CN100998495B - Fundus observation device - Google Patents
Fundus observation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN100998495B CN100998495B CN2007100009241A CN200710000924A CN100998495B CN 100998495 B CN100998495 B CN 100998495B CN 2007100009241 A CN2007100009241 A CN 2007100009241A CN 200710000924 A CN200710000924 A CN 200710000924A CN 100998495 B CN100998495 B CN 100998495B
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Abstract
A fundus observation device which can simultaneously capture both surface images and tomographic images of the fundus oculi is provided. The fundus observation device (1) has a fundus camera unit (1A), an OCT unit (150), and an arithmetic and control unit (200). The fundus camera unit (1A) has an illuminating optical system (100) and an imaging optical system (120). The arithmetic and control unit (200) forms the surface image of fundus oculi Ef based on signals from fundus camera unit (1A). The OCT unit (150) divides low coherence light LO into the signal light LS and the reference light LR, and detects the interference light LC that can be obtained from the signal light LS passing through fundus oculi Ef and the reference light LR passing through reference mirror (174). The arithmetic and control unit (200) forms tomographic images of fundus oculi Ef based on these detecting results. A Dichroic mirror (134) combines the optical path of the signal light LS toward fundus oculi Ef into the optical path for imaging of the imaging optical system (120), and separates the optical path of the signal light LS towards fundus oculi Ef from the optical path for imaging.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about being used to observe the eyeground observing device of the optical fundus state of being examined eye.
Background technology
As eyeground observing device, fundus camera has been widely used since previous.Fig. 9 representes an example of the surface structure of previous common fundus camera, and an example that is located at optical system structure wherein in Figure 10 representes (for example, is opened the 2004-350849 communique with reference to Japanese Patent Laid.)。In addition, so-called " observation " comprises the situation (in addition, also can comprise the fundus observation that carries out through naked eyes) of the photographic images of observing the optical fundus at least.
At first, with reference to Figure 10, the surface structure of previous fundus camera 1000 is described.This fundus camera 1000 possesses stand 3, and this stand 3 is being equipped on the pedestal 2 in the mode that front and back left and right directions (horizontal direction) slides.On this stand 3, be provided with guidance panel and the control stick 4 of examiner in order to carry out various operations.
The examiner is through controling bar 4, and can make stand 3 on pedestal 2, carry out three-dimensional moving freely.At the top of control stick 4, dispose and require to carry out the optical fundus when taking and the action button 4a that presses.
Uprightly on pedestal 2 be provided with pillar 5, and on this pillar 5, be provided with the jaw holder 6 that is used for carrying the jaw portion of putting those who are investigated, and as being examined an external sight of the light source that the E sight line is fixedly looked and fixedly look lamp 7 in order to send to make.
On stand 3, the various optical systems that are equipped with ccontaining storage fundus camera 1000 with or the body 8 of control system.In addition, control system can be located in inside of pedestal 2 or stand 3 etc., also can be located in the external device (ED) of computer of being connected in fundus camera 1000 etc.
Body 8 receive an inspection eye E side (left of the paper of Fig. 9 to), be provided with and examined an E relatively to and the objection lens portion 8A of configuration.Again, at this side of examiner of body 8 (paper of Fig. 9 right-hand to), being provided with detects by an unaided eye examined an E the 8b of eyepiece portion on optical fundus.
And body 8 is provided with: examined a still camera on E optical fundus 9 in order to shooting; And in order to the rest image on shooting optical fundus or the camera heads such as television camera 10 of dynamic image.Still camera 9 and camera head 10 can be installed or break away from body 8.
Still camera 9; According to the purpose of inspection or the various conditions such as store method of photographic images; Can suitably use and be equipped with CCD (Charge Coupled Device; Charge-coupled image sensor) or digital camera (digital camera) of CMOS camera assemblies such as (Complementary Metal Oxide Semicondutor, complementary metal oxide semiconductor), film camera (film camera), Polaroid camera (instant camera) etc.Be provided with installation portion 8c at body 8, this installation portion 8c is used for removable mode such still camera 9 being installed.
Rest image camera 9 or camera head 10 are the occasion of digital vedio recording mode, can be with the image data of the eye fundus image of those photographies, be sent to the computer that is connected with fundus camera 1000 etc., and on display, show and observe eye fundus image.Again, can view data be sent to the image recording structure that is connected with fundus camera 1000, and data base system, can be used for as the electronic data of making electronic health record.
In addition, the examiner at body 8 is provided with touch screen 11.Show the fundus image of being examined an E of making on this touch screen 11 according to from the picture signal of (digital form) still camera 9 or camera head 10 outputs.And, on touch screen 11, overlapping being presented on the fundus image of xy coordinate system that to make with its picture central authorities be initial point.When the examiner touches desired position on picture, show the coordinate figure corresponding with this touch location.
Then, with reference to Figure 10, explain that the structure of the optical system of fundus camera 1000 is carried out.Be provided with in the fundus camera 1000: the lamp optical system 100 that illuminates the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E; And with the photographing optical system 120 of the fundus reflex light of this illumination light guiding to the 8b of eyepiece portion, still camera 9, camera head 10.
Lamp optical system 100 comprises observes light source 101, condenser lens 102, photographic light sources 103, condenser lens 104, exciter filter 105 and 106, annular light-passing board 107, eyeglass 108, liquid crystal display 109, illumination aperture 110, relay lens 111, perforate eyeglass 112, object lens 113 and constitutes.
Observe light source 101, for example constitute, send and observe the fixed light (continuous light) that the optical fundus is used with Halogen light.Condenser lens 102 be in order to will observing fixed light (observation illumination light) optically focused that light source sends, and make this observation illumination light roughly shine the optical module of being examined the optical fundus equably.
Exciter filter the 105, the 106th, employed optical filter when the fundus image of optical fundus Ef being carried out the fluorescence shooting.Exciter filter 105,106 can be arranged on the light path through solenoid driving mechanisms such as (solenoid) (not shown) respectively with plugging.Exciter filter 105 is configured on the light path when FAG (fluorescein fluoroscopic visualization) takes.On the other hand, exciter filter 106 is configured on the light path when ICG (Fox Green fluoroscopic visualization) takes.In addition, when carrying out the colour shooting, exciter filter 105,106 together withdraws from from light path.
Annular light-passing board 107 possesses annular transmittance section 107a, and this annular transmittance section 107a is configured in and is examined on the conjugated position of pupil of an E, and is the center with the optical axis of lamp optical system 100.The illumination light that eyeglass 108 is sent observation light source 101 or photographic light sources 103 is to the optical axis direction reflection of photographing optical system 120.Liquid crystal display 109 shows in order to the fixing mark of the fixed sight line of the sight line of being examined an E (not shown).
Lamp optical system 100 with such structure is to illuminate optical fundus Ef with form described below.At first, when observing the optical fundus, light and observe light source 101, illumination light is observed in output.This observation illumination light is shone annular light-passing board 107 through condenser lens 102,104, (exciter filter 105,106 withdraw from from light path) at this moment.The light of annular transmittance section 107a through annular light-passing board 107 is by 108 reflections of eyeglass, and through liquid crystal display 109, illumination aperture 110 and relay lens 111, and by 112 reflections of perforate eyeglass.Undertaken by the observation illumination light of perforate eyeglass 112 reflection optical axis direction, focus on and inject and receive an inspection eye E, illuminate optical fundus Ef through object lens 113 along photographing optical system 120.
At this moment, owing on the conjugated position of pupil that annular light-passing board 107 was configured in and was examined an E, therefore on pupil, form the ring-type picture of injecting the observation illumination light of being examined an E.Observe the fundus reflex light of illumination light, penetrate from receiving to examine an eye E through the dark portion in center of the annular picture on the pupil.So, can prevent to inject the observation illumination light of being examined an E, to the influence of fundus reflex light.
On the other hand, when taking optical fundus Ef, photographic light sources 103 glistens, and the shooting illumination light shines optical fundus Ef through same path.When carrying out fluorescence when taking, take or carry out ICG and take according to carrying out FAG, and exciter filter 105 or 106 optionally is configured on the light path.
Secondly; Photographing optical system 120 is described, photographing optical system 120 comprises object lens 113, perforate eyeglass 112 (the 112a of hole portion), takes aperture 121, barrier filter 122 and 123, variable power lens 124, relay lens 125, capture lens 126, restore reflecting optics (quick returnmirror) 127 and take medium 9a and constitute fast.In addition, taking medium 9a is the shooting medium (CCD, camera film, Polaroid film etc.) of still camera 9.
