CN101324666A - Method for detecting concealed target life trace and concealed target detection device - Google Patents
Method for detecting concealed target life trace and concealed target detection device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the radar technology, in particular to the hidden target detection and recognition technology. The invention discloses a method for detecting a hidden living target by utilizing the radar technology and a detection device. The hidden target detection device of the invention is composed of a microwave radar, and is characterized in that the microwave radar has two different modes: a moving target detection mode and a life sign detection mode. The method and the detection device have the advantages that the detection and the positioning of the hidden target are carried out by utilizing the penetrability of the microwave. The accurate detection of the motion state of the hidden target can be carried out, the detection and the recognition of the life signs of a static target can also be carried out, thereby being able to be widely applied in fight against terrorism, disaster relief and other fields.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Radar Technology, particularly concealed target is surveyed recognition technology.
Background technology
Concealed target is surveyed, be meant detection to non-electromagnetic wave transparent medium barrier internal object, as monitoring through walls (through-the-wall surveillance, TWS) or imaging through walls (through-the-wall imaging, TWI), it can penetrate construction barrier such as wall, and to the target of barrier back survey, locate, tracking and imaging.To terrorist in the buildings and hostage's detection, location, tracking and state analysis, during disaster assistance the search and rescue aid of personnel in the ruins etc. is all belonged to its application in the struggle against terror.
The radar system of prior art can realize the detection to concealed target, but existing Detection Techniques are low to hidden moving target discrimination, and particularly, if target remains static, whether existing Detection Techniques can not be discerned it is the target that vital signs is arranged.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention just provides a kind of method and sniffer that utilizes Radar Technology to survey hidden living aim, is used for hidden moving target is surveyed, located, and static concealed target is carried out vital signs survey.
The present invention solve the technical problem, and the technical scheme of employing is that concealed target sign of life detection method may further comprise the steps:
A. to the target launching electromagnetic wave;
B. the reflection wave of receiving target;
C. judge the sign of life of target according to little Doppler's feature of target reflection ripple.
Further, described little Doppler is characterized as life movement to electromagnetic modulation.
Concrete, described life movement is to the electromagnetic phase modulation (PM) that is modulated to.
Concrete, described life movement is the heartbeat and the breathing of human body.
Further, described step c comprises:
C1. remove undesired signal and DC component in the target echo;
C2. according to little Doppler's feature of breathing and heartbeat, adopt low-pass filter to separate respiration information and heartbeat message with Hi-pass filter;
C3. respiration information and heartbeat message being carried out spectrum analysis judges and has or not sign of life.
Concealed target sniffer of the present invention is made of microwave radar, it is characterized in that, described microwave radar has two kinds of various patterns: Moving Target Exploitation pattern and sign of life detection mode.
Further, described microwave radar comprises receiving and transmitting front end, control system and signal processing system; When described microwave radar was operated in the Moving Target Exploitation pattern, described receiving and transmitting front end was launched the step frequency electromagnetic wave according to the instruction of control system; When described microwave radar was operated in the sign of life detection mode, described receiving and transmitting front end was launched single-frequency continuous wave according to the instruction of control system.
Further, filtering system is made of 4 groups of low-pass filters before the described transmitting-receiving; When described microwave radar was operated in the Moving Target Exploitation pattern, corresponding low pass filter cutoff frequency was 1MHz; When described microwave radar was operated in the sign of life detection mode, corresponding low pass filter cutoff frequency was 10Hz.
Concrete, describedly advance frequency wave frequency scope and be: 1～3GHz; Described single-frequency continuous wave frequency is: 2GHz.
Further, described receiving and transmitting front end emitting antenna and receiving antenna adopt ultra-wideband antenna.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, utilize the penetrability of microwave, concealed target is surveyed, located.Can survey accurately the motion state of concealed target, and the vital signs of static target is surveyed and discerned, can be widely used in fields such as struggle against terror, disaster assistance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment;
Fig. 2 is a receiving and transmitting front end echo receiving unit circuit diagram;
Fig. 3 is the signal processing system synoptic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the control system synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail.
The important vital signs of human body comprises breathing and heartbeat etc., can cause the vibration of skin.For example, the frequency of normal person's heartbeat is about 0.8～2.5Hz, and respiratory rate is about 0.2～0.5Hz, about the about 1～4mm of Oscillation Amplitude.These signs of life can make radar return little Doppler's feature occur.
