CN101359029A - 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus - Google Patents
1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101359029A CN101359029A CN 200810051227 CN200810051227A CN101359029A CN 101359029 A CN101359029 A CN 101359029A CN 200810051227 CN200810051227 CN 200810051227 CN 200810051227 A CN200810051227 A CN 200810051227A CN 101359029 A CN101359029 A CN 101359029A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a monobus DC grounding fault on-line automatic monitoring device used in an electric power DC power supply system and is characterized in that the device comprises a sensor connected between a plurality of DC branches and the bus, and an expansion interface circuit of the sensor; the sensor is connected on the monobus through the expansion interface circuit; the monobus is connected with a host which comprises a single-chip control circuit; a single chip of the single-chip control circuit is connected with a monobus interface circuit, an interbus voltage measurement circuit, a bus-to-ground voltage measurement circuit, a serial port expansion circuit, a clock calendar module, an E2PROM memory chip, a bus segment relay, an uneven grounding relay and an alarm contact relay, respectively; and the serial port expansion circuit is connected with a printer, a touch screen and an Ethernet module, respectively. The monobus DC grounding fault on-line automatic monitoring device can monitor the running status of the DC power supply system in a real-time way, as well as automatically and timely detect, accurately judge and display the running parameters of the fault branches; the device has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, as well as easy bus expansion and maintenance, which saves the I/O port line resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the control technology field, is a kind of 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus, is applied to the DC power system, finishes the On-line Fault monitoring.
Background technology
DC power system is as the important component part of electric system, and it provides reliable and stable working power for substation relay protection and aut.eq., control signal loop, telecontrol communication device and emergency lighting.Because the DC loop wiring is complicated, usually causes DC earthing because of factors such as on-the-spot dust, humidity, insulation ag(e)ing, component wear, constructions lack of standardization.After one point earth took place, because of not forming the loop, protective device was can malfunction, if untimely processing is when another puts also ground connection, device might malfunction, tripping, down to damage equipment, the serious consequence that causes large-area power-cuts, DC power system to paralyse.There are a certain distance in know-why that present all kinds of monitoring device adopted and on-site actual situations, can not accomplish in time, judge that accurately existing all kinds of monitoring devices all are difficult to satisfy the needs of on-the-spot on-line monitoring for DC earthing searching.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide and a kind ofly can monitor the DC power system running status in real time, can the operational factor of fault branch in time be detected automatically, accurately judges and show, simple in structure, save I/O mouth line resource, 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus with low cost, as to be convenient to the bus expansion and to safeguard.
The objective of the invention is to realize: a kind of 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus by following technical scheme, it is characterized in that: it comprises sensor 3 and the expansion interface circuit 6 thereof that is connected between several direct current branch 5 and the dc bus 4, sensor 3 is connected on the unibus 2 by its expansion interface circuit 6, unibus 2 is connected with main frame 1, described sensor expansion interface circuit 6 comprises the socket J11 that is connected in parallel with unibus 2, J12, diode D1, D2, capacitor C 4, C9, model is that the four single-pole single-throw (SPST) analog switches of MAX364 and unibus gauge tap that model is DS2405 connect and compose; Described main frame 1 comprises tension measuring circuit 9 between single chip machine controlling circuit 8, single bus interface circuit 7, bus, bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit 10 and serial expanded circuit 11, described single chip machine controlling circuit 8 comprises that model is ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer, crystal oscillator Y1 and reset switch J8, single chip machine controlling circuit 8 is connected with unibus 2 by jtag interface, described ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer respectively with single bus interface circuit 7, bus between tension measuring circuit 9, bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit 10 be connected with serial expanded circuit 11.
Described single bus interface circuit 7 comprises at least one 1-Wire interface circuit, and the 1-Wire interface circuit comprises that a slice model at least is that the bridging device of DS2482 is articulated on the I2C bus, and described DS2482 bridging device is connected with unibus 2 by socket RJ45.
Described bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit 10 comprises resistance R 7, R8 and the R18 that is serially connected with between bus 4 and the ground, low-pass filter circuit, the model that voltage follower that the bleeder circuit that resistance R 7, R8 constitute, two models constitute for the LM358 operational amplifier and resistance R 21, capacitor C 6 constitute is 6N137 high speed photo coupling chip with model is that the V/F conversion chip of AD654 is connected, and the output terminal of described 6N137 high speed photo coupling chip is that ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer input end is connected with the model of single chip machine controlling circuit 8.
