CN101379375A - Method and apparatus for detection of radioactive material - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for detection of radioactive material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101379375A CN101379375A CNA2006800388557A CN200680038855A CN101379375A CN 101379375 A CN101379375 A CN 101379375A CN A2006800388557 A CNA2006800388557 A CN A2006800388557A CN 200680038855 A CN200680038855 A CN 200680038855A CN 101379375 A CN101379375 A CN 101379375A
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Abstract
A radioactive material detection system includes a radiation scanning system and an inertia test apparatus. The radiation scanning system detects the presence of radioactive material in a cargo receptacle. The inertia test apparatus configured to detect mass and moment or of inertia data or mass and rotational inertia data of a cargo receptacle. The inertia test apparatus provides an indication of the presence of shielding within the cargo receptacle.
Description
Technical field
Embodiments of the present invention relate to the method and apparatus that is used for the detection of radioactive material, more specifically, relate to the radioactive material that is used to detect conductively-closed or not conductively-closed and whether are present in the interior method and apparatus of container.
Background technology
The following fact is paid close attention to day by day, and promptly terrorist or other tissue may be attempted in the time of recent certain radioactive material or the nuclear material input U.S. or some other country, and these materials can be used to construct the nuclear weapon that can be used for carrying out terrorist incident.The mode of transporting this class radioactive material or nuclear material is these materials to be hidden in seem to be in the goods that does not have harm.For example, this class nuclear material can be placed in the sealed cargo container of standard, and this container is typically to be used for the container type of shipping goods by sea route, railway, aircraft or truck.Cargo container goods interior and that endanger with other nothing that nuclear material can be placed in this class sealing is placed in, container then is placed in, for example, in the cargo hold of van container cargo ship, described container freighter may thousands of or more this class container be transported to another place from the three unities.Typically, existing Cargo Inspection System is placed in the discharge of cargo port of this class container freighter or is installed in the port of entry.Because a large amount of containers transports by independent huge container freighter typically, so use present obtainable testing fixture and personnel to check the contraband goods that whether has any kind of in each container up hill and dale, comprise radioactive material or nuclear material, even be not impossible, also be very difficult.Owing to check required time and the delay of unacceptable container in transportation of each this class container, and potential memory space reasons such as (back up) huge in the process of loading and unloading container freighter, strengthen the checkout facility at place, port of entry and personnel and make it to be convenient to more thorough or check that more carefully each container is unpractiaca.
Some technology that are used for scan containers and other cargo receptacle are created, so that attempt detecting in the cargo container or the radioactive material in other cargo receptacle.In the exemplary scanning system, the scanner that container was moved and passed an equipment or moves on container, low speed (for example, surpass one minute cycle) traverse measurement the radiation lorry or railway carriage on of described equipment to continue.Yet the problem of scanning technique is, is difficult to detect by the material of aluminium or other high Z materials (high Z materials) shielding.Therefore, have many false rejections (falsenegative), promptly radiomaterial is not detected.
By the method and apparatus of the shielding of a kind of detection in cargo container or other containers is provided, and these data with obtained by scanning or other radiations detect data and combine so that discern the radioactive material and/or the radioactive material of conductively-closed more accurately, various embodiment of the present invention have overcome the relevant problem with existing container scanning system.
Summary of the invention
Briefly, embodiments of the invention comprise radioactive material detection, and this system comprises radiation scanning system and inertia test apparatus.The radiation scanning system detects the existence of radioactive material in the cargo receptacle.Inertia test apparatus is set to detect the quality of cargo receptacle and the quality and the rotational inertia data of inertia square data or cargo receptacle.Inertia test apparatus provides the indication that has shielding in the cargo receptacle.
An alternative embodiment of the invention comprises radioactive material detection, and this system comprises radiation scanning system and rotational inertia test apparatus.The radiation scanning system detects the existence of radioactive material in the cargo receptacle.Rotational inertia test apparatus is set to detect the rotational inertia data of cargo receptacle.The rotary inertia proving installation provides the indication that has the radiation shielding in the cargo receptacle, thereby has therefore reduced the false rejection probability of radiation scanning system.
