CN101103902A - Ophthalmologic apparatus - Google Patents
Ophthalmologic apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101103902A CN101103902A CNA2007101125610A CN200710112561A CN101103902A CN 101103902 A CN101103902 A CN 101103902A CN A2007101125610 A CNA2007101125610 A CN A2007101125610A CN 200710112561 A CN200710112561 A CN 200710112561A CN 101103902 A CN101103902 A CN 101103902A
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- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/102—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for optical coherence tomography [OCT]
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Abstract
An ophthalmologic apparatus is disclosed. In one aspect, the apparatus includes ocular fundus photographing systems for forming an ocular fundus image of the examined eye, based on a reflective beam from the ocular fundus of the examined eye, and a light receiving element for receiving the reflective beam reflected at a reflective region of an illumination region illuminated on the ocular fundus. The apparatus further may include a tracking detector having a scanning unit for detecting a gaze direction of the tested eye, and an ocular fundus tracking controller for tracking the ocular fundus photographing system to the gaze direction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to have the direction of visual lines of being examined eye and the optical fundus tracking control section that makes Fundus photography system tracks direction of visual lines, can be with the Ophthalmoligic instrument at the bottom of the high-resolution photo eye.
Background technology
In existing common retinal camera, owing to examined the optical aberration that eye is had, the eye fundus image of being made a video recording produces and worsens, and existence can not obtain the undesirable condition of eye fundus image clearly with high magnification.
Therefore, propose recently a kind of mensuration examined the eye optical aberration, based on this using compensation optical system correction as a result examined the eye optical aberration, the shooting eye fundus image technology.Utilize this technology, can remove the influence of the optical aberration of being examined eye, compared with prior art can obtain powerful eye fundus image.
Yet, in existing Ophthalmoligic instrument,, when for example the high-resolution of visual cell level is finally photographed eye fundus image, exist consolidating of eyeball to look the problem of fine motion when with higher multiplying power.
That is, eyeball always continues to be called as the small movements of looking fine motion admittedly, because this looks fine motion admittedly, direction of visual lines always changes.Thereby, by the eye fundus image of being made a video recording vibration, produce rocking of eye fundus image, so especially the time, must remove the influence that this looks fine motion admittedly with the high-resolution photography eye fundus image of visual cell level.
Therefore, the rocking of the eye fundus image that causes for the skew of removing by direction of visual lines, known have the direction of visual lines of being examined eye, and according to the Ophthalmoligic instrument followed the tracks of of this testing result to the optical fundus, for example United States Patent (USP) the 5th, 943, No. 115 communiques.
In the disclosed technology of this patent documentation, in order on the optical fundus, to be examined the direction of visual lines of eye, utilize a pair of oscillating mirror on the optical fundus with the mode of describing circular trace, with the detection light beam projecting of the tiny area of points of proximity light source on the optical fundus, scan this optical fundus.Mensuration is used for the mensuration reflected light of light beam on the optical fundus of this projection scanning, is examined the direction of visual lines of eye.
That is, when the scanning area of the detection light beam on being projected in the optical fundus changes because of the variation of direction of visual lines, then because the reflectance difference on optical fundus follows the light amount signal of the folded light beam of the scanning that detects light beam to change.The disclosed technology of this patent documentation is conceived to this point, detects the direction of visual lines of eye according to the variable quantity of this reflection light quantity, and carries out tracking control to the optical fundus according to this testing result.
But, in the disclosed technology of this patent documentation, if will detect the direction of visual lines of eye, need the detection light beam projecting that to use as the line-of-sight detection of point-like tiny area on the optical fundus and make its enterprising line scanning, so only detect the reflected light of the detection light beam of this point-like condition that necessitates on the optical fundus.
Summary of the invention
First of Ophthalmoligic instrument of the present invention is characterised in that, be formed in the Ophthalmoligic instrument of the Fundus photography system on the camera head at the eye fundus image that has based on will be examined eye from the folded light beam on the optical fundus of being examined eye, have the tracking test section, this tracking test section has the photo detector of the light beam after a part of reflector space reflection in the field of illumination after the illumination of being received on the optical fundus and has in above-mentioned field of illumination scanning element with the above-mentioned reflector space of regulation track scanning; And the optical fundus tracking control section, utilize above-mentioned tracking test section examined the eye direction of visual lines and make the above-mentioned direction of visual lines of above-mentioned Fundus photography system tracks.
Second of Ophthalmoligic instrument of the present invention is characterised in that camera chain has the compensation optical system that is used to compensate the optical aberration of being examined eye at the bottom of the above-mentioned optical fundus.
The 3rd of Ophthalmoligic instrument of the present invention is characterised in that, above-mentioned Fundus photography system has the scanning system of two-dimensional scan from the folded light beam on above-mentioned optical fundus, and above-mentioned optical fundus tracking control section is controlled above-mentioned scanning system based on the scanning result of said detecting system.
The 4th of Ophthalmoligic instrument of the present invention is characterised in that, the illuminating bundle on the above-mentioned optical fundus that is used to photograph and to detect the detection light beam wavelength of the above-mentioned direction of visual lines of being examined eye different.
The 5th of Ophthalmoligic instrument of the present invention is characterised in that, at the Ophthalmoligic instrument on the optical fundus of being examined eye that is used for making a video recording, has the tracing object particular portion of the tracing object that is used for the object followed the tracks of in the specific conduct in above-mentioned optical fundus; Above-mentioned tracing object is shone the first irradiation portion of first illumination light; By accepting as above-mentioned tracing object being shone and, detecting the tracking test section of above-mentioned tracing object by first reflected light of the illumination light that above-mentioned tracing object reflected; Response is from the output of above-mentioned tracking test section, and drive division is controlled in the tracking that control is followed the tracks of; Be used for photography position selection portion at specific photography position, above-mentioned optical fundus; Utilize and follow the tracks of test section and above-mentioned tracking control drive division execution tracking, simultaneously above-mentioned optical fundus is shone the mat woven of fine bamboo strips two irradiation portions of second illumination light; Revise wave aberration correction portion as the second catoptrical wave aberration of the illumination light of above-mentioned optical fundus being shone and being reflected by above-mentioned photography position; And thereby above-mentioned second reflected light by above-mentioned wave aberration correction portion carried out the photograph high power camera at above-mentioned photography position of imaging.
