CN101356331B - Magnetic detacher with open visit - Google Patents

Magnetic detacher with open visit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101356331B
CN101356331B CN200580052476.9A CN200580052476A CN101356331B CN 101356331 B CN101356331 B CN 101356331B CN 200580052476 A CN200580052476 A CN 200580052476A CN 101356331 B CN101356331 B CN 101356331B
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China
Prior art keywords
magnet
magnetic
detacher
magnetic field
magnetic detacher
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CN200580052476.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101356331A (en
Inventor
温·K·霍
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Adt Services LLC
Tyco Fire and Security GmbH
Sensormatic Electronics LLC
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Sensormatic Electronics Corp
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Priority to CN201110235131.4A priority Critical patent/CN102310384B/en
Publication of CN101356331A publication Critical patent/CN101356331A/en
Priority to HK12102298.1A priority patent/HK1161859A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/02Permanent magnets [PM]
    • H01F7/0273Magnetic circuits with PM for magnetic field generation
    • H01F7/0278Magnetic circuits with PM for magnetic field generation for generating uniform fields, focusing, deflecting electrically charged particles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B73/00Devices for locking portable objects against unauthorised removal; Miscellaneous locking devices
    • E05B73/0017Anti-theft devices, e.g. tags or monitors, fixed to articles, e.g. clothes, and to be removed at the check-out of shops
    • E05B73/0047Unlocking tools; Decouplers
    • E05B73/0052Unlocking tools; Decouplers of the magnetic type
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B73/00Devices for locking portable objects against unauthorised removal; Miscellaneous locking devices
    • E05B73/0017Anti-theft devices, e.g. tags or monitors, fixed to articles, e.g. clothes, and to be removed at the check-out of shops
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05BLOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B73/00Devices for locking portable objects against unauthorised removal; Miscellaneous locking devices
    • E05B73/0017Anti-theft devices, e.g. tags or monitors, fixed to articles, e.g. clothes, and to be removed at the check-out of shops
    • E05B73/0023Containers, boxes, cases or the like, e.g. for compact discs or video-cassettes, specially adapted therefor

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Sheet Holders (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Camera Data Copying Or Recording (AREA)
  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Various embodiments of a magnetic detacher with open access are described. In one embodiment, the magnetic detacher may include a magnet assembly to provide open access to a hard tag and a magnetic field sufficient to disengage a clamping mechanism of the hard tag.