An alternative embodiment of the invention comprises radioactive material detection, and this system comprises radiography scanner and inertia test apparatus initiatively.Radiography scanner initiatively is to the cargo receptacle imaging.Inertia test apparatus is set to detect the quality and the inertia data of cargo receptacle.Inertia test apparatus can provide the indication that has shielding in the cargo receptacle.
An alternative embodiment of the invention comprises the method that has shielding in the cargo receptacle that detects.This method comprises the step of using radiography scanner initiatively to obtain the cargo receptacle view data.Utilize inertia test apparatus to detect the quality and the inertia data of cargo receptacle.The indication that inertia test apparatus provides existence potential in the cargo receptacle to shield.When potential existence shielded in inertia test apparatus indicates cargo receptacle, the view data of cargo receptacle can be analyzed.
An alternative embodiment of the invention comprises the method that detects the shielding in a plurality of cargo receptacle.This method comprises the step of using radiography scanner initiatively to obtain the view data of each container in a plurality of cargo receptacle.Utilize inertia test apparatus to detect the quality and the inertia data of each container in a plurality of cargo receptacle.Whether potential inertia test apparatus provide in the specific cargo receptacle indication of existence shielding.When potential existence shielded in inertia test apparatus indicates specific cargo receptacle, the view data of the cargo receptacle that this is specific can be analyzed.
Description of drawings
When in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the detailed description of the following preferred embodiment of the present invention will be better understood.In order to show the present invention, the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing is current preferred.Yet, should be appreciated that device and the means determined shown in the invention is not restricted to.
Wherein:
Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of radioactive material pick-up unit according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of inertia test apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; With
Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram of radioactive material detection according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings, the similar element of identical Reference numeral representative in institute's drawings attached wherein, shown in Figure 1 is to be used to detect whether have the conductively-closed and the synoptic diagram of the radioactive material detection 10 of the radioactive material of conductively-closed not in container 12 according to of the present invention.
Before being unloaded on the cargo ship 100 by crane 16, the container of cargo container, similar case, cargo receptacle or other are typically transported detected object 12 by lorry 14 or train (not shown).Container freighter 100 is used in its cargo hold, holds a plurality of containers 12 that have about 10 feet * 10 feet * 40 feet preliminary dimensions usually in some cases on its deck.Before being loaded on the container freighter 100, container 12 loaded in advance will be from a local shipping to another place goods.Typically, before being placed on container freighter 100, will container 12 sealings of the goods for the treatment of shipping be housed in advance.The size of the cargo hold of container freighter 100 be suitable for holding with other containers 12 have side by side, a plurality of containers 12 of end to end position relation, one in described container is stacked on another ground, top, thereby can effectively utilize the free space of container freighter 100 and obtain maximum conevying efficiency.Container 12 is typically made by iron or other rigidity, high-intensity material; so that can provide sufficient anchorage force for stacked container 12; can adequately protect simultaneously and can not damaged by the goods of shipping in each container 12, this damage might take place during the shipping of container 12 or load/unload.Typical van container cargo ship 100 can hold 1,000 or more container 12 from a local shipping to another place.As mentioned above, because the size of the container 12 on each container freighter 100 and in the quantity of container 12, unloaded down so that when further transporting from container freighter 100 at container 12, fully each container 12 is carried out the contraband inspection, comprise radioactive material, even can not also not be difficult.
Embodiments of the invention provide and have been used for detecting the method and system that whether has radioactive material or nuclear material in this type of container 12 before going up being placed on container freighter 100 (or some other Transportation Model).