The present invention has following effect:
According to the present invention, detection light beam that will the point-like tiny area is projected in especially on the optical fundus and makes detection light beam enterprising line scanning on the optical fundus of the tiny area of this projection.
In addition, according to the present invention, even the optical fundus illumination light of general wide scope also can accurately detect direction of visual lines, making at a high speed and at the bottom of high-precision tracking and the high-resolution photo eye becomes possibility.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the summary of expression Ophthalmoligic instrument of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the details drawing of the optical system of Ophthalmoligic instrument shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the key diagram on the modal representation optical fundus of being examined eye shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 4 is the key diagram that is used to illustrate the tracking control on the optical fundus of being examined eye shown in Figure 1, (a) be the index path of this Fundus photography of expression with the bias state of light beam and detection light beam, (b) be the figure of the state after expression is used this detection light beam and passed through the tracking lock tracing object, (c) being the figure that expression utilizes the state that the tracing object of this detections light beam is offset to the right, (d) is the figure of the state after the locking disengaging of the expression tracing object that utilizes this detection light beam.
Fig. 5 is the key diagram of locking principle that is used to illustrate the tracing object on optical fundus shown in Figure 4, (a) be the figure that expression utilizes the state that the detected object of this detection light beam is offset to the right, (b) being the figure that this detections light beam and the state by the tracking lock tracing object are used in expression, (c) is the figure that represents to utilize the tracing object of this detection light beam to be offset to the right, locks the state after the disengaging.
Fig. 6 is the figure of the modal representation Fundus photography image of being examined eye shown in Figure 1.
The specific embodiment
Below, with reference to the working of an invention mode of description of drawings Ophthalmoligic instrument of the present invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of the summary of statement Ophthalmoligic instrument of the present invention.The apparatus main body of this Ophthalmoligic instrument roughly comprises: the low power Fundus photography system 1 of observing the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E; The high power Fundus photography system 2 of the optical fundus Ef of eye is examined in photography; The optical fundus tracking control section 3 that makes high power Fundus photography system 2 follow the trail of the direction of visual lines of being examined an E; And the photography position selection portion 4 of selecting the photography position.
Fig. 2 is the details drawing of the optical system of Ophthalmoligic instrument shown in Figure 1.This optical system roughly comprises in the face of general object lens Ob, low power Fundus photography system 1, high power Fundus photography system 2, preceding eye viewing system 5 and the alignment detection system 6 of the front of being examined an E, looks target projection system 7, wave aberration update the system 8, optical fundus tracking control drive division 9 admittedly and follows the tracks of test section 10.
(preceding eye viewing system 5)
Preceding eye viewing system 5 has illumination and is examined preceding eye lighting source of the preceding eye of an E (omitting diagram) and preceding eye observation video camera Ca1.Observe between the video camera Ca1 at this preceding eye and preceding eye of being examined an E, being situated between has object lens Ob, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1, wavelength-selective mirror M2, M3 and completely reflecting mirror M4.
In the present embodiment, preceding eye illumination light is used the light of wavelength X=700nm.The light of semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1 half reflection, half transmitting all wavelengths λ.Wavelength-selective mirror M2 total transmissivity from more than wavelength X=700nm to the light of not enough 770nm, reflection from wavelength X=500nm to not enough 700nm and more than the wavelength 800nm to the light of not enough 1100nm.The light of the light of wavelength-selective mirror M3 half transmitting and half reflection wavelength X=770nm, total transmissivity wavelength X=700nm.
Before the eye illumination light after the preceding eye of being examined an E is reflected, through by object lens Ob optically focused and import semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1.Afterwards, to wavelength-selective mirror M2 deflection, transmission imports to completely reflecting mirror M4 by wavelength-selective mirror M2, M3 to preceding eye illumination light by this semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1.After this, eye was observed video camera Ca1 before preceding eye illumination light was imported to by this completely reflecting mirror M4, and the preceding eye of being examined an E is imaged on preceding eye and observes on the video camera Ca1.
Inspector (observer or cameraman) is observing the preceding eyes image that images on this preceding eye observation video camera Ca1 on one side on the monitoring image, by manual operation Ophthalmoligic instrument integral body moved on one side, carry out device integral body the summary of being examined an E is aimed at.
(alignment detection system 6)
Be situated between at semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1 and between perforated mirror M6 is arranged mutatis mutandis mirror M5.Be somebody's turn to do light to mutatis mutandis mirror M5 total reflection wavelength X=770nm, and following light and the above light of wavelength X=800nm of total transmissivity wavelength X=700nm.
At this, the XY aim detecting is used the LED of the light that sends wavelength X=770nm with light source Os2 with light source Os1, Z aim detecting.In addition, at this, XY alignment sensor Se1, Z alignment sensor Se2 use PSD (quasiconductor position detecting element).
Use up by to mutatis mutandis mirror M5 reflection with the XY aim detecting of light source Os1 from the XY aim detecting,,, import to the cornea C of being examined an E as collimated light beam via semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1, object lens Ob by the ho of hole portion of perforated mirror M6.On this cornea C, form the bright spot picture (virtual image) that the XY aim detecting is used up by corneal reflex.
