CN101142372A - Down hole physical upgrading of heavy crude oils by selective energy absorption - Google Patents
Down hole physical upgrading of heavy crude oils by selective energy absorption Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101142372A CN101142372A CNA2006800088853A CN200680008885A CN101142372A CN 101142372 A CN101142372 A CN 101142372A CN A2006800088853 A CNA2006800088853 A CN A2006800088853A CN 200680008885 A CN200680008885 A CN 200680008885A CN 101142372 A CN101142372 A CN 101142372A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- applicator
- electromagnetic energy
- crude oil
- heavy crude
- well
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2401—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection by means of electricity
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/04—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones using electrical heaters
Abstract
The present invention utilizes the ability of electromagnetic energy at the appropriate frequency to selectively deposit thermal energy in the heavy oil for precise control of cracking temperature throughout a given volume of material. Selective electromagnetic energy absorption in the heavy crude oil provides energy efficient transfer of heat at the molecular level and thereby insures precise temperature control throughout the treatment volume. This allows for optimization of the visbreaking process using electromagnetic energy.
Description
Technical field
Relate generally to of the present invention uses electromagnetic energy that heavy crude oil is under the gentle thermal cracking condition, thereby reduces viscosity, pour point and the proportion of oil, makes its easier exploitation and manipulation.More particularly, the present invention relates to electromagnetic energy is added on the heavy oil in the reservoir, so that the method that improves (upgrade) on the spot and help to exploit.The invention still further relates to electromagnetic energy is added in system on the heavy oil on the spot.
Background technology
There are some problems in heavy crude oil aspect exploitation and the production.The crude oil that API severe is low all has the production problem with the crude oil with high pour point in reservoir He outside the reservoir.Extraction and this oil ratio of refining be difficulty and expensive.Particularly, pumping heavy crude oil or that it is transported by pipeline is all very difficult.
Today, making ins all sorts of ways improves the shortcoming of heavy crude oil.For example, petroleum industry is mixed with light oil and petrogas (proprane) gas by making heavy crude oil, reduces the problem of ground controlling, and they are handled in pipeline and storage facility easily.But there is shortcoming in this method, because it does not have help to the initial recovery of oil, and expensive.
Can also use the technology that is called " visbreaking (visbreaking) " or gentle thermal cracking to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil." visbreaking " but be a kind of oil refining process that improves the heavy crude oil pump-conveying property.Generally, it is finished by heating heavy crude oil in stove.This technology be characterized as gentle decomposition, form minimum and product cracking of amount of coke and stay in the initial raw material.The viscosity of the mixture that the result obtains, pour point and rate of specific gravity are oily lower than original.Yet with regard to current application, this viscosity breaking technology can not act on the oil on the spot.
The present invention has given new content of visbreaking and new purpose, and has proposed to use improving one's methods of visbreaking.In the present invention, the realization of visbreaking is by utilizing electromagnetic energy heating heavy crude oil, rather than heats heavy crude oil in stove.In addition, the present invention is applicable to and handles oil on the spot.This processing can improve the oil in reservoir, helps oil exploitation.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes the electromagnetic energy of appropriate frequency optionally heavy oil to be applied the next cracking temperature of accurately controlling of ability of heat energy in the material of whole given volume.Selective electromagnetic energy absorption in the heavy crude oil provides the heat energy of molecular level effectively to transmit, thereby guarantees accurately to control on the entire process volume temperature.This makes and can utilize electromagnetic energy to optimize viscosity breaking technology.
Correctly select frequency and power duration (power duration) to make the quick cracking of heavy hydrocarbon to desirable any degree by electromagnetic energy absorption.When reaching desirable cracking degree, hot oil matrix forms visibly different one group of electrology characteristic, and this electrology characteristic can (EVP) be measured in the process on the ground at " electromagnetism viscosity breaking technology ", to guarantee in down-hole precise dose and power control.
This EVP that is proposed can provide effective energy absorption and to the control of thermal cracking of heavy oil, so that improve on the spot.Low-power (tens kilowatts) electromagnetic energy is applied on the stratum heavy oil leniently decomposed, make the formation of coke minimize and make the product of cracking to stay in the initial raw material to carry out visbreaking.The viscosity of resulting mixture, pour point and rate of specific gravity are lower than original oil.
The present invention has some promising application.Can utilize the present invention to improve heavy crude oil.The present invention also can help recovery of heavy crude oil from reservoir.In addition, the present invention can be used for the more effectively oil shale recovery of hydrocarbons from for example existing in US West.
