CN101040180A - Monitoring system for concrete pilings and method of installation - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for tracking and monitoring data related to the manufacture, installation and/or life cycle of concrete structures, such as pilings, as well as related system components and methods for tracking, storing and accessing such data is provided. The system utilizes one or more embeddable antenna assemblies as well as sensor packages that are installed in the concrete structure form before casting. The antenna(s) provide wireless communication of the data from the structure. On board memory is also provided to store structure related data with the structure. A system for tracking a pile during driving is also provided.

Description

Monitoring system for concrete pilings and installation method

Background technology

The present invention is relevant with the monitoring system of a kind of long-term tracking concrete pipe base and structure, also with a kind of with the setting of this system and be connected to pile foundation and the method for structure relevant, this pile foundation and structure have therein the measuring instrument and the sensor of casting in advance.

Still do not have at present a kind of from similarly be pile foundation or big and heavy stone apart from etc. xoncrete structure carry out the information communication, to determine relevant this structure, or the effective ways of situation that this structure produces are set, at present, because monitoring devices such as manual additional strain measuring instrument/accelerometer, with monitoring during being provided with in this pile foundation the mode of strength and speed need a large amount of workloads, so have only general 1/10th xoncrete structures such as monitored pile foundation to carry out the actual monitoring of pressure load and its stress/strain related data.When pile foundation generally is to utilize around the item neck cable of this structure to place, when then utilizing this structure of crane lifting, it can't place any article on this pile foundation outside, cause damage or the high risk of excising because it may have between resting period by this neck cable.At present, after the pile foundation that placement is used to squeeze into, just with climbing to wanting the position, and measuring instrument and sensor are attached to this fixedly mode of pile foundation, needed measuring instrument and sensor are carried out manual additional work.This not only needs the height labour, also expends time in, cost, also may personnel be set to this and cause risk on the safety.Therefore, generally only carry out limited monitoring, therefore this structure is just needed higher design safety factor (DSF).A kind of method that can carry out wireless monitor during squeezing into just has significant value, and it can reduce and this test process cost related and time, more tests by this.Yet when so carrying out, have many technology barriers, comprise the wireless transmission of carrying out the sensor data from this pile foundation.

Supporting the basic problem that concrete is placed a radio frequency antenna or imbed a radio frequency antenna in concrete, be because concrete along with the composition of dielectric greatly that the age changes, will reduce the usefulness of this radio frequency widely.This has represented a kind of very difficult, challenging applied environment.For having specific inductive capacity is that 1.0 air and specific inductive capacity are for 80 the water, and concrete is variation between (new become) and 6 (relevant with water cut, through after the complete maintenance of two or three months) then 20.Xoncrete structure in this uses will be after casting 28 days, or uses in time faster, and then has and be approximately 9.0 specific inductive capacity.

Place the concrete of high relatively dielectric numerical value near this radio frequency antenna, cause great majority, from this antenna radiation and enter among the concrete by this (demodulation at present) energy that antenna radiated.Though with this free air relevant residue radio frequency energy whether because distort and/or unstable print (pattern) and serious decay, general antenna all is to be designed to operate in the free air environment.

In addition, after the structural detail that similarly is pile foundation condenses, just no longer collect the data that is used to analyze, and in the viewpoint of repeated loading, these data can be used for carrying out the long-time stability and the structural intergrity of this structural detail, and be used for working as this structural detail and be exposed under the rugged surroundings, and may make this structural detail reduce quality in time and cause the monitoring of structural failure.

Yearning provide a kind of more efficient, more cost-effective method and system, with this xoncrete structure of monitoring between the complete available lifetime of this structure.More yearning is, a kind of system that can just can simply be provided with during casting and manufacturing are handled is provided, it can utilize the method for cost-effectively to monitor, therefore just can monitor all xoncrete structures under an application-specific, and especially for pile foundations such as buildings, bridge and roadbeds, design to consider a kind of more effective use, and need not compromise for the security and the reliability of this complete structure.In addition, yearning providing a kind ofly carried out the system of life circulatory monitoring for xoncrete structure, and this xoncrete structure comprises all xoncrete structure elements, and no matter whether be the pile foundation situation of after being provided with, excising the top.Same yearning provide a kind of no matter the end-state of this structure and monitor the method for imbedding measuring instrument.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of the tracking with monitoring similarly is the system of xoncrete structure manufacturing, setting and/or life circular correlation data such as foundation pile, and the method for related system assembly and tracking, storage and this data of access.

In a viewpoint of the present invention, a kind of permanent antenna of imbedding with reverberator is provided, this antenna is outstanding from this body structure surface during making and transmitting.This antenna is to flush a sidewall that is inserted into this xoncrete structure, and only extends to a limited extent among this structure from this outer surface, does not therefore need to compromise for this structural intergrity.In addition, this antenna is to place away from this inside configuration reinforcing bar, causes the dependency structure integrity loss to avoid aqueous vapor to enter.

This day line mosaic/design impact that must be able to keep out repeatability applies environment, this environment have maximum to approximately just/a large amount hammering of negative 1000 times of acceleration of gravity strength.For example, this may appear at during the squeezing into of reinforced concrete pile foundation.

In addition, this antenna is residing to be a kind of external operating environment that comprises the aqueous vapor exposure, but it can not keep or keep aqueous vapor, with infringement or the inefficacy of avoiding antenna performance.

Antenna of the present invention is forever imbedded to this structure, and it then uses up promptly and lose, and has low-cost characteristic.

Another viewpoint according to the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly, and it is embedded under this concrete structural surface during manufacture.This antenna assembly comprises an actuator, and it moves to one second expanded position with this antenna by one first favorite places, and at this second place place, this antenna is just outstanding from this concrete surface.This actuator can be manual, or triggered by the certain loads or the directed shock wave of transmission by this xoncrete structure, similarly is to be hit by a pile foundation drive hammer formed first, or triggers through a kind of control command or other electronic signals.

The present invention also provides a kind of economy sensor and measuring instrument method to set up fast, and it utilizes a kind of U type whippletree suspention assembly, in a kind of simply repeatably mode, this sensor and measuring instrument is arranged among the pile foundation external form before casting.This U type whippletree suspention assembly provides the perpendicular positioning of this sensor/measuring instrument, the infringement that minimizing may form this sensor/measuring instrument during casting, and preferably, before casting, this sensor/measuring instrument automatically is placed on the central authorities of this pile foundation external form, with the correctness of guaranteeing that this sensor reads.

The present invention also provides historical tracking and record memory body, follows the trail of with the pile foundation information that allows to carry out during the complete setting of pile foundation, and this information also can be used for providing the worker initiatively feedback during being provided with.

The present invention also provides a kind of method of life circulatory monitoring for pile foundation and other xoncrete structure elements.This method comprises: insert one or more sensor/measuring instrument between the rope strand in a pile foundation external form, sensor is placed in the pile foundation nucleus.For example, this can be strain measurement instrument, accelerometer, pore pressure, temperature and/or humidity sensor or the like.Then carry out the pile foundation casting, and this sensor is enclosed together.Preferable, in this external form, place one radio/antenna module, and utilize near exposing the mode of this antenna at least on this top pile foundation one side, similarly be poured in advance among this pile foundation.Squeeze into this pile foundation in the construction position, and during squeezing into, obtain data immediately from this sensor/measuring instrument external member.A control/monitoring system is put in this data transmission, squeeze into data to inspect and to analyze this immediately.After squeezing into pile foundation, utilize a networking monitoring node to renovate this pile foundation, this networking monitoring node then connects/is engaged to the sensor/measuring instrument external member of this existence.The peculiar address information that keeps a known pile foundation is preferably utilized the mode of logic link sensor external member address identification (ID), keeps the peculiar address information of a known pile foundation.Then with these nodes potential node of other sensors in this complete structure (and from) connection/radio hookup to an outside lock road, with the life circulatory monitoring of some or all structure of considering this complete structure.

Description of drawings

When relevant additional illustration is read, can obtain for the aforementioned summary of preferred embodiment of the present invention and the preferable understanding of subsequent detailed description.For purpose of description, show preferred embodiment of the present invention in the diagram.Yet will be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to shown accurate configuration.

The 1st figure is arranged in the skeleton view of this external form rope strand for being presented in the pile foundation external form casting concrete to form before this pile foundation.

The 2nd figure is the enlarged perspective of similar the 1st figure.

The 3rd figure shows in this external form after the casting concrete skeleton view of this pile foundation external form.

The 4th figure is the antenna module first embodiment exploded view according to first embodiment of the invention.

The 5th figure is with antenna shown among the 4th figure, imbeds to similarly being cross-sectional view in xoncrete structure one sides such as pile foundation.

The 6th figure is the skeleton view that shows position relative aerial position on a pile foundation top.

The 7th figure flushes a deployable antenna components side view that is embedded in concrete structural surface.