Description

Magnetic detacher with open visit
Background technology
Electronic article surveillance (EAS) system is designed to prevent without permission from the controlled area mobile article.Typical EAS system can comprise monitoring system and one or more safety label.Described monitoring system can be set up interrogation in the accessing points of described controlled area.Safety label can be secured on the article such as the clothes commodity.Enter interrogation if add the article of label, then may trigger alarm, be used for expression and shifted out without permission article with label from described controlled area.Generally, can leave controlled area and before not triggering alarm at the article with label, must be so that safety label be invalid.
Safety label can adopt various ways, comprising soft label and hard label.Usually, soft label is disposable, only be used once, and hard label can be reused.A label that example is back side viscosity of soft label.Soft label can by such as the invalid unit of scanner so that invalid (deactivate), described scanner comes so that described soft label is invalid with specific magnetic field during when its contact or near described soft label.
Hard label generally includes: the plastic label main body, and it has held the EAS sensor; And locking device comprises pin or tack, its by article and the folder to described tag body so that article and label are tightened together.Generally, hard label needs detacher unit to remove tack from tag body, and so that described article can separate with hard label.In some applications, detacher unit can comprise magnet assembly, and it applies magnetic field to discharge described tack to tag body.
Fig. 1 illustrates traditional hard label 10, and it has plastic label main body 11, and plastic label main body 11 is formed with jut 12.Described tag body 11 is held EAS sensor 13, and it is used for triggering alarm.Described hard label 10 comprises the tack 14 of the head 15 with expansion.As shown in the figure, tack 14 clamped devices 16 are fastened in the tag body 11.
Fig. 2 illustrates the traditional magnetic assembly 20 of detacher unit.Magnet assembly 20 comprises cylindrical magnet 21 and magnetized toroidal magnet 22 on the contrary, and toroidal magnet 22 is stacked on the top of cylindrical magnet 21.As shown in the figure, magnet assembly 20 comprises that the degree of depth is roughly the cavity 23 of 6-7 millimeter.This configuration is applicable well for the traditional hard label such as hard label 10, and wherein, the cavity 23 of magnet assembly 20 is compatible with the jut 12 of tag body 11.In order to allow to take out tack 14, jut 12 is inserted in the cavity 23, in order to the high-intensity magnetic field that is used in the toroidal magnet 22.Magnet assembly 20 provides in cavity 23 is enough to force clamping device 16 to break away from and allow to take out from tag body 11 magnetic field of the approximate vertical of tack 14.
Tag such as bottle and CD tagged many use in, for example, the clamping device of hard label can be embedded in the existing packing of article, perhaps can have little profile minimizing the possibility of inefficacy, and the placement of item of convenience.For such application and assurance requirement, the different stripping attachment design of needs provides the open visit for the clamping device of described embedding or little profile, and simultaneously, provides enough magnetic field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates traditional hard label.
Fig. 2 illustrates the traditional magnetic assembly of detacher unit.
Fig. 3 illustrates the magnetic detacher according to an embodiment.
Fig. 4 illustrates the magnetic detacher according to an embodiment.
Fig. 5 illustrates the magnetic detacher according to an embodiment.
Fig. 6 illustrates the figure according to an embodiment.
Fig. 7 illustrates the figure according to an embodiment.
The specific embodiment
Can provide a plurality of details at this and understand up hill and dale embodiments of the invention.But those skilled in the art can understand, can be in the situation that there are not these details to put into practice embodiments of the invention.In addition, do not describe known method, process, parts and circuit in detail, in order to do not obscure embodiments of the invention.Be appreciated that concrete structure disclosed herein and function detail can be representational, and must not limit scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that any special characteristic, structure or the characteristic that represent in conjunction with described embodiment describes quoted for " embodiment " is included at least one embodiment in manual.Everywhere the same embodiment of the inevitable all indications of appearance of phrase " in an embodiment " in manual.
Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of magnetic detacher 30.In this embodiment, magnetic detacher 30 comprises magnet assembly 31, and it comprises cylindrical magnet 32 and toroidal magnet 33.In various implementations, cylindrical magnet 32 and toroidal magnet 33 can comprise one or more permanent magnets.Usually, permanent magnet has the magnetized axis of restriction of orientation, geometry and the other materials attribute of the magnetic history of depending on, material.
In various embodiment, permanent magnet can comprise such as the paramagnetic parts of samarium (Sm) and neodymium (Nd) with such as the ferromagnetic parts of iron and cobalt (Co).During the making of permanent magnet, can set up the domain structure, magnetization in the domain of its display orientation, this is called as magneto-crystalline anisotropy, is the mechanism that produces high-intensity magnetic field.Permanent magnet can be processed, and described processing comprises the compression of parts when having surrounding magnetic field for example, sintering and the remagnetize of compression material.