In one embodiment of the invention, provide a kind of system that is used at the subsurface processes heavy crude oil.This system can comprise: have the well in the zone of crude oil in the soil; Be arranged on the electromagnetic energy applicator near the well of heavy crude oil to be processed; Be attached to this electromagnetic energy applicator electromagnetic energy is offered the cable of applicator; Be attached to this cable, be used to produce the electromagnetic energy generator of the electromagnetic energy that will supply with described applicator; With the product return line that passes described well.This product return line is made of the near-end that is positioned near the far-end the electromagnetic energy applicator and is located on or near ground.Oil or other products can be by described far-end extraction.
In another embodiment of the present invention, provide a kind of method at the subsurface processes heavy crude oil.This method comprises the following steps: the electromagnetic energy applicator is arranged near the heavy crude oil the well; Produce electromagnetic energy; Utilize applicator that electromagnetic energy is applied on the heavy crude oil, to realize thermal cracking; And, by product return line extraction heavy crude oil.
Although understand a plurality of embodiment, but those skilled in the art still can understand other embodiment of the present invention from the detailed description of following expression and explanation embodiments of the invention.Under the conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make improvement at each aspect conspicuous to the present invention.Therefore, drawings and detailed description are illustrative, are not restrictive.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the phantom drawing of individual well eye radiant type applicator;
Fig. 2 is the close-ups figure (close up view) of the part of applicator system;
Fig. 3 is the phantom drawing of a part of another structure of individual well eye applicator;
Fig. 4 is the phantom drawing of the well head that uses with the applicator system;
Fig. 5 represents the example of the absorption data that draws the experiment from the big oil molecule that electromagnetic energy is applied to oil shale.
The specific embodiment
Can use various multi-form downhole electromagnetic structures that electromagnetic energy is applied on the heavy crude oil on the spot.The structure that is suitable in any concrete application depends on various factors, comprises uniformity and the generation of unsaturated hydrocarbon and the minimizing of coking degree of the degree of depth, heat.
Fig. 1 is the phantom drawing of individual well eye radiant type applicator.Applicator system 10 is placed in the well 12.Well 12 is by sleeve pipe 14 supportings.Then, utilize applicator system 10, electromagnetic energy is added near the well 12 the heavy crude oil.
Utilize production pipeline 40 to carry out the exploitation of oil and relevant product.This nonmetal pipeline passes well from the production area of well 12 and extends to ground 16.On the ground, produce pipeline 40, be connected with storage or processing facility (not shown) by the product return line.
Fig. 2 is the close-ups figure of the part of applicator system.Applicator structure 20, rigid coaxial cable 32 and production pipeline 40 all are arranged in the well 12.The typical sizes of this system shown in Fig. 2.Ceramic support beads 34 support rigid coaxial cable 32.In addition, place ceramic pressure window 36 at the top of applicator 20.
Fig. 3 is the phantom drawing of a part of another structure of individual well eye applicator.In this structure, use dipole feed (dipole feed).Coaxial feed 38 is around producing pipeline 40.Ceramic window 36 is arranged on the bottom of coaxial feed 38.
Though provided the object lesson of applicator structure, should be understood that can operation technique on other known structures.Utilize as in No. 5065819, United States Patent (USP) disclosed antenna array scheme, can reach uniform heating.Can utilize such technology to minimize coking condition in the well that applicator is set, and can avoid the excessive electrode voltage gradient under the high power.The mutual coupling of array utilization reduces the excessive voltage gradient in the well.Measure individually from the ability of the power of each applicator well reflection of comprising radiator and the coupling of the phase mutual impedance between any a pair of applicator well and guaranteed accurate temperature control heated volume.
Other modification, comprise " the RF heating of Utah sand asphalt " (J.Bridges as in the graduate Final Report of IIT, delivering people such as J.Bridges, et al., " RF Heating of Utah Tar Sands ", Final Report, IIT Research Institute) the non-radiative structure that proposes in all is possible.Yet this structure is subject to high electrical breakdown (high voltage breakdown) destruction and need carries out heavy boring work, and this is uneconomic.
Special well head need combine with applicator system 10 and be suitable for.By suitable design, well head can and be delivered to applicator effectively with the RF energy security.
Fig. 4 is the phantom drawing of the well head that uses with the applicator system.The weight of down-hole applicator (not shown) drops on the interior special bellows 46 of well head.This guarantees in the energy transmission course owing to the mechanical movement of the hot any downhole hardware that causes can interrupt power flow.Input hole 44 allows nitrogen to be imported into the inside of well head and well, and then guarantees to apply safely the RF energy.Insulator 45 is set above bellows 46, and a center conductor expansion pipe (central conductor expansionjoint) is arranged on the top of insulator.At the well head top that coaxial cable 30 stretches out and pass to RF generator 28, coaxial line sealing and perpendicular alignmnet clamping plate 26 are fixed on cable on the well head.Product return line 41 is transported to storage or processing facility (not shown) with the product of being exploited by this system, and the pipeline 43 that draws water can remove water outlet from well 12.