The 8th figure is the antenna skeleton view of the 7th figure.

The 9th figure is the skeleton view of the one present location deployable antenna alternate embodiment according to the present invention.

The 10th figure is the detachable reverberator skeleton view of part that is used to form another antenna module according to the present invention.

The 11st figure is the skeleton view that shows a part of detachable second reflector assembly according to the present invention.

The 12nd figure is the exploded view of an antenna casing and reflector assembly, and this reflector assembly has an additional and outer exposed electronics module shell.

The 13rd figure is among sealing the 12nd figure when shown antenna socket and shell, and employed polymer plug is fastened enlarged cross sectional view.

The 14th figure is the hood-shaped formula front elevation view of first afterbody of shown antenna reflector assembly among the 12nd figure.

The 15th figure is the second afterbody cover front elevation view of shown antenna reflector assembly among the 12nd figure.

The 16th figure is that it is similar among the 12nd figure shown according to another antenna module skeleton view of the present invention, but this antenna module does not have this electronics module shell.

The 17th figure is the skeleton view that is similar to shown antenna module among the 12nd figure, and it has around the release liner of this electronics module casing cover.

The rear perspective view of shown antenna module among the 18th figure the 17th figure.

The 19th figure is the transversal section diagram of passing a pile foundation external form, and it is presented in this pile foundation external form according to antenna module relative position of the present invention.

The 20th figure is the transversal section diagram of passing a pile foundation external form, and it shows according to rope strand of the present invention and U type whippletree suspention assembly, to carry out vertically inlaying of measuring instrument among this pile foundation.

The 21st figure is the decomposition diagram of this U type whippletree suspention assembly.

The 22nd figure is the part-structure side front elevation that shows this assembling U type whippletree suspention assembly, the electronics module that it has a strain measurement instrument, an accelerometer and is embedded in.

The 23rd figure is similar the 22nd figure, the side front elevation of another U type whippletree suspention assembly embodiment, and it has this strain measurement instrument, accelerometer and electronics module.

The 24th figure is for being embedded on the 23rd figure U type whippletree suspention assembly middle body skeleton view of this electronic device and sensor.

The 25th figure shows the rear perspective view that is embedded in the 24th figure U type whippletree suspention assembly sensor relatively.

The 26th figure is a water seal shell cross-sectional view that is used for this accelerometer.

The 27th figure is the structural diagrams of a pile foundation, is presented at being connected between this top and top sensor/measuring instrument external member and this radio/electronic device compartment.

The 28th figure is the piling strtucture diagram that is similar to the 27th figure, and wherein this pile foundation comprises an electric wire reservoir and guiding socket, imbed the top measuring instrument with what allow to be connected to this pile foundation, and after squeezing into, this pile foundation has the excision top.

The 29th figure is along the 28th figure line segment 29-29, passes the cross-sectional view of this pile foundation.

The 30th figure is the structural drawing of the 28th figure pile foundation sensor and antenna assembly, and it does not show this pile foundation.

The 31st figure is the structural drawing of a pile foundation, shows the key and interior transmission system of a foundation pile of this common data.

The 32nd figure is a skeleton view of squeezing into the pile foundation top, and the radio electronics instrument that this pile foundation had is then replaced by networking node module.

The 33rd figure one has the pile foundation skeleton view at excision top, shows and being connected of a networking node module.

The 34th figure is a process flow diagram, shows according to life cycle monitoring system of the present invention.

The 35th figure is the skeleton view of a coagulation earth mulch, and it spreads all over most pile foundations top casts, and this pile foundation has the monitoring sensor that is connected to a node together, and this node then is used to be connected to other elements of this structure and/or is used for the remote measurement cochain that data obtains and monitors.

The 36th figure is the system's skeleton view that is used to follow the trail of a pile foundation depth of penetration according to the present invention.

The 37th figure is the alternative system skeleton view that is used to follow the trail of a pile foundation depth of penetration.

Embodiment

Employed particular term is for convenience in subsequent descriptions, rather than is used for restriction.These literal " below ", " top ", " left side " and " right side " mean the direction into this diagram institute reference.As employed at this, the narration usage of " one of A, B and C at least " means and is each of A, B or C, or it is relevant arbitrarily, and wherein A, B and C represent mark feature of the present invention.In view of the above, unless specialize, term " " or " one " then are defined as and comprise one or more with reference to project.

With reference to the 1st figure, it is presented at concrete casting and casts from a pile foundation external form 14 and form before the pile foundation 10, and the rope strand 12 of this pile foundation 10 is placed among this pile foundation external form 14.Be used for during being provided with or be provided with after transmit the sensor 16 and the antenna module 18 of data from this pile foundation, then show and be connected with this rope strand 12, or from this rope strand 12 or suspention above this rope strand 12, preferably, utilize cable tie up or similarly holdout device suspend in midair.Be used to monitor the sensor and the antenna of this pile foundation, preferably utilize the mode of direct wireless data transmission, transmission is embedded in the collected data of sensor in this pile foundation, with setting and/or the life monitoring in period of carrying out this pile foundation, and may be used to store the pile foundation data equally, this pile foundation then after describe in detail.

The 2nd figure shows the amplification diagram of a preferable antenna/multiple component units 60, this antenna/multiple component units 60 temporarily is positioned at the top of this pile foundation rope strand 12,12 of this rope strands swim in and water in the concrete that casts from this external form, so the top surface of this antenna/multiple component units 60 will be positioned on the surface of this pile foundation.In addition, this sensor 16 is attached to a preferable suspention assembly, this sensor being positioned between this rope strand 12, this suspention assembly will after further describe.

The 3rd figure is presented at after this concrete poured into, in these external form 14 these pile foundations 10 of casting.Exposed state is kept on the surface of this antenna 18, with carry out before this pile foundation is squeezed into, squeeze into during and/or squeeze into after signal transmission.Same, the lid 64 of this antenna/multiple component units 60 is also kept and is exposed the shape lid.As following detailed description, also can remove this antenna 18, and this antenna is relevant with the lid 64 of this electronics module shell.

The the 4th and the 5th figure shows first embodiment of one antenna module 18 according to the present invention.18 of this antenna modules flush on xoncrete structure one side that is embedded in as pile foundation 10 grades as shown among the 3rd figure during manufacture.Must guarantee this antenna can with the peripheral concrete decoupling of this pile foundation 10.This can utilize the device that a corner reverberator 24 is provided and reach, and this reverberator is preferably made by metal, similarly is steel or aluminium, or utilizes the plastic cement with conductivity coating made.Though previous corner antenna has utilized other mode to obtain gain, in this case, then be to provide antenna and this antenna to be imbedded insulation between the surrounding concrete structure 12 in a kind of mode of not habitually practising.In general corner reflector applications, this reverberator is to be placed on the place of leaving this antenna 1/2 wavelength, so this reflection wave will add up and obtain gain at the same-phase place.Because according to the degree of depth restriction of stiffener cause in this concrete in the present invention uses, the metal surface of this corner reverberator 24 can only be placed on leaves this antenna place enough far away, and make the demodulation influence (causing the loss of impedance mistake) to this antenna minimize, it is too far away that this antenna can not be left in the metal surface of this corner reverberator 24, being minimized by the destructive interference that this reflection wave was caused.In one application, for reference wavelength was 916 megahertzs (MHz), preferable distance was 2.1 o'clock, and this provides the space of general 1/6 wavelength.

Another has shorter wavelength/upper frequency in the present invention (for example, 2.4 megahertzes (GHz) among) the embodiment, provides this less whole geometry of imbedding antenna module, and only needs the space of general 1 inch.

Still with reference to the 4th and the 5th figure, keep an antenna 26 in the position with respect to this back metallization reverberator, this back metallization reverberator has an open cell foam piece 28, or other similar not moist absorption or support spacer devices.Preferably, spreading all over this antenna 26 is provided with a kind of utilization and passes the made cover plate of material 30 for paying close attention to frequency for radio frequency.Preferably, shown as the 3rd figure, the flush of this lid and this xoncrete structure 12.Preferably, at electric wire that is extended from this antenna 26 or the peripheral clasp 31 of placing of coaxial cable.This complete assemblies 18 preferably utilizes the water seal mode to make up.

With reference to the 6th figure, show an antenna 18 preferred arrangement that are positioned at this place, pile foundation 10 tops opposite face.Preferably, this antenna module 18 is the positions that are positioned at a distance of this below, top 2d, and d is the width of this pile foundation 10.The preferably same position of this sensor 16 is in the position of 2d below this top, extra top sensor then the position at a distance of the position of this pile foundation top 2d, this after will describe in detail.Yet this sensor position is at the central authorities/core position of this pile foundation transversal section.

