CN101000267A - Parallel distribution optical fibre raster temp. sensing method and its system - Google Patents
Parallel distribution optical fibre raster temp. sensing method and its system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101000267A CN101000267A CN200610170216.8A CN200610170216A CN101000267A CN 101000267 A CN101000267 A CN 101000267A CN 200610170216 A CN200610170216 A CN 200610170216A CN 101000267 A CN101000267 A CN 101000267A
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Abstract
The invention relates to full parallel distributing type optical fiber grating temperature sensing method and its system. The method includes the following steps: processing high speed modulation for the wide band light source to form pulse sequence with certain width and duty ratio; adopting parallel connection for the sensor each of which is corresponding with different time delay optical fiber; making the pulse light source signal enter into the sensor array by splitter; making each reflected light signal of the sensor enter into photo-electricity detecting unit by one and the same fiber coupler or optical circulator; receiving a series of pulsing signals in one light source modulating cycle each of which is corresponding with one sensor; gaining light signal center wavelength information by a special filter; detecting each of them to gain corresponding sensor temperature information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the temperature survey field, mainly be meant a kind of parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature sensing method and system thereof that utilizes sensed light signal wavelength variations monitoring of environmental temperature variation.
Background technology
The safety of electric system and maintenance always are the major issues of the international people's livelihood of a n-th-trem relation n.According to the analysis to a large amount of electric power accidents, 90% above accident all is a device junction or contact temperature is too high causes.The fire of overheated initiation causes large tracts of land factory building scaling loss and by forced-stopping machine, country is therefore annual to lose tens00000000 yuan.But, at present the power equipment temperature detection is also lacked effective means owing to reasons such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) and humidities.
In existing related techniques, adopt wireless mode to realize transmission, the reception of temperature measurement data in the patented claim of publication number CN2599554Y; Adopt the photoelectricity isolation method to realize the conversion and the transmission of temperature signal in the patented claim of publication number CN2599547Y; Adopt the online temperature detection that realizes a plurality of measuring points entirely with the mode of optical fiber grating serial connection in the patented claim of publication number CN1363828A; Patent 200510021118.3 adopts twin-stage Er-doped fiber and two-way Raman structure for amplifying, and the mode of the fiber grating serial connection of different centre wavelengths is realized quasi-distributed fiber temperature sensing system; Patent 200410075518.8 adopts the mode of different centre wavelength fiber grating series connection, encoded in the centre wavelength of sensor and its infield or Position Number simultaneously, the calculated address coding schedule, according to the catoptrical centre wavelength of each fiber-optic grating sensor and with the logic corresponding relation of geocoding table, judge the actual motion temperature or the temperature rise of each high voltage electric power equip ment joint.
The patented claim of publication number CN2599554Y is subject to electromagnetic interference effect in signals transmission, the system reliability deficiency; The patented claim of publication number CN2599547Y is introduced in sensor side needs battery powered photo-translating system, must regularly replace battery, simultaneously the explosion-proof performance deficiency; The patented claim of publication number CN1363828A is owing to adopt the mode that is connected in series with the optical fiber grating entirely, can't accurately differentiate the transducing signal that each fiber grating returns, the check point that whether has temperature anomaly on each fiber grating string can only be judged, and each check point temperature value accurately can't be obtained; Patent 200510021118.3 and 200410075518.8 adopts the mode of the fiber grating serial connection of different centre wavelengths, though can realize simultaneously the real time temperature of a plurality of check points being measured, and the signal transmission is anti-interference, a plurality of grating sensors but it is connected on single channel optical fiber with different centre wavelengths, the sensor number that can be connected in series on the single channel optical fiber is subjected to the restriction of width of light source and temperature-measuring range; On the other hand, series connection must adopt the sensor two ends to draw the mode of optical fiber, and the bending of optical fiber must be greater than certain bending radius, but since near the electric system temperature point installing space narrow and small, make the fiber-optic grating sensor that adopts series system that difficulty is installed; Simultaneously the fiber-optic grating sensor of different centre wavelengths can't exchange, and does not have consistance, and this causes Operating Complexity in using of processing, calibration and user and expensive.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature sensing method and system thereof, by adopting multidiameter delay fiber arrangement sensing network, can directly touch the surface of charged object to be measured and directly detect its temperature value, can monitor the temperature variation of a plurality of measuring points simultaneously, and can accurately differentiate the temperature of each check point, overcome the deficiency that prior art exists.
