CN101091900A - Solar energy photocatalytic reactor based on condenser of composite paraboloid - Google Patents
Solar energy photocatalytic reactor based on condenser of composite paraboloid Download PDFInfo
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- CN101091900A CN101091900A CN 200710017687 CN200710017687A CN101091900A CN 101091900 A CN101091900 A CN 101091900A CN 200710017687 CN200710017687 CN 200710017687 CN 200710017687 A CN200710017687 A CN 200710017687A CN 101091900 A CN101091900 A CN 101091900A
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Abstract
The invention publishes a solar energy photochemical catalysis reactor which bases on the compound parabolic condenser. At least a compound parabolic condenser is fixed through the bearing on the cant of the equipment. The glisten surfaces of the each compound parabolic condenser connect with the adjustment screw rod, a tubular reactor installs on the center of the compound parabolic condenser, and each tubular reactor connects together through the PVC tube. Through the coupling of the parabolic condenser and the tubular reactor to realize the solar optical fiber effective accumulation and use, the photocatalyst powder and the peroxide solution recycling move in the reactor internal, the catalyst accepts the light and catalysis when passes through the tubular reactor. The invention has simple operation,and may carry on each kind of photochemical catalysis reaction directly using the sunlight, the quantity of the compound parabolic condenser and tubular reactor may fluctuates by the design requirements, therefore the equipment may apply in each kind of different active photocatalyst.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar energy development and utilize the field, relate to the light-catalyzed reaction under the direct solar illuminating.Be particularly related to a kind of solar energy photocatalytic reactor based on compound parabolic concentrator.
Background technology
Light-catalyzed reaction is a kind of as chemical reaction, and current quilt is used for the energy and environmental protection area research in a large number.The principle of light-catalyzed reaction is that its inner electronics is stimulated and transits to conduction band from valence band, thereby produces free electron and hole respectively at conduction band and valence band when catalyst fines is subjected to the light source irradiation of certain energy.When semiconductor surface is moved to respectively in electronics-hole, understand material generation light-catalyzed reaction with its absorption.It is just with practical value that the having only of light-catalyzed reaction directly utilizes solar energy to do light source, realize this purpose, and the photochemical catalyst with enough visible light activities and stability will be arranged on the one hand; On the other hand,, can efficiently receive the also photo catalysis reactor of converge sunlight, then be expected to make all kinds of light-catalyzed reactions of direct solar irradiation efficiently to carry out if therefore can design because the speed of light-catalyzed reaction is directly proportional with incident intensity.At present the photo catalysis reactor that generally uses of institute mainly is to adopt various vial reactors to carry out under the source of parallel light of simulating, its reactor structure design mainly is to receive source of parallel light in a side of reactor or the light receiving window on a plane of top design, designs simple relatively.And consider that direct sunshine disperses discontinuous, continuous conversion of incidence angle and the lower characteristics of intensity in one day, this reactor obviously can not adapt to the light-catalyzed reaction demand under the direct sunshine photograph, in addition, lamp general relative a little less than, use is carried out light-catalyzed reaction without the sunshine of assembling, and its efficient is generally lower.
Solar concentrator mainly contains following four kinds: (1) groove type solar concentrator (PTC); (2) disc type solar energy high temperature concentrator; (3) tower type solar concentrator; (4) composite parabolic formula concentrator (CPC).Wherein preceding 3 kinds be mainly used in the generating of direct generation high temperature heating agent and price all very expensive.CPC is a kind of non-imaging type based on the line-focusing solar concentrator of rim ray principle design, and the solar light of sun direct projection and diffuse scattering is all had collecting effect preferably, according to the purpose difference of practical application, has various forms of CPC to be devised.At present, the CPC of research and development mainly is applied to the low temperature thermal-arrest, as solar water heater, and solar cooker.And it is less based on the report of the solar energy chemical reactor of CPC.Patent CN1699200A has reported the TiO that utilizes truncate formula CPC and transparent glass fibre load
2The solar energy reactor of photocatalyst film combination.Though this invention uses truncate formula CPC daylighting scope to increase but concentrator optically focused ratio declines to a great extent, catalyst uses fixed-bed design also to be unfavorable for fully contacting of catalyst and reactant liquor.In addition, the cleaning of catalytic bed is also relatively more difficult behind catalysqt deactivation.Therefore and CN1631495A has reported a kind of fixed-bed type solar air purification device, and beam condensing unit is not adopted in this invention, can expect, this reactor will can be very not high to the utilization ratio of sunshine.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photo catalysis reactor that is applicable under the direct solar irradiation, it is low that this reactor has a cost, reaction rate height, easy to operate and stable advantage.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical scheme: this device comprises stainless steel stent, CPC gradient adjusting screw(rod), compound parabolic concentrator, tubular reactor, stainless steel stent inclined-plane and horizontal plane angle are a, the value of a is a local latitude, by bearing fixing at least one compound parabolic concentrator is arranged on the inclined-plane.Connect by adjusting screw(rod) between the reflective surface of each compound parabolic concentrator, the center of compound parabolic concentrator is equipped with a tubular reactor, is cascaded by pvc pipe between each tubular reactor.