The example of permanent magnet includes, but are not limited to neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnet, hard ferrite magnet and cobalt magnet, and described cobalt magnet is such as being SmCo (SmCo) magnet and aluminium nickel cobalt (AlNiCo) magnet.Permanent magnet can comprise magnet sintering and/or bonding.Described permanent magnet can comprise that also multiple coating is to stop corrosion.
In each embodiment, magnetic detacher 30 is provided the access of opening by structuring and layout to various magnetic clamping devices.Therefore, magnetic detacher 30 can break away from the clamping structure that is positioned at respect to the hard label of any angle position of its axle.In various implementations, magnetic detacher 30 is configured to provide around the comparatively symmetrical magnetic field of its axle, so that it is used in the hard label of any angle position.
In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, for example, the upper surface 34 of cylindrical magnet 32 is roughly coplanar and concentric with the upper surface of toroidal magnet 33.As shown in the figure, cylindrical magnet 32 and toroidal magnet 33 are substantially flush, allow to admit in any direction hard label.Magnetic detacher 30 so the various magnetic clamping devices in hard label provide open visit.Described embodiment is not limited in this context.
In some embodiment, the upper surface of cylindrical magnet 32 can upwards or downwards slightly be offset from the upper surface 35 of toroidal magnet 33.For example, the upper surface 34 of cylindrical magnet 32 can make progress from the upper surface 35 of toroidal magnet 33 or offset downward the 2-3 millimeter.Described embodiment is not limited in this context.
In various embodiment, magnet assembly 31 comprises toroidal magnet 33, and it is magnetized diametrically.Toroidal magnet 33 can comprise for example a plurality of part 36-1-n, and wherein, n represents positive integer value, and each direction at the center of pointing to toroidal magnet 33 of a plurality of part 36-1-n is magnetized.In embodiment shown in Figure 3, for example, toroidal magnet 33 is divided into the 36-1 of first, second portion 36-2, third part 36-3 and the 4th part 36-4 by four.In Fig. 3, white arrow represents magnetized direction.In this embodiment, for the first half of toroidal magnet 33, magnetic flux inwardly points to the center of toroidal magnet 33, and is bent upwards out outside the toroidal magnet 33.The magnetic field of toroidal magnet 33 is added to the magnetic field of the upper finger that is produced by core cylinder magnet 32, produces very strong magnetic field.
In some embodiment, the direction of magnetization shown in Fig. 3 can be reversed.For example, core cylinder magnet 32 can produce the magnetic field of lower finger, and toroidal magnet 33 can outwards guide the center of magnetic flux from toroidal magnet 33.
In various implementations, magnet assembly 31 provides the relatively symmetrical magnetic field around its axle, so that magnetic detacher 30 can be used for being positioned at the hard label of any angle position.In some embodiment, soft iron material can be placed in the bottom of magnet assembly 31, with acquisition keeper effect, and strengthens Surface field.
In each embodiment, toroidal magnet 33 can be divided into four or more part, and the direction of each magnetic part at the center of pointing to toroidal magnet 33 is magnetized.Be appreciated that be less than in four the situation of part, toroidal magnet 33 can have sizable changes of magnetic field, so clamping device only can break away from specific angle position.
Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of magnetic detacher 40.In this embodiment, magnetic detacher 40 comprises magnet assembly 41, and it comprises cylindrical magnet 42 and semi-ring magnet 43.In various implementations, cylindrical magnet 42 and semi-ring magnet 43 can comprise one or more permanent magnets.
In each embodiment, magnetic detacher 40 is provided open access by structuring and layout from the various magnetic clamping devices of a side direction of magnet assembly 41.Therefore, magnetic detacher 40 can break away from the clamping structure that is located at respect to the hard label of the various angle positions of a side of magnet assembly 41.Generally, the height of semi-ring magnet 43 (for example 12 millimeters) will be greater than the height (for example 7 millimeters) of the toroidal magnet 22 of magnet assembly 20, with the various clamping devices that provide enough magnetic field to break away from hard label, a side of magnetropism assembly 41 provides open access simultaneously.Described embodiment is not limited in this context.
Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of magnetic detacher 50, and in the present embodiment, magnetic detacher 50 comprises magnet assembly 51, and it comprises the first rectangular magnet 52, the second rectangular magnet 53 and the 3rd rectangular magnet 54.In various implementations, the first rectangular magnet 52, the second rectangular magnet 53 and the 3rd rectangular magnet 54 can comprise one or more permanent magnets.In some embodiment, magnetic detacher 50 can comprise one or more other rectangular magnet.
In each embodiment, magnetic detacher 50 is provided the access of opening by structuring and layout to various magnetic clamping devices.In embodiment shown in Figure 5, for example, the upper surface 57 of the upper surface 55 of the first rectangular magnet 52, the upper surface 56 of the second rectangular magnet 53 and the 3rd rectangular magnet 54 is roughly coplanar.As shown in the figure, the first rectangular magnet 52, the second rectangular magnet 53 and the 3rd rectangular magnet 54 are substantially flush, allow to hold in any direction hard label.Magnetic detacher 50 so the various magnetic clamping devices in hard label provide the access of opening.Be appreciated that the magnet with rectangular geometry trends towards producing the magnetic field more weak than the magnet with circular geometry, and does not have the symmetry in orientation because asymmetric.Described embodiment is not limited in this context.