Realize that method of the present invention is: this method based on the fiber grating temperature sensor technology comprises:
By wideband light source is carried out High Speed Modulation, modulation of source is become the pulse train of certain pulsewidth and dutycycle;
Adopt parallel way with fiber-optic grating sensor entirely, the time delay optical fiber that each fiber-optic grating sensor is corresponding different;
The light-pulse generator signal enters entirely with the fiber-optic grating sensor array through shunt, and the reflected light signal of each sensor enters the photodetection unit via same fiber coupler or optical circulator;
The photodetection unit receives the series of pulses signal a modulation of source in the cycle, the corresponding fiber-optic grating sensor of each pulse signal;
Obtain light signal center wavelength information in the photodetection unit by a rectangular window; System obtains the temperature information of respective sensor by the detection to the centre wavelength of each light pulse of receiving.
This method also comprises:
Described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor adopts single-ended fiber mode, a plurality of entirely with fiber-optic grating sensor by an optical branching device parallel connection.
Shared cover light source, fiber coupler or an optical circulator and the photodetection unit of all fiber-optic grating sensors.
By introduce photoswitch between fiber coupler or optical circulator and optical branching device, each one of passage correspondence of photoswitch is above-mentioned entirely with optical fiber grating temperature sensor array, realizes that in each interchannel switching the multiple spot of sensor detects by photoswitch.
Realize that system of the present invention is: provide a kind of parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature-sensing system, this system comprises super-radiance light emitting diode (SLD), Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA), fiber optical circulator, photoswitch, fiber coupler, fibre delay line, fiber-optic grating sensor, photodetection assembly, master control processing unit, and wherein the SLD output optical fibre connects with circulator a port; Circulator port b links to each other with the public input port of photoswitch; The same fiber coupler of each delivery outlet of photoswitch links to each other; Each branch of fiber coupler is connected to fibre delay line, and links to each other with fiber-optic grating sensor; Circulator port c links to each other with optical filter; The output light signal of the optical filter probe assembly of sharing the same light links to each other; The same SLD of main control unit, photoswitch, photodetection assembly link to each other.
This system also comprises:
Described SLD is for having the 40nm bandwidth, the wideband light source that the wavelength coverage C-band can be modulated.
Described EDFA is for having the fiber amplifier of gain to the input light of C-band.
Described master control processing unit comprises differential amplifier, A/D conversion, sampling and signal processor.
Utilize this temperature-sensing system to the method that power equipment carries out temperature monitoring or monitoring, comprise
By fibre delay line, utilize fiber coupler and array of photoswitch to carry out parallel connection each fiber-optic grating sensor;
The fiber grating of each point for measuring temperature has identical centre wavelength and identical reflection bandwidth;
Each point for measuring temperature fiber grating is connected to the fibre delay line of different length;
The infield or the position of each fiber-optic grating sensor are numbered, and the calculated address coding schedule is stored in the master control processing unit;
Fiber grating monitoring system is monitored each monitoring point temperature;
The fiber grating reflected light receives post-sampling by the photodetection assembly and send the master control processing unit to carry out the wavelength discriminating, extracts temperature information.
This invention also comprises:
After extracting the temperature information in each fiber grating probe, described master control processing unit is numbered and comprises the subsequent treatment of demonstration, warning, control.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has:
1) adopt multidiameter delay optical fiber to lay sensing network, sensor adopts single-ended fiber mode, and sensing network is laid and not limited by space factor.
2) all the sensors all adopts same batch of grating with identical central wavelength, and grating has good consistance and interchangeability, effectively reduces product test and working service cost.