From being examined a fundus reflex light of the illumination light of E ejaculation, aperture 121 is taken in incident through the 112a of hole portion of perforate eyeglass 112 through the dark portion in center of the ring-type picture on the pupil.Perforate eyeglass 112 be the corneal reflex light of indirect illumination light, and corneal reflex light is blended into inject in the fundus reflex light of taking aperture 121.With this, can suppress to observe producing flicker (flare) on image or the photographic images.
Taking aperture 121 is the tabular components that are formed with a plurality of circular transmittance sections that vary in size.A plurality of transmittance sections constitute the different aperture of f-number (F value), through not shown driving mechanism, optionally a transmittance section are configured on the light path.
Barrier filter 122,123 through solenoid etc. driving mechanism (not shown) and can be arranged on the light path with plugging.When carrying out the FAG shooting, barrier filter 122 is configured on the light path, when carrying out the ICG shooting, barrier filter 123 is inserted on the light path.And when carrying out the colour shooting, barrier filter 122,123 together withdraws from from light path.
Restoring reflecting optics 127 fast is arranged to and can be rotated around rotating shaft 127a through not shown driving mechanism.When carrying out the shooting of optical fundus Ef with still camera 9, the quick recovery reflecting optics 127 that tiltedly is located on the light path is started to the top, thereby with the guiding of fundus reflex light to taking medium 9a.On the other hand, when carrying out the optical fundus through camera head 10 when taking or naked eyes through the examiner when carrying out fundus observation, restore reflecting optics 127 fast and tiltedly establish and be configured on the light path, thereby fundus reflex light is reflected towards the top.
More be provided with field lens (field-of-view lens) 128, switching eyeglass 129, eyepiece 130, relay lens 131, reflecting optics 132, capture lens 133 and camera assembly 10a in the photographing optical system 120 in order to the fundus reflex light that is reflected by quick recovery reflecting optics 127 is led.Camera assembly 10a is located at the camera assemblies such as CCD in the camera head 10 in being.On touch screen 11, show by the captured eye fundus image Ef ' of camera assembly 10a.
It is same with the quick reflecting optics 127 that restores to switch eyeglass 129, can be that the center rotates with rotating shaft 129a.This switching eyeglass 129 tiltedly is located on the light path when observing through naked eyes, thus the reflection fundus reflex light and with its guiding to eyeglass 130.
In addition, when using camera head 10 to take eye fundus images, switch eyeglass 129 and withdraw from from light path, with the fundus reflex photoconduction to camera assembly 10a.In this occasion, fundus reflex light, is formed images on camera assembly 10a by capture lens 133 from eyeglass 132 reflections through relay lens 131.
This kind fundus camera 1000 is in order to observe the surface of optical fundus Ef, promptly to observe the eyeground observing device of amphiblestroid state.In other words, fundus camera 1000 is the filming apparatus from the two-dimentional fundus image of the being seen optical fundus Ef of cornea direction that examined an E.On the other hand; There is the tissue that is called choroid or sclera in amphiblestroid deep layer; Hope to have the technology of the state of observing those deep tissues; And the practicability of observing the device of those deep tissues recently makes progress (for example open the 2003-543 communique with reference to Japanese Patent Laid, the spy opens the 2005-241464 communique).
Open the 2003-543 communique in Japanese Patent Laid, the spy opens the eyeground observing device that is disclosed in the 2005-241464 communique; It is the optical image-measuring device (being also referred to as optical coherence tomography device etc.) of having used so-called OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography, optical coherence tomography) technology.Such eyeground observing device is with the low-coherent light separated into two parts; Wherein a part (flashlight) guiding is to the optical fundus; With another part (with reference to light) guiding to predetermined with reference to object, and, to will through the flashlight on optical fundus with by overlapping with reference to object reflected and interference light that obtain detects and resolves with reference to light; Can form the faultage image of surface, optical fundus and even deep tissues whereby, or the device of the 3-D view on optical fundus.This kind image is called optical ct image or OCT image.
For the state of holding in detail the optical fundus (disease have or not etc.), can consider and observe the optical fundus apparent condition of nethike embrane etc., it is preferable to reach deep tissues state both sides such as choroid or sclera.Promptly only observe eye fundus image, be difficult to hold the detailed status of deep tissues by the fundus camera gained.Only observe the eye fundus image of surveying the counter device gained by optical imagery again, also be difficult to hold the whole detailed status of retina.
Be again the comprehensive state of judging the optical fundus, preferably can consider retina and deep tissues both sides' the state state of an illness etc.Promptly in order to improve the judgement degree of accuracy of the state of an illness etc., hope can be with reference to more information, again can be the most desirable with reference to the information that is obtained by many-sided angle.
Therefore, hope use a kind of eyeground observing device, can obtain eye fundus image that fundus camera takes and optical imagery survey counter device gained eye fundus image both.Particularly,, in the shooting of the eye fundus image that one of then can observe therein, the optical fundus state of another eye fundus image can be observed, more detailed diagnosis can be realized if can take both eye fundus images simultaneously.
But with previous eyeground observing device, obtain the two dimensional image on the surface, optical fundus that fundus camera takes, and survey both difficulties very of faultage image or 3-D view on the optical fundus of counter device picked-up by optical imagery.The eye fundus image that particularly will obtain both sides simultaneously is more difficult.
Again; Form the eyeground observing device that can obtain to survey the eye fundus image both sides of counter device by the eye fundus image of fundus camera and with optical imagery; Need be at flashlight through in the irradiation optical system optical fundus of fundus camera; Flashlight guiding that will be through the optical fundus with reference to the eclipsed structure of light, that is, utilize optical system pilot signal light with fundus camera; Can obtain the faultage image of position on the optical fundus identical with the image of fundus camera shooting, but the state of the position on this optical fundus of observed in detail.
But; Occasion at the structure of the optical system pilot signal light that uses fundus camera; Because of flashlight will be through surveying the more optical module of counter device than previous optical imagery; So by the dispersive influence of those optical modules, make flashlight and lower with reference to interference of light efficient, probably the interference light of sufficient intensity is given birth in difficult labour.When forming image according to the inadequate interference light of intensity so, the low and unclear image of analysing of contrast can take place in this OCT image, or becomes the problem of the low image of degree of accuracy etc.
Previous again optical imagery is surveyed counter device, to flashlight and difference with reference to the out of the ordinary suffered dispersive influence of light, although the disposal of correction done etc. is arranged when Flame Image Process.But can take eye fundus image by fundus camera; With the eyeground observing device of surveying counter device acquisition eye fundus image both sides by optical imagery; The number of the optical module that passes through because of flashlight; With the number of the optical module that passes through with reference to light very big-difference is arranged, thus to the dispersive influence of flashlight with the dispersive influence with reference to light is also had big-difference, so when Flame Image Process, be difficult to abundant correction.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a kind of eyeground observing device, can obtain the image on surface, optical fundus and the faultage image both sides on optical fundus, particularly can obtain both sides' eye fundus image simultaneously.
Other purpose of the present invention again can obtain optical fundus surface image and optical fundus faultage image both sides for an eyeground observing device is provided, and can be suppressed at optical imagery and survey timing, flashlight and attenuating with reference to interference of light efficient.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, first form of the present invention is that a kind of eyeground observing device is characterized by and comprises: first image formation component, second image formation component and light path are synthesized separating mechanism.First image formation component has lamp optical system, and it sends the illumination light that illuminates the optical fundus of being examined eye; And photographing optical system, detect illumination light with first detecting element through aforementioned optical fundus, wherein according to the testing result of aforementioned first detecting element, form the two dimensional image on surface, aforementioned optical fundus.Second image formation component has light source, can export the light with aforementioned illumination light different wave length; The interference light generating device, with the light of aforementioned light source output, be divided into to the flashlight on optical fundus and to reference to object with reference to light, and the flashlight that will pass through aforementioned optical fundus with carry out overlapping interfere light with reference to object with reference to light through aforementioned; And second detecting element, in order to detect the aforementioned interference light of aforementioned generation,, form the faultage image on aforementioned optical fundus wherein according to the testing result of aforementioned second detecting element.Light path is synthesized separating mechanism; The fundus reflex light of aforementioned flashlight is directed into the synthetic separating mechanism of aforementioned light path by the formed shooting light path of aforementioned photographing optical system, and states the shooting light path by the synthetic seperator member of aforementioned light path in the past and separate and aforementioned second image formation component of directive.Wherein aforementioned illumination light and aforementioned flashlight are stated the optical fundus through aforementioned shooting light path pre-irradiation.Aforementioned lamp optical system comprises: annular light-passing board, be configured in the aforementioned pupil of being examined eye be conjugated position, and aforementioned illumination light is through aforementioned annular light-passing board.Aforementioned lamp optical system and aforementioned photographing optical system comprise: the perforate eyeglass; Has hole portion in the central area; Aforementioned perforate eyeglass makes the illumination light reflection from aforementioned lamp optical system, and the fundus reflex light of aforementioned illumination light and aforementioned flashlight is through aforementioned apertures portion.
