacity is big more can guarantee to take place a large amount of incident more the time, and message is uncovered.
Because usual important information message seldom, this moment, station level equipment can not receive the important information message for a long time, can't monitor the variation of ARS numbering, just can't judge also whether the important information message is lost, so this method requires bay device to give the backstage with current ARS numbering by handshake message, numbering is placed on last 2 bytes of handshake message, handshake message is sent once to station level equipment by the bay device per second, station level equipment can judge in one second whether message is lost, and in time the ARS that will lose applies for up again like this.
Predetermined distance layer equipment can send the ARS numbering by dual mode in the method: need application to retransmit message and handshake message.As: when transmission needs application to retransmit message current ARS is numbered+1 data number position of inserting then in the message, simultaneously with the 1st position 1 of the retransmission flag in the message (specifically message format please be checked the network message structure).When sending handshake message the ARS numbering inserted latter two byte (concrete message format please be checked the handshake message part) of handshake message.
The station level Equipment Inspection is behind the ARS message dropping, retransmit message to the bay device application, and the ARS that will lose numbering is given bay device by application repeating transmission message, after bay device is received the ARS numbering of losing, in the buffer area of oneself, search the message of identical numbering, if find then send behind the 0th position 1 with message, otherwise be left intact.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as the communication packet structure, network message adopts TCP/IP, udp broadcast (UDP) and three kinds of communication modes of UDP point-to-point (UDP/IP).
When adopting UDP or UDP/IP communication mode, the Web broadcast port numbers is 9000.The network message maximum length is 1024 bytes, and message data district maximum length is 992 bytes (suggestion network message maximum length is 512 bytes, and message data district maximum length is 480 bytes).
Claims (7)
1, data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system, between electric substation automation system, adopt user data package communication modes UDP to carry out network communication, in order to prevent message dropping in the communication process, adopt two nets and data repeat mechanism, it is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) communication packet is divided into the needs application according to the importance that transmits data and retransmits message ARS and needs application repeating transmission message NARS not;
(2) with all message numberings, be numbered 2 bytes, a message numbering of every transmission adds 1, and numbering is according to whether needs application repeating transmission is divided into NARS numbering and ARS numbering;
(3) the NARS numbering is used for the general information data, and after the loss of data of using this numbering, any operation is not done by system, and the information data of using this numbering is by timed sending, so that the data of losing upgrade in time;
(4) the ARS numbering is used for the important information message, and such message only can send once, if lose then the log-on data retransmission mechanism, the application message is retransmitted;
(5) message ARS is retransmitted in the needs application that certain equipment is sent, if receiving equipment does not receive that need retransmit to sending the equipment application, the described equipment that sends responds.
2, data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system according to claim 1, it is characterized by: this method only allows station level equipment to retransmit to bay device application message, does not allow bay device to retransmit to station level equipment application message; Described station level equipment comprises supervisory control of substation backstage and master control device, and described bay device is the measure and control device and the protective device of transformer station.
3, data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system according to claim 2, it is characterized by: station level equipment is only retransmitted 16 parts of ARS messages losing at last to the bay device application, can be for station level equipment after guaranteeing message dropping to the bay device application to message, bay device must the up-to-date ARS message of buffer memory 16-200 part.
4, data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system according to claim 3, it is characterized by: described bay device is given the supervisory control of substation backstage with current ARS numbering by handshake message, numbering is placed on last 2 bytes of handshake message, handshake message is sent once to station level equipment by the bay device per second, station level equipment can judge in 1 second whether message is lost, and in time the ARS that will lose applies for up again like this.
5, data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system according to claim 4 is characterized by: bay device can send the ARS numbering by dual mode: the one, and need application to retransmit message and handshake message; The 2nd, when sending handshake message the ARS numbering inserted latter two byte of handshake message.
6, according to each described data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system among the claim 2-5, it is characterized by: the station level Equipment Inspection is behind the ARS message dropping, retransmit message to the bay device application, and the ARS that will lose numbering is given bay device by application repeating transmission message, after bay device is received the ARS numbering of losing, in the buffer area of oneself, search the message of identical numbering, if find then send behind retransmission flag the 0th position 1 with message, otherwise be left intact.