3) adopt multistage full time division multiplex network structure in parallel, so measure dot number is many, measurement range is big, can discern the temperature of different points for measuring temperature.
4) adopt fiber-optic grating sensor to monitor the temperature of high voltage electric power equip ment to joint, probe size is small, use optical fiber transmission signal, therefore can directly touch the surface of prediction charged object, and continuous, online detected temperatures, have high-insulativity, advantage such as anti-interference, anticorrosive, explosion-proof, be particularly suitable for using under the rugged surroundings such as inflammable, explosive and strong-electromagnetic field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is light path of the present invention, circuit structure block scheme.
Fig. 2 is the two-way output transition function of the optical filter of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the master control processing unit functional block diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a signal timing diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure: the 1 SLD light source that can modulate, 2 EDFA, 3 fiber couplers or optical circulator, 4 photoswitches, 5 optical fiber splitters, 6 fibre delay line groups, 7 fiber-optic grating sensors, 8 special optical wave filters, 9 photodetections and main control unit.
Carry out after intensity amplifies through EDFA through the SLD light source of intensity modulation output light signal, enter photoswitch via the A-＞B port of fiber coupler or optical circulator.Each output channel of photoswitch links to each other with one group of optical fiber splitter, fibre delay line and fiber-optic grating sensor array.Light signal is through demultiplexing behind the optical fiber splitter, arrive fiber-optic grating sensor behind the fibre delay line via different length, the reflected light signal of fiber-optic grating sensor has carried the temperature information of check point and has returned along original optical path, enters the special optical wave filter at fiber coupler or optical circulator place via B-＞C port.Different fiber grating sensor reflected light signal is owing to the fiber lengths difference of process, and there is certain difference in the time that arrives optical filter.The two-way output light signal of special optical wave filter becomes electric signal by the photodetection module converts, obtain and sensor sequences of pulsed signals one to one, finally in main control unit, finish signals collecting, logic determines, data processing, obtain the temperature information of each fiber-optic grating sensor.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, SLD sends the C-band spectral width and amplifies back input circulator A port for the 40nm light signal through EDFA, circulator causes the public input port of photoswitch by B port output light signal, photoswitch switches to different output ports to input signal, be connected to fiber coupler on each output port, fiber coupler divides equally input optical signal to each output branch, and each optical signals fibre delay line group of exporting branch's output reflects via fiber-optic grating sensor (FBG) through time-delay time step by step.The FBG reflected signal is merged by fiber coupler after via the fibre delay line group again, is input to optical filter from circulator C port behind array of photoswitch, circulator.Optical filter has transition function shown in Figure 2.Optical filter output optical signals master control processing unit carries out signal Processing.
As shown in Figure 3, the master control processing unit is exported PIN and is carried out integration after electric signal is asked difference, and integrated signal is supplied to extract temperature information by AD conversion back.The interpolation logic is accepted A/D output digital signal, and adds that the FBG numbering carries out interpolation and obtain temperature information.Calibration logic is calibrated by instruction control.Steering logic is sent the each several part control signal, and promptly SLD drive signal, Switch switching signal, integrator replacement, A/D trigger.
1) main control unit: main control unit is finished system initialization, and carries out flow process control.
2) condition monitoring: condition monitoring is monitored the system state function, and display working condition.Duty is divided into: initialization, thermometric, mistake, calibration.
3) calibration logic: calibration logic is accepted RS232 input temp vector, will write FLASH ROM after the combination of A/D output valve this moment.
4) interpolation logic: the interpolation logic is utilized the temperature information of AD output signal and FLASH ROM storage to carry out obtaining temperature information after the interpolation and is sent by RS232.Adopt 5 Lagrange interpolation algorithms.
5) RS232 communication: RS232 is responsible for PERCOM peripheral communication.
6) steering logic: the sequential of steering logic control SLD, photoswitch and detector sampling.Institute's signal sequence that sends as shown in Figure 4.