Described serial expanded circuit 11 comprises that model is that the input end of GM8123 chip is connected with the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer output terminal of single chip machine controlling circuit 8, the output terminal of described GM8123 chip is connected with printer 12, the output terminal of described GM8123 chip is that MAX3223 interface chip input end is connected with model, and described MAX3223 interface chip output terminal is connected with touch-screen 13, ethernet module 14 by socket J6, J5 respectively.
Described single chip machine controlling circuit 8 is connected with clock/calendar module 15.
Described single chip machine controlling circuit 8 is E with model
2 PROM storage chip 16 connects.
Described single chip machine controlling circuit 8 is connected with bus section transfer relay 17.
Described single chip machine controlling circuit 8 is connected with uneven grounding relay 18.
Described single chip machine controlling circuit 8 is connected with warning contact relay 19.
1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus of the present invention is to utilize magnetic modulation leakage current sensor detection failure branch road, and employing 1-Wire unibus finishes field wiring and spot sensor is connected with main frame, has following beneficial effect:
1. overcome traditional electric bridge balancing method and can't monitor the defective of fault branch.
2. avoid injecting AC signal, for the consideration to security of system, the ripple factor of straight-flow system voltage requires＜5%, if with injecting the low frequency component method, can increase the DC voltage ripple, the stable of system is impacted.
3. monitor the electric current variation in each loop and the variation of insulation resistance, and can detect automatically with chip microcontroller.
4. adopt unibus can save I/O mouth line, simple in structure, with low cost, be convenient to advantages such as bus expansion and maintenance.
5. can effectively avoid accidents such as consumer damage, power failure and DC power system paralysis.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus structural representation.
Fig. 2 is main frame 1 block diagram.
Fig. 3 is sensor expansion interface circuit 6 schematic diagrams.
Fig. 4 is single bus interface circuit 7 schematic diagrams.
Fig. 5 is single chip machine controlling circuit 8 schematic diagrams.
Fig. 6 is tension measuring circuit 9 schematic diagrams between bus.
Fig. 7 is bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit 10 schematic diagrams.
Fig. 8 is serial expanded circuit 11 schematic diagrams.
Among the figure: 1 main frame, 2 unibus, 3 sensors, 4 buses, 5 branch roads, 6 sensor expansion interface circuits, 7 single bus interface circuit, 8 single chip machine controlling circuits, tension measuring circuit between 9 buses, 10 bus voltage-to-ground metering circuits, 11 serial expanded circuits, 12 printers, 13 touch-screens, 14 ethernet modules, 15 clock/calendar modules, 16E
2The PROM storage chip, 17 bus section transfer relays, 18 uneven grounding relays, 19 warning contact relays.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
With reference to Fig. 1,1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus comprises sensor 3 and the expansion interface circuit 6 thereof that is connected between several direct current branch 5 and the bus 4.Sensor 3 is connected on the unibus 2 by its expansion interface circuit 6, and unibus 2 is connected with main frame 1.Described sensor 3 adopts commercially available magnetic modulation DC leakage current sensor.
With reference to Fig. 1 and 2, described main frame 1 comprises single chip machine controlling circuit 8, single chip machine controlling circuit 8 is connected with unibus 2 by jtag interface, model be the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer respectively and between single bus interface circuit 7, bus tension measuring circuit 9, bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit 10, serial expanded circuit 11, clock/calendar module 15, model be E
2 PROM storage chip 16, bus section transfer relay 17, uneven grounding relay 18 and warning contact relay 19 are connected.Described serial expanded circuit 11 is connected with ethernet module 14 with printer 12, touch-screen 13 respectively.Single chip machine controlling circuit 8 models are connected with printer 12 by serial expanded circuit 11 for the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer, can search ground connection branch road 5 in view of the above by the customer requirements customizing print content.Single chip machine controlling circuit 8 models are connected with ethernet module 14 by serial expanded circuit 11 for the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer, and the configuration module parameter realizes the B/S function.Touch-screen 13 adopts 7.7 cun screens of WEINVIEW MT500 series, and this touch-screen 13 has 640 * 480 resolution, the 8-bit color degree of depth, the RISC embedded type CPU of dominant frequency 200M.Use touch-screen 13 to give touch-screen 13, make the traffic between the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer of touch-screen 13 and single chip machine controlling circuit 8 dwindle maximum hundreds of byte greatly the man-machine interface operation task of complexity.Bus section transfer relay 17 is used for automaticallying switch between one section, two sections or multistage bus 4, and perhaps the initialization system parameter makes wherein one section bus 4 of 1 monitoring of main frame.May there be positive and negative busbar ground connection or the symmetrical situation about descending of insulation simultaneously in the straight-flow system, the uneven grounding relay 18 of main frame 1 use this moment is artificially made earth point, makes straight-flow system voltage-to-ground out of trim, thereby change the measured value of sensor, detect the ground connection branch road.Warning contact relay 19 provides hummer output, with a pair of warning output contact to be connected on-the-spot other panalarm.