Used up half reflection by the XY aim detecting after this cornea C reflection, import to wavelength-selective mirror M2, and total transmissivity imports to wavelength-selective mirror M3 by this wavelength-selective mirror M2 by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1.The part that this wavelength-selective mirror M3 uses up this XY aim detecting is to XY alignment sensor Se1 reflection, with the remainder transmission to completely reflecting mirror M4.
XY alignment sensor Se1 is based on the position that is formed on the bright spot picture on the cornea C of being examined an E, the preceding eye that an E is examined in detection with vertical of the optical axis O1 of object lens Ob in the XY direction of relative apparatus main body (at this, be subjected to an inspection eye E that above-below direction is defined as the Y direction relatively, left and right directions be defined as directions X) the position skew.
Use up from incline direction with the Z aim detecting of light source Os2 from the Z aim detecting and to project on the cornea C of being examined an E.The bright spot picture (virtual image) that the corneal reflex that formation is used up by the Z aim detecting on this cornea C causes.The Z aim detecting is used up by the cornea C adipping and is reflected, import to Z alignment sensor Se2, Z alignment sensor Se2 is examined the position skew of a Z-direction of the relative apparatus main body of E (optical axis direction of object lens Ob) based on the position that is formed on the bright spot picture on the cornea C.
This alignment detection system 6 is used for apparatus main body and carries out accurate automatically the aligning to being subjected to an inspection eye E after by preceding eye viewing system 5 end apparatus main bodies the summary of being examined an E being aimed at.
In addition, about the alignment principles of this alignment detection system 6, owing to be well-known, so omit detailed explanation.
(low power Fundus photography system 1)
Low power Fundus photography system 1 comprises that low power is observed usefulness lighting source (for example Halogen light) Os3, wavelength-selective mirror M7, low power is photographed with diopter correction lens L1, wavelength-selective mirror M8, completely reflecting mirror M9 and low power camera (monochrome camera) Ca2.
The low power photography by moving forward and backward along optical axis O1, can be used for revising eye, the refraction anomaly of ball with diopter correction lens L1.
Wavelength-selective mirror (dichroic mirror) M7 has the characteristic of the light of the above light of total transmissivity wavelength X=800nm, total reflection wavelength X=500nm～700nm.This wavelength-selective mirror M7 is common to the high power photography with on the lighting source Os4.The light that wavelength-selective mirror M8 total reflection wavelength X=800nm is following, and the above light of total transmissivity wavelength X=800nm.
The light of the infrared ray composition more than wavelength X=860nm is used in the low power photography with illumination light.The light total transmissivity of this infrared ray composition imports to perforated mirror M6 by wavelength-selective mirror M7, is reflected to semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1 by this perforated mirror M6.Have, this light by after the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1, by optically focused, imports to the optical fundus Ef that examined E as cyclic illuminating bundle by object lens Ob in transmission again, and the optical fundus Ef of an E is examined in illumination.
,, photographed with diopter correction lens L1 by object lens Ob optically focused by the illumination light after the optical fundus Ef reflection via mutatis mutandis mirror M5 being imported to low power by the ho of hole portion of semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1, perforated mirror M6.After the refraction anomaly of eyeball is revised with diopter correction lens L1 with this low power photography, the illumination light transmission imports to completely reflecting mirror M9 by wavelength-selective mirror M8, to low power camera Ca2 deflection, the eye fundus image of low power is imaged on the low power camera Ca2 by this completely reflecting mirror M9.
This low power Fundus photography system 1 is the optical system that is equivalent to existing retinal camera, is used for observing optical fundus Ef with the visual field of broadness, and is used for determining the photography position when high magnification is photographed.
(admittedly looking target projection system 7)
Admittedly looking target projection system 7 roughly comprises and looks light source Os5 and wavelength-selective mirror M8 admittedly.Admittedly look the LED that light source Os5 uses the light that sends wavelength X=560nm.From this consolidating of looking admittedly light source Os5 sends look target light by wavelength-selective mirror M8 to the low power photography with diopter correction lens L1 deflection, via the low power photography with diopter correction lens L1, the ho of hole portion, the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1 of mutatis mutandis mirror M5, perforated mirror M6 imported to object lens Ob.Form on the Ef of optical fundus by these object lens Ob and to look the target light source image admittedly.The person under inspection watches this attentively and looks target admittedly.Admittedly look target projection system 7 by this, the direction of visual lines of an E is examined in decision.
This is looked light source Os5 admittedly and can move in the vertical plane of optical axis O2.Admittedly look the direction of visual lines that an E is examined in light source Os5 change by moving this, can use low power Fundus photography system 1, high power Fundus photography system 2 to observe positions, desirable optical fundus.
(wave aberration update the system 8)
Wave aberration update the system (compensation optical system) 8 roughly comprises optical projection system and receiving system.
Optical projection system comprises that roughly wavefront sensor revises with variable crossed cylinders Vcc, wavelength-selective mirror M13, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, directions X tracking lens XTM1, wavelength-selective mirror M14, completely reflecting mirror M15, wavelength-selective mirror M16 and high power and photograph with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion with light source Os6, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M10, completely reflecting mirror M11, wavelength-selective mirror M12, wave surface the compensating element deformable mirror of reflecting mirror (for example as) M12 ', astigmatism.A part of optical element of this wave aberration update the system 8 is configured in the light path of high power Fundus photography system 2 and is the optical element of high power Fundus photography system 2 by shared.
Wavefront sensor is used for the optical projection of wavelength X=830nm is being examined the optical fundus Ef of an E with light source Os6.Semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M10 has half transmitting, half reflection characteristic.Wavelength-selective mirror M12 has the above light of total transmissivity wavelength X=800nm, and the total reflection wavelength is less than the characteristic of the light of 800nm.