In addition, second form of the present invention is in the eyeground observing device of first form, and the interference light generating device comprises that chromatic dispersion pays element, in order to dispersion measure is paid to aforementioned with reference to light.
The 3rd form of the present invention is in the eyeground observing device of second form; Aforementioned chromatic dispersion is paid element and is paid aforementioned dispersion measure with reference to light, with aforementioned flashlight from aforementioned interference light generating device cut apart the back to aforementioned overlapping end during approximately equated by the dispersion measure of being paid.
The 4th form of the present invention again is in the eyeground observing device of first form; Aforementioned interference light generating device is from carrying out previous segmentation to aforementioned overlapped period; Aforementioned flashlight is through the aggregate value of the dispersion measure of most optical modules; With aforementioned interference light generating device from carrying out previous segmentation to aforementioned overlapped period, aforementioned approximately equal through the aggregate value of the dispersion measure of most optical modules with reference to light.
The 5th form of the present invention is in the eyeground observing device of the 4th form; Aforementioned interference light generating device is from carrying out previous segmentation to aforementioned overlapped period; The dispersion measure that aforementioned flashlight is paid by air; With aforementioned interference light generating device from carrying out previous segmentation to aforementioned overlapped period, aforementioned dispersion measure of being paid by air with reference to light equates generally.
The eyeground observing device of the present invention's first form is provided with first image formation component, and it can form the two dimensional image on optical fundus, and second image formation component, and it forms the faultage image on optical fundus.The photographing optical system of first image formation component forms takes light path.Second image formation component will be through the optical fundus flashlight with overlapping interfering light with reference to light, and form faultage image according to this interference light.
The effect of the synthetic separating mechanism of light path is that the light path of the flashlight on directive optical fundus is synthesized with the shooting light path.This flashlight is taken light path through this, the irradiation optical fundus.The effect of the synthetic separating mechanism of this light path is that the flashlight through the optical fundus is separated with the shooting light path again.This isolating flashlight is with overlapping with reference to light, to interfere light.
By being provided with as the above-mentioned synthetic separating mechanism of light path, can obtain the two dimensional image on surface, optical fundus and the faultage image on optical fundus.Particularly carry out the illumination light irradiation of first image formation component and the light-struck occasion of signal of second image formation component at the same time, can each other light through the optical fundus be synthesized its disengagement with light path, detect each other light and form image.Therefore, according to eyeground observing device of the present invention, can obtain the two dimensional image on surface, optical fundus and the faultage image on optical fundus simultaneously.
More, element is paid in the chromatic dispersion of paying dispersion measure with reference to light, so, can compensate a part at least to the dispersion measure of flashlight the time through the shooting light path because of being provided with according to the eyeground observing device of second form of the present invention.Thus, can suppress flashlight with reference to the decline of interference of light efficient.
Particularly at the eyeground observing device of the present invention's the 3rd form; Pay element and pay because of being provided with chromatic dispersion with reference to the optical dispersion amount; It slightly equals the flashlight cut apart by the interference light generating mechanism; From cut apart the back through the optical fundus to dispersion measure with reference to the light overlapped period, so the flashlight that overlaps each other with reference to light, the dispersion measure of distinctly paying is equal generally.Therefore, can interfere efficient to make flashlight and interfere, obtain the clear and definite and high faultage image (OCT image) of precision with height with reference to light.
Again according to the eyeground observing device of the present invention's the 4th form; Because of its structure can make the flashlight of being cut apart by the interference light generating mechanism, from cut apart the back through the optical fundus to with reference to the light overlapped period, the total amount of the dispersion measure of the optical module through majority; With cut apart by this interference light generating mechanism with reference to light; From cut apart the back to flashlight overlapped period, the aggregate value of the dispersion measure of the optical module through majority, rough equating.So the flashlight that overlaps each other approximately equates with the dispersion measure of distinctly paying with reference to light, can make flashlight and interfere with height interference rate with reference to light.
Again according to the eyeground observing device of the present invention's the 5th form; Can make the flashlight of cutting apart by the interference light generating mechanism because of its structure; From cut apart the back through the optical fundus to with reference to the light overlapped period, the dispersion measure that this flashlight takes place because of air, with cut apart by this interference light generating mechanism with reference to light; From being divided into and the flashlight overlapped period, the dispersion measure that takes place through air is approximately equal.So the flashlight that overlaps each other is more approaching with the dispersion measure of distinctly paying with reference to light, can more suppress flashlight and falling at the end with reference to interference of light efficient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the summary construction diagram of an integrally-built example of the preferable example of expression eyeground observing device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a routine summary construction diagram that is located at the structure of the scanning element the fundus camera unit in in the preferable example of expression eyeground observing device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the summary construction diagram of an example of the unitary structure of OCT in the preferable example of expression eyeground observing device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the general block diagram of an example of the hardware configuration of calculation control device in the preferable example of expression eyeground observing device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the general block diagram of an example of the control system structure of the preferable example of expression eyeground observing device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the skeleton diagram of an example of scanning form of the flashlight of the preferable example of expression eyeground observing device of the present invention.One example of the scanning form of Fig. 6 (A) expression flashlight when flashlight is observed the optical fundus with respect to the light incident side of being examined eye.And Fig. 6 (B) representes an example of the arrangement form of scanning element on each scanning line.
Fig. 7 is the skeleton diagram of an example of scanning form and the faultage image form that forms along each scanning line of the flashlight of the preferable example of expression eyeground observing device of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the general block diagram of an example of the control system structure of the preferable example of expression eyeground observing device of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the summary lateral view of an example of the surface structure of the previous eyeground observing device (fundus camera) of expression.
Figure 10 is the skeleton diagram of an example of the internal structure (structure of optical system) of the previous eyeground observing device (fundus camera) of expression.
1,1000: eyeground observing device 1A: the fundus camera unit
8a: objection lens portion 8b: eyepiece portion
8c: installation portion 9: photographing unit
9a: take medium 10: camera head
10,12: camera head 100: lamp optical system
101: observe light source 103: photographic light sources
120: photographing optical system 134,136: dichroic mirror
141: scanning element 141A, 141B: the galvanometer mirror
142: lens 150:OCT unit
151: connecting portion 152: connecting line
152a, 161,163,164,165: optical fiber
160: low-coherence light source 162: photo-coupler
174: with reference to eyeglass 180: spectroscope
184:CCD 200: the calculation control device
201: microprocessor 208: image forms plate
208a: eye fundus image forms plate 208b:OCT image and forms plate
210: control part 220: image forming part
230: image processing part 240: the user interface
250: correcting process portion 241,242: eyeglass driving mechanism
LC: interference light L0: low-coherent light
LR: with reference to light LS: flashlight
R1～Rm: scanning line R: scanning area
Rij (i=1～m, j=1～n): scanning element
Gij (i=1～m, j=1～n): the image of depth direction
E: receive inspection eye G1～Gm: faultage image
Ef: optical fundus
Ef ': eye fundus image (two dimensional image)
The specific embodiment
Following reference is graphic to be specified one of example of the present invention routine eyeground observing device.Again, for previous same component part, use and Fig. 9, the same symbol of Figure 10.
< the 1st example >
At first, with reference to Fig. 1～Fig. 5, the structure of the 1st example of eyeground observing device of the present invention is described.Fig. 1 representes the overall structure of the eyeground observing device 1 of this example.Fig. 2 representes the structure of the scanning element 141 in the fundus camera unit 1A.Fig. 3 representes the structure of OCT unit 150.Fig. 4 representes to calculate the hardware configuration of control device 200.Fig. 5 representes the structure of the control system of eyeground observing device 1.
Overall structure
As shown in Figure 1, eyeground observing device 1 comprises the computer 200 of the fundus camera unit 1A that brings into play function as fundus camera, the OCT unit 150 of storing the optical system of optical image-measuring device (OCT device), the various control treatment of execution etc. and constitutes.