People such as W.R.Scott point out that unmodulated continuous wave can reach 10 to the detection sensitivity of mechanical vibration
-9The m magnitude, and the method is called the vibration electromagnetic surveying.Therefore, though the above-mentioned vital signs of human body is very faint, still can realize surveying.
The single-frequency continuous wave of supposing emission is
Generally speaking, the people is when transfixion, because human body respiration or heartbeat cause people's skin to have the fluctuating of 1～4mm, and have periodically, so just can set up corresponding mathematical model---biharmonic function, describes this process.Respectively with
,
And Δ
1, Δ
2The breathing of expression human body and the frequency and the amplitude of heartbeat,
Be constant phase, then the motion Δ r (t) of human body skin can be expressed as:
When electromagnetic wave irradiation to man-hour, main reflection occurs in air-skin boundary.Suppose that mean distance is r between antenna and the application on human skin
0Then the distance of the skin surface of electromagnetic wave arrival at a time can be write as:
r(t)＝r
0+Δr(t)
Then received signal can be expressed as:
Wherein, A
iAnd τ
iBe respectively the amplitude and the time delay of i static target echo; A
tIt is the echo amplitude of human body; K=2 π/λ is a wave number, and λ is the radiated electromagnetic wave wavelength,
Received signal receives through orthogonal coherent, can obtain received signal after the removal DC component to be:
Based on having behind the Bessel's function abbreviation:
Comprise three partial spectrum components in the following formula, m
1=m
2=0 o'clock DC component,
,
Fundamental frequency harmonics, and
The higher harmonic components of forming.Received signal has comprised little Doppler's feature of life movement.
In actual treatment, usually in a given time window, compose estimation to received signal, and remove the DC component of received signal.For suppressed sidelobes also must carry out windowing process to signal, suppose that institute's windowing is Hamming window w
H(t), y in limited time window then
s(t) fourier spectra is:
Therefore have:
Wherein:
By
As can be known: the mould of spectrum and target apart from r when orthogonal coherent receives
0Irrelevant.
Suppose that signal transmission power is 5dBm, target is in maximum distance and RCS (radar reflection face) minimum; The low-pass filter of baseband signal is 10Hz by frequency; The system works frequency is 2GHz; Amplitude of respiration is 4mm, and the heartbeat amplitude is 1mm; Look into the Bessel's function table, as calculated as can be known: the high about 25dB of echo strength that breathes the signal intensity ratio heartbeat of echo; The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of breathing the echoed signal component is about 13dB.Therefore, the static human body sign of life can be detected.
If other moving-target noise jamming are arranged in the echo, can adopt the filtering algorithm of following the tracks of the disturbance spectrum peak, moving-target is disturbed suppress, thereby the influence that moving-target is disturbed drops to minimum.For the short time interference,, can transform to time and frequency zone and detect because breathing and heartbeat have periodicity, and exist always.
Earlier echo data is followed the tracks of the filtering of disturbance spectrum peak so can adopt, separate heartbeat and respiration information with low-pass filter by a high pass again, respectively it is carried out analysis of spectrum, have or not the judgement of sign of life then.
Said process is verified by emulation and test.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, microwave radar is made up of receiving and transmitting front end, control system, signal processing system and power-supply system.Operating personnel realize man-machine interaction by GUI (graphic user interface) in the control system display module and system, running parameter is set, make the device each several part with the cooperation mutually of certain time sequence relation, finish Moving Target Exploitation and sign of life and survey two kinds of functional modes.
The receiving and transmitting front end circuit is finished the amplification of signal, mixing, major functions such as filtering IQ demodulation.It comprises the frequency step signal source, intermediate frequency reference source, frequency mixer, coupling mechanism, low noise amplifier, IQ detuner and wave filter etc.It can finish control flexibly according to control signal, comprises that the customization initial sum stops sweep frequency, a complete content such as sweep time; Can produce the stepping frequency conversion continuous wave of 1～3GHz, be used for moving target location and detection and synthetic aperture imaging, or the continuous wave that produces single-frequency is used for the sign of life detection.Fig. 2 shows the synoptic diagram of echo receiving unit in this part circuit, and each receiving cable has 4 groups of low-pass filters (LPF).Echoed signal is received antenna and receives, and through front-end processings such as low noise amplification, mixing, filtering, IQ demodulation, by change-over switch the IQ signal is selected, and imports low-pass filter respectively.For the Moving Target Exploitation pattern, corresponding low pass filter cutoff frequency is 1MHz; For the sign of life detection mode, its corresponding low pass filter cutoff frequency then is 10Hz.