7, data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system according to claim 6 is characterized by: during two network operation, need send message simultaneously to two nets, wherein the data number value of message is the same.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200810123562XA CN101388570A (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2008-07-08 | Data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200810123562XA CN101388570A (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2008-07-08 | Data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101388570A true CN101388570A (en) | 2009-03-18 |
Family
ID=40477812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA200810123562XA Pending CN101388570A (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2008-07-08 | Data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101388570A (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101976883A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-02-16 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Self-adapting integrative five-prevention system based on Ethernet communication |
| CN102109849A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-06-29 | 江苏省电力设计院 | Method for realizing intelligent detection and verification of transformer substation system on basis of replacement function |
| CN101710734B (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-12-14 | 深圳南瑞科技有限公司 | Dual-network switching monitoring equipment of transformer substation |
| CN102460883A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-05-16 | Abb技术有限公司 | Protection lockout in substation automation |
| CN103944787A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 国家电网公司 | Station-level dual-network mode switching test method for intelligent substation |
| CN110278191A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-24 | 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 | User Datagram Protocol communication means, device, system and computer-readable medium |
| CN112073224A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-11 | 许继电气股份有限公司 | Intelligent substation interval electrical equipment measurement and control system and method |
-
2008
- 2008-07-08 CN CNA200810123562XA patent/CN101388570A/en active Pending
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102460883A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2012-05-16 | Abb技术有限公司 | Protection lockout in substation automation |
| CN102460883B (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2015-06-03 | Abb技术有限公司 | Protection lockout in substation automation |
| CN101710734B (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2011-12-14 | 深圳南瑞科技有限公司 | Dual-network switching monitoring equipment of transformer substation |
| CN101976883A (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2011-02-16 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Self-adapting integrative five-prevention system based on Ethernet communication |
| CN101976883B (en) * | 2010-10-14 | 2012-11-14 | 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 | Self-adapting integrative five-prevention system based on Ethernet communication |
| CN102109849A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-06-29 | 江苏省电力设计院 | Method for realizing intelligent detection and verification of transformer substation system on basis of replacement function |
| CN102109849B (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2012-05-23 | 江苏省电力设计院 | Method for realizing intelligent detection and verification of transformer substation system on basis of replacement function |
| CN103944787A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-23 | 国家电网公司 | Station-level dual-network mode switching test method for intelligent substation |
| CN103944787B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-09-30 | 国家电网公司 | The two net pattern handoff testing method of intelligent substation station level |
| CN110278191A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-24 | 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 | User Datagram Protocol communication means, device, system and computer-readable medium |
| CN110278191B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2022-05-20 | 西门子工厂自动化工程有限公司 | User datagram protocol communication method, device, system and computer readable medium |
| CN112073224A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-11 | 许继电气股份有限公司 | Intelligent substation interval electrical equipment measurement and control system and method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101388570A (en) | Data stream fast reliable interaction method for transformer plant automatic system | |
| CN102088393B (en) | Method for transmitting positive and negative data across safety zone | |
| CN102833112B (en) | Communication management machine having looped network function | |
| US20130110837A1 (en) | Data collecting concentrator and data collecting method | |
| CN106506347B (en) | A kind of multi-protocol data communication gate equipment for air traffic control system | |
| CN201600774U (en) | Double-channel automatic meter reading system | |
| CN103326963A (en) | Digital substation process level data exchanging device | |
| CN106411790A (en) | Data transmission method based on protection and control system of intelligent substation | |
| CN103746783A (en) | Extended communication method based on Modbus communication protocol | |
| CN102412990B (en) | Remote sensing satellite raw data recording system with centralized management and real-time transmission functions | |
| CN101286830A (en) | Double redundant high-speed IO network system based on dual-core controller for cards | |
| CN101753584B (en) | Method for improving rapid message processing speed of intelligent transformer substation under VxWorks system | |
| CN102857380A (en) | Remote upgrading method for power line carrier communication routing | |
| CN109413094A (en) | Aerospace data Transmission system based on HS-ADIX network | |
| CN102624633A (en) | Time-trigger-based SpaceWire network communication method | |
| CN102546217A (en) | Message filtering method | |
| CN103067237A (en) | Controller area network (CAN) communication protocol and application used for electric-bag or cloth-bag type dust collector control system | |
| CN102724164A (en) | Multi-communication protocol transmission apparatus of electric power control system and method thereof | |
| CN101110780A (en) | Method, device and system for transmitting control data flow | |
| CN107592285A (en) | A kind of intelligent communication gateway device and its system | |
| CN103618656A (en) | Master-slave nodes of networked logging downhole instrument and data processing method thereof | |
| CN109120063B (en) | Plug-and-play sensor monitoring method, system and acquisition unit thereof | |
| CN107425998B (en) | Communication link guarantee method based on industrial WIFI | |
| CN208141584U (en) | A kind of energy measurement data online acquisition and monitoring system | |
| CN103973530A (en) | Catching technology based information interaction bus data reliable-transmission method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20090318 |