The purpose of radiation scanning system 20 is to detect violate a ban radiation or nuclear material (fissioner).May be in cargo container by legal transportation be intended to be used for induced activity's material of medical treatment or commercial Application also can be detected.Therefore, the detection of the radiation scanning system 20 of native system also may produce the flase drop survey of tangible secret fissioner.The examined minimized a kind of method of this misconnection is to use neutron-sensitive independent detecting device, and described detecting device is as the part of radiation scanning system 20.A large amount of spontaneous radioelement and artificial radioactive isotope can given-ioff neutrons, and fissioner can given-ioff neutron.
Another examined method of potential misconnection of identification radiation scanning system 20 is also to detect gamma-ray spectral characteristics.The gamma rays that each radioactive isotope emission has discernible characteristic energy spectrum.By detecting gamma ray spectrum, specific source material can be easy to identify.Detection can be registered as continuous spectrum or be selecteed conventional scale (energy bin) suitably more simply.Detecting device can commercially obtain with the relevant electronic installation that is recorded in radiation in the specific energy windows.For example, energy peak is about the potassium 40 of 1.466 MeVs (MEV) can promptly with in other isotopes be distinguished mutually, particularly with in the fissioner with different-energy peak value distinguishes mutually.Specific target material also has the spectrum of himself, and for example, plutonium has the energy peak that is about 0.4137MEV, and the uranium of weapon-grade has the energy peak that is about 0.143MEV, and these all are the examples that are used for the interested spectrum line of each self-identifying.Other natural and artificial isotopes can be identified in the same spectrum of fissioner.Heavily the existence of shielding (for example, " high Z material ") radioactive source and detecting device may reduce with the interference characteristic spectral line potentially and therefore reduce the validity that spectrum is discerned.Yet commercial acceptable, the material of the natural generation of proper transportation such as potassium, is distributed evenly in the cargo container and quilt shielding by mistake probably.Therefore, some radiations still can straightway arrival detecting devices and thereby can be provided the device that detects correlation energy spectrum and identification signal.Man-made radiation sources also has the characteristic radiation signal and states on the shipping cargo manifest ideally, to be convenient to the generation that flase drop is surveyed.Therefore, can provide clear identification to the target radiation material at the spectral analysis of this system, and to the clear identification of non-target natural radioisotope or industrial materials radiant.Even disturbed energy spectrum disturbed so that energy reduces by typical, and therefore represented the spectrum of specific down direction to disturb, and it is useful in detection that this spectrum disturbs.
A large amount of shieldings intentionally of part or all of container 12 inside are keeping potential concern.In order to make this shielding more efficient, it both should comprise gamma decay assembly and neutron attenuation assembly.The gamma attenuating material is must be very thick close and have a high atomicity, such as plumbous or similar high density material.On the other hand, the neutron attenuation material must have low atomic wts and volume big.Because the restriction of the weight and volume of container, the conflicting shielding demand between gamma radiation and neutron is unpractical.In order to satisfy weight constraints, the desired high density shielding of gamma radiation must correctly be concentrated on around the fissioner.This has caused and the out-of-proportion high weight of the moment of inertia ratio of container 12.As a result of, by measuring the weight torque ratio for the moment of inertia ratio of container 12, a large amount of shieldings in the container 12 can be detected.Any container 12 with weight torque ratio of high unusually moment of inertia ratio can indicate has heavier shielding, is used for further analysis thereby can be identified.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, radiation scanning system 20 can comprise that any type of active that will be described or passive radiation detect, and/or combine with data from the device that is used to detect shielding, so that minimize false rejection, promptly, when in fact having radioactive material to exist, seldom or do not have radiation data.
A kind of method that overcomes the problem of the radioactive material that detects conductively-closed is to seek the existence of screen itself in container 12, thereby as the indicator that may have radioactive material.A kind of method of effective searching shielding material is to use gamma rays imager 22, and this imager can produce gamma radiation and make it pass container 12, so that make the content imaging of container 12.For example be used for screening type high Z material can by imaging and therefore by from the gamma rays image detection of gamma rays imager 22 outputs to.The whole process of imaging and analysis can be finished with 5 minutes or more time, and wherein, analyzed member of most of the time is shared rather than catch Image Data.Scanning or all containers 12 of imaging are supposed to, but in fact only analyze the view data that those may have some other indications, and described indication represents to have in the container 12 indicator signal of radioactive material and/or shielding.