This fundus camera unit 1A is with calculation control device 200 common examples that constitute " first image formation component " of the present invention.OCT unit 150 and calculation control device 200 constitute examples of " second image formation component " of the present invention jointly again.Be somebody's turn to do in " second image formation component " again, also comprise scanning element 141 grades that are located at fundus camera unit 1A, the various optical components of flashlight process.
One end of connecting line 152 is installed on the OCT unit 150 to be had.Connecting portion 151 is installed on the other end of this connecting line 152.This connecting portion 151 is installed in installation portion 8c shown in Figure 9.And, in the conducting of the inside of connecting line 152 optical fiber is arranged.OCT unit 150 is optical the connection with fundus camera unit 1A process connecting line 152.For the detailed structure of OCT unit 150, on one side below describe on one side with reference to Fig. 3.
The unitary structure of fundus camera
Fundus camera unit 1A has the surface structure roughly the same with previous fundus camera shown in Figure 9 1000.And fundus camera unit 1A and previous optical system shown in Figure 10 possess equally: lamp optical system 100, the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E is thrown light on; And photographing optical system 120, with the guiding of the fundus reflex light of this illumination light to camera head 10.
In addition, can detail in the back, but, have the illumination light of the wavelength of near infrared region for detection at the camera head 10 of the photographing optical system 120 of this example.In this photographing optical system 120, be provided with illumination light camera head 12 in addition, have the illumination light of the wavelength in visible light zone in order to detection.And this photographing optical system 120 will be directed to optical fundus Ef by the flashlight that OCT unit 150 sends, and will be directed to the OCT unit through the flashlight of optical fundus Ef.
Lamp optical system 100 is with previous same, comprises to observe light source 101, condenser lens 102, photographic light sources 103, condenser lens 104, exciter filter 105 and 106, annular light-passing board 107, eyeglass 108, liquid crystal display 109, illumination aperture 110, relay lens 111, perforate eyeglass 112, object lens 113 and constitute.
Observe light source 101 and export the illumination light of the viewing area of the scope that comprises the about 400nm～700nm of wavelength.This observation light source 101 is equivalent to an example of " visual light source " of the present invention.In addition, this photographic light sources 103 is exported the illumination light of the near infrared region of the scope that comprises the about 700nm～800nm of wavelength.The near infrared light of these photographic light sources 103 outputs is set the light wavelength of 150 uses short (back repeats) in the OCT unit for.
Photographing optical system 120 comprises object lens 113, perforate eyeglass 112 (the 112a of hole portion), takes aperture 121, barrier filter 122 and 123, variable power lens 124, relay lens 125, capture lens 126, dichroic mirror 134, field lens (field-of-view lens) 128, half-reflecting mirror 135, relay lens 131, dichroic mirror 136, capture lens 133, camera head 10 (camera assembly 10a), reflecting optics 137, capture lens 138, camera head 12 (camera assembly 12a), lens 139, and LCD (Liquicl Crystal Display, liquid crystal display) and constituting.
In the photographing optical system 120 of this example, different with previous photographing optical system 120 shown in Figure 10, be provided with dichroic mirror 134, half reflection eyeglass 125, dichroic mirror 136, reflecting optics 137, capture lens 139 and LCD140.
In addition; Dichroic mirror 136; Illumination light (by the visible light of the about 400nm～700nm of wavelength that observes light source 101 outputs) can be seen through, and the illumination light (near infrared light of the about 700nm～800nm of wavelength that exports by photographic light sources 103) of wavelength can be reflected with near infrared region by the wavelength with viewing area of lamp optical system 100 outputs.This dichroic mirror 136 is equivalent to an example of " light path resolution element " of the present invention.
At LCD 140 the fixing mark of the inner sight line of demonstration etc. is arranged.The light that is sent by this LCD 140 by half-reflecting mirror 135 reflections, reflexes to dichroic mirror 136 through field lens 128 behind lens 139 optically focused.Then, through capture lens 126, relay lens 125, variable power lens 124, perforate eyeglass 112 (the 112a of hole portion), object lens 113 etc., inject and receive an inspection eye E.Thus, the fixing mark of this sight line waits and projects to the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E.
On the other hand, camera assembly 12a is the camera assembly of CCD or the MOS of camera head 12 such as interior plant TV camera etc., particularly detects the light (being that camera head 12 is for detecting the TV camera of visible light) of visible light zone wavelength.These camera head 12 output image signals are as the result who detects visible light.This touchscreen 11 shows the two dimensional image (eye fundus image Ef ') on the surface of optical fundus Ef according to this image signal.In addition, this image signal is sent to calculation control device 200, shows eye fundus image at its display (afterwards stating).Again, when using these camera head 12 shooting optical fundus, the illumination light from the visible light zone wavelength that the observation light source 101 of illumination light system 100 is exported capable of using.This camera head 12 (camera assembly 12a) is equivalent to an example of " the 3rd testing agency " of the present invention.
Be provided with scanning element 141 and lens 142 in the photographing optical system 120 in this example.Scanning element 141 possesses following structure, that is, and and the light (flashlight LS, then state) that scanning is exported from OCT unit 150 on the Ef of optical fundus.
Lens 142 make the flashlight LS from OCT unit 150 pass through connecting line 152, and guiding becomes collimated light beam, and it is injected scanning element 141.And the fundus reflex light that act as the flashlight LS that makes process scanning element 141 and come of lens 142 focuses on.
An example of the concrete structure of expression scanning element 141 among Fig. 2.Scanning element 141 comprises galvanometer mirror (galvanometer mirror) 141A, 141B and reflecting optics 141C, 141D and constitutes.
It can be that the center rotates with rotating shaft 141a, 141b respectively that galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B are made as.Rotating shaft 141a, 141b set with mutually orthogonal mode.In Fig. 2, the rotating shaft 141a of galvanometer mirror 141A sets to being parallel to the paper of this figure, and the rotating shaft 141b of galvanometer mirror 141B sets and is the paper perpendicular to this figure.That is, galvanometer mirror 141B can the both sides arrow in Fig. 2 shown in the direction rotation, galvanometer mirror 141A can be to the direction rotation that is orthogonal to this both sides arrow.With this, this a pair of galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B play a role respectively, make the reflection direction of flashlight LS change to mutually orthogonal direction.In addition, each spinning movement of galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B is to drive through following mirror driving mechanism (with reference to figure 5).
By the flashlight LS that galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B are reflected, identical direction is advanced when being incident to galvanometer mirror 141A with being reflected by reflecting optics 141C, 141D.
In addition, as stated, the inside conducting of connecting line 152 has optical fiber 152a, and the end face 152b of this optical fiber 152a sets with lens 142 relatively.The flashlight LS that is penetrated from this end face 152b amplifies beam diameter gradually and advances towards lens 142, but becomes collimated light beam through these lens 142.On the contrary, the fundus reflex light of flashlight LS focuses on towards end face 152b through these lens 142.
The unitary structure of OCT
Below, with reference to Fig. 3, the structure of OCT unit 150 is described.OCT unit 150 shown in this figure has the optical system roughly the same with previous optical image-measuring device; And possesses interferometer; This interferometer will be divided into from the light that light source is exported with reference to light and flashlight; And make through with reference to object with reference to light, with overlapping and produce interference light through the flashlight of determined object (optical fundus Ef), and, the testing result of this interference light is resolved and is formed the image of determined object.
Low-coherence light source 160 is that the wideband light source by the superluminescent diode (SLD, superluminescent diode) of output low-coherent light L0 or light emitting diode (LED, light-emitting diode) etc. constitutes.This low-coherent light L0 for example has the wavelength of near infrared region, and has the light of the timeliness coherence length about tens of microns.From the low-coherent light LO of this low-coherence light source 160 outputs, (wavelength that the about 400nm of wavelength～800nm) is longer for example contains the wavelength of the 800nm that has an appointment～900nm scope to have illumination light than fundus camera unit 1A.This low-coherence light source 160 is equivalent to an example of " light source " of the present invention.
The low-coherent light L0 that is exported from low-coherence light source 160; Optical fiber 161 for example through keeping optical fiber (polarization maintainingfiber) to be constituted by single mode fiber cable (single-mode fiber) or polarization; Be directed by this photo-coupler 162 this low-coherence light source LO being divided into reference to light LR and flashlight LS to photo-coupler (coupler) 162.
In addition, photo-coupler 162 has light cutting element (beam splitter) and the eclipsed element of light (bonder) both sides' function, but trivial name is " photo-coupler ".