The present invention also can be applicable in the oil shale oil field, as some oil fields of US West.In a series of experiments, the big oil molecule that exists in this oil shale is heated, with the dielectric frequency response characteristic (dielectric frequency response) of assessment along with variations in temperature.Response characteristic under the low temperature is always by connate water control, till this water is removed as steam.After water became steam condition, the degree of mineral matter control energy absorption reached till about 300～350 ℃ until temperature.In this temperature range, electromagnetic energy begins preferentially to be absorbed by heavy oil.It is rapidly that this selectable absorption begins, and required power control, to guarantee not occur following the excessive temperature of coking.Fig. 5 illustrates the example of the absorption data that draws from this experiment.
Because the high-temperature selective energy absorption capability of heavy oil, so can control the bulk temperature of the down-hole crude oil that heats by electromagnetic energy very carefully.In case after utilizing evaporation that connate water is removed, energy requirement is minimized.Provide the heater means of visbreaking to compare with any other, utilize electromagnetic energy to reach the gentle required energy much less of cracking temperature.
Kasevich has announced and the relevant molecular theory of the special heating of heavy oil molecules.He finds, by with cable oil (cable insulating oil) with from the kerogen (oil) of oil shale relatively, the statistical distribution in the relaxation time in the kerogen dielectric medium provided electromagnetic energy how in oil by the absorbed best theory explanation of dielectric medium character.Higher and when molecular complex internal potential energy barrier reduced, the selectivity energy absorption increased fast when temperature.
In use, the user of embodiments of the invention should be arranged on the applicator system in the well in the zone that has heavy crude oil.The user is positioned at itself the applicator structure in the well of the target area that applies the RF energy.The user is connected by coaxial cable this applicator structure with the RF generator.Produce pipeline and extend to ground, and lead to storage or processing facility therefrom from Production Regional.Then, the user utilizes the RF generator, the RF energy is added on the applicator, thereby the RF energy is applied on the heavy crude oil on the spot.Should control the RF energy, to minimize the coking situation and to realize desirable cracking and improvement to heavy crude oil.Then, manage the product that collects by production and be delivered to storage or the processing facility.
Though with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been described, the technician knows, under the conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can do some changes to form and details.
Claims (11)
1. system that is used at the subsurface processes heavy crude oil, this system comprises:
Be arranged in the well that there is the zone of crude oil in the soil;
Be arranged on the electromagnetic energy applicator near the well of heavy crude oil to be processed;
Be attached to described electromagnetic energy applicator electromagnetic energy is offered the cable of described applicator;
Be attached to described cable, be used to produce the electromagnetic energy generator of the electromagnetic energy that will offer described applicator; With
Pass the product return line of described well; This product return line comprises:
Be positioned near the far-end of described electromagnetic energy applicator, oil or other products can be by this far-end by extraction; With
Be located on or near the near-end on ground.
2. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described applicator is an aerial array.
3. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described applicator is a solenoid antenna.
4. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described applicator is a helical aerials.
5. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least one is attached to described product return line in described cable and the applicator.
6. the system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described product return line is connected to storage or processing facility.
7. the system as claimed in claim 1 wherein, also comprises: be positioned at the well head at the place, ground of described well, described well head comprises:
Bellows, it is connected to described applicator structure, makes this bellows support the weight of applicator.
8. system as claimed in claim 7 wherein, also comprises the sealable opening that is used for gas is imported described well head and well.
9. method at the subsurface processes heavy crude oil, described method comprises the following steps:
The electromagnetic energy applicator is arranged near the heavy crude oil the well;
Produce electromagnetic energy;
Utilize described applicator that electromagnetic energy is applied on the heavy crude oil, realize thermal cracking; And
By product return line extraction heavy crude oil.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, further comprising the steps of:
Control is applied to the electromagnetic energy on the heavy crude oil, to improve heavy crude oil on the spot.