In container 12, seek the moment of inertia that another method that has shielding is to use container 12.Radioactive material detection 10 also comprises inertia test apparatus 30.When the moment of inertia of measured container 12 changed with predetermined side-play amount, inertia test apparatus 30 can be judged used heavily shielding in specific container 12.In order to eliminate radiation scanning system 20 owing to the sensitivity that a large amount of shieldings cause descends, the present invention includes and be used for before being loaded into container 12 on the container freighter measuring in the quality of each cargo container 12 that loads the harbour and at least one, be preferably the device 30 of three moment of inertia, therefore, the measurement of thresholding quality/concentrated moment of inertia can be considered to may detect under the false rejection condition.Inertia test apparatus 30 provides the indication that has shielding in the cargo container 12.
Alternatively, the moment of inertia test can be carried out on each container that betransported 12 by inertia test apparatus 30.Rotational inertia test is drawn together one or more edges of promoting container 12 simply and is measured motion and/or acceleration for given lifting force.This test can be along one or more execution.The density of any shielding material can be utilized the overall weight of simple algorithm and detection data that measure and container 12 and be determined.It may be that the indication-concentrated weight how to concentrate may be high density shielding (that is, " high Z material " or analog) that this calculating provides the whole weight of container 12.Therefore, when the moment of inertia that measures changed with predetermined side-play amount, radioactive material detection 10 can determine to have used in the specific container 12 heavily shielding.This technology can be used to test the false rejection that comes from radiation scanning system 20.Inertia data can be provided in the judgement that has shielding during the loading and unloading under any transportation environment, this loading and unloading process comprises shipping, train, lorry, automobile, airfreight container and under almost any other transportation environment or non-transportation environment, in described environment, comprise material details may be unclear or may be unavailable for observing.
Usually, moment of inertia or moment of inertia can be within several seconds, rather than within a few minutes, provide the indications that have shielding in the container 12.The inertia test of container 12 does not need to be subjected to the analyst or the technician of training to analyze yet.
Because the purpose of radiograph imaging (gamma rays reflection) and inertia test is the potential shielding of identification nuclear material, so can adopt the method for asynchronous analysis, described method allows more, and the inertia test of " coarse " is used to screening (screen) specific container 12, then, it may have more high-grade analysis, such as observing radiograph (gamma rays) image.Asynchronous analysis means and reads at first or obtain data and do not analyze or decoded data, but waits until the analysis that determines whether carry out raw data later the time.Therefore, asynchronous be a kind of during goods is in travel position with time budget with expand to the method for another time cycle.By using inertia test data screening container 12 so that determine which ray image should be observed, as the part of freight transportation process, the handling capacity at harbour can be maintained at higher level in the inspection level that is consistent.
Another method of screening which radiographic image need be observed again is that (both waited and be loaded on the container freighter 100) is placed on passive radiation sensor 32 on each container 12 when container 12 is lined up formation.Formation can comprise the storage place, and container 12 was saved before being loaded onto cargo ship 100 there.For example, can utilize that (content of this patent is used as list of references and is added into herein for Bohine, the passive radiation sensor 32 described in patent Jr.) as at U.S. Patent number being 6,891,470.
Come from waybill and come from other and the type of particulars of goods by use, the consignor, destination, the information of other information sources that the historical record of goods etc. are relevant, and in conjunction with radiation scanning system 20 and relevant assembly, the performance of embodiments of the invention can obtain further lifting.The example of a this information of use is relevant with the shipping inventory of the thresholding concentration degree of known artificial radioactivity source or above-specified high density material.Coming from information of the present invention has improved the probability that detects fissioner with combining of the information that comes from other information sources and has minimized that misconnection is subjected to or the probability of false rejection.Therefore, embodiments of the invention comprise the regulation that merges the data come from the different pieces of information source, detect (positive detection) and minimize that misconnection is subjected to or false rejection to improve real acceptance.
