CN101286911B - Networking method of wireless sensor network based on combination of cluster and Mesh - Google Patents
Networking method of wireless sensor network based on combination of cluster and Mesh Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a new networking method for a wireless sensor network, which adopts a mixed networking method of Mesh and clustered topology. The method comprises four devices of sink nodes, backbone nodes, cluster-head nodes and cluster-member nodes, wherein, the backbone nodes form a systematic backbone network through Mesh topology structure, and other nodes carry out networking according to the clustered topology form and are divided into the cluster-head nodes and the cluster-member nodes, wherein, a plurality of cluster-member nodes are under the management of the cluster-head nodes which are also responsible for reporting to the backbone nodes; a plurality of the cluster-head nodes are under the management of the backbone nodes. The three kinds of nodes of the backbone nodes, the cluster-head nodes and the cluster-member nodes carry out networking interactively through distributed information. Collection nodes are mainly responsible for the collection of network sensor data and part of network management work. By virtue of the mixed networking method of Mesh and clustered topology, the new networking method of the invention can fully utilize the conductivity of the Mesh network and reciprocal multi-hop communication, and the advantages of the clustered structure in energy saving and management, thereby effectively realizing the state management, sleep management and data transmission of the nodes in the wireless sensor network at a relatively large scale.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the novel network-building method of a kind of wireless sense network communications field.
Background technology
Along with the develop rapidly of sensor technology, wireless communication technology, embedded computing technique, distributed information processing and increasingly mature, microsensor and network with perception, computing capability and communication capacity begin to occur on a large scale.Wireless sensor network can detect collaboratively in real time, tracking and collection network are laid various environment in the zone or the information of monitoring target, and to these information work in coordination with, fusion treatment, obtain conclusion comparatively accurately, be sent to the user then.It is with a wide range of applications at aspects such as military affairs, environmental monitoring, health care, industrial automation, public safeties.
The microsensor node generally adopts powered battery to make that big characteristics of sensing net are energy constraints, in order to prolong network life overriding concern factor is to improve energy efficiency, makes node enter sleep state when need not to participate in network work or obtaining sensing data as far as possible.During network survivability, node can add and deviated from network dynamically, therefore requires network to be with good expansibility simultaneously.Another important feature of sensor network is to use specificity, upload data message entropy and incident accuracy rate in order to improve, often need polymorphic type transducer, multi-node collaborative information processing between network node, and requirement realizes the seamless covering of area to be monitored, therefore, sensor network has node layout density height, and node perceived information has characteristics such as redundancy.In addition, wireless sensor network does not rely on fixing infrastructure, and network node requires to have self organization ability.
At above characteristics, traditional flat topology controlling mechanism can not satisfy the large-scale network-estabilishing requirement of wireless sensor network, and can not support well that local data merges, the work of efficient managing power consumption and transducer, dormancy dispatching mechanism etc., therefore, sub-clustering mechanism becomes the topology control method of disposing and realizing the intensive laying wireless sensor network of efficient extensibility.It is compared with the flat topology structure, in convergence, fusion, energy efficiency, satisfy aspect such as network QoS requirement and can obtain preferably and improve.Existing cluster-dividing method has several classes, as low-yield self adaptation sub-clustering hierarchical algorithms (Low Energy AdaptiveClustering Hierarchy, LEACH), mix efficiency distribution cluster-dividing method (Hybrid Energy-EfficientDistributed Clustering, HEED) etc., how main concern forms cluster structured substantially, and do not consider communication mechanism between effective bunch, just simple hypothesis leader cluster node can one jumps to the base station, and this hypothesis is too harsh and difficult realization for the sensing node of energy constraint.Though comparatively famous S-MAC agreement has also proposed the thought of virtual cluster division, but from topology control, it still is a kind of planar structure, therefore can't effectively support the demand of large scale network, and S-MAC itself exist in design as: over-burden for boundary node, no network energy equilibrating mechanism, can't effectively support problem such as data fusion.Zigbee has proposed the topological controlling mechanism of bunch tree on the basis of 802.15.4, but this scheme is a kind of complete set Chinese style network-building method, the mode that network is laid is had relatively high expectations, and have serious restriction aspect network delay and scale extensibility.Though and some other sub-clustering algorithm considered bunch between communication mechanism, under the synchronous prerequisite of hypothesis length of a game, carry out often, and this hypothesis is difficult to realize for massive wireless sensor or network overhead is excessive.Also have communication mechanism between a class bunch be by bunch between gateway node realize, but for network life cycle is the wireless sensor network of main measurement index, to effectively keep with all neighbours on every side bunch bunch between communicate by letter, just must guarantee that gateway node is in running order between corresponding bunch, therefore, the whole sequencing control complexity of network is unfavorable for extension of network and energy-conservation.Communication between bunch is if based on direct communication between leader cluster node or by the via node direct communication, then can cause leader cluster node or via node expense excessive, and subsequent network reconstruct and maintenance mechanism complexity.A kind of comparatively feasible method promptly is to guarantee orderly the sleeping and scheduling on duty of most of node energy at present, and a spot of node then is used for the connectedness of maintaining network, and this all is acceptable in the application scenarios of most of wireless sense network.