11. method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, electromagnetic energy is applied on the heavy crude oil in the oil shale.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64515405P | 2005-01-19 | 2005-01-19 | |
| US60/645,154 | 2005-01-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101142372A true CN101142372A (en) | 2008-03-12 |
Family
ID=36190473
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006800088853A Pending CN101142372A (en) | 2005-01-19 | 2006-01-19 | Down hole physical upgrading of heavy crude oils by selective energy absorption |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060180304A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1871984A2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101142372A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR053537A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2595293A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2007008798A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006078946A2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103003613A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-03-27 | 哈里公司 | Apparatus and method for heating of hydrocarbon deposits by axial rf coupler |
| CN104005745A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-27 | 哈里公司 | Apparatus for heating a hydrocarbon resource in a subterranean formation providing an adjustable liquid coolant and related methods |
| CN107387041A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 吉林大学 | One kind note critical medium oil shale single well stimulation conversion process |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7091460B2 (en) * | 2004-03-15 | 2006-08-15 | Dwight Eric Kinzer | In situ processing of hydrocarbon-bearing formations with variable frequency automated capacitive radio frequency dielectric heating |
| CA2704575C (en) | 2009-05-20 | 2016-01-19 | Conocophillips Company | Wellhead hydrocarbon upgrading using microwaves |
| US8230934B2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2012-07-31 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Apparatus and method for directionally disposing a flexible member in a pressurized conduit |
| US8839856B2 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2014-09-23 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Electromagnetic wave treatment method and promoter |
| US9044731B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-06-02 | Harris Corporation | Radio frequency hydrocarbon resource upgrading apparatus including parallel paths and related methods |
| US9200506B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-12-01 | Harris Corporation | Apparatus for transporting and upgrading a hydrocarbon resource through a pipeline and related methods |
| US10161233B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2018-12-25 | Harris Corporation | Method of upgrading and recovering a hydrocarbon resource for pipeline transport and related system |
| US9057237B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2015-06-16 | Harris Corporation | Method for recovering a hydrocarbon resource from a subterranean formation including additional upgrading at the wellhead and related apparatus |
| US9765586B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2017-09-19 | Harris Corporation | Radio frequency and fluid coupler for a subterranean assembly and related methods |
| CN109252833B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-10-15 | 西南石油大学 | Natural gas hydrate exploitation method |
| CN115773107B (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2024-04-19 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Underground radio frequency heating oil displacement test device for thickened oil exploitation |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2757738A (en) * | 1948-09-20 | 1956-08-07 | Union Oil Co | Radiation heating |
| GB896407A (en) * | 1959-05-25 | 1962-05-16 | Petro Electronics Corp | Method and apparatus for the application of electrical energy to organic substances |
| US3133592A (en) * | 1959-05-25 | 1964-05-19 | Petro Electronics Corp | Apparatus for the application of electrical energy to subsurface formations |
| US3170519A (en) * | 1960-05-11 | 1965-02-23 | Gordon L Allot | Oil well microwave tools |
| US4193448A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1980-03-18 | Jeambey Calhoun G | Apparatus for recovery of petroleum from petroleum impregnated media |
| US4508168A (en) * | 1980-06-30 | 1985-04-02 | Raytheon Company | RF Applicator for in situ heating |
| US4524827A (en) * | 1983-04-29 | 1985-06-25 | Iit Research Institute | Single well stimulation for the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from subsurface formations |
| IT1177590B (en) * | 1984-03-08 | 1987-08-26 | Mario Chiaro | DEVICE FOR THE PREPARATION OF FOAM HOT MILK |
| US4576231A (en) * | 1984-09-13 | 1986-03-18 | Texaco Inc. | Method and apparatus for combating encroachment by in situ treated formations |
| US4620593A (en) * | 1984-10-01 | 1986-11-04 | Haagensen Duane B | Oil recovery system and method |
| US5065819A (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1991-11-19 | Kai Technologies | Electromagnetic apparatus and method for in situ heating and recovery of organic and inorganic materials |
| US5236039A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1993-08-17 | General Electric Company | Balanced-line RF electrode system for use in RF ground heating to recover oil from oil shale |
-
2006
- 2006-01-19 US US11/335,846 patent/US20060180304A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-01-19 EP EP06719067A patent/EP1871984A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-01-19 MX MX2007008798A patent/MX2007008798A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-01-19 AR ARP060100206A patent/AR053537A1/en unknown
- 2006-01-19 CN CNA2006800088853A patent/CN101142372A/en active Pending
- 2006-01-19 WO PCT/US2006/002098 patent/WO2006078946A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-01-19 CA CA002595293A patent/CA2595293A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103003613A (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-03-27 | 哈里公司 | Apparatus and method for heating of hydrocarbon deposits by axial rf coupler |
| CN104005745A (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2014-08-27 | 哈里公司 | Apparatus for heating a hydrocarbon resource in a subterranean formation providing an adjustable liquid coolant and related methods |
| CN104005745B (en) * | 2013-02-01 | 2017-05-03 | 哈里公司 | Apparatus for heating a hydrocarbon resource in a subterranean formation providing an adjustable liquid coolant and related methods |
| CN107387041A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 吉林大学 | One kind note critical medium oil shale single well stimulation conversion process |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20060180304A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| WO2006078946A2 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| CA2595293A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
| MX2007008798A (en) | 2008-03-10 |
| AR053537A1 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
| WO2006078946A3 (en) | 2006-11-09 |
| EP1871984A2 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20080312 |