CN101106284A

CN101106284A - A charging method for negative and positive pulse

Info

Publication number: CN101106284A
Application number: CNA2007100692375A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 鲍旭东
Original assignee: ZHENGDA ELECTRIC APPLIANCES CO Ltd JIANDE
Current assignee: ZHENGDA ELECTRIC APPLIANCES CO Ltd JIANDE
Priority date: 2007-06-07
Filing date: 2007-06-07
Publication date: 2008-01-16
Anticipated expiration: 2027-06-07
Also published as: CN100541970C

Abstract

The invention relates to a positive and negative impulse charge method, which adopts a 220V AC rectified 100Hz pulsation DC to directly carry out the transformation of the positive impulse. The positive and the negative impulses are transferred in the same impulse transformer B. A charging area and a charging stop area related with the pulsation DC are provided. When the pulsation DC voltage crosses a zero point and the voltage of a check point A rises to 120V, the positive impulse transfers the circuit and starts to work; while, when the voltage drops back to 90V, the positive impulse converter stops working. When the charge stops for a period, the negative impulse transfers the circuit and starts to work, the energy electric of storage battery then charges for the stored capacitor C3 and the negative impulse lasts 0.2 to 1mS and stops. The positive impulse again transfers the circuit and starts to work until the next pulsation DC voltage rises to 120V. The invention has the advantages that according to the change regulation of the AC, the invention arranges the positive and negative impulse to work to make the whole power supply stable and the power factor high; the positive and negative impulse are transferred in the same transformer, and the discharge of the negative impulse is stored in the capacitor C3 for the next positive impulse charge use.

Description

Charging method of positive and negative pulses

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of charging, in particular to a positive and negative pulse charging method.

Background

The original positive and negative pulse position arrangement is artificially set, generally 220V is rectified and filtered by a large electrolytic capacitor or converted into direct current by power, then positive pulse charging conversion is carried out, after charging for a period of time, the positive pulse charging conversion stops, the negative pulse conversion starts, the negative pulse discharging also stops after a period of time, and then the positive pulse conversion starts again. The randomness of artificially setting the positive and negative pulse intervals is strong, the negative pulse area cannot be arranged near n 180-17-n 180+23 degrees with weak alternating current power supply capacity, and the frequency is usually lower (lower than 10 Hz). When charging with larger power, the power of the power grid fluctuates along with the alternation of positive and negative pulses, so that the voltage of the power grid also fluctuates, the bulb has low-frequency flicker, the motor also has vibration sound, and the electric appliance is damaged and the illumination comfort is influenced. In addition, the positive and negative pulse converters divide power factor conversion, positive pulse charging conversion and negative pulse conversion into three transformers or inductors for completion, and are also provided with a set of single chip microcomputer control assembly, so that the circuit is complex and high in cost, and pollution is also brought to a power grid.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and to providing a method for charging positive and negative pulses.

The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the positive and negative pulse charging method comprises the following steps: the 100HZ pulsating direct current rectified by 220V alternating current is adopted to directly carry out positive pulse conversion, and the positive pulse conversion and the negative pulse conversion are completed in the same pulse transformer B; after the voltage of the pulsating direct current passes through a 0 point, when the voltage of a detection point A rises to 120V (n 180 degrees +23 degrees), a positive pulse conversion circuit starts to work, namely, the electric energy is subjected to back-striking conversion by a coil L1 in a pulse transformer B and a transistor T1, and the pulse electric energy is used for charging a storage battery by a coil L2 and a diode D01; the pulsating direct current voltage continuously rises to the maximum value (310V), then falls back to 90V [ (n + 1) 180-17 ℃), and the positive pulse converter stops working; after the charging is stopped for a certain time, the negative pulse conversion circuit starts to work, namely, the electric energy of the storage battery is reversely converted by the coil L2, the diode D02 and the transistor T01 and then is charged to the energy storage capacitor C3 by the coil L1 and the diode D1, the negative pulse stops after lasting 0.2-1 mS, and when the next pulsating direct current voltage rises to 120V, the positive pulse conversion circuit starts to work again and is cycled periodically.

The charging interval is n180 degrees +23 degrees to (n + 1) 180 degrees-17 degrees, and the charging stopping area is n180 degrees-17 degrees-n 180 degrees +23 degrees.