With reference to the 7th and the 8th figure, in another embodiment of the present invention, provide one single (or most) regracting spring antenna module 50.This antenna 52 the manufacturing of this pile foundation with transport during, keep and this pile foundation flush.The antenna 52 that this antenna module 50 is had only after similarly being significantly vertically the hitting or accept a control command of an actual pile foundation hammering, just extends to an expanded position, and actuates solenoid-activated and discharge.One conductivity ground 54, preferably the electric conduction material that is coated on the insulated substrate by metal or utilization is made, then inlay with the flush of this xoncrete structure, and in fact till this antenna is unfolded, just be positioned on this surface as this lid 30, after this antenna launches, just immediately as the some of this antenna structure.The length of this antenna is 1/4 λ preferably, and this ground 54 then has the size of about λ/2, and it can be a kind ofly to have diameter or the length of side and be approximately the circular or square of λ/2.Though this configuration is preferable, also can use other configuration mode.

Substitute, or except discharging, in the situation of these antenna module 50 automatic extension baulk, can provide a kind of manual pushbutton manual overvide 55 from far-end.This can be a kind of little opening form that is arranged in this ground 54, and it allows a user to insert a rod or the bolt tip, to discharge the fastener that keeps this antenna 52 to be in favorite places.

In case receive the strike or the control command of suitable intensity, this antenna 52 just vertically extends from this concrete surface.As shown in the 8th figure, this can inlay antenna 52 through a kind of hinge simply and reach.This strike or control start solenoid or piston, then just discharge this fastener, and this antenna just encloses line of force coil spring because of one or the strength of compression spring (not shown) drives, and towards inner rotary.Substitute, as shown in the 9th figure, this assembly 56 can comprise the antenna 57 of position in a non-conductivity sleeve pipe 58, in general this non-conductivity sleeve pipe 58 conductivity ground 54a Surface Vertical extension on this concrete structural surface from the position, and hit or see through a control signal through detecting immediately as described above one, start the release fastener, this fastener discharges and just causes this antenna 57 to turn on to the extended position more than the 54a of this ground from this sleeve pipe 58 outwardly.

If during being provided with, one antenna collides plane (surface level or ground level), the induced inside circuit just switches to antenna on the plane with the data transmission, or in the situation that engages pile foundation, switch to the internal radio transceiver, or permission sees through the direct connection of socket, with the output data, this after will go through.

With reference to the 10th and the 11st figure, it shows two other alternate embodiment of antenna module 80,90.These antenna assembly is the mode construction with a kind of very cost-effectively, and uses and a kind ofly have thickness and fasten 82,92 as the low loss and the low dielectric numerical value material plug of λ/4, and preferably has the diameter more than or equal to λ/2.This plug is fastened and can be utilized plastic cement or satisfy the above any suitable material that requires made, and it preferably has the shape of column type (the 10th figure), dome-type or parabolic type (the 11st figure).Its side and bottom similarly are a kind of metallized foil or any other material that is fit to then with 84,94 coverings of a kind of conductivity coating.One outside seal central opening 85,95 is provided, sees through this opening, the central electric wire 86,96 of a coaxial cable 88,98 just extends to the length of λ/4.The ground woven cable of this cable 88,98 then is welded together, or is connected to the conductivity coating 84,94 in these central opening 86,96 zones, and passes this plug and fasten 82,92 top and extend.This plug is fastened 82,92 top surface as a lid, and is set to during manufacture flush with this concrete structural surface, so that an antenna cheaply to be provided.

With reference to the 12nd to the 15th figure, it shows a preferred embodiment of this top antenna/multiple component units 60 in detail.This antenna module 60 preferably comprises a reflector assembly 65, this reflector assembly 65 has by a kind of bending metals page or leaf sheet and is formed, be preferably the reflector body 66 that forms V-type, and have, be additional to an afterbody cover 68 and 70 of its afterbody as shown in the 14th and the 15th figure.Preferably, this reflector assembly 65 is formed by metal material, similarly is aluminium or stainless steel.Yet, also can use other metal materials that is fit to, or have the polymeric material of a metallic coating.Provide a kind of utilization for requiring frequency to pass the formed over cap 72 of material for radio frequency.During pile foundation was made, concrete broke away from this antenna module 60 during casting to avoid to need this over cap 72, and after concrete coagulation, if necessary, can remove this over cap 72.In a preferred embodiment, this is to utilize a kind of heavy card/clamp or have thickness to form greater than the polymeric material of 0.02 inch, and can be adhered to, pastes the jail or be sealed on this reflector assembly 65.

This antenna module 60 comprises the shell 61 that is used to connect up in addition, and the electronic package related with this antenna 76, and the radio module that is used for the data transmission signal.It similarly is among the Polyvinylchloride formed antenna sockets 78 of polymeric material such as (PVC) that this antenna 76 preferably is positioned at utilization, and preferably use a kind of unitor 69 that is extended from this shell 61, be connected to this shell 61 in the water seal mode, one fasten the plug 79 then be inserted into this unitor 69 from this shell 61 among, and around this antenna base portion, it shows in the 13rd figure in detail.This is fastened plug and 79 preferably seals or be glued among this shell 61, as in 81 positions of being registered.65 coverings of this reflector assembly are arranged on this antenna socket 78, so this first afterbody cover 68 just props up this shell 61.After this antenna 76 is set, use the afterbody of a socket afterbody cover 83 these antenna sockets 78 of sealing.Water seal connector 91 can be inserted among the opening of these shell 61 sides, so that the import and export of electric wire with water seal character, cable or the like to be provided, further carry out the data signal transmission and with electric power transfer to the different elements that is arranged in these pile foundation 10 induction systems.In addition, a buoyancy compensation flat board 87 preferably for example utilizes rivet to be connected to the flange that the bottom provided of this shell 61, or with any other connected mode that is fit to, and similarly is that clamp, tackifier, cable are tied up or the like mode.The size of this buoyancy compensation flat board 87 can be born the enough amount of concrete that are positioned at its top, resisting the buoyancy of this antenna module 60, therefore keeps the floating position above this pile foundation rope strand, make this over cap 72 haply with this pile foundation flush.

Preferably, this shell 61, this unitor 69, to fasten plug 79, this antenna socket 78, this anti-floating power dull and stereotyped 87 and this socket afterbody cover 83 all be to utilize Polyvinylchloride (PVC) or similarly polymeric material is made for this, and can utilize a kind of simple and effective way combination or bond together.The over cap 72 that is used for this reflector assembly 65 preferably is positioned among this pile foundation external form 14, therefore forms the some of this pile foundation outer surface.In addition, preferably be provided for the access lid 64 of this shell, and same position is on the surface of this pile foundation, is positioned at wherein electric wire, cable, battery, investigation support and/or electronic package to allow after forming pile foundation access.

With reference to the 16th figure, show a reflector assembly 89 that is used for this second antenna module 62, it comprises this over cap 72 and the reflector body 66 that is preferably V-type.Use two reverberator afterbody covers 70 closing the tail end of this reflector assembly 89, and therein the antenna 76 that is arranged in this antenna socket 78 is set.In case this antenna is arranged among this socket 78, just utilize the afterbody cover sealing tail end of socket afterbody cover 83 or similar type in the water seal mode, therefore have only antenna cable to stretch out, to form this second antenna module 62 from an end of this reflector assembly 89.

With reference to the 17th and the 18th figure, show preferable antenna/multiple component units 60 with the improvement of being provided with.As shown among the 17th figure, in order to allow to remove this access lid 64, around the top of this shell 61, a foam or gum sleeve 63 be set, and extend upward oral area by this access lid 64.The position that this concrete that can avoid being used for forming this pile foundation 10 pins this access lid 64, and after concrete coagulation, just removable this sleeve pipe 63 is to provide the ditch crack that is used for removing this access lid 64.Substitute, can keep this sleeve pipe 63 as the sealing of avoiding aqueous vapor to enter and condense.

Preferably majority is distinguished the antenna of changeable and peculiar identification, imbed to this concrete-pile based structures, preferably, it comprises an additional radio module antenna module 60 that has in this shell 61, and may comprise one or more antenna module 62, or other form antenna modules of above definition.Preferably, this antenna can discern with a kind of circulation (round robin) form automatically which aerial position provides optimum signal intensity in the receiving system, and possesses the highest follow-up data bandwidth processing ability according to the provider location of this receiving system.Then, for all follow-up data communicationses, has only the selected and effect of this antenna (position).For with optimizing effect, during obtaining, data electric power is not distributed to untapped aerial position.If during data is obtained, may lose signal, just this system can attempt automatically connecting with one of residue antenna from this selection antenna.

Be the relevant of signal (RSSI), link quality and calculating test signal transmission bandwidth preferably, determine this day line options threshold according to this received signal intensity.Be used to select and make the concrete communications protocol of antenna effect then can and use selected according to employed particular system.Yet, in general only select to have the antenna of best transmission usefulness, and its electric power be provided.In case after selecting, systematic electricity will be transmitted the antenna of selection completely, to prolong the system battery life-span and optimum signal intensity and high bandwidth are provided simultaneously.Same, because this antenna structure is to be exposed on the surface of this pile foundation, the multiple recovery that utilizes most antennas to can be provided under the single antenna infringement is selected.