Described compound parabolic concentrator constitutes composite parabolic by reflective surface, and reflective surface supports curved surface by fiberglass and the aluminium film is formed, and is suppressed with the aluminium film on the inner surface of fiberglass support curved surface, and there is the oxidation aluminium coat on the surface of aluminium film.
Described compound parabolic concentrator is regulated its inclination angle by adjusting screw(rod).
Described tubular reactor is made pipe by quartz or pyrex Pyrex glass, and its diameter is between 25-50mm.
Technique effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1) is beneficial to the design of the tubular reactor that extensive fluid carries, makes this device under lower running cost, to handle reaction raw materials liquid to greatest extent, and obtain higher reaction rate.
(2) reaction tube is on the focal line of CPC of particular design, can will be incident to the whole circumference of all light uniform convergences of CPC sensitive surface to reaction tube, makes tubular reactor can farthest receive the direct projection part and the dissipative part of sunray.
(3) on the support curved surface that the reflectorized material of the CPC glass-reinforced plastic material that has the aluminium film of oxidation aluminium coat, aluminium mould to be formed on design shape for the surface is made.Can adjust reflective coating according to the characteristic of photochemical catalyst is that silverskin or multiple layer metal replace reflective membrane.
(4) CPC is installed on the stainless steel stent of particular design.CPC takes the East and West direction array on the support, and its inclination angle can be regulated with adjusting screw(rod), makes the CPC inclination angle with the seasonal variations periodic adjustment, realizes that the maximum of light receives.
(5) owing to the concentrator of composition photo catalysis reactor and the quantity of tubular reactor among the present invention can design on request, and can increase and decrease at any time, therefore device of the present invention can be applicable to all kinds of light-catalyzed reactions of various different activities photochemical catalysts, also can require further to do engineering according to reality and amplify.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is composite parabolic formula concentrator CPC and tubular reactor combining structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the convergence situation of different angles incident ray on composite parabolic formula concentrator CPC reaction tubes surface, wherein (a) θ
Per=0 °, θ
Par=0 °; (b) θ
Per=15 °, θ
Par=40 °; (c) θ
Per=35 °, θ
Par=0 °:
Fig. 3 is the reflective ratio of the composite parabolic formula concentrator CPC reflectorized material that uses among the present invention and the graph of a relation of wavelength;
Fig. 4 is a solar energy photocatalytic hydrogen-manufacturing reactor schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a composite parabolic formula concentrator CPC schematic diagram of the present invention;
Table 1 is the relation of composite parabolic formula concentrator CPC opening and periodic adjustment number of times requirement in a year.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing content of the present invention is described in further detail.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, B, C and E, F are respectively that M, N and G, H are respectively with half acceptance angle θ without the summit in compound parabolic concentrator 3 cross sections after brachymemma and the brachymemma processing
cWith brachymemma angle θ
dThe outermost light of incident and the intersection point of compound parabolic concentrator 3.Tubular reactor 4 should be placed near involute summit P in the CPC as far as possible, receive with the maximum that realizes 4 pairs of CPC internal reflections of tubular reactor light, needs and cost according to real reaction are taken all factors into consideration, can do truncation to CPC, as the dotted line EF among Fig. 1, this moment, the optically focused of CPC descended than meeting, but cost also can decrease.