The electric energy stored in the capacitor C3 is converted with the pulsating direct current together to charge the storage battery through the conversion of the positive pulse when the next positive pulse is converted.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. according to the change rule of alternating current, positive and negative pulses are arranged, positive pulse charging is carried out in an interval of 80% of stronger power supply capacity, the power supply capacity of the positive pulse charging accounts for 98% of the power supply capacity of the whole period, negative pulse discharging is carried out in an interval of 20% of weaker power supply capacity, and the power supply capacity only accounts for 2%; the power is not consumed in the negative pulse discharging period, if the positive pulse charging time is 1000 watts and the negative pulse discharging time is approximately 0 watt, the whole power supply is stable by adopting the method of the invention, and the power factor is high; 2. the design is reasonable, positive and negative pulses are completed in the same transformer, the control circuit is composed of hardware, the peak power of negative pulse discharge is more than 300W and is stored in a capacitor C3, and the negative pulse discharge is utilized when the next positive pulse is charged.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a positive-negative pulse conversion circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an overall circuit schematic of the invention as applied to a charger;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a control module of the positive pulse transformer circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the charge control and undershoot transformation control modules of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a waveform of the present invention after rectification of 220V AC;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of pulse waveforms for the charge and stop regions of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a waveform diagram illustrating the driving of the positive-pulse converting transistor T1 according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the feedback waveform and protection control of the M1 module according to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a waveform diagram illustrating the driving of the negative-pulse converting transistor T01 according to the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the waveforms of the positive pulse charge current and the negative pulse discharge current in the present invention;

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in fig. 1, the method for charging positive and negative pulses includes the following steps: the 100HZ pulsating direct current rectified by 220V alternating current is directly used for positive pulse conversion, and the positive pulse conversion and the negative pulse conversion are completed in the same pulse transformer B. The charging area and the charging stopping area which are related to the pulsating direct current after 220V alternating current rectification are arranged, the charging area is n180 degrees +23 degrees to (n + 1) 180 degrees-17 degrees, and the charging stopping area is n180 degrees-17 degrees-n 180 degrees +23 degrees. After the pulsating direct current voltage passes through a point 0, when the voltage of a detection point A rises to 120V (n 180 degrees +23 degrees), the positive pulse conversion circuit starts to work, namely, the electric energy is subjected to back-striking conversion by a coil L1 in a pulse transformer B and a transistor T1, and the pulse electric energy is subjected to charging on a storage battery by a coil L2 and a diode D01; the pulsating direct current voltage continuously rises to the maximum value (310V), and then when the pulsating direct current voltage falls back to 90V, the positive pulse converter stops working when the voltage (n + 1) is 180-17 degrees; after the charging is stopped for a certain time, the negative pulse conversion circuit starts to work, namely, the electric energy of the storage battery is reversely converted by the coil L2, the diode D02 and the transistor T01 and then is charged to the energy storage capacitor C3 by the coil L1 and the diode D1, the negative pulse stops after lasting 0.2-1 mS, and when the next pulsating direct current voltage rises to 120V, the positive pulse conversion circuit starts to work again and then periodically circulates. When the electric energy stored in the capacitor C3 is converted by the next positive pulse, the electric energy and the pulsating direct current are converted by the positive pulse to charge the storage battery.

The pulsating direct current voltage interval of the charging region can be expressed as 120V-310V-90V, and is expressed by phase angles of (n 180 DEG +23 DEG) to (n 180 DEG +163 DEG). In the interval, the flyback converter directly converts the pulsating direct current into positive pulse current to charge the storage battery.

The pulsating direct current voltage interval of the charging stopping area can be expressed as 90V-0-120V, and is expressed as (n 180-17) to (n 180+ 23) by phase angle. The negative pulse of the battery discharge is set in this interval.

The power supply capacity of the alternating current of the charging area is strong, more than 98% of the charging area can provide electric energy according to the time proportion, 20% of the power failure area only provides about 2% of the electric energy, the negative pulse is arranged in the interval, the power supply efficiency can be fully improved, and the lowest voltage on the energy storage capacitor and the minimum maximum capacity of the energy storage space can be selected when the negative pulse is fed back in a conversion mode. (calculation method is as follows)

The method for calculating the power supply energy of the charging stop area comprises the following steps:

1. when theta =17 degrees

Supply energy in [ (n 180-17) - (n 180) ]

The average power formula:

2. the energy ratio of theta in 180 is:

the formula:

3. when theta =23 degrees

Supply energy in [ (n 180) to (n 180+ 23) ]

4. The energy ratio of theta in 180 is:

the formula:

W1+W2＝0.005446+0.013291＝0.018737

the electric energy provided by the alternating current power in the charging stop region of 40 degrees of (n 180-17) to (n 180+ 23) is only about 2 percent of the electric energy provided by the whole half cycle of 0 to 180 degrees.