Preferably, after this information that comes from radioactive scanning system 20 and inertia test apparatus 30 of collection be sent to information handling system 46.In the present embodiment, information handling system 46 is computing machines, and this computing machine comprises that suitable software analyzes the information signal that comes from each radiation scanning system 20 and inertia test apparatus 30 allowing.Preferably, information handling system 46 comprises the database of information that storage is collected from the radiation scanning system 20 relevant with each container 12 and inertia test apparatus 30, for use in interrelated and follow the trail of.The information that receives is set up the profile of each container 12, and it comprises inertia data and radioactive scan data, so that the unusual and/or high numerical value of two data sets can trigger concern or the alarm relevant with particular container 12.Information handling system 46 allows the operator to watch and explain radioactive scan data and container 12 is made comment in record.Therefore, even radioactive scan data can not trigger alarm when cargo ship or other boats and ships 100 are loaded, cargo ship or other boats and ships 100 before harbour, source S (Fig. 3) longshore, the transportation or at it before purpose harbour D (Fig. 3) loading and unloading, combined and resolved data can be used to stop cargo ship or other boats and ships 100 afterwards.For example, if the analyst notices the inertia test data of particular container and has exceeded index, and radioactive scan data is within index, then specific container 12 can be labeled out for use in other processing, background inspection or use such as range check, more highdensity active scan are being 6 as U.S. Patent number, the drive sweep of disclosed system in 891,470 the patent.
Alternatively, radioactive material detection 200 comprises remote command center (Fig. 3), as being 6 at U.S. Patent number, 965, described in the patent of 314B2 like that, its content is used as list of references and is incorporated into this, and its reception and storage come from radioactive material detection 10 and/or come from the database of information of information handling system 46.The information permission relevant with each container 12 that comes from radioactive scanning system 20 and inertia test apparatus 30 that receives combines with other data and carries out data analysis; thereby be convenient to discern unusual or unusual data, described abnormality or abnormal data indicate and have radioactive material probably.The information that comes from radioactive scanning system 20 and inertia test apparatus 30 that the software analysis that can use in information handling system 46 receives also is used for the purpose that definite any this class makes a variation, and this variation can indicate and have radioactive material or nuclear material.
When persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the specific preferred embodiment of the system that has radiomaterial in describing the container 12 that is used to detect on the cargo ship deck, key concept of the present invention also is applicable under other environment.For example, same basic fundamental and means can be used for whether existing in the container that sensing otherwise betransported radioactive material or nuclear material, such as by railway, air transport, lorry etc.And same technology is applied to sensing alternatively and whether has radioactive material or nuclear material under non-container environment, such as non-encased conveying, transportation in bulk or than inner wrapping such as box or chest transportation.Therefore, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that basic purport of the present invention is to combine with radioactive scan data with container or other inertia data with tested object, for use in following purpose: detect conductively-closed and/or not the radioactive material of conductively-closed existence and so minimize false rejection and check.
Persons of ordinary skill in the art may appreciate that the variation of being done to the foregoing description can't depart from the main spirit of the present invention.Therefore, should be appreciated that, the invention is not restricted to disclosed certain embodiments, but be intended to cover the various modifications that are in spirit of the present invention as defined by the appended claims and the protection domain.
Claims (17)
1. radioactive material detection, described system comprises:
The radiation scanning system, described radiation scanning system detects the existence at radioactive material described in the cargo receptacle; With
Moment of inertia proving installation, described moment of inertia proving installation are set to detect the quality and the moment of inertia data of cargo receptacle, and described moment of inertia proving installation provides the indication that has the radiation shielding in the cargo receptacle, thus and the false rejection of reduction radiation scanning system.
2. radioactive material detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described moment of inertia proving installation is integrated in the platform of drive-on type.
