CN101355724A - Method and apparatus for reducing information transmission conflict in mobile communication system - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for reducing information transmission conflict in mobile communication system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101355724A CN101355724A CNA2007101363854A CN200710136385A CN101355724A CN 101355724 A CN101355724 A CN 101355724A CN A2007101363854 A CNA2007101363854 A CN A2007101363854A CN 200710136385 A CN200710136385 A CN 200710136385A CN 101355724 A CN101355724 A CN 101355724A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for reducing the message sending conflict in a mobile communication system. The method comprises the following steps: (1) parameters competing to send a message request on a share resource are set for a group; and (2) each user who needs to send the message in the group combines the respective priority to obtain the random sending time on the share resource according to the parameters. The device comprises a time setting unit and a control sending unit, wherein the time setting unit is used for setting the corresponding sending time of the message request for the connection of each user in the group and transmitting the sending time to the control sending unit; and the control sending unit is used for controlling the corresponding user connection to send the message sending request at the set sending time. The method and the device relieve the sending conflict problem of the communication system on the share resource on the precondition of not additionally adding the interference to other users and adjacent areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mobile communication technology, relate in particular to the method and apparatus that reduces information transmission conflict in a kind of mobile communication system.
Background technology
In mobile communication system, the most valuable resource is exactly aerial bandwidth resources.On the transmit mechanism of handling some shocking flash, the mode difference that the mobile communication system of various standards is handled, some system such as time division way, send the control information that happens suddenly for time slot of control channel fixed allocation of each user, no matter whether this user has information to send, this time slot all can not be distributed to other users and use, and like this, just causes very big waste.In CDMA (CDMA) system, system gives the user assignment same resource of same residential quarter, jointly uses with community user, can effectively save like this resource of distributing into shocking flash.If but have simultaneously two or morely with community user or when the user will send message on the same group, can cause the conflict of message.In cdma system, if certain user causes the transmission message failure because send shocking flash simultaneously with other user, then can calculate delivery time in addition according to the parameter of configuration sends once more, and along with sending increasing progressively of number of times, transmitted power also can increase, and increases to the maximum of a setting up to power.This is because CDMA is a self-interference system, in the poor zone of channel condition, increases the message transmitted power and can increase message transmission probability of successful.
But in some other system, the interference of adjacent area can not come establishment by the correlation of pseudo noise code in the cdma system, and the increase of power might not be effective to improve sending success rate, can cause on the contrary the waste of resource and to other users' interference.The present invention proposes a kind of method that sends conflict that reduces, can under additionally not increasing the prerequisite that other users disturb and disturb the adjacent area, greatly alleviate the transmission collision problem of communication system on shared resource.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the method and apparatus that reduces information transmission conflict in a kind of mobile communication system, under additionally not increasing, alleviate the transmission collision problem of communication system on shared resource to the prerequisite that other users disturb and disturb the adjacent area.
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides the method that reduces information transmission conflict in a kind of mobile communication system, may further comprise the steps:
(1) for being arranged on, group competes the parameter that sends message request on the shared resource;
(2) need to send each user of message in the group according to priority acquisition the at random delivery time on shared resource of described parameter in conjunction with self.
Reduce the method for information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, step (2) further comprises: if the transmission of user on shared resource clashes, then reselecting at random, delivery time sends message.
Reduce the method for information transmission conflict in the GSM of the present invention, wherein, in step (1), initial delay is set sends periodicity and maximum delay transmission periodicity; In step (2), the user calculates with reference to the delayed delivery cycle according to the priority that initial delay sends periodicity and user, and 0 and with reference to the delayed delivery cycle between produce this user by random algorithm the delayed delivery cycle; After waiting for several send opportunity of described delayed delivery cycle, the resource that the user shares in group sends message.
Reduce the method for information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, in step (1), initial delay is set sends periodicity, the priority parameters that is connected with the user according to described initial delay transmission periodicity is provided with described with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity; It is 0 transmission number of attempt, maximum number of attempt and the maximum delay transmission periodicity of sending that initial value is set.
Reduce the method for information transmission conflict in the GSM of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), more described initial delay sends periodicity and described priority parameters; When initial delayed delivery periodicity＞priority parameters, arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is the difference that initial delay sends periodicity and priority parameters; Otherwise arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is 0, in the shared resource transmission message of present frame.