With reference now to the 19th figure,, it shows the antenna module 60,62 of position among this pile foundation external form 14.This top antenna module 60 preferably floats in the concrete of these rope strand 12 tops, and avoiding after making, any aqueous vapor source enters and arrive at this rope strand framework.This below antenna 62 can be situated in the bottom of this external form, flushes with this lower surface, and by being located by the weight of casting concrete.Also can be used in other antenna module forms of describing.Also this antenna can be positioned on the opposite face sidewall of this pile foundation external form 14.

A problem that is met with is set as the sensor that shows among the 1st to the 3rd figure, be to utilize during an electromagnetic shaker or other concrete spouting that device carries out and the follow-up setting, since this sensor levels be embedded in this see through or spread all over must be poured and/or the heavy gauge of compacted concrete in rope strand 12 on or between this rope strand 12, and increase the formed potential injury of this sensor.

As shown in the 20th figure, according to the present invention, preferably in this pile foundation external form 14, one U type whippletree suspention assembly 120,120 ' is set in the mode of approximate vertical, with promote this sensor can be fast, accurate, can repeatedly locate.Preferably, this comprises an accelerometer 122 and a strain measurement instrument 124 that must be horizontally placed among this pile foundation core.This U type whippletree suspention assembly 120,120 ' preferably is a spring, and allow this sensor can repeatedly be positioned at the nucleus central authorities of this pile foundation external form, and do not need other to measure by hand, make this accelerometer remain on position simultaneously perpendicular to this pile foundation length, measure carrying out accurate acceleration between the base period at follow-up driven pile, and make this strain measurement instrument keep the position parallel simultaneously with this pile foundation longitudinal axis, to guarantee accurate strain measurement.

With reference to the 21st and the 22nd figure in detail, first embodiment of this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120 will be described.This U type whippletree suspention assembly 120 comprises top and below U type framework 126,128.The pin of this below U type framework 128 can be above this slides in pin of U type framework 126.Spring 130 is arranged in the pin of this top U type framework 126, and makes U type framework 126 skews in this top from this below U type framework 128.One relevant top retaining version/fastener 132 all is attached to this top and below U type framework 126,128 respectively with one or more below fastener 134.This retaining version/fastener 132 can utilize any suitable material to make to avoid electric current to corrode with this fastener 134, also can have any suitable shape, and when these U type whippletree assembly 120 approximate vertical are arranged at this pile foundation external form 14, can mesh with this rope strand 12, as shown in the 22nd figure.This top retaining version/fastener 132 is preferably enough wide, suffers damage during concrete casting and follow-up vibrations setting/tamping to avoid this measuring instrument/sensor device.

In order to be provided with, this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120 can be inserted between this rope strand 12, and this below fastener 134 then is engaged on the below rope strand 12.Then utilize the strength of this spring 130 of opposing,, be pressed into this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120 towards the mode that is pushed down into square bearer this on, so among the just scalable pin that receives to this top U type framework 126 of the pin of this below U type framework 128.In case discharge after the strength of this top U type framework 126, this top and below U type framework 126,128 just depart from each other because of this spring 130, and the fastener of this top retaining version/fastener 132 partly just can mesh top rope strand 12 downsides among this pile foundation external form 14.

Refer again to the 21st and the 22nd figure, this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120 comprises a connected glove bobsled 136 in addition.This glove bobsled 136 preferably comprises guiding flange 138, and this flange 138 contacts with the pin of this top with below U type framework 126,128, inlays platform to fix this.The upper section of this glove bobsled 136 preferably comprises an extension 137, and this extension 137 is bent to U type roughly, to keep and to protect an electronics module 159, as shown in the 22nd figure.Substitute, this can be a kind of separation segment or part of this electronics module shell.

One central spring 140 preferably is provided, and it has first tail end that is connected with this top U type framework 126 and this below U type framework 128.Second tail end of this central authorities' spring 140 then is connected to the bracket 141 on these glove bobsled 136 tops and the lower side, and this glove bobsled 136 deviated to the position of a substantial middle, and how many distances between the fastener 132,134 is in the position no matter be provided with on this rope strand 12.This bracket 141 has at interval, so this measuring instrument/sensor component will roughly be positioned at the central authorities of this pile foundation, preferably inlays the equal intervals of Central Line, position at a distance of " a " with this measuring instrument/sensor component.As shown in the 22nd figure, the strength vector of this central authorities' spring 140 has main Y direction component.Yet, according to inlaying device, also may provide directions X component, prop up this U type frame element 126,128 to keep this glove bobsled 136.This central authorities' spring 140 guarantees that this glove bobsled 136 is to be positioned at a middle position repeatably after being provided with, and does not need the person of setting to climb between this rope strand and this device downwards, carries out the position adjustment of this glove bobsled 136.This central authorities' spring 140 has compares the below spring of this spring 130 for fixing.In case this suspention assembly is positioned, this glove bobsled 136 can utilize just that electric wire is tied up, hose bundle clamp, THUMB SCREWS or other similar devices and clamp and/or maintain this middle position.This can be avoided concrete and/or follow-up vibrations/be provided with that this glove bobsled 136 is moved apart this spring balancing position.

Substitute, also can use other spring assembly, or can save this central authorities' spring 140, and utilize that cable is tied up, bent wire or similarly be above other suitable fasteners of mentioning those, on this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120, this is set and inlays platform.

Preferably utilize cable to tie up, electric wire is tied up or similarly mode inlay platform 139 with one and be connected to this glove bobsled 136.Whether this is inlayed platform 139 and preferably utilizes alignment holes, protuberance or other similar devices, register this glove bobsled 136 and locate.This accelerometer assembly 122 is preferably tied up with cable or similarly is that other suitable connector forms such as mechanical fastener, epoxy resin or other modes that is fit to are attached to this and inlay platform 139.Substitute, this is inlayed platform 139 and can save, and its damascene feature and this glove bobsled 136 are integrated.

With reference to the 23rd and the 24th figure, it shows second embodiment of this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120 '.Except the needs that omit this spring 130 and omit this and inlay the platform 139, this second embodiment 120 ' is similar with this embodiment 120, and this function of inlaying platform 139 is then integrated with the segment with this glove bobsled 136 '.In this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120 ', the mode that this U type framework 126,128 can be used in discussion together or slide apart.Yet, this below U type framework 128 comprises a succession of hole on its pin, and can with the aligned in U type framework 126 pin of this top, and utilize the bolt tip 133 relevant together, this bolt tip 133 can be the bolt tip, bolt, rivet or other any suitable fasteners.This U type framework 126,128 can be adjusted for this particular strands 12, to be separated by with being formed between the pile foundation 10.This bolt tip 133 then is set.This bottom fastener 134 ' is then formed by spring steel or other elasticity materials that is fit to.During being provided with, this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120 ' is inserted into this rope strand 12 and this meshes between the below spring fastener 134 ' of a below rope strand.This spring fastener 134 ' can elasticity turn to so that this top fastener 132 can insert requirement top rope strand in this external form 14 below 12, and then should above fastener 132 elasticity deviate to and this top rope strand position engaged.Itself also provides the elasticity of some degree this rope strand, and can carry out the setting of this U type whippletree suspention assembly from its position by bullet.Hole below this in U type framework 128 pin can be in order to be used for the known standard rope strand position of most known pile foundation sizes, and be positioned in position.Glove bobsled 136 ' with additional measuring instrument and sensor can utilize then that cable is tied up, clamp, rivet or other any suitable fasteners, is connected to the middle position of this U type framework 126,128.

As shown in the 26th figure, this accelerometer assembly 122 preferably comprises a shell 142, and it keeps a water seal depression, and supports this entity accelerometer device in this depression.This shell 142 preferably is made of a top casing part 144 and a bottom enclosure part 146, and it has defined the depression 148 of wherein placing this entity accelerometer device.Among the groove on every side of 150 positions of one O type ring housing parts 144 above this.In case this entity accelerometer device is set at after this depression 148, just make up this top and bottom housing parts 144,146, preferably utilize sticker that this part 144,146 is fixed together.The top and bottom housing parts 144,146 that is used for this accelerometer shell 142 preferably utilizes a kind of polymeric material of low cost polycarbonate resin made.Preferable around forming a passage 152 around this shell, maybe this is inlayed the entity aligning on dull and stereotyped 139 and inlays and can consider at this glove bobsled 136 ', if when providing respectively, facility is tied up with a kind of cable in this passage 152, as shown in the 22nd to the 25th figure.