Table 1 illustrates the comparison in the Surface field of kilogauss (kG) at center on the cylindrical magnet of various magnetic detachers configuration.Described configuration can comprise toroidal magnet, and it has internal diameter (ID), external diameter (OD) and height (h).
The magnetic detacher configuration Annular magnetic size (millimeter) Toroidal magnet volume (cc (cubic centimetre)) Surface field (kG)
1. cylindrical magnet only Inapplicable 0cc 5.424kG
2. the toroidal magnet on cylindrical magnet ID=15,OD=30, h=7 3.68cc 7.068kG
3. the toroidal magnet that flushes with cylindrical magnet ID=24,OD=44, h=10 10.68cc 6.426kG
4. the toroidal magnet that flushes with cylindrical magnet ID=24,OD=44, h=12 12.82cc 7.115kG
5. the toroidal magnet that flushes with cylindrical magnet ID=24,OD=59, h=10 22.82cc 7.071kG
6. the semi-ring magnet on cylindrical magnet ID=15,OD=30, h=12 3.180cc 6.161kG
Table 1
Shown at table 1, use the only stripping attachment configuration of single cylindrical magnet to provide than the lower Surface field of stripping attachment configuration that uses magnet assembly.Use single configurations of magnets realize open visit need to be by removing toroidal magnets 22 from the magnet assembly 20 of magnet only example such as cylindrical magnet.Such means dismounting magnetic field of having compromised, because clamping device must be designed to be opened by weak magnet, so clamping device is caught to be easier to lose efficacy by " outside (street) " magnet.
Also shown in the table 1, can in the situation of the size of suitably having selected to be placed in the toroidal magnet on the cylindrical magnet, realize and the similar magnetic field, magnetic field that is provided by traditional stripping attachment configuration of using the toroidal magnet on cylindrical magnet.Therefore, the access of using the stripping attachment of the toroidal magnet flush with cylindrical magnet to be configured in to provide opening when suitably having selected magnet size and enough magnetic field.For example, the height of toroidal magnet (for example toroidal magnet 33) can be brought up to 12 millimeters, perhaps, external diameter can be brought up to greater than 60 millimeters to obtain to be used for the magnetic field levels greater than 7.1kG of such stripping attachment configuration.In addition, using to have having of superposeing of cylindrical magnet also can provide enough magnetic field greater than the stripping attachment configuration of the semi-circular magnet of 12 millimeters height, allows simultaneously from the open visit of a side of described magnet assembly.Described embodiment is not limited to this context.
Fig. 6 illustrates the embodiment of curve Figure 60, and described curve Figure 60 illustrates the magnetic field levels as the function of the height of the various magnetic stripping attachment configurations of using the toroidal magnet that flushes with cylindrical magnet.As shown in the figure, it is possible using larger magnet further to strengthen magnetic field.Described embodiment is not limited to this context.
Fig. 7 illustrates the embodiment of curve Figure 70, and described Figure 70 illustrates the magnetic field levels as the function of the distance at the center of magnetic surface.As shown in the figure, each embodiment of described magnetic detacher compares with the magnet assembly of magnet and has strengthened magnetic field projection (fieldprojection).In such embodiment, to compare with the magnet assembly of magnet, described magnetic detacher has longer magnetic field projection, allows magnetic detacher to break away from the clamping device of hard label with larger distance.Described embodiment is not limited to this context.
Above-mentioned discussion and magnetic field value are based on the NdFeB magnet that uses level 35.If the magnet of the higher level of the NdFeB magnet of use such as level 50, then magnetic field levels will improve 10-15% usually.Described embodiment is not limited to this context.
In various implementations, described embodiment comprises: magnetic detacher is used for providing the access of opening to various hard labels; And enough strong magnetic field levels is used for breaking away from the clamping device of such hard label.Described embodiment can be in the multiple application that tags such as bottle and CD, wherein, the clamping device of hard label can be embedded in the existing packing of article, perhaps can have little profile minimizing the possibility of inefficacy, and the placement of item of convenience.
In various implementations, described embodiment has avoided and need to use large profile or outstanding design in the multiple application that tags such as bottle and CD.In the use such as the very thin outstanding clip of loading onto of the packing of CD, jewel box or glasses problem is often arranged, because outstanding clip easily snaps or is subject to other infringement.The use of outstanding clip has also hindered effective use and has shelved the space, because jut has taken the space, and so that is difficult to stack or arrange commodity.
In various implementations, described embodiment comprises the magnetic detacher that uses magnet assembly, and described magnetic detacher provides than the higher magnetic field levels of stripping attachment configuration that will use single magnet.Such embodiment has avoided being designed for the demand than the clamping device of the hard label of weak magnet, describedly will reduce for invalid antagonism than weak magnet.
Although the special characteristic of embodiment as described in having illustrated as said now for those skilled in the art, can carry out many modifications, substitutes, change and equivalent.Therefore, should be understood that appended claim is intended to contain all such modifications and the change in the true spirit that falls into described embodiment.