The specific circuit connections of fig. 2 are illustrated as follows:

the charger working principle is explained by taking a charger of 48V/10A as an example. And the No. 3 and No. 4 output terminals are connected with a 48V battery pack, the No. 3 terminal is connected with a positive terminal, and the No. 4 terminal is connected with a negative terminal. If the wiring is correct, the power supply indicates that the two-color light emitting tubes LED3 (blue) and LED4 (red) jointly emit orange light, so that the storage battery is normally connected. If the positive and negative are reversely connected, the current positive pole of the storage battery forms short-circuit current through the No. 4 end, the D08 end, the resettable current protector, the No. 3 end and the negative pole of the storage battery, the bimetallic strip of the current protector can be restored to be thermally deformed to trip, and the purpose of reverse connection protection is achieved. And re-wiring, and pressing the reset button to reset the protector.

No. 1 and No. 2 input terminals are 220V alternating current input terminals, FS1 is a fuse, a ZNR1 piezoresistor is connected with 220V input in parallel to absorb peak interference pulses above 400V, and C1, C2 and L form a filter to absorb some high-frequency interference pulses of a power grid and high-frequency pulses generated by the charger to reduce mutual interference between the charger and the power grid. Br is a bridge rectifier module which rectifies the input 220V alternating current into pulsating direct current to be supplied to a positive pulse counterattack converter, and the pulsating direct current is converted into positive pulse charging current for charging. Two rectifier diodes connected with the negative electrode in D4, D5 and Br form another group of rectifier bridges to provide a group of pure 100Hz pulsating direct current for M1 voltage detection and auxiliary power supply, the voltage of the point A rises after the 220V power supply is switched on, and R6 and R7 are positively biased for T6 and limited by ZD3 (36V). T6 works in a voltage follower state, power supply current charges C5 through R5 and T6, direct current voltage of about 30V can be obtained on C5, and direct current voltage of positive 15V is output to M1 and a peripheral control circuit after being stabilized by IC 1. An M1 auxiliary power supply voltage detection circuit and an M1 starting control circuit are formed by R10, ZD4, R11, R12, D7, R13, R14, T7 and T8, the circuit is designed to avoid that the auxiliary voltage does not reach the standard at the moment of power supply connection, so that M1 works abnormally, the voltage stabilizing value of ZD4 is 18V, when the voltage on C5 is lower than about 20V, T7 is cut off, R14 positively biases T8 to lead T8 to be conducted, the pin M13 is at zero potential, and the M1 pulse generator is not started. When the voltage on the C5 is larger than about 23V, R10, ZD4, R11, R12, D7 and R13 are positively biased to T7, T7 is conducted, T8 is zero biased, T8 is cut off, and the pin M13 normally works. And simultaneously, the currents of D7 and R13 disappear, the bias of T7 is increased, and a voltage detection controller with a hysteresis circuit is formed. The pulsating direct current voltage at the point A is transmitted to the pin M13 through the R28, and if the pulsating direct current voltage measured by the M1 through the R28 exceeds about 120V, the pin 2 is in a high level and the pin 2 is in a high level by the voltage comparator U1 in the M1. The voltage is divided by R8 and R9 and is applied to the base electrode of T5 to turn on T5, so that the grid voltage of T6 is zero, and T6 is cut off. The power on C5 continues to maintain M1 and peripheral circuits powered, and U1 in M1 also controls the pulse generator to generate positive pulse reverse-striking conversion driving pulse. The driving pulse output by the 8 pins is amplified by the currents of T3 and T4 and then transmitted to T1 through R2. After T1 is conducted, pulse direct current rectified by Br magnetizes L1 in the high-frequency transformer B from Br +, L1, T1, R1 and Br-, and stores energy. The current gradually increases linearly from zero, the stored energy in L1 also increases, and the voltage on R1 also increases. The voltage on R1 is applied to pin M17, then a group of bias circuits in M1 is applied to one input end of a voltage comparator U2 in M1, the other input end of U2 in M1 is provided with a current reference bias, the bias is mainly obtained by dividing voltage of R22 and R24, T11, R23 and C7 form an automatic adjustment current bias circuit, the automatic adjustment current bias circuit is applied to pin 5 of M1, and then another group of circuits in M1 is applied to U2. When the voltage of the M17 pin rises to a certain set value, the voltage comparison U2 turns off the pulse of the pulse generator in the M1, so that the 8 pin outputs low level, the T1 is cut off, the high-frequency transformer transfers the stored energy to the secondary side, at the moment, the rectifier diode D01 is conducted, the current in the L2 is charged to the C1, is transmitted to the anode of the storage battery from the 3 end through the current protector, flows out from the cathode of the storage battery, returns to the ground through the 4 end and returns to the L2 from the D01, and a positive pulse charging loop is formed. Meanwhile, the potential of L3 is high level through pins R25 to 6, and the pulse generator is locked and does not turn over. D8 Is an M16 pin voltage clamp diode. When the energy in B1 is discharged, the potential in L3 is quickly reduced, and when the potential of the M16 pin is reduced to be near zero, the pulse generator is turned over, so that the M18 pin outputs high level again, and the positive pulse charging conversion is periodically continued. And D3, C4, R3, ZD2, R4 and T2 form T1 collector peak voltage absorption and voltage clamping. When the voltage measured by the pin M13 through the R28 drops below 90V, the voltage comparator U1 turns off the driving pulse of the T1, so that the positive pulse flyback converter stops working, the charging stops, the pin M12 is low level, the T5 is cut off, the T6 is positively biased to 36V, the T6 is turned on, the power supply charges the C5 through the R5 and the T6, the auxiliary power supply is supplemented, and the power supply of the next charging period is maintained.