Astigmatism is revised with variable crossed cylinders Vcc and is played the effect of revising spherical degree, the cylinder number of degrees, shaft angle degree.Wavelength-selective mirror M13 has the above light of total transmissivity wavelength X=860nm, and the total reflection wavelength is less than the characteristic of the light of 860nm.
Wavelength-selective mirror M14 has the above light of total transmissivity wavelength X=860nm, and the total reflection wavelength is less than the characteristic of the light of 860nm.Wavelength-selective mirror M16 also has the above light of total transmissivity wavelength X=860nm, and the total reflection wavelength is less than the characteristic of the light of 860nm.
The light of the wavelength X=830nm that penetrates with light source Os6 from wavefront sensor is by semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M10 reflection and import to completely reflecting mirror M11, reflects to wavelength-selective mirror M12.By after this wavelength-selective mirror M12, the light of wavelength X=830nm imports to wavelength-selective mirror M13 via wave surface compensating element M12 ', astigmatism correction with variable crossed cylinders Vcc in transmission.
The light of wavelength X=830nm imports to wavelength-selective mirror M14 by this wavelength revolving mirror M1 3 reflections via Y direction tracking lens YTM1, directions X tracking lens XTM1.After this, the light of wavelength X=830nm is by this wavelength-selective mirror M14 reflection and import to completely reflecting mirror M15, and M15 imports to wavelength-selective mirror M16 by this completely reflecting mirror.
Subsequently, the light of wavelength X=830nm imports to object lens Ob via the high power photography with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion, wavelength-selective mirror M2, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1 by this wavelength-selective mirror M16 reflection.Point source image is projected on the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E via these object lens Ob.
Receiving system comprises roughly that semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M10, completely reflecting mirror M11, wavelength-selective mirror M12, wave surface compensating element (deformable mirror) M12 ', astigmatism are revised with variable crossed cylinders Vcc, wavelength and selects sharp M13, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, directions X tracking lens XTM1, wavelength-selective mirror M14, completely reflecting mirror M15, wavelength-selective mirror M16 and high power to photograph with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion, wavefront sensor Se3.
Wavefront sensor Se3 comprises Hartmann diaphragm with the opening that is made of a plurality of holes and the light accepting part that detects the in-position of each light beam that sees through these a plurality of holes.This wavefront sensor Se3 detects wave aberration based on the in-position of the light beam on the light accepting part.This wavefront sensor Se3 is a known sensor.
The opposite light path of reflected light process from optical fundus Ef, promptly revise with variable crossed cylinders Vcc, wave surface compensating element M12 ', wavelength-selective mirror M12, completely reflecting mirror M11 with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion, wavelength-selective mirror M16, completely reflecting mirror M15, wavelength-selective mirror M14, directions X tracking lens XTM1, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, wavelength-selective mirror M13, astigmatism along object lens Ob, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1, wavelength-selective mirror M2, high power photography, import to semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M10, and transmission imports to wavefront sensor Se3 by this semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M10.
In aforesaid wave aberration, comprise by being examined the aberration that an E causes.The aberration amount of utilizing wavefront sensor Se3 to measure is come control wave front compensating element M12 ', and its reflector shape is changed.Thus, carry out the correction of wave aberration, the optical aberration of an E is examined in compensation.
The optical fundus device of prior art though the size for example of can photographing is the cell about 5 microns, uses the optical fundus device of the present patent application of wave surface compensating element M12 ', and the size of can photographing is the cell about 2 microns.
In addition, because its correction is limited when utilizing wave surface compensating element M12 ' correction wave aberration, institute and then regulates optical path length from wavefront sensor Se3 to the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E so that high power photography is moved to arrow F-F direction with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion.Thus, can revise most spherical degree composition in the refraction anomaly of being examined an E (hypermetropia, near-sighted composition).
And, constitute relative angle and the whole angle of astigmatism correction by rotation adjustment with a pair of cylindrical lens of variable crossed cylinders Vcc, can revise most astigmatic composition in the refraction anomaly of being examined an E.
In the aberration that causes by the refraction anomaly of eyeball, can not revise the high order aberration of eliminating fully with variable crossed cylinders Vcc with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion, astigmatism with the high power photography, can utilize wave surface compensating element M12 ' to revise.Owing to utilize the wave aberration update the system 8 that comprises this wave surface compensating element M12 ' can remove chromatic aberration and distortion aberration all aberrations in addition, so can obtain high magnification and distinct image.
Directions X tracking lens XTM1, Y direction tracking lens YTM1 constitute the part that control drive division 9 is followed the tracks of on the optical fundus.
(high power Fundus photography system 2)
High power Fundus photography system 2 roughly comprises illuminator and imaging system.Illuminator comprises high power photography lighting source Os4 and wavelength-selective mirror M7.
In the light path of imaging system, comprise wave aberration update the system 8 and the optical fundus tracking control drive division 9 narrated.This imaging system comprises that roughly high power camera Ca3 as camera head, imaging len L2, wavelength-selective mirror M12, wave surface compensating element (deformable mirror) M12 ', astigmatism revise with variable crossed cylinders Vcc, wavelength-selective mirror M13, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, directions X tracking lens XTM1, wavelength-selective mirror M14, completely reflecting mirror M15, wavelength-selective mirror M16 and high power and photograph with the diopter correction mirror M1 of portion 7.High power camera Ca3 uses colourful CCD video camera.
The high power photography is for example used xenon lamp with lighting source Os4.To use as the illumination light of high power photography usefulness from the light of the wavelength X=500nm in the light of xenon lamp～700nm.By wavelength-selective mirror M17 total reflection, import to perforated mirror M6 from the illumination light of the wavelength X=500nm～700nm of xenon lamp.Illumination light via semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1, object lens Ob, is imported to the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E by this perforated mirror M6 deflection as cyclic illuminating bundle.