As shown in the 21st figure, an opening 154 preferably is arranged in this and inlays flat board 139, wherein fixes this accelerometer shell 142.This opening 154 has and is used to the V-type sidewall of registering/aliging, so this accelerometer shell 142 can utilize the shell 142 peripheral surrounding edges of being registered by this V-type sidewall, carries out firm and location accurately.Inlay the dull and stereotyped 139 preferable slits that also provide at this, extend and additional this accelerometer so that this cable is tied up.The accelerometer assembly 122 that the concrete that this opening 154 also allows to be used for this pile foundation enough is centered around this shell 142 forms, and can collect correct data to guarantee this accelerometer.Substitute, as shown in the 24th figure, the opening 154 ' of this same form is directly to be arranged in this glove bobsled 136 ', in order to allowing inlaying of this accelerometer assembly 122 in a like fashion.

This strain measurement instrument 124 is preferable also is that maybe this is inlayed on dull and stereotyped 139 at this glove bobsled 136 ' in the position, if when providing respectively, conveniently ties up combination in advance with cable.As in the 21st figure, showing, the flat board 139 of inlaying that preferably is passed in these strain measurement instrument 124 zones provides an opening 156, therefore the concrete that is used for this pile foundation enough forms around this strain measurement instrument 124, can collect correct data to guarantee strain measurement instrument 124.In the shown embodiment of the 23rd and the 24th figure, a similar opening 156 ' directly is provided among this glove bobsled 136 ' too.

Be used for this strain measurement instrument 124 and an electronics module 159 of this accelerometer also preferable be additional to this glove bobsled 136,136 ', as shown in the 22nd and the 24th figure.Substitute, this also can be positioned among this pile foundation external form 14 in addition.

This is inlayed dull and stereotyped 139 and is preferably formed by a kind of polymeric material, similarly is Lexan ^TMOr any other polymeric material that is fit to.126,128 of this top and below U type frameworks are preferably with metal rod, socket or other structure manufacturing, this fastener 132,134 is then preferably made by a kind of suitable metal material that is preferably steel, and sees through welding, riveted joint or other modes that is fit to and be connected to this top and below U type framework 126,128.This fastener 134 ' is then by a kind of made as spring steel discussed above or suitable resilient material.This glove bobsled 136,136 ' then preferable with a kind of similarly be that the suitable metal material of steel is made.

Using this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120,120 ' can similarly be a strain measurement instrument 124 and the simple fast setting of the relevant pile foundation rope strand 12 of sensors such as accelerometer assembly 122 with a kind of firm and mode repeatably, keep a kind of alignment accurately and location simultaneously, therefore this accelerometer is just vertical with the length direction that this is formed the pile foundation core, and be positioned among this core, and this strain measurement instrument 124 is extending axially, parallel with this length direction that is formed the pile foundation core, and be positioned among this core.This U type whippletree assembly 120,120 ' is the position that is designed to according to this rope strand, by pinpoint rope strand 12 in this pile foundation external form 14, the accurate mechanics registration of measuring instrument/sensor component on this bobsled 136 is provided, to guarantee the accurate of this measuring instrument/sensor component and can repeat setting that preferably the position is in the central authorities of this pile foundation core.

The 27th figure is presented at sensor 16 positions in this pile foundation 10, also shows the position of this antenna/multiple component units 60 and this antenna module 62.One single cable 170 extends in this top sensor 16 and this shell 61, to carry out the data transmission among this pile foundation 10.This sensor 16 preferably utilize this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120,120 ' or any other system that is fit to locate, to keep them between this rope strand 12.By on opposite side, placing an antenna, always it can receive a radio frequency signals from this pile foundation regardless of directivity.

The 28th figure shows an alternative advantageous configurations of the sensor and the signal transmission system of this pile foundation 10.One top sensor external member 16b, it preferably comprises an accelerometer assembly 122 and a strain measurement instrument 124, is that the position is in the position near this top.At least one antenna 18 be the position in the position that is close to this pile foundation top, and the preferable also position of another sensor external member 16a is at this pile foundation top or be close to the position at this pile foundation top.Also can show according to the top of this pile foundation size or top sensor external member 16a, 16b better position.Preferably, this top sensor external member 16b comprises a nonvolatile memory (NVRAM), has stored the related data that pile foundation life historical summary, measuring instrument correction data and other pile foundations are squeezed into.This can be included in this electronics module 159 or in addition and place.

This sensor external member 16a, 16b preferably comprise this U type whippletree suspention assembly 120, one of 120 ', keep this accelerometer assembly 122 and this strain measurement instrument 124 to provide, it must be placed among this pile foundation core, and this adjusting electronic device 159 also is the same.This U type whippletree suspention assembly 120,120 ' provides the faster simpler and easy function of inlaying of this sensor 16a, 16b, and reduces the time and the cost of combination.

In the shown preferred embodiment of the 28th figure, preferably a socket 230 made from plastic material extends between the electronics module shell 61 of this top sensor external member 16b and this antenna/multiple component units 60.This cable or the electric wire 231 that between this top sensor external member 16b and this electronics module shell 61, extend, just pass this socket 230 configurations, as shown in the 29th figure.

The 30th figure shows the structure drawing of device that does not comprise this pile foundation 10.One magnification region or be used for the reservoir 233 of an excessive electric wire or cable 231 then is close to or is positioned at the position of this top sensor external member 16b.This magnification region or reservoir 233 also can be positioned at the tail end of this socket 230 with a kind of ball-type form, and seal mutually with the electric wire or the cable 231 that extend towards this sensor external member 16b.This makes excessive electric wire or cable 231 to pull out from this chamber 231, relevant under the situation with excision after being provided with at these pile foundation 10 tops, so this accelerometer and this strain measurement instrument 122,124, comprise any other sensor and/or nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) that is positioned at this top sensor external member 16b and still can be connected to a networking monitoring node, carrying out continuous monitoring, this after will describe in detail in addition.In addition, also can access all be stored in the memory body and be used for this top sensor external member 16b sensor and regulate the data of electronic device 159.

Preferable, this socket 230 is to utilize cable to tie up or other suitable connectors loosely are banded in the rope strand 12 of these pile foundation 10 belows, as shown in the 28th and the 29th figure, therefore this socket 230 just roughly maintains among this position, but do not clamped fully, and this cable or electric wire 231 just can slide at this socket 230.

With reference to the 31st figure, show the structural diagrams of a pile foundation 10, it illustrates the common data backbone of this cable 170 or 231 forms.Preferable system general survey according to an embodiment of the invention, see through the wireless coupling device or a rigid connection of optical fiber, radio frequency, magnetic, be that (or combination) vertically top and top of concrete pipe base piled up at this in the position, it is registered as wireless set module 260.This can be provided as a kind of flush type receiver module at each pile foundation top end, and be provided as a flush type transmitter module at this top, move to this top from the top of a pile foundation and see through to connect a kind of in by pattern once rigid electric wire link or key common data money.Substitute, this wireless set module 260 can provide a kind of two-way data according to its application-specific.

Use this device, data can be by relay and transmission, squeezes into the relevant monitoring of a pile foundation at its top to come from pile foundation under the plane or to see through.This makes collects from the different information (data) of imbedding inductive module in this pile foundation, also can jointly be connected to this rigid electric wire backbone.Preferably, provide a kind of method of differentiating this data transmission source, for example, in this networking node, provide.

In addition, according to the present invention, can use a kind of special presentation mode, the electric power between the dependency structure with identical interface.A kind of internal power source will be provided for this just in case the automatic distribution when enough operating currents can't be provided.Owing to be somebody's turn to do (sometimes being far-out) operating position, the power source that is used for all structures also can comprise the use sun power that solar panels obtained.

In the selection, it may provide a kind of secondary backup Port, and it can be connected to auxiliary power source, similarly is in the situation of internal power source inefficacy, can be connected to a battery.In the situation that an inside information register, signal conditioner or transmitter lost efficacy, also can provide and see through the rigid electric wire backbone who in this xoncrete structure, imbeds, directly read the external plug of data with any other sensor or be connected from this accelerometer, strain measurement instrument, temperature-sensitive sticker, therefore in the situation of part thrashing, the data of still can collect in this xoncrete structure sensor and measuring instrument.

Preferably in another shell among this pile foundation, provide the induction data multiplex (MUX) of central authorities and the control that comprise radio interface electronic device, preferably have the access lid of position on this pile foundation surface at this shell 61 or position.

The identification of one pile foundation, preferable controls (MAC) address corresponding to radio address that is used for this transmitter or medium access, be and this data product, this correction data and sensor details, sensor configurations, gain, skew, measuring instrument coefficient, susceptibility, numbering, sequence number, dealer or the like, and the data of verification system quality control (QC) is stored among this memory body together.This initial information preferably is stored in the position and measures in the nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) of regulating electronic device on this top, and utilize in addition that to increase similarly be casting factory, overlooker's name/number, casting data, pile foundation casting position, nickname clay model group, concrete proportion, pile foundation length, diameter and the mode of relevant these pile foundation information processing such as other how much, temperature curve (following will the detailed description in detail) and/or preload strain, be added to during the pile foundation manufacturing in this memory body in teemer factory and office, these data that are recorded in the memory body can used after a while.The relevant historical summary that forms these pile foundations of any casting data or other can be noted down, therefore after squeeze in the process and render assistance to.This memory body preferably can be by the access of this pile foundation gaffer institute, before casting or in the follow-up casting, carrying out wireless test and/or inspection, with allow to obtain quality control (QC) with any before transportation and/or squeeze into the required reparation of this pile foundation.This casting inspector of factory also can import during squeezing into this pile foundation can be checked parameter by the key that access is promptly used.