Reduce the method for information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), the user connects message of every transmission, and the value of described transmission number of attempt is added 1; Start the timer wait-for-response; When receiving response then at timer, then message sends successfully, finishes transmission flow.
Reduce the method for information transmission conflict in the GSM of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), if do not receive response at timer then, judge whether send number of attempt sends number of attempt greater than maximum, when greater than the time, message sends failure, finishes transmission flow.
Reduce the method for information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), when send number of attempt be less than or equal to maximum when sending number of attempt, judge with reference to 2 times of the delayed delivery periodicity whether greater than maximum with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity; When greater than the time, be set to maximum delay with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity and send periodicity; Otherwise, be set to current 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
Reduce the method for information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, it is characterized in that described shared resource is a carrier resource, described message is carrier resource applying message.
The invention provides the device that reduces information transmission conflict in a kind of GSM, described device comprises set of time unit and control transmitting element, wherein:
Time is provided with the unit, is used to each user of group to connect the transmitting time that corresponding message request is set, and described transmitting time is sent to the control transmitting element;
The control transmitting element is used in set transmitting time, and user corresponding to control connects the transmission message send request.
Reduce the device of information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, time is provided with the unit and also is used for when the transmission of user on shared resource clashes, and for the user connects transmitting time is set again, and described transmitting time is sent to the control transmitting element.
Reduce the device of information transmission conflict in the GSM of the present invention, wherein, in the set of time unit, set in advance with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity, and 0 and with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity between, produce at random a delayed delivery periodicity for each user of group connects; After waiting for several send opportunity of described delayed delivery cycle, user corresponding to control transmitting element control connects transmission message.
Reduce the device of information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, be provided with in the unit in the time, initial delay be set send periodicity, the priority parameters that is connected with the user according to described initial delay transmission periodicity is provided with described with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
Reduce the device of information transmission conflict in the GSM of the present invention, wherein, in the set of time unit, more described initial delay sends periodicity and described priority parameters; When initial delayed delivery periodicity＞priority parameters, arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is the difference that initial delay sends periodicity and priority parameters; Otherwise arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is 0.
Reduce the device of information transmission conflict in the GSM of the present invention, wherein, in the set of time unit, initial value is set is 0 transmission number of attempt, the user connects message of every transmission, and the value of described transmission number of attempt is added 1; Start timer and wait for the response of base station; When timer was received the response of base station then, then message sends successfully, finishes transmission flow.
Reduce the device of information transmission conflict in the GSM of the present invention, wherein, in the set of time unit, the maximum number of attempt that sends is set, if do not receive the response of base station then at timer, judge whether send number of attempt sends number of attempt greater than maximum, when greater than the time, message sends failure, finishes transmission flow.
Reduce the device of information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, be provided with in the unit in the time, maximum delay is set sends periodicity, be less than or equal to maximumly when sending number of attempt when sending number of attempt, judge whether 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity send periodicity greater than maximum delay; When greater than the time, be set to maximum delay with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity and send periodicity; Otherwise, be set to current 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
Reduce the device of information transmission conflict in the mobile communication system of the present invention, wherein, described shared resource is a carrier resource, and described message is carrier resource applying message.
Adopt method and apparatus of the present invention, compared with prior art, under additionally not increasing the prerequisite that other users disturb and disturb the adjacent area, alleviate the transmission collision problem of communication system on shared resource.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the operational flowchart of a kind of concrete enforcement of the method for the invention;
Fig. 2 is the operational flowchart of the another kind of implementation of the method for the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of device of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is in order to solve the drawback that conventional solution exists, further set forth the method and apparatus that reduces information transmission conflict in a kind of mobile communication system of the present invention by following examples, below embodiment is described in detail, but not as a limitation of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of concrete implementation and operation flow chart of the method for the invention.
According to a kind of specific embodiment, in step 11, initial delay is set sends periodicity and maximum delay transmission periodicity; In step 12, the user calculates with reference to the delayed delivery cycle according to the priority that initial delay sends periodicity and user, and 0 and with reference to the delayed delivery cycle between produce this user by random algorithm the delayed delivery cycle; After waiting for several send opportunity of described delayed delivery cycle, the resource that the user shares in group sends message.
