CN101246218B - Three-component VSP wave field separation method - Google Patents
Three-component VSP wave field separation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention uses the characteristics that various wave fields have various polarization directions and various transmission directions on three-component VSP record, and realizes high fidelity separations of various wave fields with two-step method. At first, separating the complex wave field records into simple wave field records, which is based on rays tracking polarization filtering, for realizing part separation; then using the characteristic that various wave fields have opposite transmitting directions in simple wave field record, and realizing total separation of wave field through directional filter. The invention uses three-component VSP wave field to separate, which has the merit of high fidelity, and is suitable for every kinds of high precision VSP treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes the poor of the polarization direction of different wave fields and the direction of propagation, by the combination of ray tracing, polarization filtering and trend pass filtering, realizes that the high-fidelity of different wave fields in the three-component wave field record is separated, and belongs to the earthquake digital processing field.
Background technology
Existing three-component VSP wave field separation method all belongs to the multichannel filtering method as methods such as medium filtering, pie slice, F-K filtering, has defectives such as smear, low frequencyization, wave form distortion; There are adverse effect in wave field imaging and information extraction after separating.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiency of existing three-component VSP wave field separation method, the present invention combines by polarization filtering and the trend pass filtering based on ray tracing, realizes that the high-fidelity of different wave fields in the three-component VSP record is separated.
The ultimate principle and the step of two-step approach three-component VSP wave field separation:
Ultimate principle is to set about from the difference of the polarization direction of different wave fields and the direction of propagation, by the combination based on the polarization filtering and the trend pass filtering of ray tracing, realizes that the high-fidelity of different wave fields is separated.
Basic process was divided into for two steps (Fig. 1), at first by polarization filtering based on ray tracing, complicated wave field (comprising descending compressional wave, descending shear wave and up compressional wave, up shear wave) is decomposed into simple wave field (only comprise descending compressional wave and up shear wave, or only comprise up compressional wave and descending shear wave); Then according to the diametrically opposite characteristics of different directions of wave travel in the simple wave field, travel direction filtering finally reaches the purpose of wave field separation.
(1) based on the polarization filtering principle and the implementation method of ray tracing
As shown in Figure 2, having under the inclined to one side VSP condition, descending wave ray is with angle θ incident wave detector, and longitudinal wave field vector Up to the contribution of wave detector vertical component and radial component is respectively:
Upz＝Up·Cosθ， (1)
Upx＝Up·Sinθ； (2)
Shear wave (SV ripple) wave field vector Us to the contribution of wave detector vertical component and radial component is respectively:
Usz＝Us·Sinθ， (3)
Usx＝Us·Cosθ。(4)
As long as incident angle θ is non-vanishing, the wave field that wave detector vertical component and horizontal component record is not pure compressional wave or pure shear wave just.If revolving XOZ with the coordinate of wave detector, we forward X to
1OZ
1Even the Z axle of postrotational wave detector coordinate is parallel with incident ray, and (we claim X
1OZ
1Be descending wave ray coordinate), then Z component only contains compressional wave, and the X component only contains shear wave, promptly ripple separates in length and breadth.In gathering in the open air, this point is not definitely accomplished, is not only the apparatus and process problem, and main is because of the difference along with well depth under the wave detector, and incident angle θ is ceaselessly changing.But in indoor processing, we can realize by Rotating Transition of Coordinate.As shown in Figure 3, after the rotation, Z
1, X
1Wave field on the direction is respectively:
Uz1＝Upz·Cosθ+Upx·Sinθ-Usz·Cosθ+Usx·Sinθ， (5)
Ux1＝-Upz·Sinθ+Upx·Cosθ+Usz·Sinθ+Usx·Cosθ， (6)
Bring (1), (2), (3), (4) formula into (5), (6) formula, then:
Uz1＝Up·Cosθ·Cosθ+Up·Sinθ·Sinθ
-Us·Sinθ·Cosθ+Us·Cosθ·Sinθ
＝Up； (7)
Ux1＝-Up·Cosθ·Sinθ+Up·Sinθ·Cosθ
+Us·Sinθ·Sinθ+Us·Cosθ·Cosθ
＝Us (8)
(7), (8) formula explanation, receive rotation of coordinate after, Z component only contains compressional wave, the X component only contains shear wave.