When the input alternating voltage is larger than 250V, the maximum value of the alternating current input overvoltage protection circuit is about 350V, the voltage drop generated on R16 after ZD5 is broken through is divided by R17 and R18 to bias T9 positively, T10 is also conducted after T9 is conducted to drive M16 pin to be high level, and the M1 pulse generator turns off T1 driving pulse to stop the converter to prevent T1 from being damaged due to overhigh input voltage. Meanwhile, T11 is also conducted, so that the current bias of the 5 pin is reduced, and the M1 pulse generator is in a soft start state when restarted after the AC voltage is reduced.

After the charging is started, the induced voltage generated by the charging converter L4 charges the C05 through the D05, the generated voltage is used for the fan, and meanwhile, the LED3 is reversely biased, so that the power supply indicates that the double-color light-emitting tube only emits red light, and the charging is started.

The working principle of the low-voltage side control circuit is that a voltage stabilizing power supply of the low-voltage side control circuit is formed by R03, C02, ZD02, T02 and C03 and is used for powering M2 and LED1-LED4 luminous tubes. The pin function of M2 is as follows: pin 1 is a nondestructive current detection pulse input end, a charging converter T1 grid driving pulse is transmitted to a G4 triode through R26 and G4 LEDs to enable the triode to be conducted, a group of pulse voltages similar to a T1 grid are obtained at pin M11, a direct current voltage which changes along with the magnitude of charging current is formed through an integrating network in the M2, and the direct current voltage is used as a negative pulse position setting and a charging current parameter of a charging control circuit; the 12 pins are charging/stopping charging identification signal input ends, identification signals output by the M12 pins are transmitted to a triode part of the charging/stopping charging identification signal through LEDs of R27 and G3, and a group of charging/stopping charging identification signals similar to the M12 pins are generated at the 12 pins of the M2, so that a negative pulse position setting circuit can determine the starting position of a negative pulse. The 2 pin is a temperature detection input end which is externally connected with a thermistor and an anti-interference filter capacitor, and temperature information obtained from the thermistor is transmitted to a charging current controller and a fan controller; the pin 3 is grounded; 4, outputting a fan control signal by a pin, and controlling the fan to rotate through T03; pin 5 is a negative pulse current feedback input and is connected with a T01 source resistor R01; the 6 pins are negative pulse driving output and are connected with T01 through R02, the negative pulse converter is also a flyback converter, when the 6 pins output high level, T01 is conducted, the electric energy in the storage battery is discharged through L01, T01 and R01, the electric energy is stored in a high-frequency transformer B, when the current is increased to a certain set value, namely the voltage of R01 is increased to a certain set value, M26 pins output low level, T01 is cut off, the electric energy stored in the high-frequency transformer is transferred to L1 and is charged to C3 through D1, a process of discharging negative pulses of the storage battery and feeding back to a power supply is formed, one negative pulse period is composed of a group of negative pulse groups, the opening and closing of the negative pulses are determined by a negative pulse position setting circuit according to a charging/stopping identification signal and a charging current parameter, when the large current is charged, the width is about 1 millisecond, and when the small current is charged, the width is about 0.2 millisecond; the 7 pins are charging voltage detection input ends and are connected with the output anode of the charger through R04, when the charging voltage is detected to reach about 55V, the charging detection circuit controls the LED of G2 to emit light through the 11 pins with smaller pulse width, the triode part is conducted, T11 is firstly controlled to conduct C7 and discharge through R23, the voltage of the M15 pin is reduced, the T1 driving pulse width is narrowed, the charging current is reduced, when the charging voltage continues to rise, the charging control circuit controls the LED of G2 through wider pulses, the potential of the M15 pin can be reduced more, and meanwhile, T10 is conducted to the intermittent high level of the M16 pin, so that the driving pulse number of the switching power supply is reduced, the charging current is reduced, and the purpose that the charging current is matched with the absorption current of the storage battery is achieved. When the charging current is reduced to about 3A and the charging amount reaches about 70%, the charging control circuit enables the LED1 to emit blue light through 9 pins, when the voltage rises to about 57V (at 20 ℃) and the charging current drops to about 0.35A, the charging control circuit switches the charging state into floating charging, the floating charging voltage is set to about 54V, and meanwhile, the negative pulse stops, and the charging control circuit enables the LED2 to emit red light through 10 pins to indicate that the electricity is fully charged; the pin 8 is connected with a voltage-stabilized power supply.