From photo-coupler 162 take place with reference to light LR; By 163 guiding such as the optical fiber that constitutes by single-mode fiber etc.; Penetrate from fiber end face, penetrated with reference to light LR through collimating lens 171, become collimated light beam after; Through glass blocks 172 and density optical filter 173, and by reflecting with reference to eyeglass 174 (with reference to object).
Passed through density optical filter 173 and glass blocks 172 by what reflect once more with reference to light LR with reference to eyeglass 174, and through collimating lens 171 and on the fiber end face of optical fiber 163 optically focused.Being directed to photo-coupler 162 through optical fiber 163 of institute's optically focused with reference to light LR.
In addition; Glass blocks 172 and density optical filter 173; Be as using so that play a role with the consistent delay element of optical path length (optical distance) of flashlight LS with reference to light LR, and as using so that play a role with reference to the light LR element consistent with the dispersion characteristics of flashlight LS.
Again, with reference to the structure of mirror 174 for moving along travel direction with reference to light LR.Therefore, can corresponding be examined the axiallength of an E, guaranteed optical path length with reference to light LR.In addition, the driving mechanism that contains the driving device of electronic grade mobile capable of using with reference to mirror 174 carries out.
On the other hand, the flashlight LS that takes place from photo-coupler 162, the optical fiber 164 that is made up of single-mode fiber etc. guides to the end of connecting line 152.In the conducting of the inside of connecting line 152 optical fiber 152a is arranged.Here, optical fiber 164 can be made up of single optical fiber with optical fiber 152a, and, also can be with each end joined and integrally formed optical fiber.Total, as long as optical fiber 164,152a can transmit flashlight LS between fundus camera unit 1A and OCT unit 150.
Flashlight LS is directed in connecting line 152 inside and is directed to fundus camera unit 1A.And; Flashlight LS is through the 112a of hole portion and the object lens 113 of lens 142, scanning element 141, dichroic mirror 134, capture lens 126, relay lens 125, variable power lens 124, shooting aperture 121, perforate eyeglass 112; And incident receives inspection eye E (at this moment; Be described below, barrier filter 122,123 withdraws from from light path respectively).
The flashlight LS last imaging of (retina) Ef and reflection on the optical fundus of an E examined in incident.At this moment, flashlight LS also arrives the deep regional of optical fundus Ef and on refractive index boundaries, produces scattering not only by the surface reflectance of optical fundus Ef.With this, the fundus reflex light of flashlight LS becomes the information that comprises the configuration of surface that reflects optical fundus Ef and is reflected in the light of information of state of behind scattering (backscattering) of the refractive index boundaries of deep tissue.This light is abbreviated as " the fundus reflex light of flashlight LS ".
The fundus reflex light of flashlight LS is advanced to the rightabout in above-mentioned path, and optically focused on the end face 152b of optical fiber 152a is incident to OCT unit 150 through this optical fiber 152, and turns back to photo-coupler 162 through optical fiber 164.Photo-coupler 162 makes this flashlight LS with overlapping with reference to light LR by what reflected with reference to eyeglass 174, generates interference light LC.The interference light LC that is generated is directed to spectroscope 180 through singly touching the optical fiber 165 that optical fiber etc. constitutes.
Here, " interference light producing component " of the present invention is by comprising photo-coupler 162, optical fiber 163,164 at least and constituting with reference to the interferometer of eyeglass 174.In addition, be to have adopted Michaelson interferometer (Michelson interferometer) in this example, but also can suitably adopt the for example interferometer of any type such as Mach-Zehnder (Mach-Zehnder) type.
Spectroscope (spectrometer) 180 comprises collimating lens 181, diffraction grating 182, imaging len 183 and CCD (Charge Coupled Device, charge-coupled image sensor) 184 and constitutes.The diffraction grating 182 of this example is the infiltration type diffraction grating, but can certainly use reflection-type diffraction grating.And, can certainly use other photodetection assembly (testing agency) and come replaced C CD184.Like above-mentioned photodetection assembly is an example of " second testing agency " quite of the present invention.
The interference light LC that is incident to spectroscope 180 becomes after the collimated light beam, by diffraction grating 182 beam split (spectral resolution) through collimating lens 181.The interference light LC of institute's beam split forms images on the shooting face of CCD184 through imaging len 183.CCD184 receives this interference light LC and is converted into the electrical signal, and this detection signal is outputed in the calculation control device 200.
The structure of calculation control device
Secondly, the structure of calculation control device 200 is described.Calculation control device 200 carries out following processing: analysis forms the faultage image of the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E by the detection signal of the CCD184 input of the spectroscope 180 of OCT unit 150.The analytical method of this moment is identical with the method for previous Fourier zone OCT.
In addition, calculation control device 200 carries out following processing: according to the picture signal of being exported by the camera head 10,12 of fundus camera unit 1A, form the two dimensional image of surface (nethike embrane) form of optical fundus Ef.
And, the control of the control of the each several part of calculation control device 200 execution fundus camera unit 1A and the each several part of OCT unit 150.
As the control of fundus camera unit 1A, the control of the mobile control (control of multiplying power) of the control of the insertion of output control, exciter filter 105,106 or the barrier filter 122,123 of for example observing the illumination light of light source 101 or photographic light sources 103 on light path/withdraw from action, the control of the display action of liquid crystal display 140, the mobile control (control of f-number) of illumination aperture 110, the control of taking the f-number of aperture 121, variable power lens 124 etc.And the galvanometer mirror 141A in 200 pairs of scanning elements of calculation control device 141, the spinning movement of 141B are controlled.
On the other hand, the control of OCT unit 150 is the output control of carrying out the low-coherent light of low-coherence light source 160, with reference to the control of time of accumulating of the mobile control of mirror 174, CCD184 etc.
With reference to Fig. 4, the hardware configuration of the calculation control device 200 that plays a role is as stated described.Calculation control device 200 possesses the hardware configuration same with previous computer.Particularly, comprise microprocessor 201 (CPU, MPU etc.), RAM 202, ROM 203, hard disk drive (HDD, HardDisk Driver) 204, keyboard 205, mouse 206, display 207, image formation plate 208 and communication interface (I/F) 209.These various pieces are to connect through bus 200a.
The control sequence 204a that microprocessor 201 will be stored in the hard disk drive 204 is deployed on the RAM202, carries out the characteristic action in the present invention with this.
And, the control of CPU201 execution said apparatus each several part or various calculation process etc.And, carry out with from the control of the transmission reception processing of the various data of the control of the display process of the control of the corresponding device various piece of the operation signal of keyboard 205 or mouse 206, display 207, communication interface 208 or control signal etc. etc.
And; Display 207 is display devices arbitrarily such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display, liquid crystal display) or CRT (Cathode Ray Tube, cathode ray tube); It shows the image by eyeground observing device 1 formed optical fundus Ef, or shows various operation screens or set picture etc.
In addition; The user interface of eyeground observing device 1 is not limited to such structure, the control panel etc. that also can use for example trace ball (track ball), control stick, touch panel formula LCD, is used for ophthalmologic examination possess the function that shows the various information of output and import various information function any user interface mechanisms and constitute.
It is the special electronic circuit of handling the image of the optical fundus Ef that is examined an E that image forms plate 208.Form plate 208 at this image and be provided with eye fundus image formation plate 208a and OCT image formation plate 208b.Eye fundus image forms the action of plate 208a, is the camera head 10 according to fundus camera unit 1A, or the picture signal of camera head 12 forms the special electronic circuit of eye fundus image.Again, to form the action of plate 208b be the special electronic circuit according to the detection signal formation eye fundus image (faultage image) of the CCD184 of the spectroscope 180 of OCT unit 150 to the OCT image.Form plate 208 because of being provided with above-mentioned image, can improve eye fundus image and form the processing speed of handling.
And; When calculation control device 200 is connected in LAN (Local Area Network; LAN) or during network such as the Internet; In communication interface 209, can possess network adapter (network adapter) or modem communication equipments such as (modem) such as LAN card, and can pass through this network and carry out data communication.At this moment, can be provided for the server of storage control program 204a, and, calculation control device 200 is constituted the client terminal of this server.
The structure of control system
With reference to Fig. 5, the structure of the control system of the eyeground observing device 1 of structure describes to having as stated.Fig. 5 especially selects in the structure that eyeground observing device 1 possessed, and expression is about the part of action of the present invention or processing.
The control system of eyeground observing device 1 is that the center constitutes with the control part 210 of calculation control device 200.Control part 210 comprises CPU 201, RAM 202, ROM 203, hard disk drive 204 (control sequence 204a), communication interface 209 and constitutes.