In like manner, if according to upward traveling wave to the incident angle θ of wave detector with the position of wave detector rotation of coordinate to the upward traveling wave ray coordinates, then only contain up compressional wave in the Z component, do not contain up shear wave, only contain up shear wave in the X component, do not contain up compressional wave.
From above analysis as can be known, as long as we have known our needed ripple (descending ripple or upward traveling wave) incident angle to wave detector, we just can separate corresponding compressional wave, shear wave.Remaining issues is exactly a problem how to determine incident angle θ.Determine incident angle, we have expected ray tracing naturally, as if because VSP can obtain good rate pattern, problem is not difficult to solve.But we must notice here, and ray tracing is just to set up under the condition of high-frequency approximation, and in fact so-called high-frequency approximation is exactly to require bed thickness to be far longer than wavelength, i.e. the thick-layer stratified model.In the requirement of calculating constantly this condition is not very harsh, but when calculating directions of rays, must strictly observe the condition that bed thickness is far longer than wavelength, because in the actual physics process, seismic wave energy is propagated in the lamelliform medium, can not frequently change direction, promptly in the lamelliform medium, can not calculate direction of wave travel with ray tracing.In fact, for our polarization filtering, average velocity and direct rays theory are exactly well approximate.
Though upward traveling wave and descending ripple all adopt formula (5), (6) to carry out polarization filtering, because of obtaining the method difference of incident angle θ, and different implementation methods is arranged.
Descending wave trajectory is fairly simple, no matter is compressional wave, transformed wave or multiple reflection, all can regard as from shot point, and direct directive well geophone is so adopt straight line approximate; And for same wave detector road, even asynchronism(-nization), θ is also constant.The implementation method of obtaining down traveling-wave field by polarization filtering is fairly simple, comprises following three steps:
(a) adopt following formula to calculate the incident angle at a certain degree of depth place of descending ripple
θ＝atan(x/h)，
θ is the incident angle of descending ripple to wave detector in the formula, also is the rotation of coordinate angle, and x is the distance of shot point to well head, and h is a well depth under the wave detector.
(b), all time-sampling points in wave detector road, respective depth place are carried out rotation of coordinate with θ substitution (5), (6) two formulas.
(c) circulation (a) (b) is handled all wave detector roads, degree of depth place, promptly finishes the extraction of descending ripple.
The extraction of upward traveling wave is cumbersome.Upward traveling wave belongs to reflection wave, and under the observation condition of VSP, its incident, reflection paths are asymmetric, and therefore same acceptance point (the being same trace record) wave field at different time place is not only from the different degree of depth, also from different offset distances; Even this just means same trace record, different time place upward traveling wave is different to the incident angle of wave detector.The difference of not reaching the same goal, but this variation is continuous, thus we to there is no need be that the upward traveling wave incident angle is calculated in each time-sampling.Our method is, more than zone of interest, calculates the whilst on tour of upward traveling wave and to the incident angle of wave detector, determines the incident angle of each sample point upward traveling wave to wave detector by interpolation then according to certain depth interval.Utilize (5), (6) formula to carry out rotation of coordinate at last, virtual upward traveling wave ray coordinates is arrived in the physical record data conversion.The concrete steps that upward traveling wave extracts are:
A) to zero inclined to one side VSP data of same well, carry out first arrival and pick up, computation layer speed, and set up well circular velocity model.