After light source sends the wide range signal, be sent to different FBG sensing probes by photoswitch and fiber coupler.Each sensing probe is to adopt the same parameter FBG with interchangeability, its reflection spectrum width 0.2nm, reflectivity 99%.By photoswitch need not switch time-delay step by step with the fibre delay line group simultaneously, different FBG reflected signals obtain separating on sequential.Therefore, the master control processing unit can be stored in the source of the number information differentiation signal in the internal memory according to the difference combination of time of reception.FBG is one section optical fiber with periodic index of refraction variation, and it can reflect the light signal of specific centre wavelength.FBG reflection kernel wavelength is because strain, effect such as expand with heat and contract with cold are linear change with temperature.Therefore the master control processing unit can be differentiated the temperature information of variant monitoring point, and can carry out subsequent treatment (as warning, record etc.) as requested on software.
Gordian technique of the present invention:
1. light source of the present invention is made up of the SLD light source and the EDFA that can modulate.By main control unit the output light signal of SLD light source is modulated into the pulse signal with certain pulsewidth and cycle on time domain, pulse signal carries out intensity via EDFA and amplifies.The width of pulse signal and cycle are by the sampling rate decision of the length difference and the main control unit of the multiplexing number of fiber-optic grating sensor, adjacent two sensor time delay optical fiber.
2. fiber-optic grating sensor of the present invention has identical centre wavelength and identical spectra characteristic, a plurality of fiber-optic grating sensors adopt mode in parallel to be connected to an output terminal on the optical fiber splitter, introduce the time delay optical fiber of different length between each fiber-optic grating sensor and the optical fiber splitter.
3. the present invention is connected the input end of a plurality of optical fiber splitters with the output terminal of photoswitch, by the communication passage of switches light switch, realizes the temperature detection of a cover monitoring system to a plurality of fiber-optic grating sensors.(suppose that optical fiber splitter has M output port, photoswitch has N passage, and a cover system can be realized the temperature detection to M * N fiber-optic grating sensor).
4. the present invention adopts time division multiplexing mode, utilizes a special optical wave filter to realize the wavelength of a plurality of fiber-optic grating sensors is detected, and need not introduce a special optical wave filter to each fiber-optic grating sensor.
5. the present invention's rising edge of utilizing sensor to return pulse signal triggers sampling, need not use outside trigger pip.
The prior art that relates to:
1. adopt wideband light source.
2. adopt fiber-optical grating temperature sensor, utilize fiber grating reflectance spectrum centre wavelength to realize temperature detection with the characteristic of variation of ambient temperature.
3. adopt the special optical wave filter, utilize the strength difference of two output port light signals of special optical wave filter, realize that the centre wavelength of fiber-optic grating sensor detects.
4. adopt driving, control, logic determines, data processing and the PERCOM peripheral communication of centralized control unit realization to whole system for detecting temperature.
Explain: 1, " at a high speed " in " High Speed Modulation " is a relative concept, and for the present invention corresponding to more than the MHz, and the difference in length of this modulation rate and adjacent two sensor time delay optical fiber, total sensor number are relevant; More little, the total sensor number of the difference in length of adjacent two sensor time delay optical fiber is many more, and required modulation rate is high more.2, it is identical with top situation " to be modulated into certain pulsewidth and dutycycle ", and pulsewidth and dutycycle also are relevant with the difference in length of adjacent two sensor time delay optical fiber and total sensor number; More little, the total sensor number of the difference in length of adjacent two sensor time delay optical fiber is many more, and pulsewidth is narrow more, and dutycycle is more little.
Illustrate: because the present invention adopts time-division multiplex technology, each point for measuring temperature occupies different time slots in signal, so each FBG probe can adopt full same parameter, and need not to be connected on the optical fiber.So not only can monitor the temperature of a plurality of monitoring points simultaneously, also can distinguish the temperature information of different monitoring points.And the employing of full parallel organization makes each probe structurally independent fully, so each monitoring point can flexible arrangement.The employing of twin-stage parallel-connection structure can be supported numerous thermometric networks.These make that system for detecting temperature provided by the present invention has that average unit cost is low, wiring requirements such as thermometric, reliability height, anti-interference, corrosion-resistant, anti-riot ability be strong flexibly, in real time.