According to a kind of specific embodiment, in step 11, initial delay is set sends periodicity, the priority parameters that is connected with the user according to described initial delay transmission periodicity arranges described with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity; It is 0 transmission number of attempt, maximum number of attempt and the maximum delay transmission periodicity of sending that initial value is set.
In step 12, more described initial delay sends periodicity and described priority parameters; When initial delayed delivery periodicity＞priority parameters, arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is the difference that initial delay sends periodicity and priority parameters; Otherwise arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is 0, and the shared resource that is illustrated in present frame sends message.
In step 12, the user connects message of every transmission, and the value of described transmission number of attempt is added 1; Start the timer wait-for-response; When receiving response then at timer, then message sends successfully, finishes transmission flow.
In step 11, if do not receive response at timer then, judge to send number of attempt and whether send number of attempt greater than maximum, when greater than the time, message sends failure, finishes transmission flow.
In step 12, when send number of attempt be less than or equal to maximum when sending number of attempt, judge with reference to 2 times of the delayed delivery periodicity whether greater than maximum with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity; When greater than the time, be set to maximum delay with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity and send periodicity; Otherwise, be set to current 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
As shown in Figure 2, the another kind of concrete implementation and operation flow chart of the method for the invention, in this embodiment, the method for the invention is applied to send conflict based on the reduction carrier resource applying of OFDM (OFDM).
Step 21, base station are provided with group's carrier resource applying transmitting time parameter, and send to the user;
Described group carrier resource applying transmitting time parameter comprises: initial delay sends periodicity in, and is maximum with reference to delayed delivery periodicity max-n and the maximum number of attempt max-m that sends;
Step 22 is provided with initial value and is 0 transmission number of attempt, and is provided with reference to delayed delivery periodicity kn according to QoS (service quality) priority parameters p (0＜p＜P, P are greatest priority) and the initial delay transmission periodicity in that business connects; If initial delay sends periodicity in greater than priority parameters p, with reference to delayed delivery periodicity kn=in-p; Otherwise, with reference to delayed delivery periodicity kn=0;
Step 23, when the user who belongs to a group group connects needs and sends the carrier resource applying request, 0 and with reference to delayed delivery periodicity kn between produce at random a delayed delivery periodicity n;
Step 24, behind a waiting n send opportunity, this user connects the transmission carrier resource applying; After the user sends carrier resource applying, send number of attempt m and add 1, start the response that timer is waited for the base station;
Step 25 judges whether to receive then at timer the response of base station; When timer was received the response of base station then, go to step 26; Otherwise, go to step 27;
Step 26, carrier resource applying send successfully, finish transmission flow;
Step 27, timer then after, judge to send number of attempt m and whether send number of attempt max-m greater than maximum; If go to step 28; Otherwise, go to step 29;
Step 28, carrier resource applying sends failure, finishes transmission flow;
Whether step 29 is judged with reference to delayed delivery periodicity kn * 2 greater than maximum with reference to delayed delivery periodicity max-n; If go to 210; Otherwise, go to 211;
Step 210 is set to maximumly with reference to delayed delivery periodicity max-n with reference to the value of delayed delivery periodicity kn, go to step 23;
Step 211 is set to kn * 2 with reference to the value of delayed delivery periodicity kn, goes to step 23.
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of implementation structure chart of device of the present invention, described device comprise set of time unit 31 and control transmitting element 32, wherein:
Set of time unit 31 is used to each user of group to connect the transmitting time that corresponding message request is set, and described transmitting time is sent to control transmitting element 32; When the transmission of user on shared resource clashes, again for the user connects transmitting time is set, and described transmitting time is sent to control transmitting element 32;
According to a kind of specific embodiment, in set of time unit 31, set in advance with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity, and 0 and with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity between, produce at random a delayed delivery periodicity for each user of group connects; After waiting for several send opportunity of described delayed delivery cycle, user corresponding to control transmitting element 32 controls connects transmission message.
According to a kind of specific embodiment, in the set of time unit 31, initial delay is set sends periodicity, send the priority parameters that periodicity is connected with the user according to described initial delay and arrange described with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
According to a kind of specific embodiment, in set of time unit 31, more described initial delay sends periodicity and described priority parameters; When initial delayed delivery periodicity＞priority parameters, arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is the difference that initial delay sends periodicity and priority parameters; Otherwise arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is 0.