By object lens Ob optically focused, import to semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1 from the indirect illumination light of optical fundus Ef, reflect to wavelength-selective mirror M2.Import to the illumination light of wavelength-selective mirror M2, be directed to the high power photography again and revise with variable crossed cylinders Vcc, wave surface compensating element M12 ', wavelength-selective mirror M12 with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion, wavelength-selective mirror M16, completely reflecting mirror M15, wavelength-selective mirror M14, directions X tracking lens XTM1, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, wavelength-selective mirror M13, astigmatism.After this, illumination light is totally reflected to imaging len L2 by this wavelength-selective mirror M12.This imaging len L2 utilizes the convertible multiplying power of electrodynamic transducer.Illumination reflected light from optical fundus Ef utilizes this imaging len L2 to image on the shooting face of high power camera Ca3.
(control drive division 9 is followed the tracks of on the optical fundus)
Control drive division 9 is followed the tracks of on a part and tracking test section 10 shared optical fundus, be used to detect the direction of visual lines of an E, make the photography direction of high power Fundus photography system 2 follow the trail of the direction of visual lines of being examined an E, adjust the photography visual field of high power Fundus photography system 2, be located on the certain position of optical fundus Ef.
Follow the tracks of control drive division 9 by using this optical fundus, can not be subjected to being examined the influence that consolidating of an E looks fine motion, on high power camera Ca3, form always immobilized eye fundus image, the eye fundus image clearly that in the high-resolution observation of visual cell level, photography, also can not rocked.
Follow the tracks of test section 10 and have line-of-sight detection light source Os7, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M18, directions X scanning mirror XTM2, Y scanning direction mirror YTM2, line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19, pinhole plate Pi and line-of-sight detection pick off (photo detector) Se4.
Pinhole plate Pi is located near the front of line-of-sight detection with pick off Se4, as tracing object particular portion of the present invention.Line-of-sight detection is used the LED of the near infrared light that sends wavelength X=945nm with light source Os7.This near infrared light can not be used for photography.
The near infrared light that sends with light source Os7 from line-of-sight detection arrives Y scanning direction mirror YTM2 after passing through semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M18, be deflected to directions X scanning mirror XTM2, and this directions X scanning mirror XTM2 deflects into wavelength-selective mirror M13 again.
The near infrared light of this wavelength X=945nm imports to wavelength-selective mirror M14 via Y direction tracking lens YTM1, directions X tracking lens XTM1 after full impregnated is crossed wavelength-selective mirror M13.
Then, the near infrared light of wavelength X=945nm is after wavelength-selective mirror M14 is passed through in transmission, be directed to line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19, near infrared light deflects into wavelength-selective mirror M16 by this line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19, after total transmissivity passes through this wavelength-selective mirror M16,, be projected on the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion, wavelength-selective mirror M2, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1, object lens Ob via the high power photography.
In addition, can throw light in the wide scope desirable position of optical fundus Ef of the light beam that sends with light source Os7 from line-of-sight detection gets final product.That is, can the throw light on scanning that can cover direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 is subjected to the scope of optical fundus Ef of size of optical range just enough.
That is to say, also can use optical texture, the wide scope of throwing light in the common employed fundus illumination system of retinal camera.
Pinhole plate Pi be arranged on optical fundus Ef conjugate position on.Can use for example photodiode among the direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4.Wavelength-selective mirror M16 is used to separate the light path of photography of high power Fundus photography system 2 and the detection light path that direction of visual lines detects axle.
In addition, except photodiode (comprising PIN photodiode), also suitably use the parts of high sensitivity such as APD (Avalanche Photo Diode, avalanche photodide), photomultiplier tube as direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 as required.
Line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19 is used for the detection axle of mobile direction of visual lines.This line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19 is arranged on outside the Fundus photography light path, and direction of visual lines detects within the light path of following the tracks of test section 10.
That is,, then can select position, optical fundus arbitrarily as tracing object if line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19 is carried out two dimension (directions X, Y direction).
Utilize wavelength-selective mirror M14 and wavelength-selective mirror M16, line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19 only is offset the near infrared light of wavelength X=945nm, the detection axle of direction of visual lines is moved, and the camera axis on optical fundus is not constituted any influence.
Directions X scanning mirror XTM2 and Y scanning direction mirror YTM2 are used for scanning on the optical fundus and the conjugated pin hole of the pin hole of pinhole plate Pi corresponding region (reflector space).On the optical fundus, move the pin hole corresponding region, it is scanned with oval-shaped track.Comprise circle in the oval-shaped notion here.This pin hole corresponding region (reflector space) is exactly that direction of visual lines detects the visual field.
For example, make the swaying direction mutually orthogonal of directions X scanning mirror XTM2, Y scanning direction mirror YTM2,, then can carry out circular scanning when with same frequency, amplitude and when giving two mirrors of phase contrasts swings of 90 degree.
As the tracing object in this direction of visual lines detection visual field, the object of circular gets final product, and the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion, macula lutea central pit shown in Figure 3 are arranged typically.The cross point, the white point on the optical fundus, the glass-film wart that also have blood vessel as the example of tracing object.
As photography target, can exemplify the cell on the optical fundus that should observe.When photographing, selecting the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion (number millimeter) sometimes in the cell (several microns) on optical fundus as tracing object as photography target.