The model of single chip machine controlling circuit 8 be the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer as kernel control chip, four 1-Wire interfaces of single bus interface circuit 7 are used for and sensor 3 communications, measure DC leakage current.Clock/calendar module 15 offers the current correct time of ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer, date, time that the record DC ground fault takes place, simultaneously can also make long-time timer, regularly remind main frame to patrol and examine total system, check the insulation situation of each branch road 5 of straight-flow system, record the branch road of insulation downtrending, the prompting user prevents trouble before it happens.E
2The information of PROM storage chip 16 storage all the sensors 3 comprises the ROM sign indicating number, droop, and place unibus 2 numberings, whether measured branch road 5 numberings are in malfunction, whether are in input state etc.Some systematic parameters and earth fault daily record also are kept at E
2In the PROM storage chip 16.
With reference to Fig. 1 and 3, described sensor expansion interface circuit 6 is need be in the improvement of existing magnetic modulation DC leakage current sensor by unibus 2 interfaces.On two RJ45 sockets of J11, the J12 of parallel connection, introduce power supply and unibus 2 signals to sensor 3 modulation circuits, return voltage with tested size of current linear change to the RJ45 socket, pass main frame 1 back via 5 type shielding lines again.Diode D1, D2 are used for preventing that the line ball mistake from causing reversal of power and burning sensor 3, and capacitor C 4, C9 are used for cushioning the surge current that grafting sensor 3 causes.Model is a unibus gauge tap for the DS2405 chip, and its pin able to programme of opening Lou output can be by this chip switching state of addressing on unibus 2.After the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer that is connected in main frame 1 on the unibus 2 sends 64 ROM sign indicating numbers of coupling ROM instruction and DS2405 chip, promptly the overturn state of output pin of DS2405 chip.Model is high-precision four single-pole single-throw (SPST) analog switches for the MAX364 chip, and four passages all are normally closed.The MAX364 chip is as the electronic switch of sensor 3 modulation circuits to 5 class line interfaces, by the DS2405 chip controls.When sensor 3 had just powered on, the control end of MAX364 chip was 1, and then all passages disconnect, sensor 3 dead electricity, and do not send voltage signal to unibus 2.When by the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer addressing of main frame 1, the output pin state turnover of DS2405 chip is 0, all channel connections of MAX364 chip then, and sensor magnetic demodulation circuit gets voltage and starts working, and measuring voltage is sent on the unibus 2.
With reference to Fig. 2 and 4, because 1-Wire protocol requirement not only transfer clock but also transmit data on a line, so it is very strict to the requirement of sequential.Four 1-Wire interfaces will take the 1-Wire waveform that the single-chip microcomputer plenty of time is used for producing strict timing.By the bridge of various interface to the 1-Wire interface, how the waveform that the user needn't comprehend 1-Wire produces, as long as issue corresponding 1-Wire order by the interface of knowing, this becomes programming and is more prone to, the 1-Wire waveform is also more accurate, the mistake of data transmission has still less been liberated host-processor.Described single bus interface circuit 7 comprises at least one 1-Wire interface circuit, and the 1-Wire interface circuit comprises that model is that the bridging device of DS2482 is articulated on the I2C bus, and model is that the bridging device of DS2482 is connected with unibus 2 by the RJ45 socket.It is the bridge of DS2482-100 as I2C bus to four a 1-Wire bus that this single bus interface circuit 7 has adopted four models, slave addresses is respectively: 0x30,0x32,0x34,0x36, each model is that DS2482 connects a RJ45 socket, exports four unibus 2 altogether.
With reference to Fig. 2 and 5, after main frame 1 demand, in line with enough all right principles, it is middle-grade chip for the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer that single chip machine controlling circuit 8 has adopted model by analysis.Its number of pins is 40 or 44 TQFP, has become SRAM, the Flash of 16K byte, the E of 512 bytes of 1K byte at chip integration
2PROM, 28 and 1 16 be the timer/counter of totally 3 super strong functionals, and USART, SPI, multichannel 10 ADC, WDT, RTC, ISP, IAP, TWI are the interface of multiple functions such as high precision RC oscillator in I2C, the sheet.The ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer is as long as connection power supply and external crystal-controlled oscillation just can be worked.In order to use JTAG ICE emulator, single chip machine controlling circuit 8 has designed a jtag interface circuit and switch J8 reset circuit.