Load overcurrent, short circuit, nondestructive test and protection and charging overvoltage protection: l4, D06, C06 operate in a switching power supply forward conversion state, and the voltage of C06 is in direct proportion to the supply voltage and is generally set at about 30V (when the supply voltage is 220V). The charging output works in a flyback conversion state, the load characteristic is soft, when the load is increased, the output voltage is obviously reduced, when the load is normally charged, the output voltage is between 40V and 60V, the T04 works in a reverse bias state during normal charging, when the output voltage is reduced to be below 30V due to overcurrent, the electric energy on the C06 is conducted through D07, R012, G1, T04 and R08 to conduct the T04, when the LED of the G1 reaches a certain current, the triode is also conducted to conduct a high level for the 6 pins of the M1, the switching power supply is turned off, and the purpose of temporary protection is achieved. When the voltage of C06 is reduced to a certain value, the current of LED is reduced, the 6 pin of M1 is reduced to low level, the forward conversion starts to work again, the voltage of C6 is charged to about 30V after the moment, and the protection is continued by the circulation, thus finally achieving the purpose of overcurrent and open circuit protection.

The design of the charging overvoltage protection is that G1 in the overload protection circuit is added with elements such as R09, R010, R011, C07, Z03, K01 and the like to form a charging overvoltage protection short circuit. When the voltage of the storage battery is lower than about 59V, the voltage of R010 in the series circuit of Z03, R09 and R010 does not reach the trigger voltage of the controlled silicon K01, the controlled silicon is turned off, and the charging is normally carried out. If the charger voltage control circuit is damaged and the voltage of the storage battery is charged to be above 59V, the voltage on the R010 reaches the trigger voltage of the controllable silicon to enable the controllable silicon to be switched on, the current passes through the LED of R011 and G1 and the K01 and enables the K01 to be self-locked, at the moment, the triode part of the G1 is conducted, the 6-pin high level of the M1 is caused, the switching power supply stops working, and the charging is finished. Therefore, the purpose of protecting the charging overvoltage caused by the damage of the charging control circuit is achieved.

In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions or equivalent changes fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A positive and negative pulse charging method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the positive pulse transformation is directly carried out by adopting 100HZ pulsating direct current after 220V alternating current rectification, and the positive pulse transformation and the negative pulse transformation are completed in the same pulse transformer B; after the pulsating direct current voltage passes through a 0 point, when the voltage of a detection point A rises to 120V (n 180 degrees +23 degrees), a positive pulse conversion circuit starts to work, namely, the electric energy is subjected to back-striking conversion by a coil L1 in a pulse transformer B and a transistor T1, and then the pulse electric energy is subjected to charging on a storage battery by a coil L2 and a diode D01; the pulsating direct current voltage continuously rises to the maximum value (310V), and then when the pulsating direct current voltage falls back to 90V [ (n + 1) 180-17 DEG ], the positive pulse converter stops working; after the charging is stopped for a certain time, the negative pulse conversion circuit starts to work, namely, the electric energy of the storage battery is reversely converted by the coil L2, the diode D02 and the transistor T01 in the transformer B and then is charged to the energy storage capacitor C3 through the coil L1 and the diode D1, the negative pulse stops after lasting 0.2-1 mS, and when the next pulsating direct current voltage rises to 120V, the positive pulse conversion circuit starts to work again, and the periodic cycle is continued.

2. The positive-negative pulse charging method according to claim 1, wherein: the charging interval is n180 degrees +23 degrees to (n + 1) 180 degrees-17 degrees, and the charging stop zone is n180 degrees-17 degrees to n180 degrees +23 degrees.

3. The positive-negative pulse charging method according to claim 1, wherein: and when the next positive pulse is converted, the electric energy stored in the capacitor C3 and the pulsating direct current are subjected to positive pulse conversion together and then charge the storage battery.