The Mesh network technology is mainly used in the high speed ad hoc deployed wireless networks at present, but it is for peer-to-peer communications and the good support characteristic of multi-hop transmission, to safeguarding the operation of wireless sense network, keeps multi-hop to transmit the unimpeded important function that has.Therefore, the part characteristic and the technology of Mesh net can be effectively applied in the wireless sensor network.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of networking method of wireless sensor network that combines based on Mesh and sub-clustering is provided.
At existing technical problem, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: it mainly is divided into three steps, comprises networking between backbone node, leader cluster node networking, bunch member node networking, carries out successively:
Networking flow process between a1, backbone node: backbone node is pressed superframe (Fig. 2) mechanism works, and backbone node is broadcasted the Beacon frame in its Broadcast period, has comprised the super frame period information of backbone node in the Beacon frame.Adopt distributed broadcasting to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel (Fig. 3), assurance Beacon frame is broadcasted success as far as possible;
Other backbone nodes within broadcasting backbone node transmission range receive this backbone node Beacon frame, then the address of this backbone node of record in the neighbor table of oneself.
The backbone node of the Beacon frame correspondence that the leader cluster node record is received.
The Beacon frame of backbone node belongs to the broadcasting control frame of MAC layer, and the recipient does not need to reply.
Backbone node receives corresponding frame, and handling process as shown in Figure 4.
A2, leader cluster node networking: when leader cluster node receives the Beacon frame of backbone node,, then directly abandon this Beacon frame if added the connection of backbone node.
Leader cluster node does not add the connection of any backbone node, and receives the Beacon frame of backbone node first, in the Communication period of backbone node, sends the REQ frame to it.
Leader cluster node does not add the connection of any backbone node, but receives several Beacon frames from different backbone nodes.Leader cluster node is selected to send the REQ frame to each backbone node according to the sequencing that the Beacon frame arrives successively, for each backbone node, sends the REQ frame at most 3 times.
When leader cluster node sends the REQ frame, adopt the distributed clean culture of MAC layer to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel, guarantee that the REQ frame sends successfully.The REQ frame is the clean culture control frame of MAC layer, needs recipient's ACK to reply.
Can correctly receive the backbone node of leader cluster node, can reply an ADMIT frame, agree that it connects application.The ADMIT frame is the clean culture control frame of MAC layer, needs recipient's ACK to reply.
After successfully connecting with higher level's backbone node, the leader cluster node node can write down the superframe information of backbone node, generates table dispatching cycle of oneself, and the stage on duty carried out according to the cycle, as shown in Figure 5.
Leader cluster node can be broadcasted the Beacon frame of oneself at radio slot, wherein comprises periodic scheduling information.Leader cluster node adopts the distributed broadcasting of MAC layer to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel, guarantees the success of broadcasting.
Bunch member node node in the broadcasting leader cluster node transmission range, recorder is to the address of the leader cluster node of Beacon frame correspondence.
The Beacon frame of leader cluster node is the broadcasting control frame of MAC layer, does not need recipient's answer.
Leader cluster node receives the handling process of various control frames, as shown in Figure 6.
Leader cluster node adds the flow process of backbone node, as shown in Figure 7.