All can use position antenna module 60,62 or above-mentioned other pattern antenna modules on this pile foundation from the data of this memory body, carry out access by the wireless radio frequency transmissions from this pile foundation.

In case be positioned at one the position is set, if obtainable, just might when squeezing into, charge among this memory body by global position determination system (GPS) location information for this pile foundation.This can link to a known soil property figure, squeezes into data checking/and or decision soil property (and utilize in this driven pile basis function soil investigation part) and/or revise this and squeeze into processing to use this.

By this strain measurement instrument 124 and accelerometer 122 collected strain and strength data during this pile foundation is squeezed into, can carry out radio frequency (RF) transmission by one of this antenna module 60,62, carry out dynamic monitoring in the process with complete the squeezing into during pile foundation is squeezed into.Therefore can be provided in critical absolute internal strain information during this driving for the relative strain that during driving, carries out external monitoring with the previously known method.The present invention can monitor this and actually determine correspondence just specifically, and uses this information to guarantee to squeeze into strength can not to surpass the degree of not wanting the tension force condition that produces in this pile foundation.This absolute pressure and tensile stress information preferably are used to provide the instant feedback of hammer or crane operation person, optionally to control the hammer energy and will squeeze into process optimization.This information also can be by repayment and is provided and can allow absolute strain to read feedback mode with scope, avoids excessively squeezing into and follow-up pile foundation failure.

This inspection of data, squeezing into data, any strike data again and this maximum stress also can be by record among this memory body.This data then can be corresponding to each pile foundation gained or tracking, and can utilize similar mode in this memory body, to engrave on or follow the trail of the peculiar time, with active read/write radio frequency (RF) identification (ID) label, it can receive and store data, also can data transmission.In addition, this squeeze into overlooker, civil engineering work overlooker and this pile foundation squeeze into the craneman also can be during squeezing into the data of this sensor unit electronic memory body of access, obtain relevant this pile foundation of checking and historical information thereof with inspection.All these pile foundation historical summaries will be coupled to this actual header of squeezing into data, and can squeeze into data with this and transfer in the pile foundation data bank, to carry out further life circulation and/or long term monitoring.Quality guarantee/quality control (QA/QC) has traceable and explicable ability.In addition, this data can be used for and following analysis and relatively connection, to predict the generation of losing efficacy or destroying.

Therefore, the circulation of the complete life of this pile foundation just is recorded among this nonvolatile memory (NVRAM), and can use this top-stitching 60,62 one of at least to see through radio frequency (RF) transmission and carry out access.In addition, in the situation of antenna failure, change if desired, this casing cover 64 also can be from the surperficial institute access of this pile foundation 10, to provide a kind of manual electronic to connect and/or to carry out battery or be used for driving the replacing of this sensor unit electronic device electronics module.

Preferably a kind of nonvolatile memory of this memory body (NVRAM), electronic type can remove the ROM that stylizes (EEPROM) or other can write optics or magnetic force media, and preferably by controller institute's access and control.May this memory body be a kind of memory body module of expansion also, be used for being connected with a kind of known radio frequency (RF) identification (ID) module.Preferably, this sensor unit electronic device comprises one and can catch about this relevant with other of this sensor data and be formed the nonvolatile memory (NVRAM) of pile foundation information.This is to be used for connecting this pile foundation life relative data that circulates.

According to the present invention, also may see through the inspection that this Concrete Structure Temperature or maintenance curve carry out this concrete strength and preparation.Many standards all describe this processing (ASTM C 1074) in detail.Also can utilize the mode that temperature-sensitive sticker is provided at this pile foundation core and its outer surface, the temperature maintenance curve is stored among this sensor unit electronic memory body.Suppose that this thermal curing temperature streamline is only from this pile foundation core radiation variation outwardly, and keeping definite value along this pile foundation length identical point place, this data just can utilize this core and surface temperature sensor institute accurately to follow the trail of, determining the differential temperature gradient in this pile foundation, and determine when this concrete reaches spendable intensity.

Also can use software to collect from the information of this sensor electronic device and data recorder, and according to similarly being casting gaffer, the inspector of factory, squeezing into the Different Rule that overlooker, ground jack operator or the like set up and present to the user.This system preferably sets each other and supports.For example, when surpassing specific operation (strain, stress, load or the like) scope, this civil engineering work overlooker can warn this pile foundation to squeeze into the overlooker with flag by initialization system.This also can offer ground jack operator or other user, guaranteeing to meet with the specific threshold of squeezing into, or carries out the notice of wrong flag.This system also can follow the trail of, calculate and the transmission strike according to a critical threshold.

In addition, utilization is sentenced the mode that a known distance is placed measuring instrument at this pile foundation top and top two, can utilize the related data feature, detect irregular velocity of wave, and be used for some predetermined situation of problem of comparison, similarly be overstrain, the wave reflection situation that is caused by material uncontinuities such as crack pile foundations.When detecting a this irregular or potential irregular data when producing, just can notify this operator.

In a preferred embodiment, this accelerometer is then relevant in check alternating current (AC) coupling or direct current (DC) skew servomotor, to offset the zero offset effect that generally exists in the piezoelectricity accelerometer.In piezoelectricity of the present invention (PE) accelerometer is used, have the peculiar condition of following known applications:

-this pile foundation is always set out in null speed.

-had total cycle time by the measurement incident less than 200 milliseconds.

-this pile foundation is always got back to null speed.

Because before quilt measurement incident, all equal zero with afterwards speed, and should under a kind of predetermined known time interval, be taken place by the measurement incident, alternating current (AC) coupling or the fixedly use of direct current (DC) skew, for this regulates accelerometer signal before data seizure work, near the common zero offset effect in piezoelectricity (PE) accelerometer (or wrong), utilize a kind of servomotor control feedback and control.This will provide the accelerometer data of better quality.

Use the present invention, the kind history of a pile foundation is squeezed into data with it can monitored and record.Though the present invention is concrete with reference to the accelerometer and the strain measurement instrument data that are captured during squeezing into, these are preferable data form, and other sensor form also can be used for catching and providing other forms of data, similarly be that a tip temperature sensor writes down temperature during squeezing into, or bottom and head temperature sensor are used for following the trail of the thermograde of this pile foundation.Also can use other sensor form.

Though preferably utilize long-life batteries to be connected with this sensor unit electronic device and memory body, other power source also may be provided, similarly be that vibrations cause electric current, sun power or other devices.In addition, the access that also can provide an additional external power to originate this internal power source of replacing.

According to the present invention, also may make the induction data multiplex (MUX) of central authorities and the control that comprise radio interface electronic device restore by this casing cover 64.Yet this sensor measuring instrument is kept the state of imbedding and can not restoring at last in this system.This will be further by providing the restoring means that re-uses the part system, reduces the cost of this system.

With reference now to the 32nd figure,, does not wherein excise at the top of this pile foundation 10, and this pile foundation 10 is the modes that are designed to by remove this radio module from the electronics module shell 61 of this antenna/multiple component units 60 according to the present invention, carries out long term monitoring.Then in this shell 61, be provided with one and change and external power networking monitoring node 314 ', and be connected to any top that gets/top measuring instrument cable or electric wire 231.

With reference now to the 33rd figure,, the pile foundation 10 after its demonstration is squeezed into, this pile foundation 10 have the pile foundation top that removes to an excision height according to application requirements.For the extra monitoring for the circulation of this pile foundation 10 life and its follow-up structure or base configuration is provided, and can access bit information in this top induction external member 16b memory body, this electric wire or cable 231 can be pulled out from this reservoir 233 after this pile foundation top excision, and can be correlated with to a connector or be connected to the cable of a networking monitoring node 314, it can be embedded in one and add a cover in the structure, or the position is near this pile foundation 10.This can utilize a kind of site technology to finish.In view of the above, if this pile foundation 10 is driven into and excises its top, and no matter whether this occurs in this top measuring instrument 16a below, always can expose socket 230 transversal section of containing this cable 231, as shown in the 33rd figure.