From represent with solid line among Fig. 4 (a), from the light of wavelength X=945nm of the pin hole corresponding region Pi ' of optical fundus Ef, import to pinhole plate Pi with the diopter correction mirror M17 of portion, wavelength-selective mirror M16, line-of-sight detection with optical axis biasing mirror M19, directions X tracking lens XTM1, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, wavelength-selective mirror M13, directions X scanning mirror XTM2, Y scanning direction mirror YTM2, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M18 via object lens Ob, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens M1, wavelength-selective mirror M2, high power photography.Be subjected to light by the light behind the pin hole of this pinhole plate Pi by direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4.
Tracing object when PF represents to check cell.As tracing object, for example can select the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion.The size of the FNP of this papilla of optic nerve portion is the number millimeter.
Scanning is carried out along the edge part FNP ' as the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion of tracing object.Make its adjustment, undertaken by the tilt adjustments of line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19 along this edge part FNP '.
For example, shown in Fig. 4 (b), tracing object be the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion and than the optical fundus area part FNP beyond the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion " Ming Liang occasion also; at the edge part FNP ' of the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion; when the circular-arc track of being described with pin hole corresponding region Pi ' as detected object is consistent, direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 is exported by light to change hardly in scanning.
Relative therewith, shown in Fig. 4 (c), with respect to the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion, the occasion that the circular-arc track that pin hole corresponding region Pi ' is described for example is offset to right, because the major part of pin hole corresponding region Pi ' overlaps on the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion, the cycle that is subjected to light output of direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 on average exports hardly and changes.But in the time of when pin hole corresponding region Pi ' is positioned at the right side and on the left of being positioned at, direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 is subjected to light output different.
In addition, shown in Fig. 4 (d), the track while scan of pin hole corresponding region Pi ' is positioned at the optical fundus area part FNP outside the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion " time; the cycle that is subjected to light output of direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 on average exports; the cycle that is subjected to light output of the direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 when the circular-arc track of describing with edge part FNP ' and the pin hole corresponding region Pi ' of the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion is consistent on average exports and compares decline to some extent.
The light output that is subjected to of direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 is imported into the aftermentioned treatment circuit.Treatment circuit for example drives adjusts directions X tracking lens XTM1, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, so that equate in the average output of direction up and down.
For example shown in Fig. 4 (b), locked as the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion of tracing object, carry out tracking to optical fundus Ef.For example, the occasion of following the tracks of at left and right directions, treatment circuit drives adjusts directions X tracking lens XTM1, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, so that relatively the average output of the average output of the direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 that consolidates the amplitude center of looking fine motion, obtains with the half side track while scan in a left side on optical fundus and the direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 that obtains with the half side track while scan in the right side is equal, thereby carry out tracking adjustment to optical fundus Ef.About the detailed content of this control, the explanation that concerns signal processing as control is in the back narration.
At this, be illustrated as tracing object with the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion, and tracing object for as the macula lutea central pit than optical fundus area part FNP " also dark occasion, with dark part on average be output as benchmark, carry out the tracking processing and getting final product.In a word, tracing object is for getting final product at the object that can carry out the identification of light and shade between it and its in addition part.
In addition,, be that ellipse is illustrated with the track while scan of relative tracing object, but be not limited thereto, for example also can use square track while scan, triangle scan track at this.
Like this, the light that is subjected to of the direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 that the track while scan of being described on the Ef of optical fundus according to corresponding pin hole corresponding region Pi ' changes is exported, and is examined the direction of visual lines of an E.By based on this testing result control directions X tracking lens XTM1, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, can make the photography position tracking in the high power Fundus photography look fine motion admittedly.
In a word, as photography target, select near the special object of this photography target then undersized specific part as tracing object.In this occasion, when the size of photography target hour, need carry out the high power photography, this moment, the optical system of human eye was considered to not be a perfect system, wave surface compensating element M12 ' need be inserted in the light path.
By such formation, select the occasion of cell as photography target, can examine the state of knowing this cell, for example, whether ill or ill now probability.
In addition, at this different situation of optical fundus illumination light wavelength that light wavelength of following the tracks of test section 10 and low power Fundus photography are used has been described, but also can have made the structure that the reflected light that uses the optical fundus illumination light that the low power Fundus photography uses carries out the detection of direction of visual lines.In this occasion, line-of-sight detection light source Os7 needn't be set specially.
(control concerns signal processing)
Control circuit carries out the signal processing shown in Fig. 5 pattern.In addition, for convenience of explanation, the photoelectric current that is subjected to that omits direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 is converted to the I-V change-over circuit of voltage, the amplifying circuit of adjustment signal level.
This control circuit has locking detecting circuit LIX, LIY, low pass circuit Lo.Shown in Fig. 5 (a)～Fig. 5 (c), pin hole corresponding region Pi ' scans tracing object with the phase places that differ 90 degree in directions X and Y direction, same frequency.
Directions X tracking lens XTM1 scans with sine curve, and Y direction tracking lens YTM1 scans with cosine curve.Sinusoidal signal is input to locking detecting circuit LIX, and the signal of cosine curve is input to locking detecting circuit LIY.
Be imported into this locking detecting circuit LIX, LIY after the detection output of direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 and the scan-synchronized.The detection output of direction of visual lines detecting sensor Se4 is imported into low pass circuit Lo.Locking detecting circuit Lo carries out detection and output to the directions X composition.Locking detecting circuit LIY carries out detection and output to Y direction composition.
Each output that locks detecting circuit LIX, LIY, low pass filter Lo is imported into average circuit AVX, AVY, AVP.Average circuit AVX is used to detect the displacement Δ X of directions X.Average circuit AVY is used to detect the displacement Δ Y of Y direction.Average circuit AVP is used to detect average output V.
Shown in Fig. 5 (a), when the track while scan of pin hole corresponding region Pi ' was positioned at the right side, the poor Δ X of the horizontal Lf of X composition relative datum was bigger than the poor Δ Y of the horizontal Lf of Y composition relative datum, on average exported the horizontal Lf ' of V relative datum and was suitable value.