A3, bunch member node networking flow process: when bunch member node is received the Beacon frame of leader cluster node,, then directly abandon this Beacon frame if added a leader cluster node.
Bunch member node does not add any bunch, can send the REQ frame to the leader cluster node of broadcasting Beacon frame, and request adds.Leader cluster node has set in advance greatest member's number, and when receiving the REQ frame of magnetosensitive, current number of members does not surpass greatest member's number, then agrees its adding, then replys an ADMIT frame; Otherwise refusal is then replied a DENY frame.
Bunch member node is received the ADMIT frame, and then representative adds successfully; Receive the DENY frame, then intercept the Beacon frame of other leader cluster nodes, prepare to add.
The REQ frame of bunch member node, the ADMIT frame of leader cluster node, DENY frame all are the clean culture control frames of MAC layer, need recipient's ACK to reply.
After success added leader cluster node, bunch member node can write down the periodic scheduling information of leader cluster node, generated table dispatching cycle of oneself, and as shown in Figure 8, the stage on duty carried out according to the cycle.The Uplink period is the period of a variable-length, does not have data to report at Uplink period node, still sleep; Reported data is finished sleep immediately.
The handling process that magneto-dependent sensor is received various control frames as shown in Figure 9.
The flow chart of magneto-dependent sensor adding leader cluster node as shown in figure 10.
Device in the above-mentioned networking method of wireless sensor network that combines based on Mesh and sub-clustering mainly contains:
A, backbone node: backbone node mainly is responsible for the connectedness and the transfer of data of whole network, and each backbone node is in charge of several leader cluster nodes.Adopt big transmitting power to carry out networking between backbone node by the mode of Mesh.
B, leader cluster node: leader cluster node mainly is responsible for the management and the transfer of data of a sub-clustering, and each leader cluster node is in charge of several bunches member node.Leader cluster node adopts periodic sleep dispatching management mode.
C, bunch member node: bunch member node mainly is responsible for the collection of sensing data, is the elementary cell of sensing network, adopts the periodic sleep dispatching management.
D, aggregation node: aggregation node mainly is responsible for the data collection of whole network, and the broadcasting of aggregation node positional information.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the system group network flow process.
Fig. 2 is a backbone node superframe schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of backbone node broadcasting Beacon frame.
The process chart of Fig. 4 various control frames (comprising MAC layer and route layer) for backbone node receives.
Fig. 5 is the superframe schematic diagram of leader cluster node.
Fig. 7, leader cluster node add the flow chart of backbone node.
Fig. 8 is bunch member's superframe figure dispatching cycle.
Fig. 9 receives the handling process of various control frames for magneto-dependent sensor.
Figure 10 adds the leader cluster node flow chart for magneto-dependent sensor.
Embodiment:
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in the figure, a kind of networking method of wireless sensor network that combines based on Mesh and sub-clustering of the present invention comprises following main device:
A, backbone node: backbone node mainly is responsible for the connectedness and the transfer of data of whole network, and each backbone node is in charge of several leader cluster nodes.Adopt big transmitting power to carry out networking between backbone node by the mode of Mesh.
B, leader cluster node: leader cluster node mainly is responsible for the management and the transfer of data of a sub-clustering, and each leader cluster node is in charge of several bunches member node.Leader cluster node adopts periodic sleep dispatching management mode.
C, bunch member node: bunch member node mainly is responsible for the collection of sensing data, is the elementary cell of sensing network, adopts the periodic sleep dispatching management.
D, aggregation node: aggregation node mainly is responsible for the data collection of whole network, and the broadcasting of aggregation node positional information.
The network-building method of the present invention's design mainly is divided into three steps, comprises networking between backbone node, leader cluster node networking, bunch member node networking, carries out successively:
Networking flow process between a1, backbone node: backbone node is pressed superframe (Fig. 2) mechanism works, and backbone node is broadcasted the Beacon frame in its Broadcast period, has comprised the super frame period information of backbone node in the Beacon frame.Adopt distributed broadcasting to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel (Fig. 3), assurance Beacon frame is broadcasted success as far as possible;
Other backbone nodes within broadcasting backbone node transmission range receive this backbone node Beacon frame, then the address of this backbone node of record in the neighbor table of oneself.