B) to each recording channel, calculate the incident angle of the upward traveling wave of the reflecting interface at all wave detector degree of depth places below this road to this degree of depth place wave detector, and the whilst on tour that arrives this wave detector.The calculating of incident angle and whilst on tour can be adopted the thick-layer stratified model, also can adopt average velocity model (that is: descending ripple adopts the average velocity of ground to reflecting interface, and upward traveling wave adopts the average velocity of wave detector to reflecting interface).When adopting the thick-layer stratified model, utilize existing ray-tracing scheme to calculate incident angle and whilst on tour; When adopting the average velocity model, utilize the direct rays method to calculate incident angle and whilst on tour.
C) a series of time-angles of utilizing aforementioned calculation to obtain are right, do linear interpolation at time orientation, obtain the upward traveling wave incident angle of all samplings place effective time in this recording channel.Following (no observation station, no rate pattern) the upward traveling wave incident angle of all sampled points of zone of interest is got the incident angle of zone of interest upward traveling wave.
D) the upward traveling wave incident angle of each sampled point that previous step is obtained is brought formula (5), (6) into, calculates all postrotational wave field value in time-sampling point place of this road, the parallel (X with emerging ray of the Z axle of postrotational wave detector coordinate
1OZ
1Be the upward traveling wave ray coordinates), Z component only contains compressional wave, and the X component only contains shear wave, promptly ripple separates in length and breadth;
E) repeat b) to d) obtain the rotation result of all recording channels, be about to the result of acceptance point rotation of coordinate to the upward traveling wave ray coordinates, on it, upward traveling wave obtains maximum reinforcement, and has realized separating of up compressional wave and up shear wave.
(2) principle of trend pass filtering and implementation method
In the above-mentioned discussion, we have ignored a brass tacks, promptly in the record of each component, have both comprised upstream wave field, also comprise traveling-wave field down.Therefore, when us with the wave detector rotation of coordinate to descending wave ray coordinate time, though realized separating of descending compressional wave and descending shear wave still having a spot of upward traveling wave to mix in wherein.Usually, in the descending compressional wave, be mixed with up shear wave (SV ripple); Be mixed with up compressional wave in the descending shear wave.In like manner, when us with the wave detector rotation of coordinate to up wave ray coordinate time, though realized separating of up compressional wave and up shear wave also having descending ripple to mix in wherein: to be mixed with descending shear wave (SV ripple) in the up compressional wave, to be mixed with descending compressional wave in the up shear wave.Therefore, behind the polarization filtering, trend pass filtering must be and then done, the separation fully of all different wave fields could be realized.
In fact, as methods such as medium filtering, pie slice, F-K filtering, trend pass filtering also belongs to multichannel filtering, just under specific filtering object condition (significant wave is opposite with the interference wave direction of propagation), adopt less road number or/and employing is more prone to export the weighting factor of position, can realize good wave field separation.With regard to taking the F-K filtering that we use always, if we want close ripple W1 and the W2 of two apparent velocities shown in the separation graph 3a,, excise one because the two can not separate fully in the F-K territory, must hinder its two, promptly cause volume distortion phenomenons such as smear, low frequencyization; If but we want the both direction shown in the separation graph 3b opposite ripple W3 and W4 because both are distributed in two different quadrants in the F-K territory, be in the state that separates fully, so excise one, to it two without any influence.That is to say, the ripple opposite for the direction of propagation, the F-K wave filter can become good anisotropic filter.Trend pass filtering performing step based on the F-K conversion is as follows:
(a) the F-K conversion done in a certain upward traveling wave or descending ripple record through polarization filtering;
(b) if extract upward traveling wave, then with F-K territory K value greater than 0 part complete resection; If extract descending ripple, then with F-K territory K value less than 0 part complete resection;
(c) do contrary F-K conversion, obtain the trend pass filtering result.
The present invention is used for three-component VSP wave field separation, can obviously improve the fidelity of wave field separation, has overcome smear, low frequencyization and the wave form distortion phenomenon of existing method.Can be used as one of effective tool of high precision VSP data processing.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 two-step approach three-component VSP wave field separation method process synoptic diagram.