The CPU201 of control part 210 through moving according to control sequence 204a carries out above-mentioned control treatment.Especially, through the eyeglass driving mechanism 241,242 of controlling fundus camera unit 1A respectively, thereby can make galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B self contained function respectively.
And; Control part 210 is carried out following control: will be by two kinds of captured images of eyeground observing device 1; Promptly; The image of the two dimensional image (eye fundus image Ef ') on the optical fundus Ef surface that is obtained through fundus camera unit 1A and the optical fundus Ef that forms based on the detection signal that is obtained by OCT unit 150 is presented on the display 207 of user interface 240 side by side.Those eye fundus images can show at display 207 respectively, also can show simultaneously side by side.
(User Interface, UI) 240 possess operating equipments such as keyboard 205 or mouse 206, and display device such as display 207 to user interface.
Below, explanation utilizes the control form of the scanning of the flashlight LS that control part 210 carried out respectively, and the treatment state that utilizes image forming part 220 and the detection signal of 230 pairs of OCT unit 150 of image processing part.In addition, identical to the processing of image forming part 220 grades of the picture signal of fundus camera unit 1A with previous processing, the Therefore, omited.
Scanning about flashlight
The scanning of flashlight LS as stated, be galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B through the scanning element 141 of change fundus camera unit 1A reflecting surface towards carrying out.Control part 210 is controlled eyeglass driving mechanism 241,242 respectively, with this change respectively galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B reflecting surface towards, thereby on the Ef of optical fundus sweep signal light LS.
When the reflecting surface of change galvanometer mirror 141A towards the time, (the x direction of Fig. 1) sweep signal light LS on the horizontal direction of optical fundus Ef.On the other hand, when the reflecting surface of change galvanometer mirror 141B towards the time, the vertical direction of Ef on the optical fundus (the y direction of Fig. 1) goes up sweep signal light LS.And, change simultaneously galvanometer mirror 141A, both reflectings surface of 141B towards, with this can be on x direction and the synthetic direction of y direction sweep signal light LS.That is, through controlling these two galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B, can be on any direction on the xy plane sweep signal light LS.
Fig. 6 representes the example in order to the scanning form of the flashlight LS of the image that forms optical fundus Ef.The direction that Fig. 6 (A) expression is examined an E from flashlight LS incident observe optical fundus Ef (just from Fig. 1-z direction observation+z direction) time, an example of the scanning form of flashlight LS.And, an example of the arrangement form of scanning element on each scanning line on Fig. 6 (B) expression optical fundus Ef.
Shown in Fig. 6 (A), at predefined rectangular scanning region R interscan flashlight LS.In this scanning area R, on the x direction, be set with many (m bar) scanning line R1～Rm.When (during the sweep signal light LS of i=1～m), producing the detection signal of interference light LC along each scanning line Ri.
, the direction of each scanning line Ri is called " main scanning direction " here, will be called " sub scanning direction " with the orthogonal direction of this direction.Therefore, on main scanning direction sweep signal light LS be through change galvanometer mirror 141A reflecting surface towards carrying out, the scanning on sub scanning direction be through the reflecting surface of change galvanometer mirror 141B towards carrying out.
On each scanning line Ri, shown in Fig. 6 (B), preestablished a plurality of (n) scanning element Ri1～Rin.
In order to carry out scanning shown in Figure 6, control part 210 is at first controlled galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B, will be the scanning starting position RS (scanning element R11) on the 1st scanning line R1 to the incident goal setting of the flashlight LS of optical fundus Ef.Then, control part 210 control low-coherence light sources 160 make low-coherent light L0 flash of light, and make flashlight LS be incident in scanning starting position RS.The scanning starting position RS that CCD 184 receives this flashlight LS goes up the interference light LC that comes because of fundus reflex light, and exports detection signal to control part 210.
Then, control part 210 control galvanometer mirror 141A, and on main scanning direction sweep signal light LS, be scanning element R12 with this incident goal setting, make low-coherent light L0 flash of light and make flashlight LS incide scanning element R12.The scanning element R12 that CCD 184 receives this flashlight LS goes up the interference light LC that comes because of fundus reflex light, and exports detection signal to control part 210.
When the instrumentation on the last scanning element R1n of the 1st scanning line R1 finished, control part 210 was controlled galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B simultaneously, and the incident target of flashlight LS is moved to till the initial scanning element R21 of the 2nd scanning line R2 along thread-changing scanning r.And (j=1～n) carry out above-mentioned instrumentation obtains the detection signal corresponding to each scanning element R2j respectively with this to each scanning element R2j of the 2nd scanning line R2.
Equally, respectively to the 3rd scanning line R3 ..., m-1 scanning line R (m-1), m scanning line Rm carry out instrumentation, thereby obtain the detection signal corresponding to each scanning element.In addition, the symbol RE on the scanning line Rm is the scan end position corresponding to scanning element Rmn.
With this, control part 210 obtains (i=1～m, m * n the detection signal of j=1～n) corresponding to the m * n in the scanning area R scanning element Rij.Below, will be expressed as Dij corresponding to the detection signal of scanning element Rij.
The interlock control of the output of the mobile and low-coherent light L0 of aforesaid scanning element; For example, can be through making control signal with respect to the transmission timing (timing) of eyeglass driving mechanism 241,242, realize synchronously mutually with respect to the transmission timing of low-coherence light source 160 with control signal (output requires signal).
When control part 210 makes each galvanometer mirror 141A, 141B action as stated, store the position of each scanning line Ri or the position of each scanning element Rij (coordinate in the xy coordinate system), as the information of its movement content of expression.This memory contents (scanning position information) with before be used for image equally and form and handle.
Form processing about image
Below, to the image-related processing of OCT of image processing part 220 and image formation handling part 230, one of them example is described.
The formation of the faultage image of image forming part 220 is handled with previous same, comprises two stage calculation process.In the calculation process in the 1st stage,, be formed on the image of the depth direction (z direction shown in Figure 1) of the optical fundus Ef of this scanning element Rij according to detection signal Dij corresponding to each scanning element Rij.
Fig. 7 representes the form by image processing part 220 formed faultage images.In the calculation process in the 2nd stage,,, form along the faultage image G i of the optical fundus Ef of this scanning line Ri according to the image of the n on it depth direction that scanning element Ri1～Rin is last for each scanning line Ri.At this moment, image forming part 220 determines arrangement and the interval of each scanning element Ri1～Rin, and forms this scanning line Ri with reference to the positional information (above-mentioned scanning position information) of each scanning element Ri1～Rin.Through above processing, can obtain sub scanning direction (y direction) and go up m faultage image G1～Gm on the diverse location.
Then, the formation of 3-D view of the optical fundus Ef of image processing part 230 being described is handled.The 3-D view of optical fundus Ef is according to forming through m the faultage image that above-mentioned calculation process obtained.Insert in interpolated image well-known between the faultage image Gi that image processing part 220 carries out in adjacency, the G (i+1) and handle etc., thereby form the 3-D view of optical fundus Ef.
At this moment, image processing part 230 determines the arrangement of each scanning line Ri and at interval with reference to the positional information of each scanning line Ri, thereby forms this 3-D view.In this 3-D view,, set three-dimensional system of coordinate (x, y, z) according to the positional information (above-mentioned scanning position information) of each scanning element Rij and the z coordinate of the image of depth direction.
And image processing part 230 is according to this 3-D view, can form the faultage image of optical fundus Ef on the section of main scanning direction (x direction) any direction in addition.When specifying section; Image processing part 230 is confirmed the position that this specifies each scanning element on sections image of slotting depth direction (and/or in the institute); And from 3-D view, extract each image of confirming depth direction on the position image of slotting depth direction (and/or in the institute), and through the image of a plurality of depth directions that extracted being arranged the faultage image that forms optical fundus Ef on this appointment section.
In addition, image Gmj shown in Figure 7 representes that the scanning element Rmj on the scanning line Rm goes up the image of depth direction (z direction).Equally, available " image Gij " is illustrated in the image that each scanning element Rij on formed in the calculation process in above-mentioned the 1st stage, each scanning line Ri goes up depth direction.
Effect and effect
Below, the effect and the effect of the eyeground observing device of originally executing form 1 of above-mentioned structure are described.
This eyeground observing device 1 comprises: fundus camera unit 1A, in order to the fundus camera of the two dimensional image of the apparent condition that obtains expression optical fundus Ef; And OCT unit 150, in order to the optical imagery measuring device of the faultage image (and 3-D view) that obtains optical fundus Ef.