The backbone node of the Beacon frame correspondence that the leader cluster node record is received.
The Beacon frame of backbone node belongs to the broadcasting control frame of MAC layer, and the recipient does not need to reply.
Backbone node receives corresponding frame, and handling process as shown in Figure 4.
A2, leader cluster node networking: when leader cluster node receives the Beacon frame of backbone node,, then directly abandon this Beacon frame if added the connection of backbone node.
Leader cluster node does not add the connection of any backbone node, and receives the Beacon frame of backbone node first, in the Communication period of backbone node, sends the REQ frame to it.
Leader cluster node does not add the connection of any backbone node, but receives several Beacon frames from different backbone nodes.Bunch head is selected to send the REQ frame to each backbone node according to the sequencing that the Beacon frame arrives successively, for each backbone node, sends the REQ frame at most 3 times.
When leader cluster node sends the REQ frame, adopt the distributed clean culture of MAC layer to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel, guarantee that the REQ frame sends successfully.The REQ frame is the clean culture control frame of MAC layer, needs recipient's ACK to reply.
Can correctly receive the backbone node of leader cluster node, can reply an ADMIT frame, agree that it connects application.The ADMIT frame is the clean culture control frame of MAC layer, needs recipient's ACK to reply.
After successfully connecting with higher level's backbone node, leader cluster node can write down the superframe information of backbone node, generates table dispatching cycle of oneself, and the stage on duty carried out according to the cycle, as shown in Figure 5.
Leader cluster node can be broadcasted the Beacon frame of oneself at radio slot, wherein comprises periodic scheduling information.Leader cluster node adopts the distributed broadcasting of MAC layer to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel, guarantees the success of broadcasting.
Bunch member node node in the broadcasting leader cluster node transmission range, recorder is to the address of the leader cluster node of Beacon frame correspondence.
The Beacon frame of leader cluster node is the broadcasting control frame of MAC layer, does not need recipient's answer.
Leader cluster node receives the handling process of various control frames, as shown in Figure 6.
Leader cluster node adds the flow process of backbone node, as shown in Figure 7.
A3, bunch member node networking flow process: when bunch member node is received the Beacon frame of leader cluster node,, then directly abandon this Beacon frame if added a bunch of head.
Bunch member node does not add any bunch, can send the REQ frame to the leader cluster node of broadcasting Beacon frame, and request adds.Leader cluster node has set in advance greatest member's number, and when receiving the REQ frame of magnetosensitive, current number of members does not surpass greatest member's number, then agrees its adding, then replys an ADMIT frame; Otherwise refusal is then replied a DENY frame.
Bunch member node is received the ADMIT frame, and then representative adds successfully; Receive the DENY frame, then intercept the Beacon frame of other leader cluster nodes, prepare to add.
The REQ frame of bunch member node, the ADMIT frame of leader cluster node, DENY frame all are the clean culture control frames of MAC layer, need recipient's ACK to reply.
After success added leader cluster node, bunch member node can write down the periodic scheduling information of bunch head, generated table dispatching cycle of oneself, and as shown in Figure 8, the stage on duty carried out according to the cycle.The Uplink period is the period of a variable-length, does not have data to report at Uplink period node, still sleep; Reported data is finished sleep immediately.
The handling process that magneto-dependent sensor is received various control frames as shown in Figure 9.
The flow chart of magneto-dependent sensor adding leader cluster node as shown in figure 10.
Claims (5)
1. networking method of wireless sensor network that combines based on grid and sub-clustering is characterized in which comprises at least three steps: networking between backbone node, leader cluster node networking, bunch member node networking, carry out successively;
Networking flow process between a1, backbone node: the mode by Mesh between backbone node is carried out networking, backbone node is pressed the superframe mechanism works, backbone node is in its Broadcast period, broadcasting Beacon frame, the super frame period information that has comprised backbone node in the Beacon frame, adopt distributed broadcasting to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel, assurance Beacon frame is broadcasted success as far as possible;
A2, leader cluster node networking: when leader cluster node receives the Beacon frame of backbone node,, then directly abandon this Beacon frame if added the connection of backbone node;
A3, bunch member node networking flow process: when bunch member node is received the Beacon frame of leader cluster node,, then directly abandon this Beacon frame if added a leader cluster node; Bunch member node does not add any bunch, sends the REQ frame to the leader cluster node of broadcasting Beacon frame, and request adds; Leader cluster node has set in advance greatest member's number, and when receiving the REQ frame of bunch member node, current number of members does not surpass greatest member's number, then agrees its adding, then replys an ADMIT frame; Otherwise refusal is then replied a DENY frame.