Claims (14)

1. magnetic detacher comprises:
Magnet assembly is used for providing the access of opening to the hard label that comprises clamping device, and is used for providing the magnetic field of the described clamping device that is enough to break away from described hard label, and described magnet assembly comprises:
Cylindrical magnet; And
Toroidal magnet, it has and the upper surface of described cylindrical magnet coplanar upper surface basically.
2. according to claim 1 magnetic detacher, wherein, described toroidal magnet is radially magnetized.
3. according to claim 1 magnetic detacher, wherein, described toroidal magnet comprises a plurality of parts.
4. according to claim 3 magnetic detacher, wherein, each of described a plurality of parts is magnetized in the direction at the center of pointing to described toroidal magnet.
5. according to claim 3 magnetic detacher comprises four or more part.
6. according to claim 1 magnetic detacher, wherein, the magnetic flux that is produced by described toroidal magnet is inwardly guided by the center to described toroidal magnet, and is bent upwards out described toroidal magnet.
7. according to claim 1 magnetic detacher, wherein, the magnetic field that is produced by described toroidal magnet is added to the magnetic field of the vertical sensing that is produced by described cylindrical magnet.
8. according to claim 1 magnetic detacher, wherein, described magnet assembly provides around the relatively symmetrical radial magnetic field of the axle of described magnet assembly.
9. according to claim 1 magnetic detacher also comprises the soft iron material of the bottom that is positioned at described magnet assembly being used for strengthening magnetic field.
10. according to claim 1 magnetic detacher, wherein, described magnet assembly comprises one or more permanent magnets.
11. magnetic detacher according to claim 10, wherein, described one or more permanent magnets comprise following at least one: NdFeB magnet, hard ferrite magnet, SmCo magnet and AlNiCo magnet.
12. magnetic detacher according to claim 1, wherein, described toroidal magnet comprises and is greater than or equal to 10 millimeters height dimension.
13. magnetic detacher according to claim 1, wherein, described toroidal magnet comprises and is greater than or equal to 44 millimeters outside dimension.
14. magnetic detacher according to claim 1, wherein, described magnet assembly provides the magnetic field projection of enhancing.
CN200580052476.9A 2005-12-01 2005-12-01 Magnetic detacher with open visit Active CN101356331B (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201110235131.4A CN102310384B (en) 2005-12-01 2005-12-01 There is the magnetic detacher of open visit
HK12102298.1A HK1161859A1 (en) 2005-12-01 2012-03-07 Magnetic detacher with open access