Form the light path of the flashlight that images use with OCT unit 150, synthetic by the light path (shooting light path) that the photographing optical system 120 of fundus camera unit 1A forms, guide to and receive an inspection eye E.The synthetic of this light path undertaken by dichroic mirror 134.
Again, the fundus reflex light of flashlight LS is directed into dichroic mirror 134 along taking light path, and takes light path by this dichroic mirror 134 from this and separate directive OCT unit 150.
So; The shooting light path of fundus camera unit 1A is synthesized, is separated with the light path of flashlight LS because of being provided with dichroic mirror 134 (light path separation synthin), the two dimensional image on the surface of the optical fundus Ef that can obtain and the faultage image of optical fundus Ef (and 3-D view) both.
Especially, even the flashlight LS of the illumination light of 1A and OCT unit 150 is simultaneously when receiving inspection eye E irradiation in the fundus camera unit, also available dichroic mirror 134 separates each other fundus reflex light, can distinctly detect the formation image.So can take simultaneously optical fundus Ef the surface two dimensional image and optical fundus Ef faultage image both.
At this moment, from the flashlight LS of OCT unit 150 and the illumination light of irradiation simultaneously, the available near infrared light that sends by photographic light sources 103, also available by observing the visible light that light source penetrates.
Variation
The structure that more than details, only one of eyeground observing device of the present invention embodiment preferably.Therefore, in the scope of main idea of the present invention, can implement aptly to be out of shape arbitrarily.
For example in above-mentioned example; The near infrared light that uses the about 800nm～900nm of wavelength is as low-coherent light LO; But for carrying out the darker regional image detection of optical fundus Ef; Can be equipped with the official with the longer light of wavelength, the near infrared light of the about 1000nm～1100nm of the for example near infrared light of the wavelength of about 900nm～1000nm, or use wavelength.
In addition, in the occasion of the low-coherent light LO that uses the about 900nm～1000nm of wavelength, can use the illumination light of the near infrared light of the about 700nm～900nm of wavelength for example as fundus camera unit 1A.Again in the occasion of the near infrared light that uses the about 1000nm～1100nm of wavelength, can use the illumination light of the near infrared light of the about 850nm～1000nm of wavelength for example as fundus camera unit 1A as low-coherent light LO.Here, in any occasion, all hope the wavelength set of low-coherent light LO is become longer than the illumination light wavelength of fundus camera unit 1A, but also can be applied to the opposite structure of length relation of wavelength.
Again, first image of eyeground observing device of the present invention forms mechanism, does not limit and is used in fundus camera (unit), and any Ophthalmoligic instrument that forms the two dimensional image on surface, optical fundus all can be used.For example slit lamp (slit lamp, slit lamp microscope device) etc. also can form mechanism as first image and uses.
In addition, at above-mentioned example, carry out the formation of eye fundus image with image forming part 220 (image forms plate 208) and handle, reuse control part 210 (microprocessor 201 etc.) carries out various control treatment.But also available processing with these both sides is with the structure of the Computer Processing of or most platforms.
Second example
The eyeground observing device of the present invention's second example below is described.The eyeground observing device of this example has same structure (with reference to figure 1～Fig. 4) with the eyeground observing device 1 of first example.In addition, the scanning form of the flashlight of the eyeground observing device of this example or the formation form of faultage image are identical with Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.Below with the eyeground observing device of this example, with the different point of first example attach most importance to say in mind bright.
Fig. 8 representes the example of structure of control system of the eyeground observing device of this example.Eyeground observing device 20 shown in this figure likewise is provided with fundus camera unit 1A, OCT unit 150 and calculation control device 200 with first example.
Here, to light path structure explanation with reference to light LR.At first explanation guiding is with reference to the optical fiber 163 of light LR, and it is set for and approximate the flashlight LS that takes place from photo-coupler 162 greatly the dispersive influence with reference to light LR, through optical fundus Ef to with reference to the suffered dispersive influence of light LR overlapped period.
That is, with reference to the dispersive influence of light LR, be directed and pay aberration because of the core heart of this optical fiber 163.In addition; Flashlight LR is through optical fiber 152a, lens 142, the scanning element 141 of optical fiber 164, connecting line 152 inside; The 112a of hole portion and the object lens 113 of dichroic mirror 134, capture lens 126, relay lens 125, variable power lens 124, shooting aperture 121, perforate eyeglass 112 incide and receive an inspection eye E.From being examined the flashlight LS that an E penetrates, get back to photo-coupler 162 by this path reverse.At this moment, this flashlight LS is passing through optical fiber 164,152a, lens 142, dichroic mirror 134, capture lens 126, when interrupting each optical module of lens 125, variable power lens 124 and object lens 113, is paying aberration by the dispersive influence of those optical modules.The dispersive influence (dispersion measure) that those each optical modules take place can be calculated according to the material behavior (refractive index etc.) that forms this optical module.Again, the device of the dispersion measure of measuring light is also by wide usefulness.
Guiding is to be formed that to have an optical fiber long with reference to the optical fiber 163 of light LR, and its aggregate value that makes those optical modules pay the dispersion measure of flashlight LS approximately is equal to the dispersion measure of being paid with reference to light LR.At this moment, the length of this optical fiber 163 is the length that deducts gained after the dispersion measure that aforementioned glass blocks 172 or density optical filter 173 paid.That is, the dispersion measure that optical fiber 163, glass 172 and density optical filter 173 are paid with reference to light LR, the dispersion measure that is designed to pay with those optical modules flashlight LS approximately equates.
In addition, the dispersive influence that flashlight LS is taken place by the air on its light path (signal light path) also also is designed to air with reference to the light path (with reference to light path) of light LR and pays the dispersion measure with reference to light LR, pays with air
With the about structure that equates of the dispersion measure of flashlight.Again, the dispersive influence of paying because of this air is with more very little of the dispersive influence of those optical modules.Therefore, the structure of eyeground observing device of the present invention also can only be considered the dispersive influence of optical module.At this example, also consider the dispersive influence of this air, more to improve the accuracy of observation of image.In addition; With reference to glass on the light path 172 or density optical filter 173; Be to make with reference to the dispersion measure of light LR and signal light path to pay the device that the dispersion measure of flashlight LS approximately equates, but because of the existence of these glass blocks 172 grades, signal light path and with reference to the optical path length generation difference of light path.The difference of this optical path length when will be with reference to the optical path length of the optical path length of light path and signal light path overlapping, just can be eliminated.For example, in design during, make with reference to the distance of light LR through air and the flashlight LS distance through air approximately to equate (for example, the suitable configuration space that designs glass blocks 172 grades), with the difference of elimination optical path length with reference to light path.
In the hard disk drive 204 (with reference to Fig. 4) of calculation control device 200, except memory control sequence 204a, remember for example relevant information various information such as (patient informations) with the patient.The spherical degree that for example comprises patient ID (identifying information) or patient's property name etc. and examined the eyeball optics system of eye, random diopter number, random optical axis angle, corneal curvature radius, the inspections of data of aberration etc. etc. are as this patient information.
The calculation control device 200 of this example possesses correcting process portion 250.This correcting process portion 250 carries out the correcting process of the OCT image (faultage image or 3-D view) of optical fundus Ef according to the aberration of the eyeball optics system of in the hard disk drive 204 of control part 210, being remembered that is examined eye.For example, 250 couples of each faultage image Gi of correcting process portion revise the influence of the aberration generation of the eyeball optics system that is examined an E., examined the aberration of the eyeball optics system of eye here, for example the Japanese Patent Laid of applicant capable of using is opened the detections such as eye characteristic detecting apparatus that the 2002-306416 communique discloses.Again, this characteristic detecting apparatus can detect the multidimensional aberration of eyeball optics system.Use correcting process portion 250 to carry out the aberration correction of OCT image, can use any means of both having deposited aptly.This correcting process portion 250 is as its effect of example performance of " compensating element " of the present invention.
The effect and the effect of the eyeground observing device 20 of this example below are described.
The eyeground observing device 20 of this example comprises: fundus camera unit 1A, as the apparent condition of taking optical fundus Ef and the fundus camera of two dimensional image; And OCT unit 150, survey counter device as the optical imagery of the faultage image that absorbs optical fundus Ef (and 3-D view).
In addition, the fundus reflex light of flashlight LS is directed separating directive OCT unit 150 by this dichroic mirror 134 from taking light path again along taking light path to dichroic mirror 134.