3. radioactive material detection according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the platform of described drive-on type also comprises and is used for scale that cargo receptacle is weighed.
4. radioactive material detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described radiation scanning system comprises at least one in active scan instrument and the drive sweep instrument.
5. radioactive material detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described moment of inertia proving installation is integrated in the lifting equipment.
6. radioactive material detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that quality exceeds predetermined value to the ratio of moment of inertia, and the sensitivity of described radiation scanning system increases.
7. radioactive material detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described system also comprises:
Information handling system, described information handling system receive radiation scan-data that comes from described radiation scanning system and the inertia data that comes from described inertia torque test device.
8. radioactive material detection, described system comprises:
The radiation scanning system, described radiation scanning system detects the existence of radioactive material in cargo receptacle; With
Rotational inertia test apparatus, described rotational inertia test apparatus is set to detect the rotational inertia data of cargo receptacle, described rotational inertia test apparatus provides the indication that has the radiation shielding in the cargo receptacle, thereby reduces the false rejection of described radiation scanning system.
9. radioactive material detection according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described radiation scanning system comprises at least one in active scan instrument and the drive sweep instrument.
10. radioactive material detection according to claim 8 is characterized in that described rotational inertia test apparatus is integrated in the lifting equipment.
11. radioactive material detection according to claim 8 is characterized in that, quality exceeds predetermined value to the ratio of moment of inertia, and the sensitivity of radiation scanning system increases.
12. radioactive material detection according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described system also comprises:
Information handling system, described information handling system receive radiation scan-data that comes from the radiation scanning system and the inertia data that comes from the moment of inertia proving installation.
13. a radioactive material detection, described system comprises:
Active radiograph scanner, described active radiograph scanner is to the cargo receptacle imaging; With
Inertia test apparatus, described inertia test apparatus are set to detect the quality and the inertia data of cargo receptacle, and described inertia test apparatus provides the indication that has shielding in the cargo receptacle.
14. a method that detects the shielding in the cargo receptacle, described method comprises the steps:
Use the active ray scanner to obtain the view data of cargo receptacle;
Use inertia test apparatus to detect the quality and the inertia data of cargo receptacle, described inertia test apparatus provides the indication that has potential shielding in the cargo receptacle; With
When in inertia test apparatus provides cargo receptacle, having the indication of potential shielding, analyze the view data of cargo receptacle.
15. radioactive material detection according to claim 14 is characterized in that, described active scan instrument is the radiograph scanner.
16. a method that detects the shielding in a plurality of cargo receptacle, described method comprises the steps:
Use active radiograph scanner to obtain the view data of each container in a plurality of cargo receptacle;
Use inertia test apparatus to detect the quality and the inertia data of each container in a plurality of cargo receptacle, described inertia test apparatus provides the indication that has potential shielding in the specific cargo receptacle; With
When in inertia test apparatus provides specific cargo receptacle, having the indication of potential shielding, analyze the view data of specific cargo receptacle.
17. radioactive material detection according to claim 16 is characterized in that, described active scan instrument is the radiograph scanner.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US70987505P | 2005-08-19 | 2005-08-19 | |
| US60/709,875 | 2005-08-19 | ||
| US60/724,721 | 2005-10-07 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101379375A true CN101379375A (en) | 2009-03-04 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800388557A Pending CN101379375A (en) | 2005-08-19 | 2006-08-18 | Method and apparatus for detection of radioactive material |
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| CN (1) | CN101379375A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111203882A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-29 | 广东蜻婷医疗科技有限公司 | Medical robot and control method thereof |
| CN111712856A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-09-25 | 索列丹斯弗莱西奈公司 | System and method for surveying a surface |
-
2006
- 2006-08-18 CN CNA2006800388557A patent/CN101379375A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111712856A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-09-25 | 索列丹斯弗莱西奈公司 | System and method for surveying a surface |
| CN111203882A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-29 | 广东蜻婷医疗科技有限公司 | Medical robot and control method thereof |
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