With reference to Fig. 2 and 6, tension measuring circuit 9 is used to measure the relative voltage of positive and negative busbar 4 between described bus, for the 220V straight-flow system, to guarantee that generally voltage is between 180V～240V between bus, if it is out-of-limit, the contact relay 19 that then needs to report to the police is controlled monitoring system alarmings, so that in time point out the operations staff to adjust floating charging equipment.Tension measuring circuit 9 comprises resistance R 7, R8 and the R18 that is serially connected with between the bus 4 between described bus, bleeder circuit, the model that resistance R 7, R8 constitute is that low-pass filter circuit, model that the voltage follower that constitutes of two operational amplifiers of LM358 and R21, C6 constitute be 6N137 high speed photo coupling chip with model are that the V/F conversion chip of AD654 is connected, and model is that the output terminal of 6N137 high speed photo coupling chip is that ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer input end is connected with the model of single chip machine controlling circuit 8.At first between bus the reference level of tension measuring circuit 9 elect as bus-110V, take out 1/20 of tested magnitude of voltage with bleeder circuit then, voltage follower and the RC low-pass filter circuit that constitutes through two LM358 operational amplifiers again, send into V/F conversion chip AD654, become frequency signal, after high speed photo coupling chip 6N137 delivers to the ATMEGA16 monolithic counter input pin of single chip machine controlling circuit 8.Obtain the output frequency of AD654 by the measured frequency program of ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer, thereby linear calculate reduced 20 times magnitude of voltage, calculate voltage between actual bus again.
With reference to Fig. 2 and 7, described bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit 10 is used to measure positive and negative bus 4 magnitude of voltage over the ground.By bridge method as can be known, the bus 4 voltage-to-ground off-set values of general 30V can cause the insulating monitoring actuating of relay, and can be judged which utmost point generation ground connection of straight-flow system by the direction of skew.Therefore, device can judge whether to take place ground connection according to the parameter of this circuit measuring value and system's setting, guarantees and on-the-spot insulating monitoring relay synchronization action.Tension measuring circuit 9 is basic identical between described bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit 10 and bus.Difference only is that resistance R 7, R8 and the R18 of bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit 10 are serially connected with between bus 4 and the ground.
With reference to Fig. 2 and 8, because printer 12, touch-screen 13 and ethernet module 14 all need to be connected the USART serial line interface of the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer of control circuit 8, and the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer only has a standard USART serial ports, so must design a serial expanded circuit, be three serial ports with the original single serial ports expansion of ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer.This device has adopted domestic Chengdu state to rise the chip GM8123 of microelectronics independent development.The GM8123 chip can be extended to the standard serial port of a full duplex 3 standard serial ports, and can control serial ports expansion pattern, single channel mode of operation and hyperchannel mode of operation by external pin, promptly can specify a sub-serial ports and female serial ports with the single work of identical baud rate, also can allow all substring mouths frequency division on female serial ports baud rate basis work simultaneously.Described serial expanded circuit 11 comprises that model is that the input end of GM8123 chip is that ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer output terminal is connected with the model of single chip machine controlling circuit 8, model is that the output terminal of GM8123 chip is connected with printer 12, model is that the output terminal of GM8123 chip is that MAX3223 interface chip input end is connected with model, and model is connected with touch-screen 13, ethernet module 14 by socket J6, J5 respectively for the output of MAX3223 interface chip.The MAX3223 interface chip of serial expanded circuit 11 is new interface chips of Maxim company.Automatic arousal function when the MAX3223 interface chip of serial expanded circuit 11 enters holding state automatically and signal is arranged when having no signal, conserver power source consumption; Have ± electrostatic discharge protection of 15KV; The message transmission rate of the highest 250Kbps.
The software program of 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus of the present invention can be according to the target control needs of concrete application scenario, according to automatic control technology and microcomputer data processing establishment, software programming is the technology that those skilled in the art are familiar with.
The used electronic devices and components of 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus of the present invention are the commercially available prod.
The model machine of 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus of the present invention is on probation through October, has realized that operational factor to fault branch in time detects automatically, accurately judges and has shown that its effect is remarkable.