2. the networking method of wireless sensor network that combines based on grid and sub-clustering according to claim 1, it is characterized in that other backbone nodes within broadcasting backbone node transmission range in the networking flow process between the a1 backbone node receive this backbone node Beacon frame, then the address of this backbone node of record in the neighbor table of oneself;
The backbone node of the Beacon frame correspondence that the leader cluster node record is received;
The Beacon frame of backbone node belongs to the broadcasting control frame of MAC layer, and the recipient does not need to reply.
3. the networking method of wireless sensor network that combines based on grid and sub-clustering according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the networking of a2 leader cluster node:
Leader cluster node does not add the connection of any backbone node, and receives the Beacon frame of backbone node first, in the Communication period of backbone node, sends the REQ frame to it;
Leader cluster node does not add the connection of any backbone node, but receives several Beacon frames from different backbone nodes; Leader cluster node is selected to send the REQ frame to each backbone node according to the sequencing that the Beacon frame arrives successively, for each backbone node, sends the REQ frame at most 3 times;
When leader cluster node sends the REQ frame, adopt the distributed clean culture of MAC layer to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel, guarantee that the REQ frame sends successfully, the REQ frame is the clean culture control frame of MAC layer, needs recipient's ACK to reply;
Can correctly receive the backbone node of the REQ frame of leader cluster node, can reply an ADMIT frame, agree that it connects application, the ADMIT frame is the clean culture control frame of MAC layer, needs recipient's ACK to reply;
After successfully connecting with higher level's backbone node, leader cluster node can write down the superframe information of backbone node, generates table dispatching cycle of oneself, and the stage on duty carried out according to the cycle;
Leader cluster node can be broadcasted the Beacon frame of oneself at radio slot, wherein comprises periodic scheduling information; Leader cluster node adopts the distributed broadcasting of MAC layer to keep out of the way tactful competitive channel, guarantees the success of broadcasting;
Bunch member node in the broadcasting leader cluster node transmission range, recorder is to the address of the leader cluster node of Beacon frame correspondence;
The Beacon frame of leader cluster node is the broadcasting control frame of MAC layer, does not need recipient's answer.
4. the networking method of wireless sensor network that combines based on grid and sub-clustering according to claim 1 is characterized in that in a3 bunch of member node networking flow process:
Bunch member node is received the ADMIT frame, and then representative adds successfully; Receive the DENY frame, then intercept the Beacon frame of other leader cluster nodes, prepare to add;
The REQ frame of bunch member node, the ADMIT frame of leader cluster node, DENY frame all are the clean culture control frames of MAC layer, need recipient's ACK to reply;
After success added leader cluster node, bunch member node can write down the periodic scheduling information of leader cluster node, generated table dispatching cycle of oneself, and the stage on duty carried out according to the cycle; The Uplink period is the period of a variable-length, does not have data to report at Uplink period node, still sleep; Reported data is finished sleep immediately;
5. the networking method of wireless sensor network that combines based on grid and sub-clustering according to claim 1 is characterized in that the device in the networking has at least:
A, backbone node: backbone node mainly is responsible for the connectedness and the transfer of data of whole network, and each backbone node is in charge of several leader cluster nodes;
B, leader cluster node: leader cluster node mainly is responsible for the management and the transfer of data of a sub-clustering, and each leader cluster node is in charge of several bunches member node; Leader cluster node adopts periodic sleep dispatching management mode;
C, bunch member node: bunch member node mainly is responsible for the collection of sensing data, is the elementary cell of sensing network, adopts the periodic sleep dispatching management;
D, aggregation node: aggregation node mainly is responsible for the data collection of whole network, and the broadcasting of aggregation node positional information.
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