Accompanying drawing 2 is based on polarization filtering (descending ripple) principle schematic of ray tracing.
Accompanying drawing 3 is based on the trend pass filtering principle schematic of F-K conversion.
Accompanying drawing 4 application examples of the present invention.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing 1 two-step approach three-component VSP wave field separation method process synoptic diagram.Dp, Ds, Up and Us represent descending compressional wave, descending shear wave, up compressional wave and up shear wave respectively among the figure.
Through after the polarization filtering step, keep descending compressional wave Dp and up shear wave Us in the wave field or keep descending shear wave Ds and up compressional wave Us in one group;
After through the trend pass filtering in the two-step approach, can fully up shear wave Us or descending compressional wave Dp be separated; Equally also fully descending shear wave Ds or up compressional wave Up are peeled off from wave field.
Accompanying drawing 2 is based on polarization filtering (descending ripple) principle schematic of ray tracing.S represents focus among the figure, and W represents well head, and R represents three-component seismometer, and θ represents the incident angle of ripple to wave detector, and P represents compressional wave, and SV is illustrated in the shear wave a kind of shear wave of most critical (the most common in the three-component VSP record) of vertical in-plane polarization; Coordinate system XOZ is X, the Z axial plane coordinate system of three-component seismometer, coordinate system X
1OZ
1For compressional wave and SV shear wave plane of polarization and coordinate system that directions of rays determined, claim ray coordinates again.
Accompanying drawing 3 is based on the trend pass filtering principle schematic of F-K conversion.Wherein 3-a is that two directions of propagation are identical, and the ripple that apparent velocity is close (left side) is not by separating (right side) fully in the F-K territory after the conversion; Wherein 3-b is that two directions of propagation are opposite, and the ripple (left side) that the apparent velocity value is close is by separating (right side) fully in the F-K territory after the conversion.The t-x coordinate is the time-space domain coordinate among the figure, and the f-k coordinate is a F-K territory coordinate; W1, W2, W3, W4 represent the seismic event with the different directions of propagation and different apparent velocities respectively.
Accompanying drawing 4 application examples of the present invention.A left side: the original wave field that comprises descending compressional wave, descending shear wave, up compressional wave, up shear wave; In: with the up compressional wave that " based on the polarization filtering of ray tracing " among the present invention extracts, descending compressional wave and up shear wave are obviously suppressed; Right: on the basis of middle figure, the up compressional wave that utilizes " based on the trend pass filtering of F-K conversion " among the present invention to extract, descending shear wave is all removed.
According to above-mentioned techniqueflow, the inventor has utilized visual C++ and MFC platform development under Windows operating system corresponding software, and system in Tahe Oilfield real three component VSP data carried out the wave field separation processing.As shown in Figure 4, effect of the present invention is obvious.