According to a kind of specific embodiment, in set of time unit 31, initial value be set be 0 transmission number of attempt, the user connects message of every transmission, and the value of described transmission number of attempt is added 1; Start timer and wait for the response of base station; When timer was received the response of base station then, then message sends successfully, finishes transmission flow.
According to a kind of specific embodiment, in set of time unit 31, the maximum number of attempt that sends is set, if do not receive the response of base station then at timer, judge whether send number of attempt sends number of attempt greater than maximum, when greater than the time, message sends failure, finishes transmission flow.
According to a kind of embodiment, be provided with in the unit 31 in the time, maximum delay is set sends periodicity, be less than or equal to maximumly when sending number of attempt, judge whether 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity send periodicity greater than maximum delay when sending number of attempt; When greater than the time, be set to maximum delay with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity and send periodicity; Otherwise, be set to current 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
The described method and apparatus of the embodiment of the invention can be applied to send conflict based on the reduction carrier resource applying of OFDM (OFDM), and described message is carrier resource applying message, and described shared resource is a carrier resource.At this moment, the described device of the embodiment of the invention comprises:
Time is provided with unit 31, is used to each user of group to connect the transmitting time that corresponding carrier resource applying request is set, and described transmitting time is sent to control transmitting element 32;
Control transmitting element 32 is used in set transmitting time, and user corresponding to control connects the transmission carrier resource applying and send request.
The present invention also can have other various embodiments; under the situation that does not deviate from spirit of the present invention and essence thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art can make various corresponding changes and modification according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modification all should belong to the protection range of the appended claim of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1, reduce the method for information transmission conflict in a kind of mobile communication system, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) for being arranged on, group competes the parameter that sends message request on the shared resource;
(2) need to send each user of message in the group according to priority acquisition the at random delivery time on shared resource of described parameter in conjunction with self.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, step (2) further comprises: if the transmission of user on shared resource clashes, then reselecting at random, delivery time sends message.
3, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step (1), initial delay is set sends periodicity and maximum delay transmission periodicity; In step (2), the user calculates with reference to the delayed delivery cycle according to the priority that initial delay sends periodicity and user, and 0 and with reference to the delayed delivery cycle between produce this user by random algorithm the delayed delivery cycle; After waiting for several send opportunity of described delayed delivery cycle, the user sends message on group's resources shared.
4, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in step (1), initial delay is set sends periodicity, and the priority parameters that is connected with the user according to described initial delay transmission periodicity arranges described with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity; It is 0 transmission number of attempt, maximum number of attempt and the maximum delay transmission periodicity of sending that initial value is set.
5, method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in step (2), more described initial delay sends periodicity and described priority parameters; When initial delayed delivery periodicity＞priority parameters, being provided with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is the difference that initial delay sends periodicity and priority parameters; Otherwise being provided with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is 0, in the shared resource transmission message of present frame.
6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in step (2), the user connects message of every transmission, and the value of described transmission number of attempt is added 1; Start the timer wait-for-response; When receiving response then at timer, then message sends successfully, finishes transmission flow.
7, method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in step (2), if do not receive response at timer then, judge to send number of attempt and whether send number of attempt greater than maximum, when greater than the time, message sends failure, finishes transmission flow.
8, method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in step (2), when send number of attempt be less than or equal to maximum when sending number of attempt, judge with reference to 2 times of the delayed delivery periodicity whether greater than maximum with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity; When greater than the time, be set to maximum delay with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity and send periodicity; Otherwise, be set to current 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
According to the described method of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 9, it is characterized in that 9, described shared resource is a carrier resource, described message is carrier resource applying message.
10, reduce the device of information transmission conflict in a kind of GSM, it is characterized in that, described device comprises set of time unit and control transmitting element, wherein:
Time is provided with the unit, is used to each user of group to connect the transmitting time that corresponding message request is set, and described transmitting time is sent to the control transmitting element;
The control transmitting element is used in set transmitting time, and user corresponding to control connects the transmission message send request.
11, device according to claim 10 is characterized in that, the set of time unit also is used for again for the user connects transmitting time being set, and described transmitting time being sent to the control transmitting element when the transmission of user on shared resource clashes.