As shown in Figure 2, each figure is the convergence situation of different angles incident ray on composite parabolic formula concentrator 3 reaction tubes surfaces.Under best CPC reflection and tubular reactor 4 caliber conditions, after the one or many reflection, will effectively be absorbed by tubular reactor 4 with the sunray of all angles of maximum entrance half-angle incident.Tubular reactor 4 calibers should be suitable, too smallly then can't absorb reverberation fully, excessively then increases material cost and carry pressure drop, generally should be controlled between the 25-50mm.
Represent the relation of the reflectivity of compound parabolic concentrator 3 reflectorized material aluminium films used herein as Fig. 3 with lambda1-wavelength.As seen from the figure, the aluminium film reflectorized material of surface plating 2 μ m aluminium oxide can usable reflection less than the sunshine of 600nm for wavelength, therefore adopt the reactor of this reflective membrane should use photoresponse in the photoresponse interval photochemical catalyst below 600nm.As the photochemical catalyst that uses more long wavelength's response then should use the alternately reflective membrane of argent and aluminium.
As shown in Figure 4, compound parabolic concentrator CPC is with a determining deviation parallel arrangement, and concrete spacing is selected and can be determined according to actual site area, is installed on the stainless steel stent 1 with East and West direction, and the inclination angle a of support is as the criterion with the latitude of locality, towards Due South to putting; Can adjust the angle of CPC sensitive surface by adjusting screw(rod) 2, can in one day, repeatedly regulate, the CPC opening is remained in the apparent motion of the sun.The inclination angle of CPC support gets final product several times in the adjusting of 1 year intercycle.It is relevant with the entrance half-angle of CPC to regulate number of times, half acceptance angle θ of the visible composite parabolic formula of physical relationship concentrator 3
cWith 1 year in the relation table (table 1) that requires of periodic adjustment number of times.By this table as can be seen, θ
cMore little, it is many more to need to regulate number of times in 1 year, so θ
cShould be according to the suitable selection of specific requirement.Tubular reactor 4 is fixed on bearing 9 on the focal line of CPC in the CPC, and each tubular reactor 4 connects successively with PVC flexible pipe snake type, requires its number of changeable according to reaction scale.Add certain mass concentration photocatalyst powder and light-catalyzed reaction liquid to charging and discharge system 6, system is in the driving current downflow of circulating pump 5, flow velocity control makes Reynolds number between 10000-50000, avoids it to deposit in reactor tube walls with the abundant suspension that guarantees photocatalyst powder.
Table 1
| θ | The per day daylighting time | The average annual number of times of regulating | The shortest fate that need adjust not | Daylighting in average day hour when adjust every day |
| 19.5 14 11 9 8 7 6.5 6 5.5 | 9.22 8.76 8.60 8.38 8.22 8.04 7.96 7.78 7.60 | 2 4 6 10 14 20 26 80 84 | 180 35 35 24 16 13 9 1 1 | 10.72 10.04 9.52 9.08 8.82 8.54 8.36 8.18 8.00 |
As shown in Figure 5, CPC constitutes composite parabolic by reflective surface 8, and is supported by bearing 9 and Holder Fasteners, and reflective surface 8 is made up of the fiberglass support curved surface and the aluminium film of the shape that adheres to specification, be suppressed with the aluminium film on fiberglass support curved interior surface, there is the oxidation aluminium coat on the surface of aluminium film.Bearing 9 is fixed in tubular reactor 4 on the CPC focal line.
Compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) the 3rd according to rim ray principle design, can be designed the concentrator of different optically focused ratios according to designing requirement and tubular reactor 4 calibers.The schematic diagram of CPC and tubular reactor 4 combinations is seen Fig. 1.Extinction characteristic according to photochemical catalyst can be at the different reflectorized material of CPC plating inner surface; photochemical catalyst for ultraviolet light response uses the surface that the reflective aluminum film of protective layer of alumina is arranged, and can use the alternate plating of aluminium film or silver and aluminium for visible light responsive photocatalyst.