This routine microwave radar adopts the superheterodyne reception system, can overcome heterodyne system and be subjected to the frequency source harmonic effects easily, and the influence and the direct current signal of the unbalance in phase that gained easily during quadrature demodulation are subject to shortcomings such as flicker noise influences.It adopts a two receive mode of receiving simultaneously, and is main in order to be used for the oval cross bearing to moving target.Antenna adopts super-broadband graded crack antenna.
The synoptic diagram of signal processing system during Fig. 3.The major function of this part circuit is with the data after the IQ demodulation, carry out the AD conversion by digital to analog converter (ADC), become digital signal, it is temporary to enter SRAM (static memory) then, pass through digital signal processor (DSP) at last and handle, send control system to.Crystal oscillator provides work clock for system among the figure.
Signal place system is the important component part of whole radar, finishes two kinds of signal and data processing that mode of operation is required.Signal processing system must be finished the corresponding signal process task according to different mode of operations, mainly comprises functions such as clutter inhibition, sign of life detection, Moving Target Exploitation, false target rejecting.
Native system adopts the scheme of DSP+FPGA (digital signal processor+programmable gate array) to realize.Dsp chip adopts the TigerSHARC series TS203S of two ADI companies to realize that this processor chip integration has become jumbo storer, and cost performance is very high.This chip core operating rate can reach 500MHz, and finishing once again multiplication only needs the 2ns time.Generally speaking, as long as last one group of data processing time is organized data collection time less than next, just can requirement of real time.Native system has different requirements in different mode of operations to handling property.
The signal processing system output data is presented on the LCDs (LCD) of control system, and is finished functions such as the setting of radar parameter and mode of operation selection by control system by man-machine GUI interactive mode, adopts embedded computer version.The control system structure as shown in Figure 4.Wherein 32 8-digit microcontrollers (MCU) adopt the ARM9 series of products of Atmel company, and its dominant frequency reaches 200MHz; FPGA mainly realizes functions such as bus interface, liquid crystal display driving, Clock management, can select for use Cyclone II to finish.
The main process of the work of whole radar is as follows:
1, system start-up work: add power supply to system, press the system start-up button, the beginning preheating, system enters the work preparatory stage.
2, system's preliminary work:
Preheating finishes: embedded computer system starts, and enters gui interface, shows on LCD.
Parameter is provided with: the initial moment that operating personnel will work by keyboard, mode of operation is selected and the corresponding low-pass filter parameter selection of mode of operation therewith, waveform codes (sine), sweep parameter (the initial frequency that comprises scanning, frequency step stops frequency, the scan period), scanning times, attenuator values etc. are keyed in GUI.If will realize that the scene imaging pattern also need be provided with antenna movement parameter and PRF (pulse repetition rate), cycle sweep time etc.
Work is waited for: obtain system's all working parameter from GUI, the calculating of going forward side by side.Send the gained parameter to FPGA with the form of 2 system numbers then.FPGA enters work and waits for, when the work that is provided with rising edge constantly arrived, beginning was controlled each module work as control center.
3, launch each unit preliminary work: arrive when detecting set job initiation rising edge constantly, launch each unit and under the control of FPGA, begin preliminary work.
DDS (digital frequency synthesizer) preliminary work: FPGA sends the DDS reset signal, and DDS resets and sends out the DDS enable signal simultaneously, and DDS is started working, and mode of operation and running parameter sign indicating number are sent to DDS.Wait for the DDS ready signal then.
FPGA sends the attenuator parameter into attenuator, to control final transmitted waveform changes in amplitude.
All single pole multiple throws of FPGA control receiving and transmitting front end carry out path and select.
4, the local oscillator waveform triggers: wait for certain hour detected the ready signal of DDS by FPGA after, send the waveform trigger pulse by FPGA, SFCW (frequency steps afferent echo) local oscillation signal that control DDS produce to need, the interval of trigger pulse should be the single pass time and add the very short working clearance.Meanwhile, control system FPGA enters step 8.