With reference now to the 34th and the 35th figure,, provides according to pile foundation life circulatory monitoring of the present invention.This can utilize the antenna/multiple component units of the pile foundation separately 60 renovation actions with networking monitoring node ability to finish.This provides a kind of method, is used to set up select sensor come into force pile foundation 10 and the local local-area network of the electric power of other sensors.As shown in the 35th figure, these renovation nodes or data port can be before this coagulation earth mulches 350 of casting, the position is among this electronics module shell 61, and comprise this pile foundation of self-configuration and form in the xoncrete structure of this transportation/construction basis and buildings the mechanism of all connection pile foundation nodes.This node or data port preferably use a kind of network communication agreement to engage.In addition, the electric power that is distributed to all measuring instrument/sensors by this system is also monitored.Substitute, this electrical distribution can be by relevant with the networking function.

According to the present invention, the construction personnel will utilize a kind of wired networking to fetch or increase existing pile foundation data port among this electronics module shell 61, position, and this wired networking provides the wired connection of electric power and data transmission.Increasing so far, the node at networking preferably carries out self-configuration and report in a kind of mode point-to-point or principal and subordinate's configuration.But this networking and/or electric wire provide redundancy and addressing capabilities, can obtain and/or accessible to guarantee that at least one connection pile foundation subclass is combined into.

The new networking pile foundation 10 of these formation bases can be connected to a bigger networking or a remote measurement cochain 312, similarly is General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), wired broadband, electric wire networking or the like, as shown in the 35th figure.

The historical life information of relevant each pile foundation 10 (comprise and dynamically arrange details/result) will be transmitted by this pile foundation 10 partly, and this top sensor external member 16b then provide long term monitoring now.

All from this device and be used for pile foundation 10 long term monitoring upload the remote measurement information, all be stored in a distal center storage, to inspect, to monitor and to report.

This system also provides the device that keeps the peculiar address information of a given radio, preferable will definitely discern (ID) by its logic link to this sensor address, or see through other synchronous or mapping devices, replace this radio identification (ID) with the backbone's identification (ID) that utilizes this replacement networking monitoring node 314

Present pile foundation sensor 122,125 connectivities that are connected to networking monitoring node 314 then utilize the low-power difference signal that is used for pile foundation 10 to reach.Though for radio and material interference bigger tolerance is arranged, uses a numerical digit signal structure can eliminate the possibility of any interference preferably, and carry out radio/monitoring module decoupling by this power change device transmitting function.According to the present invention, a numerical digit bus structures will be used for all at the employed sensor of this system.In this configuration:

-sensor details remains in this top sensor adjusting electronic device with proofreading and correct information, and this numerical digit bus-bar is carried the device of a kind of sensor correction of worker and sensor data and all nonvolatile memories (NVRAM) communication;

-one shares bus-bar then is used for making most measuring instruments can share identical entity wired backbone with most peculiar identification measuring instrument forms.

-one at a high speed then is used for handling data quantity from each measuring instrument with the bus-bar communications protocol of high electrical efficiency;

The measuring instrument that-one clever plug and play system then is used for making majority be used disposes identification and the self-configuration that can carry out robotization according to present measuring instrument;

-in the situation that must remove radio/monitoring module 60, setting/the correction of this measuring instrument is then kept by the electronic device with this top sensor 16b (similarly being nonvolatile memory (NVRAM)) with the life history of this pile foundation or is reflected, to be continued to use by this displacement networking monitoring module 314.

The present invention sees through this top measuring instrument data and the data that is stored in this adjusting electronic device nonvolatile memory (NVRAM), and the ability of long term monitoring is provided, and need not consider this final pile foundation configuration.Except this networking monitoring node 314 is enclosed to this lid 350, strain measurement instrument and other sensor also can be situated among this lid 350, and be used for the lid measuring instrument and be connected with the extra networking node of sensor.Also can be provided among the 35th figure shownly, for example, other similarly are the extra monitoring capability that is positioned at the structure of bridge pier on this lid 350 or roadbed etc. for monitoring.These extra monitoring capabilities can utilize to provide to have the node that the oneself adjusts the networking ability and carries out.Therefore, for a monitoring of giving all nodes in the fixed structure, can see through and use construction to be that this a kind of network topology that piles up of describing in detail on the basic pile foundation monitoring system carries out.This provides a kind of system or structure, wherein this pile foundation sensor has among other sensors are fixed in a lid, this lid is then among other sensors are fixed in bridge pier, this bridge pier then among other sensors are fixed in roadbed, see through a remote measurement cochain at last and is provided for the partial or complete integrated structure data of (comprising one or more element and/or other structural details mentioned).

With reference now to the 36th figure,, provides the improved device that is used to determine the pile foundation depth of penetration and the final load-bearing capacity of this pile foundation according to the present invention.Be used to determine the device of the pile foundation depth of penetration (with final ability) of a pile foundation at present, involve and manually on this pile foundation one side, to place mark, and an overlooker must be responsible for calculating this pile foundation and hangs down and hit (seeing through the piling counter) and note move/the running through by the situation of reference signs highly of these marks.This process need in squeezing into process completely the manual effort with involve.The present invention can see through stimulates the setting threshold that surpasses in this pile foundation inside, or the measuring signal instrument 122 that is received and resolve by a tracking/monitoring device, 124, carrying out automatically accurate hammering calculates, this tracking/monitoring device then similarly is pile foundation workstation (Pile Workstation, SPW) 320, this is that a kind of sensor and measuring instrument among this pile foundation 10 collected the central system controller of squeezing into data immediately, it can run through system engages with this highest induction pile foundation, follow the trail of and hit quantity (inner or outside), and utilization collected dynamic data during pile foundation is squeezed into calculates and the strike of per unit displacement synchronously, to link up information immediately, squeeze into and provide instant pile foundation load-bearing capacity data and control this with this overlooker.

The displacement of tracking pile foundation 10 according to the present invention also can be undertaken by one of other many methods.

In first method of complying with, laser radar " flight time formula charge-conduction measuring system (time offlight) " is correlated among the pile foundation workstation (SPW) 320 with the triangle notion.In this configuration, a laser radar system 322 at first the projection elevation to respect to the reference altitude of a vertical fixing pile foundation 10, to determine the leg-of-mutton adjacent side A in a right angle.This laser radar 322 then shifts a vertical fixing pile foundation face to leaning on the into reference point 324 at these pile foundation 10 tops, to determine the leg-of-mutton relevant hypotenuse C in this right angle.In these pile foundation 10 vertical heights more than reference altitude is according to determining apart from B from this reference altitude to this reference point 324, and this reference point 324 is positioned at the following known distance X in this top.The total length of known this pile foundation 10, and this dynamic calculation can simply be calculated at this pile foundation depth of penetration P below reference altitude apart from B and this distance X.The also simply change of Decision Height of change according to C.

Reference signs 324 at this place, pile foundation 10 tops will be used for promoting the vertical automatically of a vertical fixing pile foundation to follow the trail of, and (motor-driven servo motor control system) promotes oneself's alignment to adjust by this rotation radar head.Can use a kind of reflected ray or mapping object of falling back.

When this pile foundation was driven into, this radar system 322 will be for the moving down of this reference signs target, and carry out Continuous Compensation by the mode of this reference signs 324 of locking.Original instant calculating pile foundation height is provided to this system dynamics, or calculates data to the tracking monitor device of pile foundation depth of penetration P, among the pile foundation workstation (SPW) 320.This is used for this strike of calculating/record/tracking/move, so that complete automatic tracking to be provided with the strike quantity of being derived by this inside measuring instrument system.

Substitute, this radar is projected to a common ground at this place, pile foundation 10 tops, and it is included in this reference altitude place and obtains to place the possibility of this reference signs after the surperficial distance of vertical fixedly pile foundation (length) on this hammer or lid.This pile foundation depth of penetration utilization deducts the mode institute decision continuously that measures the pile foundation height more than this reference altitude (being determined by trigonometry) from this total pile foundation length L.Preferably use a vertical reset scanning system (in the situation of vertical extension pile foundation) to handle the height that shortens continuously.This system also may scan to the bottom from this pile foundation top, to determine this fixedly angle of pile foundation, is not vertically same with any reference altitude to this pile foundation, and then utilizes how much needed data of counting decision of known triangle.This also can be correlated with to pile foundation workstation (SPW) 320, and having replaced the overlooker needs entity to collect the situation that pile foundation is squeezed into data.This pile foundation workstation (SPW) 320 calculates or keeps the tracking of strike, and this data is run through the data synchronization for pile foundation, and then calculates the strike of each displacement according to this calculating pile foundation depth of penetration P.

Substitute, can use the flight time formula charge-conduction measuring system sensor on infrared ray basis, utilize the mode of thermal imagery, detecting and with reference to this hammer or similarly be predetermined point center on the pile foundation of this pile foundation cushion pad.In addition, use the 3-dimensional image induction and the rotation photographic system of pattern recognition also can be used for, and replace above referenced radar head as the target identification device.