Shown in Fig. 5 (b), if the track while scan of pin hole corresponding region Pi ' is consistent with tracing object FNP, then the poor Δ Y of the poor Δ X of the horizontal Lf of X composition relative datum, the horizontal Lf of Y composition relative datum diminishes, and on average exports V and becomes big.On average output V becomes echo signal.
Shown in Fig. 5 (c), if the track while scan of pin hole corresponding region Pi ' is positioned at outside the tracing object FNP, then the poor Δ Y of the poor Δ X of the horizontal Lf of X composition relative datum, the horizontal Lf of Y composition relative datum diminishes, and on average exports V and also diminish.
The output of this locking detecting circuit LIX, LIY, low pass filter Lo is imported into omits illustrated directions X tracking lens drive circuit, Y direction tracking lens drive circuit.Drive directions X tracking lens XTM1, Y direction tracking lens YTM1, make the poor Δ X of the horizontal Lf of X composition relative datum, the poor Δ Y of the horizontal Lf of Y composition relative datum all diminish, and echo signal is arranged is more than the value of predesignating.Thus, constitute tracking servo.
Because the light path of high power Fundus photography system 2 is looked fine motion also via same directions X tracking lens XTM1, YTM1 so camera coverage is followed consolidating of eyeball, always is fixed on a fixed position.
In addition, will be used for light beam that Fig. 4 (a) uses with the line-of-sight detection shown in the solid line and setover, so the desirable photography position PF at the bottom of can photo eye with the folded light beam that solid line is represented from the position PF that photographs by following the tracks of test section 10.
(operating procedure)
The inspector selects the photography multiplying power of high power Fundus photography system 2 according to purpose, and based on the mensuration information of being examined an E of prior acquisition, sets astigmatic correction and correction direction in the astigmatism correction on variable crossed cylinders Vcc.
Person under inspection's face is placed on omits on the illustrated chin rest, forehead is leaned against on the forehead pad, fixing person under inspection's face, the position of apparatus main body will be located by an inspection E roughly will relatively.
The inspector is in front of apparatus main body moves to, and eye before observing by preceding eye viewing system 5 pupil of being examined an E and the optical axis O1 of apparatus main body are carried out roughly para-position by the hand-operating device main body.Then, make apparatus main body along optical axis O1 to being subjected to an inspection eye side shifting.By this manual adjustment, if examined the aligning scope that the position of an E enters regulation, then alignment detection system 6 is worked automatically, with respect to being subjected to inspection eye E alignment device main body.
If the optical axis O1 of apparatus main body is with respect to after accurately being aimed at by inspection eye E, then the person under inspection can confirm that the consolidating of inside of apparatus main body looks light source Os5 with eye.Watch attentively by the person under inspection and to look light source Os5 admittedly, fixedly examined the direction of visual lines of an E.
The inspector operates low power and photographs with diopter correction lens L1, and Ef focuses on to the optical fundus.The high power Fundus photography moves to the position that roughly focuses on diopter correction mirror M17 of portion and low power photography diopter correction lens L1 interlock.
The inspector observes eye fundus image Ef ' with the monitoring image of low power camera chain 1.As shown in Figure 6, on the eye fundus image Ef ' that observes with this low power camera chain, show the rectangle marked RM that represents with the photography position of high power Fundus photography system 2 photographies.The inspector can confirm the photography position with 2 photographies of high power Fundus photography system by confirming this rectangle marked RM with eye.
When the photography position with high power Fundus photography system 2 photography was not desirable position, the inspector made and looks light source Os5 admittedly and move, and person under inspection's direction of visual lines is changed, and adjusted desirable photography position and be positioned on the rectangle marked RM.This occasion is owing to the position of corneal reflex image and the position relation examined between the pupil of an E follow the change of this direction of visual lines to change, so alignment optical system 6 is revised this positions relation.In addition, omit in the illustrated preservation unit, thereby can confirm to be positioned at which position on the Ef of optical fundus in the back with the photography position that high power Fundus photography system 2 photographs by being kept at the observed eye fundus image storage of low power Fundus photography system 1.
In addition, use low power Fundus photography system 1 also can observe the view field of the line-of-sight detection of autotracking test section 10 with the light beam of light source Os7.
If two dimension is adjusted line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19 obliquely, then the tracking position of optical fundus Ef can be offset on the desirable position.
In addition, the present invention can be by observing from line-of-sight detection with the projected position of the light beam of light source Os7, the adjustment of setovering.The shift position of the line-of-sight detection optical axis that decides by the angle of inclination that makes line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19, it is superimposed upon eye fundus image Ef ' goes up and show, then based on this demonstration adjustment of also can setovering.In addition, also can be by eye fundus image Ef ' be carried out image analysis, adjust control line-of-sight detection optical axis biasing mirror M19 the angle of inclination so that the line-of-sight detection optical axis overlap with the desirable position of the FNP of papilla of optic nerve portion.
Utilizing after 2 pairs of high power Fundus photography systems photography position, tracing object position set and adjust, correction, optical fundus that the gauge tap (omit diagram) of Ophthalmologic photographing apparatus by high power Fundus photography system 2 carries out wave aberration update the system 8 are followed the tracks of and are controlled.
In high power Fundus photography system 2,, can obtain having revised the image of the level of visual cell clearly of being examined an E of high order aberration by the aberration correction of wave aberration update the system 8.And, by the tracking control of optical fundus Ef,, can obtain and the eye fundus image of looking the visual cell level that fine motion is irrelevant, nothing is rocked admittedly.