Claims (3)
1. three-component VSP wave field separation method, described method is decomposed into the complicated wave field that comprises descending compressional wave, descending shear wave and up compressional wave, up shear wave the simple wave field that only comprises descending compressional wave and up shear wave or only comprise up compressional wave and descending shear wave by the polarization filtering based on ray tracing;
Then according to the diametrically opposite characteristics of different directions of wave travel in the simple wave field, travel direction filtering finally reaches the purpose of wave field separation;
Concrete procedure is:
A is based on the polarization filtering step of ray tracing:
● obtain down the traveling-wave field step by polarization filtering:
(a) adopt following formula to calculate the incident angle at a certain degree of depth place of descending ripple
θ＝arctan(x/h)，
θ is the incident angle of descending ripple to wave detector in the formula, also is the rotation of coordinate angle, and x is the distance of shot point to well head, and h is a well depth under the wave detector;
(b) with θ substitution (5), (6) two formulas, formula as follows:
Uz1＝Upz×Cosθ+Upx×Sinθ-Usz×Cosθ+Usx×Sinθ，(5)
Ux1＝-Upz×Sinθ+Upx×Cosθ+Usz×Sinθ+Usx×Cosθ，(6)
All time-sampling points to wave detector road, respective depth place carry out rotation of coordinate: the coordinate XOZ of wave detector is rotated to X
1OZ
1Even the Z axle of postrotational wave detector coordinate is parallel with incident ray; X
1OZ
1Be descending wave ray coordinate, then Z component only contains compressional wave, and the X component only contains shear wave, and promptly ripple separates in length and breadth;
(c) circulation above-mentioned steps (a)-(b) is handled all wave detector roads, degree of depth place, promptly finishes the extraction of descending ripple;
● obtain the upstream wave field step by polarization filtering: more than zone of interest, calculate the whilst on tour of upward traveling wave and, determine the incident angle of each sample point upward traveling wave by interpolation then to wave detector to the incident angle of wave detector according to certain depth interval; Utilize (5), (6) formula to carry out rotation of coordinate at last, virtual upward traveling wave ray coordinates is arrived in the physical record data conversion; The concrete steps that upward traveling wave extracts are:
(a) to zero inclined to one side VSP data of same well, carry out first arrival and pick up, computation layer speed, and set up well circular velocity model;
(b) to each recording channel, calculate the incident angle of the upward traveling wave of the reflecting interface at all wave detector degree of depth places below this road to this degree of depth place wave detector, and the whilst on tour that arrives this wave detector; The thick-layer stratified model is adopted in the calculating of incident angle and whilst on tour, when adopting the thick-layer stratified model, utilizes existing ray-tracing scheme to calculate incident angle and whilst on tour;
(c) a series of time-angles of utilizing aforementioned calculation to obtain are right, do linear interpolation at time orientation, obtain the upward traveling wave incident angle of all samplings place effective time in this recording channel, the incident angle that the upward traveling wave incident angle of following all sampled points of zone of interest is got the zone of interest upward traveling wave;
(d) the upward traveling wave incident angle of each sampled point that previous step is obtained is brought formula (5), (6) into, formula as follows:
Uz1＝Upz×Cosθ+Upx×Sinθ-Usz×Cosθ+Usx×Sinθ，(5)
Ux1＝-Upz×Sinθ+Upx×Cosθ+Usz×Sinθ+Usx×Cosθ，(6)
Calculate all postrotational wave field value in time-sampling point place of this road, the Z axle of postrotational wave detector coordinate is parallel with emerging ray, wherein X
1OZ
1Be the upward traveling wave ray coordinates, Z component only contains compressional wave, and the X component only contains shear wave, and promptly ripple separates in length and breadth;
(e) repeat the rotation result that (b)-(d) obtains all recording channels, be about to the result of acceptance point rotation of coordinate to the upward traveling wave ray coordinates, its upward traveling wave obtains maximum the reinforcement, and has realized separating of up compressional wave and up shear wave;
B direction filtering method step:
Adopt medium filtering, pie slice, F-K filtering method.
2. a kind of three-component VSP wave field separation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Obtaining by polarization filtering in the upstream wave field step, (b) calculating in or employing average velocity model; Described employing average velocity model is that descending ripple adopts the average velocity of ground to reflecting interface, and upward traveling wave adopts the average velocity of wave detector to reflecting interface; When adopting the average velocity model, utilize the direct rays method to calculate incident angle and whilst on tour.
3. a kind of three-component VSP wave field separation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The trend pass filtering performing step of described F-K filtering method is as follows:
(a) the F-K conversion done in a certain upward traveling wave or descending ripple record through polarization filtering;
(b) if extract upward traveling wave, then with F-K territory K value greater than 0 part complete resection; If extract descending ripple, then with F-K territory K value less than 0 part complete resection;
(c) do contrary F-K conversion, obtain the trend pass filtering result.
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| US11796699B2 (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2023-10-24 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | System and methods for determining a converted wave attenuated vertical seismic profile of a hydrocarbon reservoir |
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