Claims (10)
1. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus, it is characterized in that: it comprises sensor (3) and the expansion interface circuit (6) thereof that is connected between several direct current branch (5) and the dc bus (4), sensor (3) is connected on the unibus (2) by its expansion interface circuit (6), unibus (2) is connected with main frame (1), described sensor expansion interface circuit (6) comprises the socket J11 that is connected in parallel with unibus (2), J12, diode D1, D2, capacitor C 4, C9, model is that the four single-pole single-throw (SPST) analog switches of MAX364 and unibus gauge tap that model is DS2405 connect and compose; Described main frame (1) comprises single chip machine controlling circuit (8), single bus interface circuit (7), tension measuring circuit between bus (9), bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit (10) and serial expanded circuit (11), described single chip machine controlling circuit (8) comprises that model is the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer, crystal oscillator Y1 and reset switch J8, single chip machine controlling circuit (8) is connected with unibus (2) by jtag interface, described ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer respectively with single bus interface circuit (7), tension measuring circuit between bus (9), bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit (10) is connected with serial expanded circuit (11).
2. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described single bus interface circuit (7) comprises at least one 1-Wire interface circuit, the 1-Wire interface circuit comprises that a slice model at least is that the bridging device of DS2482 is articulated on the I2C bus, and described DS2482 bridging device is connected with unibus (2) by socket RJ45.
3. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: tension measuring circuit between described bus (9) comprises the resistance R 7 that is serially connected with between the bus (4), R8 and R18, resistance R 7, the bleeder circuit that R8 constitutes, two voltage follower and resistance R 21 that model constitutes for the LM358 operational amplifier, the low-pass filter circuit that capacitor C 6 constitutes, model is a 6N137 high speed photo coupling chip with model is that the V/F conversion chip of AD654 is connected, and the output terminal of described 6N137 high speed photo coupling chip is connected with the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer input end of single chip machine controlling circuit (8).
4. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bus voltage-to-ground metering circuit (10) comprises the resistance R 7 that is serially connected with between bus (4) and the ground, R8 and R18, resistance R 7, the bleeder circuit that R8 constitutes, two voltage follower and resistance R 21 that model constitutes for the LM358 operational amplifier, the low-pass filter circuit that capacitor C 6 constitutes, model is a 6N137 high speed photo coupling chip with model is that the V/F conversion chip of AD654 is connected, and the output terminal of described 6N137 high speed photo coupling chip is connected with the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer input end of single chip machine controlling circuit (8).
5. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described serial expanded circuit (11) comprises that model is that the input end of GM8123 chip is connected with the ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer output terminal of single chip machine controlling circuit (8), the output terminal of described GM8123 chip is connected with printer (12), the output terminal of described GM8123 chip is that MAX3223 interface chip input end is connected with model, and described MAX3223 interface chip output terminal is connected with touch-screen (13), ethernet module (14) by socket J6, J5 respectively.
6. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described single chip machine controlling circuit (8) is connected with clock/calendar module (15).
7. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described single chip machine controlling circuit (8) is E with model
2PROM storage chip (16) connects.
8. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described single chip machine controlling circuit (8) is connected with bus section transfer relay (17).
9. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described single chip machine controlling circuit (8) is connected with uneven grounding relay (18).
10. 1-wire bus DCearth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described single chip machine controlling circuit (8) is connected with warning contact relay (19).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100512273A CN101359029B (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2008-09-23 | Single bus DC earth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008100512273A CN101359029B (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2008-09-23 | Single bus DC earth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus |
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| CN101359029A true CN101359029A (en) | 2009-02-04 |
| CN101359029B CN101359029B (en) | 2010-06-02 |
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| CN2008100512273A Expired - Fee Related CN101359029B (en) | 2008-09-23 | 2008-09-23 | Single bus DC earth fault on-line automatic monitoring apparatus |
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| CN104459477A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-03-25 | 国家电网公司 | Direct current system ground fault detection system |
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| CN109474505A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-15 | 苏州路之遥科技股份有限公司 | A kind of monobus communication signal enhancing circuit with monitoring function |
| CN109474505B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2024-04-05 | 苏州路之遥科技股份有限公司 | Single-bus communication signal enhancement circuit with monitoring function |
| CN110988621A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-04-10 | 国网福建省电力有限公司检修分公司 | Voltage offset simulation method for ultra-high voltage transformer substation direct current system under humid climate condition |
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| CN101359029B (en) | 2010-06-02 |
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