5, transmitted waveform produces (down coversion): with local oscillation signal and with reference to after the intermediate frequency down coversion, gone out by transmission antennas transmit after decaying.
6, the echo intermediate frequency produces: with local oscillation signal respectively with two-way echoed signal down coversion after, behind the narrowband intermediate frequency filter filtering, obtain two-way echo intermediate-freuqncy signal.
7, IQ quadrature demodulation: two-way echo intermediate-freuqncy signal is carried out the IQ quadrature demodulation respectively, and with I1 as a result, Q1, I2, Q2 send into four AD converter respectively.
8, data sampling and conversion and control: when FPGA produces the waveform trigger pulse, FPGA will produce the AD chip selection signal simultaneously, four AD converter begin the input analog signal sampling under inner sampling clock control, after waiting for the very short time, FPGA sends CNVST (effectively low) pulse signal, AD converter starts conversion, and the BUSY signal is maintained high level afterwards.Behind the EOC, the BUSY signal becomes low.When BUSY signal negative edge, FPGA begins to take away data, and data are put into FIFO input buffering formation, meanwhile sends the CNVST pulse that starts conversion next time.So repeatedly, finish, return step 4, wait for waveform trigger pulse (very short at interval) next time until an A sweep.
Here it should be noted that: 1), need operating personnel to reselect pattern, key in new parameter value by GUI if need switching working mode in the course of the work, and the work wait, and repeating above-mentioned steps, system can begin new duty.2) data are delivered to FPGA after the AD sample conversion, and earlier after pre-service, SRAM is temporary, after the steps such as DSP processing, finally delivers to ARM and demonstrates the result by LCD again.
The present invention can survey hidden moving target, locatees, tracking and imaging, especially to the detection of hidden human body, can be used for fields such as anti-terrorism, disaster relief, law enforcement supervision, warning.
Claims (10)
1. concealed target sign of life detection method may further comprise the steps:
A. to the target launching electromagnetic wave;
B. the reflection wave of receiving target;
C. judge the sign of life of target according to little Doppler's feature of target reflection ripple.
2. concealed target sign of life detection method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described little Doppler is characterized as life movement to electromagnetic modulation.
3. concealed target sign of life detection method according to claim 2 is characterized in that described life movement is to the electromagnetic phase modulation (PM) that is modulated to.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described concealed target sign of life detection methods, it is characterized in that described life movement is the heartbeat and the breathing of human body.
5. concealed target sign of life detection method according to claim 4 is characterized in that described step c comprises:
C1. remove undesired signal and DC component in the target echo;
C2. according to little Doppler's feature of breathing and heartbeat, adopt low-pass filter to separate respiration information and heartbeat message with Hi-pass filter;
C3. respiration information and heartbeat message being carried out spectrum analysis judges and has or not sign of life.
6. the concealed target sniffer is made of microwave radar, it is characterized in that, described microwave radar has two kinds of various patterns: Moving Target Exploitation pattern and sign of life detection mode.
7. concealed target sniffer according to claim 6 is characterized in that described microwave radar comprises receiving and transmitting front end, control system and signal processing system; When described microwave radar was operated in the Moving Target Exploitation pattern, described receiving and transmitting front end was launched the step frequency electromagnetic wave according to the instruction of control system; When described microwave radar was operated in the sign of life detection mode, described receiving and transmitting front end was launched single-frequency continuous wave according to the instruction of control system.
8. concealed target sniffer according to claim 7 is characterized in that described receiving and transmitting front end comprises the receiving cable filtering system; Described receiving cable filtering system is made of 4 groups of low-pass filters; When described microwave radar was operated in the Moving Target Exploitation pattern, corresponding low pass filter cutoff frequency was 1MHz; When described microwave radar was operated in the sign of life detection mode, corresponding low pass filter cutoff frequency was 10Hz.
9. concealed target sniffer according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described step frequency wave frequency scope is: 1～3GHz; Described single-frequency continuous wave frequency is: 2GHz.
10. concealed target sniffer according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described receiving and transmitting front end emitting antenna and receiving antenna adopt ultra-wideband antenna.
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