12, device according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, in the set of time unit, set in advance with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity, and 0 and with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity between, produce at random a delayed delivery periodicity for each user of group connects; After waiting for several send opportunity of described delayed delivery cycle, user corresponding to control transmitting element control connects transmission message.
13, device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, in the set of time unit, initial delay is set sends periodicity, and the priority parameters that is connected with the user according to described initial delay transmission periodicity arranges described with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
14, device according to claim 13 is characterized in that, in the set of time unit, more described initial delay sends periodicity and described priority parameters; When initial delayed delivery periodicity＞priority parameters, arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is the difference that initial delay sends periodicity and priority parameters; Otherwise arranging with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity is 0.
15, device according to claim 14 is characterized in that, in the set of time unit, initial value is set is 0 transmission number of attempt, and the user connects message of every transmission, and the value of described transmission number of attempt is added 1; Start timer and wait for the response of base station; When timer was received the response of base station then, then message sends successfully, finishes transmission flow.
16, device according to claim 15, it is characterized in that, in the set of time unit, the maximum number of attempt that sends is set, if do not receive the response of base station then at timer, judge whether send number of attempt sends number of attempt greater than maximum, when greater than the time, message sends failure, finishes transmission flow.
17, device according to claim 16, it is characterized in that, be provided with in the unit, maximum delay is set sends periodicity in the time, be less than or equal to maximumly when sending number of attempt when sending number of attempt, judge whether 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity send periodicity greater than maximum delay; When greater than the time, be set to maximum delay with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity and send periodicity; Otherwise, be set to current 2 times with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity with reference to the delayed delivery periodicity.
According to the described device of arbitrary claim in the claim 10 to 17, it is characterized in that 18, described shared resource is a carrier resource, described message is carrier resource applying message.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2007101363854A CN101355724B (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2007-07-26 | Method and apparatus for reducing information transmission conflict in mobile communication system |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2007101363854A CN101355724B (en) | 2007-07-26 | 2007-07-26 | Method and apparatus for reducing information transmission conflict in mobile communication system |
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| CN101355724A true CN101355724A (en) | 2009-01-28 |
| CN101355724B CN101355724B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102045380A (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-05-04 | 柯尼卡美能达商用科技株式会社 | Management system and managed apparatus, and management method |
| WO2015081561A1 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | 富士通株式会社 | Method and apparatus for sending d2d discovery signal, and communications system |
| CN106455000A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-02-22 | 上海贝尔股份有限公司 | Method and device of realizing uplink access |
| WO2017198175A1 (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-23 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Licensed-assisted user equipment cooperation in unlicensed sidelink |
| CN110063841A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-30 | 苏州威斯德医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of excreta existence alarm method and alarm system |
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2007
- 2007-07-26 CN CN2007101363854A patent/CN101355724B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102045380A (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-05-04 | 柯尼卡美能达商用科技株式会社 | Management system and managed apparatus, and management method |
| CN102045380B (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2014-03-19 | 柯尼卡美能达商用科技株式会社 | Management system and managed apparatus, and management method |
| WO2015081561A1 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-11 | 富士通株式会社 | Method and apparatus for sending d2d discovery signal, and communications system |
| US10716051B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2020-07-14 | Fujitsu Connected Technologies Limited | Method and apparatus for transmitting D2D discovery signal and communication system |
| US10841865B2 (en) | 2013-12-06 | 2020-11-17 | Fujitsu Connected Technologies Limited | Method and apparatus for transmitting D2D discovery signal and communication system |
| CN106455000A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2017-02-22 | 上海贝尔股份有限公司 | Method and device of realizing uplink access |
| CN106455000B (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2019-12-31 | 上海诺基亚贝尔股份有限公司 | Method and device for realizing uplink access |
| WO2017198175A1 (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-23 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Licensed-assisted user equipment cooperation in unlicensed sidelink |
| CN109156037A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2019-01-04 | 华为技术有限公司 | License assisting user equipment cooperation in unlicensed lateral link |
| CN109156037B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2021-01-15 | 华为技术有限公司 | Licensed assisted user equipment cooperation in unlicensed sidelink |
| US10952031B2 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2021-03-16 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Licensed-assisted user equipment cooperation in unlicensed sidelink |
| CN110063841A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-07-30 | 苏州威斯德医疗科技有限公司 | A kind of excreta existence alarm method and alarm system |
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| CN101355724B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
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