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2005/043958 WO2007064339A1 (en) 2005-12-01 2005-12-01 Magnetic detacher with open access

Related Child Applications (2)

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CN201110235133.3A Division CN102360698B (en) 2005-12-01 2005-12-01 Magnetic detacher provided with open access
CN201110235131.4A Division CN102310384B (en) 2005-12-01 2005-12-01 There is the magnetic detacher of open visit

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CN101356331A CN101356331A (en) 2009-01-28
CN101356331B true CN101356331B (en) 2013-01-16

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CN (1) CN101356331B (en)
AT (1) ATE503067T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2005338679B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2630681C (en)
DE (1) DE602005027133D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2359324T3 (en)
HK (2) HK1125985A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007064339A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8054185B2 (en) * 2008-12-17 2011-11-08 Sensormatic Electronics, LLC Optimization of the field profile on a high field strength magnetic detacher
CN201489630U (en) * 2009-03-12 2010-05-26 欧隆商贸(上海)有限公司 Magnetic thrust security label
US9850688B2 (en) 2013-01-30 2017-12-26 Tyco Fire & Security Gmbh Dynamic magnetic detacher

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US5063934A (en) * 1987-10-07 1991-11-12 Advanced Techtronics, Inc. Permanent magnet arrangement
CN1063176A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-29 株式会社应用技术研究所 Magnetic lock device
US6084498A (en) * 1998-08-21 2000-07-04 Dexter Magnetic Technologies, Inc. Magnetic decoupler
CN1755049A (en) * 2004-09-28 2006-04-05 上海冠龙阀门机械有限公司 Anti-theft magnet-control arrangement and key

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US4339853A (en) * 1980-03-04 1982-07-20 Permag Corporation Magnetic decoupler
US4527310A (en) * 1983-07-22 1985-07-09 I. D. Engineering, Inc. Secure release apparatus for anti-theft fastening device
ATE230494T1 (en) * 1995-11-14 2003-01-15 Maurer Albert RELEASE MAGNET FOR THEFT DETECTION OF SALES ITEMS
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Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5063934A (en) * 1987-10-07 1991-11-12 Advanced Techtronics, Inc. Permanent magnet arrangement
CN1063176A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-07-29 株式会社应用技术研究所 Magnetic lock device
US6084498A (en) * 1998-08-21 2000-07-04 Dexter Magnetic Technologies, Inc. Magnetic decoupler
CN1755049A (en) * 2004-09-28 2006-04-05 上海冠龙阀门机械有限公司 Anti-theft magnet-control arrangement and key

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Publication number Publication date
HK1161859A1 (en) 2012-08-10
AU2005338679A1 (en) 2007-06-07
WO2007064339A1 (en) 2007-06-07
JP2009517771A (en) 2009-04-30
EP1957735A1 (en) 2008-08-20
CA2630681A1 (en) 2007-06-07
ATE503067T1 (en) 2011-04-15
JP5397803B2 (en) 2014-01-22
EP1957735B1 (en) 2011-03-23
DE602005027133D1 (en) 2011-05-05
CA2630681C (en) 2014-11-04
HK1125985A1 (en) 2009-08-21
CN101356331A (en) 2009-01-28
ES2359324T3 (en) 2011-05-20
AU2005338679B2 (en) 2011-04-28

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