The present invention can be widely used in the temperature online monitoring of all kinds of complex environments, as association areas such as high-voltage switch gear, Transformer Winding, boiler, tunnel etc. and aviation, medical treatment, chemical industry, building and military affairs.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature sensing method is characterized in that described method comprises
A. by wideband light source is carried out High Speed Modulation, modulation of source is become the pulse train of certain pulsewidth and dutycycle;
B. adopt parallel way with fiber-optic grating sensor entirely, the time delay optical fiber that each fiber-optic grating sensor is corresponding different;
C. the light-pulse generator signal enters entirely with the fiber-optic grating sensor array through shunt, and the reflected light signal of each sensor enters the photodetection unit via same fiber coupler or optical circulator;
D. the photodetection unit receives the series of pulses signal a modulation of source in the cycle, the corresponding fiber-optic grating sensor of each pulse signal;
E. obtain light signal center wavelength information in the photodetection unit by a rectangular window; System obtains the temperature information of respective sensor by the detection to the centre wavelength of each light pulse of receiving.
2, parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature sensing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described fiber-optical grating temperature sensor adopts single-ended fiber mode, a plurality of entirely with fiber-optic grating sensor by an optical branching device parallel connection.
3, parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature sensing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that shared cover light source, fiber coupler or an optical circulator and the photodetection unit of all fiber-optic grating sensors.
4, parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature sensing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that by between fiber coupler or optical circulator and optical branching device, introducing photoswitch, each one of passage correspondence of photoswitch is above-mentioned entirely with optical fiber grating temperature sensor array, realizes that in each interchannel switching the multiple spot of sensor detects by photoswitch.
5, realize the system of parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature sensing method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that described system comprises super-radiance light emitting diode (SLD), Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (EDFA), fiber optical circulator, photoswitch, fiber coupler, fibre delay line, optical fiber, fiber-optic grating sensor, photodetection assembly, master control processing unit, wherein SLD output light connects with circulator a port; Circulator port b links to each other with the public input port of photoswitch; The same fiber coupler of each delivery outlet of photoswitch links to each other; Each branch of fiber coupler is connected to fibre delay line, and links to each other with fiber-optic grating sensor; Circulator port c links to each other with optical filter; The output light signal of the optical filter probe assembly of sharing the same light links to each other; The same SLD of main control unit, photoswitch, photodetection assembly link to each other.
6, parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature-sensing system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described SLD is for having 40nm, the wideband light source that the wavelength coverage C-band can be modulated.
7, parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature-sensing system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described EDFA is for having the fiber amplifier of gain to the input light of C-band.
8, parallel distribution optical fibre raster temperature-sensing system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that described master control processing unit comprises differential amplifier, A/D conversion, sampling and signal processor.
9, a kind of method that power equipment is carried out temperature monitoring or monitoring is characterized in that described method comprises:
A. each fiber-optic grating sensor is passed through optical fiber, utilize fiber coupler and array of photoswitch to carry out parallel connection;
B. the fiber grating of each point for measuring temperature has identical centre wavelength and identical reflection bandwidth;
C. each point for measuring temperature fiber grating is connected to the fibre delay line of different length;
D. infield or the position with each fiber-optic grating sensor is numbered, and the calculated address coding schedule is stored in the master control processing unit;
E. fiber grating monitoring system is monitored each monitoring point temperature;
F. the fiber grating reflected light receives post-sampling by the photodetection assembly and send the master control processing unit to carry out wavelength to differentiate, extract temperature information.
10, the method that power equipment is carried out temperature monitoring or monitoring as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that being numbered after described master control processing unit extracts the temperature information in each fiber grating probe and comprises demonstrations, warning, the subsequent treatment of controlling.
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