The material of tubular reactor 4 can have different choice according to the difference of photochemical catalyst, to select quartz glass for use based on the photochemical catalyst of ultraviolet response with height ultraviolet light permeability, and select the pyrex Pyrex glass of visible light permeability for use for having visible light-responded photochemical catalyst, iron content should remain on below the 100mg/kg in the glass, to avoid its absorption to solar ultraviolet light.Caliber is selected should be moderate, too high or too low effective absorption that all can't guarantee photochemical catalyst to sunray, and tubular reactor 4 diameters should be controlled between the 25-50mm.Absorption and the refraction of glass to light will take place during by tubular reactor 4 tube walls in light, influence convergence of rays, so tube wall should be controlled in the 1.4mm.Liquid in pipe is carried also should reach certain flow rate, makes Reynolds number between 10000-50000, and guarantee system is in turbulent condition, avoids the deposition of photochemical catalyst at inside pipe wall.
Compound parabolic concentrator CPC adopts the East and West direction array, tubular reactor 4 with the compound parabolic concentrator CPC focal line center of circle by bearing fixing in CPC inside, can adopt serial or parallel connection to connect according to the real reaction demand.Adopt mechanical diaphragm formula circulating pump that the catalyst and the aqueous solution that contains the finite concentration sacrifice agent are circulated in coiled reactor 4, photochemical catalyst is subjected to optical excitation generation light-catalyzed reaction in this process.For guaranteeing of maximum convergence and the absorption of CPC concentrator, the sensitive surface of CPC is remained within the apparent motion of the sun, so CPC should be that the inclination angle south orientation is installed placement with the local latitude to sunray.The optically focused of general CPC is more littler than big more then its opening, then needs the number of times regulated many more in 1 year.Take all factors into consideration the best CPC design parameter of selection according to local actual sunshine situation and reaction requirement, and make its optically focused as far as possible than increasing.
Operating procedure:
1. the reactant liquor for preparing is added in charging and the discharge system 6 via feed pump;
2. open nitrogen cylinder, to discharge air wherein, avoid the generation of back reaction to the logical nitrogen of closed circuit;
3. open circulating pump 5 reactant liquor is circulated, light-catalyzed reaction is carried out by optical excitation in tubular reactor 4;
4. open gas chromatograph, the hydrogen that produces be recycled to charging and discharge system 6 with reactant liquor, separate after flowmeter flows to gas bottle, by gas chromatograph gas is carried out online detection simultaneously.
With the area, Xi'an is example, carries out the photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition reaction under the direct solar irradiation.Test site: Xi'an, 108 ° 55 of east longitude ', 34 ° 15 of north latitude ', height above sea level 411.9m; 35 ° at support inclination angle, the maximum entrance half-angle of CPC is 14 °, 40 ° at brachymemma angle, single CPC width 0.4m, length 1.5m, tubular reactor 4 uses the good Pyrex glass of light transmission, length 1.5m, internal diameter 30mm, external diameter 32mm.Add catalyst CdS 6.38g in the system, sacrifice agent Na
2SO
372.1g, Na
2S 18.4g, experimental water are running water, cumulative volume 11.4L.Direct solar radiation amount average out to 550W/m
2This device can realize that continous-stable produces hydrogen under the condition, and average hydrogen output is about 600mL/h.
Claims (4)
1. solar energy photocatalytic reactor based on compound parabolic concentrator, this device comprises stainless steel stent (1), adjusting screw(rod) (2), compound parabolic concentrator (3), tubular reactor (4), it is characterized in that, stainless steel stent (1) inclined-plane and horizontal plane angle are a, the value of a is a local latitude, be fixed with at least one compound parabolic concentrator (3) by bearing (9) on the inclined-plane, be connected by adjusting screw(rod) (2) between the reflective surface (8) of each compound parabolic concentrator (3), the center of compound parabolic concentrator (3) is equipped with a tubular reactor (4), is cascaded by pvc pipe (7) between each tubular reactor (4).
2, a kind of solar energy photocatalytic reactor according to claim 1 based on compound parabolic concentrator, it is characterized in that, described compound parabolic concentrator (3) constitutes composite parabolic by reflective surface (8), reflective surface (8) supports curved surface by fiberglass and the aluminium film is formed, be suppressed with the aluminium film on the inner surface of fiberglass support curved surface, there is the oxidation aluminium coat on the surface of aluminium film.
3, a kind of solar energy photocatalytic reactor based on compound parabolic concentrator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, compound parabolic concentrator (3) is regulated its inclination angle by adjusting screw(rod) (2).
4, a kind of solar energy photocatalytic reactor based on compound parabolic concentrator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, tubular reactor (4) is made pipe by quartz or Pyrex glass, and its diameter is between 25-50mm.
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