In addition, the diopter correction of high power Fundus photography system 2 also can be set to the inspector and utilize the illustrated diopter correcting device of omission, and the focusing surface of following relatively automatically carries out the setting device of the biasing adjustment of small quantity.The setting device that usefulness is adjusted in this biasing is used in the occasion that setting high power Fundus photography system 2 photographs to certain part of optical fundus structure on the depth direction of its depth of field.
Then, when the inspector pushed the photography switch, then control circuit monitored each state of optical system.For example,, then make the high power photography luminous, carry out the photography of high power Fundus photography system 2 with lighting source Os4 if abnormal conditions such as disengaging are followed the tracks of in generation.
Photographed data for example is recorded on the film, or makes archives as electronic image.At this moment, also simultaneously chronophotography which of right and left eyes, the diopter of right and left eyes, astigmatism axle revise with variable crossed cylinders Vcc, wave surface compensating element M12 ', the photograph amount of bias at multiplying power, tracing object and photography position, the image of low power Fundus photography system 1.
In addition, as additional function, in order to replenish the depth of focus of very shallow high power Fundus photography system 2, the triggering (trigger) of the operation by utilizing shot switch, the perhaps triggering of the operation by utilizing the switch of repeatedly photographing, with the stepping of the depth of focus degree of high power Fundus photography system 2, the image of the focus before and after the photography during this high power photography of skew.
If when carrying out this so-called focusing encirclement (Focus Bracketing) photography,, also can obtain good eye fundus image Ef ' even when photography has some concavo-convex optical fundus.
Claims (17)
1. Ophthalmoligic instrument, it has based on the Fundus photography system that is formed at from the folded light beam on the optical fundus of being examined eye, the eye fundus image that will be examined eye on the camera head, it is characterized in that having:
Follow the tracks of test section, this trackings test section has the photo detector of a part of reflector space institute beam reflected in the field of illumination that is received in after throwing light on the optical fundus and has in above-mentioned field of illumination scanning element with the above-mentioned reflector space of regulation track scanning; And
The optical fundus tracking control section, utilize above-mentioned tracking test section examined the eye direction of visual lines and make the above-mentioned direction of visual lines of above-mentioned Fundus photography system tracks.
2. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned Fundus photography system has the compensation optical system that is used to compensate the optical aberration of being examined eye.
3. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned Fundus photography system has the scanning system of two-dimensional scan from the folded light beam on above-mentioned optical fundus, and above-mentioned optical fundus tracking control section is controlled above-mentioned scanning system based on the scanning result of above-mentioned tracking test section.
4. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Be used to photograph above-mentioned optical fundus illuminating bundle and to detect the detection light beam wavelength of the above-mentioned direction of visual lines of being examined eye different.
5. an Ophthalmoligic instrument is used to make a video recording and is examined the optical fundus of eye, it is characterized in that having:
Be used for tracing object particular portion at above-mentioned optical fundus specific tracking object;
Above-mentioned tracing object is shone the first irradiation portion of first illumination light;
By receiving first reflected light that above-mentioned tracing object reflects, detect the tracking test section of above-mentioned tracing object;
Response is from the output of above-mentioned tracking test section, and drive division is controlled in the tracking that control is followed the tracks of;
Be used for selecting the photography position selection portion at photography position on above-mentioned optical fundus;
Utilize and follow the tracks of test section and above-mentioned tracking control drive division execution tracking, simultaneously above-mentioned optical fundus is shone the second irradiation portion of second illumination light;
The wave aberration correction portion of the second catoptrical wave aberration that correction is shone above-mentioned optical fundus and reflected by above-mentioned photography position; And
Thereby above-mentioned second reflected light that has passed through above-mentioned wave aberration correction portion is carried out the photograph high power camera at above-mentioned photography position of imaging.
6. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned tracing object particular portion has the biasing mirror of two dimension inclination and any specific tracing object.
7. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
The above-mentioned first irradiation portion is the LED that sends near infrared light.
8. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned tracking test section has photo detector.
9. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 8 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned photo detector is any in photodiode, APD or the photomultiplier tube.
10. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned tracking control drive division has directions X tracking lens and Y direction tracking lens.
11. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
The above-mentioned second irradiation portion is the xenon lamp that sends visible light.
12. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 11 is characterized in that,
The wavelength of visible light λ that above-mentioned xenon lamp sends=500nm～700nm.
13. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned wave aberration correction portion has the wave surface compensating element of revising high order aberration.
14. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 13 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned wave surface compensating element is the deformable mirror as reflecting mirror.
15. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned photography position is a cell.
16. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned tracing object is any in cross point, the white point on the optical fundus or the glass-film wart of papilla of optic nerve portion, macula lutea central pit, blood vessel.
17. Ophthalmoligic instrument according to claim 5 is characterized in that,
Above-mentioned high power camera is a colourful CCD video camera.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006172768A JP4822331B2 (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2006-06-22 | Ophthalmic equipment |
| JP2006172768 | 2006-06-22 |
Publications (2)
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|---|---|
| CN101103902A true CN101103902A (en) | 2008-01-16 |
| CN100589753C CN100589753C (en) | 2010-02-17 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200710112561A Expired - Fee Related CN100589753C (en) | 2006-06-22 | 2007-06-21 | Ophthalmologic apparatus |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7533990B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1870024B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP4822331B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100589753C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE502565T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE602007013313D1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1870024A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
| EP1870024B1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
| CN100589753C (en) | 2010-02-17 |
| US7533990B2 (en) | 2009-05-19 |
| JP4822331B2 (en) | 2011-11-24 |
| DE602007013313D1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
| ATE502565T1 (en) | 2011-04-15 |
| JP2008000342A (en) | 2008-01-10 |
| US20080002151A1 (en) | 2008-01-03 |
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