Determining this to squeeze into second method of the pile foundation depth of penetration, is the use that sees through the barometric leveling instrument, as shown in the 37th figure.Two barometric leveling instrument 340,342 provide two both sides, and each all comprises air pressure and altitude.In general, when measuring height, the barometric leveling instrument can be after correction uses between short-term, and carries out regularly because weather pattern changes the zero output correction of the institute's air pressure that causes change.Some system can obtain information from global position determination system (GPS) satellite, finishes this action under known pressure difference.According to the present invention, (utilizing independent communication) inlays a numerical digit barometric leveling instrument on this pile foundation 10 or this hammer or this lid, and preferably utilizes removable mode to be embedded in this electronics module shell 61, and engages with one of this radio numerical digit channel.Then relatively inlaying altimeter 340 from this pile foundation or this hammer and be embedded in (or other known altitude) below this fixed reference height with another, similarly is the data difference that the barometric leveling instrument of this previous pile foundation degree of depth mark string is transmitted, and determines this height B.Measure the output difference of this altimeter 340,342, and from equation, remove effectively identical to or absolute pressure, and a pure difference local height or relative barometric pressure during being provided at this and squeezing into read.The preferable monitoring device 344 that utilizes is collected source book, and this monitoring device 344 is similar to mode described above with a kind of, receives the signal from two altimeters 340,342.This is highly then provided by this altimeter, or calculates in this pile foundation workstation (SPW) 320.Preferably, before using zero output tolerance mistake, proofread and correct this altimeter 340,342 earlier each other at the equal height place.Wireless or wired connection can be utilized and/or the pile foundation workstation (SPW) 320 of use radio/antenna module 60 can be directly utilized, this altimeter 340,342 and this monitoring device 344 are carried out communication, and 60 of this radio/antenna modules are used for this pile foundation according to its position and inlay altimeter 340 and separate wired or wireless the connection from one of this reference altitude altimeter 342.As long as can maintain this reference altitude, this bottom altimeter 342 can be situated in the position of leaving in place, working position pile foundation 10.

Though these method hypothesis pile foundations are squeezed into along the coaxial direction of gravity, for the situation of inclination pile foundation, also can correct and adjust through inclinator and trigonometry.For the pile foundation that generally has the carrying of high side direction, it squeezes into (inclination pile foundation) with the angle that is up to 45 ° usually.In this case, use and tilt should determine offset angle, the depth of penetration then utilizes known triangle geometric techniques to calculate.

Though preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, the present invention is not restricted to specific embodiment described above, and it is just as example.Other are revised and extension can to carry out the present invention, and all this modifications then are regarded as being positioned at by among the viewpoint of the present invention of adding claim.

Claims (27)

1. method that is used to form pile foundation, this pile foundation possesses wireless monitoring capability, it is characterized in that, and this method comprises:

In a pile foundation external form, put into rope strand;

Between this rope strand, insert a sensor external member, be positioned in the pile foundation nucleus with sensor with this sensor external member;

In this external form, put into antenna and at least one wireless radio transmission device relevant, make this antenna position on the both sides at least of the pile foundation at close this pile foundation top with this antenna;

Use electric wire or cable are connected to this sensor external member one of them of described antenna; And

Casting concrete in this pile foundation external form is to imbed this sensor external member and this antenna.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises: use the spring grip module to fix the position of this sensor external member, this assembly generally is vertically to insert in this pile foundation external form and the rope strand relative with at least two engagement.

3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises:

One spring supporting component is provided, this assembly have top connected to one another and below U type framework, position on this each framework with at least one fastener element of pile foundation rope strand engagement; And

One glove bobsled is used to hold one of them sensor that is connected to described U type framework.

4. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, also comprises:

Provide one to inlay flat board at this sensor; And

This sensor is attached to this inlays flat board, and this is inlayed flat board be attached to this glove bobsled.

5. method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, one of them of described fastener element is individual to be formed by spring material.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, this sensor comprises an at least one rope strand surveying instrument and an accelerometer.

7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, this sensor external member comprises first and second sensor external member, and this method also comprises:

This first sensor external member is positioned near in the position on formed pile foundation top; And

This second sensor external member is positioned over top near formed pile foundation, and both sensor external members all are connected to one of them of described antenna.

8. method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises:

One pipe fitting is placed on this first sensor external member and this pile foundation top described antenna one of them between;

Top end at this pipe fitting provides an excessive electric wire or cable reservoir; And

Excessive electric wire or the cable that can pull out from this reservoir are provided in this reservoir.

9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the adjusting electronic device that provides relevant with this sensor external member.

10. one kind is used for the antenna module that the xoncrete structure washing is provided with, and it is characterized in that this assembly comprises:

Have length and be at least an antenna of λ/4;

Reverberator with at least one wall, this wall position be at a distance of the position of the about λ of this antenna/4 to λ/6, depression that is used to place this antenna of this reverberator formation; And

Be covered in a flat cover of this reverberator and this antenna top.

11. antenna module as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, this reverberator has two inclined walls, and it is positioned at each other apart from about 90 ° to 120 ° position, the afterbody cover then the position at the relative openend of this wall to define this depression;

Extend through a hollow pipe fitting of the opening in this afterbody cover, be positioned at a cover cap of an end of this hollow pipe fitting, and this antenna extends to this hollow pipe fitting from the other end;

One plug, it centers on an end of this antenna, and this antenna is sealed in this hollow pipe fitting and the electronic shell;

This shell has a removable lid; And

This flat cover and this casing cover extend in the common plane and extend, and this common plane is positioned at a surface of this xoncrete structure.

12. antenna module as claimed in claim 11 is characterized in that, also comprises a foam spacer, its be looped around this casing cover around and a neighbouring part of this shell side.

13. antenna module as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, this antenna can move to an expanded position by the favorite places from this depression, and wherein this antenna stretches out from this depression.

14. antenna module as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises the foam block of the antenna that is used for supporting this depression.

15. a suspention assembly, it is used at least one sensor is positioned between the rope strand of an xoncrete structure, and this assembly comprises;

First and second U type framework connected to one another;

The position is on each described U type framework and at least one fastener respect to one another, and it is used to mesh the relative reinforcing rope strand or the whippletree of an xoncrete structure; And

Be attached to a rack slidably of this framework, be used to support at least one surveying instrument.

16. suspention assembly as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, one of them of described fastener is individual to be formed by spring material.

17. suspention assembly as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, this first and second U type framework is because resilient bias each other; And

Central authorities' spring extends this slidably between rack and this framework, with this slidably rack be placed on the central authorities of this U type framework, this slidably rack comprise providing of sensor be provided.

18. suspention assembly as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, also comprises:

One first opening with at least two relative V-type sidewalls is used for registering the position at this one first an induction shell or connected elbow-board of rack slidably; And

One second opening that is used for one second sensor, it is defined in this slidably rack or be connected in the elbow-board with it.

19. a method that is used to monitor pile foundation is characterized in that, comprising:

One sensor external member is inserted between the rope strand or stiffener in the pile foundation external form, sensor is positioned in the nucleus of a pile foundation;

This pile foundation of casting;

Squeeze into this pile foundation, and during squeezing into, obtain data from this sensor external member; And

During squeezing into, obtain at least one monitoring materials from this sensor external member, and during squeezing into the monitoring and use this data, to adjust the parameter of squeezing into of this pile foundation.

20. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, also comprises:

The networking monitoring node that utilization is connected to this sensor external member renovates this pile foundation;

The mode that chains a sensor external member address identification via logic keeps the peculiar address information of a known pile foundation; And

This node is connected to an outside lock road, to carry out the data transmission of long term monitoring.

21. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, also comprises: with the memory body of pile foundation data storage in this pile foundation.

22. method as claimed in claim 19, it is characterized in that, also comprise: the pile foundation at have the excision top after squeezing into, further excessive electric wire or cable to a top electric wire or cable reservoir from an electric wire reservoir, so that a summit sensor external member is connected to this networking monitoring node.

23. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, also comprises:

Provide a global place system at this pile foundation place;

Obtain the position of this pile foundation; And

Obtain to use the soil property of this place system position, whole world.

24. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, also comprises:

Provide a temperature-sensitive sticker with this sensor external member; And

The maintenance situation of this pile foundation is monitored in use from the Temperature Datum of this sensor external member.

25. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, also comprises:

In this pile foundation, place one radio/antenna module; And

From this pile foundation data transmission.

26. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, also comprises:

In this pile foundation, provide one can rewrite memory body; And

Can rewrite storage and renovation data in the memory body at this.

27. one kind is used for following the trail of the method that pile foundation is squeezed into data automatically, it is characterized in that, comprising:

Follow the trail of the quantity of strike by the data of being transmitted from a sensor external member, the sensor external member in this pile foundation comprises an at least one accelerometer and a strain measuring instrument;

Utilize a laser radar of following the trail of reference signs on this pile foundation top, or, follow the trail of the above pile foundation height of this reference altitude by the air pressure difference of position between this a pile foundation top altimeter and a reference altitude.

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