As above-mentioned, because of the shooting light path that dichroic mirror 134 carries out fundus camera unit 1A is set, with synthetic, the centrifugation of the light path of flashlight LS, can obtain optical fundus Ef surface two dimensional image and optical fundus Ef tomography relation (and 3-D view) both.
Particularly, shone the illumination light of fundus camera unit 1A and the flashlight LS of OCT unit 150 simultaneously to examining an E, still available dichroic mirror 134 separates each other fundus reflex light, detects respectively and forms image.So can take simultaneously optical fundus Ef surface two dimensional image and optical fundus Ef faultage image both.
At this moment,, can use the near infrared light of photographic light sources 103 by the flashlight LS of OCT unit 150 outputs and the illumination light of shining simultaneously, also available by the visible light of observing light source 101.
The eyeground observing device 20 of this example sets the optical fiber 163 of tool one fiber lengths, and it makes the flashlight LS that takes place with reference to the dispersion measure of light LR and photo-coupler 162, from through optical fundus Ef to approximately equating with the dispersion measure of being paid with reference to light LR overlapped period.And, be provided with glass blocks 172 and the density optical filter 173 of paying dispersion measure with reference to light LR.In addition; Owing to pay with reference to the optical fiber 163 of optical dispersion amount or glass blocks 172 etc.; Optical path length that makes the signal light path and optical path length generation difference with reference to light path, but this difference can during with reference to light path, make with reference to light LR through airborne distance in design; Approximately equate through airborne distance with flashlight LS, to eliminate the difference of this optical path length.
That is the structure of this eyeground observing device 20; Remove the aggregate value of flashlight LS through the dispersion measure of most optical modules; Outside equating generally with reference to the aggregate value of light LR through the dispersion measure of most optical modules, also form the signal optical path length with reference to the rough structure that equates of the optical path length of light.
According to as above-mentioned eyeground observing device 20, because of the dispersive influence of flashlight LS approximately equates with dispersive influence with reference to light, can with flashlight LS with interfere efficient to be interfered with reference to light LR with height, the interference light LC of ten minutes intensity can take place.Therefore, can prevent to reduce the situation of the accuracy reduction that makes not fogging Chu or image because of the OCT image comparison.
In addition, like the optical fiber 163 of above-mentioned structure, glass blocks 172, density optical filter 173, with reference to light path, each is all an example that is equivalent to " element is paid in chromatic dispersion " of the present invention.
The structure of the eyeground observing device 20 of this example can be revised the OCT image (faultage image or 3-D view) of optical fundus Ef according to the aberration of the eyeball optics system that is examined an E.Can more improve the definition or the accuracy of OCT image.
The variation of the eyeground observing device 20 of this example below is described.
At above-mentioned example, use the optical fiber 163 of guiding, or glass blocks 172 or density optical filter 173 or with reference to light path with reference to light LR, as " element is paid in chromatic dispersion " of the present invention, but use at least among those one just enough.Be described below in addition, outside those, other can give and pay mechanism with reference to the chromatic dispersion of any form of light LR dispersive influence and also possibly be suitable for.
At first, glass blocks 172 can constitute with any optical component that for example rhombus lens etc. can be paid the optical dispersion effect.In addition, element is paid in the chromatic dispersion that also can use any material of allyl resin for example etc. to form, replaces glass blocks 172.
In addition, element is paid in chromatic dispersion, can make to adjust the structure of light being paid dispersion measure, for example by variable prism formations such as (variable prism).In addition, also possibly make within an amount of filling framework of liquid such as water, as the optical component of adjustment optical dispersion amount.
Again; Because of flashlight LS through in the eyeball of being examined an E again through optical fundus Ef; So " dispersion measure that flashlight LS is paid " considers that not only flashlight LS is through the optical module in the eyeground observing device 20; Still needing comprises the dispersion measure that the eyeball optics system that examined an E pays, and can improve the correction precision of dispersion measure thus.The dispersion measure that this eyeball optics system pays can be calculated according to the optical characteristic value of the refractive index of being examined an E or axiallength etc.
, examined refractive index or the axiallength of an E here, also available other the prior measurement of Ophthalmoligic instrument obtains, and also can carry the function of measuring those optical characteristic values at eyeground observing device 20 and try to achieve.In addition, also available clinical data calculates the statistical value (meansigma methods etc.) of refractive index or axiallength, also can utilize this statistical value to obtain the dispersion measure that the eyeball optics system pays.Moreover, also can utilize clinical data to calculate the statistical value of the dispersion measure that the eyeball optics system pays, this statistical value of reuse carries out correcting process.
Again, according to respectively being examined the indivedual occasions of considering the dispersion measure of eyeball optics system of eye, this chromatic dispersion pays that element need have can the phylogenetic dispersion measure of corresponding eyeball optics, and change is to paying the structure of dispersion measure with reference to light LS.Therefore, element is paid in the chromatic dispersion that the dispersion measure adjusted of for example above-mentioned variable prism is set, and utilizes control part 210 these chromatic dispersions of control to pay mechanism, can be to paying suitable dispersion measure with reference to light LR.
Pay component feeding with reference to light LR dispersion measure with above-mentioned chromatic dispersion, can compensate at least a portion and take the dispersion measure that optical module or air on the light path are paid flashlight LS, can suppress flashlight LS and attenuating with reference to the interference efficient of light LR.Can suppress the contrast of OCT image or the reduction of accuracy thus.
In the variation of first example explanation, also may be used on the eyeground observing device 20 of this example again.
Claims (16)
1. eyeground observing device, its characteristic comprises:
First image formation component has lamp optical system, sends the illumination light that illuminates the optical fundus of being examined eye; And photographing optical system, detect illumination light with first detecting element through aforementioned optical fundus, wherein according to the testing result of aforementioned first detecting element, form the two dimensional image on surface, aforementioned optical fundus;
Second image formation component has light source, can export the light with aforementioned illumination light different wave length; The interference light generating device, with the light of aforementioned light source output, be divided into to the flashlight on aforementioned optical fundus and to reference to object with reference to light, and the flashlight that will pass through aforementioned optical fundus with carry out overlapping interfere light with reference to object with reference to light through aforementioned; And second detecting element, in order to detect the aforementioned interference light of aforementioned generation,, form the faultage image on aforementioned optical fundus wherein according to the testing result of aforementioned second detecting element; And
Light path is synthesized separating mechanism; The fundus reflex light of aforementioned flashlight is directed into the synthetic separating mechanism of aforementioned light path by the formed shooting light path of aforementioned photographing optical system; And synthesize separating mechanism by aforementioned light path and separate and aforementioned second image formation component of directive from aforementioned pickup light road
Wherein aforementioned illumination light and aforementioned flashlight are stated the optical fundus through aforementioned shooting light path pre-irradiation;
Aforementioned lamp optical system comprises: annular light-passing board, be configured in the aforementioned pupil of being examined eye be conjugated position, and aforementioned illumination light is through aforementioned annular light-passing board,
Aforementioned lamp optical system and aforementioned photographing optical system comprise: the perforate eyeglass; Has hole portion in the central area; Aforementioned perforate eyeglass makes the illumination light reflection from aforementioned lamp optical system, and the fundus reflex light of aforementioned illumination light and aforementioned flashlight is through aforementioned apertures portion.
2. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the light of being exported by the aforementioned light source of the aforementioned illumination light of aforementioned first image formation component and aforementioned second image formation component is the light of the wavelength that has near infrared region respectively.
3. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: by the light wavelength that aforementioned light source is exported, more aforementioned illumination light wavelength is long.
4. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned illumination light has the wavelength that comprises scope 700nm～800nm, and
The light of aforementioned light source output has the wavelength that comprises scope 800nm～900nm.
5. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned illumination light has the wavelength that comprises scope 850nm～1000nm, and
The light of aforementioned light source output has the wavelength that comprises scope 1000nm～1100nm.
6. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The synthetic separating mechanism of aforementioned light path is a dichroic mirror.
7. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:
The aforementioned lamp optical system of aforementioned first image formation component more comprises visual light source, and output has the illumination light of the wavelength of viewing area; And
Aforementioned photographing optical system more comprises the 3rd detecting element, to detect the illumination light through the wavelength with aforementioned viewing area on aforementioned optical fundus;
Wherein aforementioned first image formation component forms the two dimensional image on the surface on aforementioned optical fundus according to the testing result of aforementioned the 3rd detecting element.
8. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned photographing optical system more comprises the light path resolution element, separates in order to the optical path of illuminating light of the wavelength that will have aforementioned region of ultra-red and optical path of illuminating light with wavelength of aforementioned viewing area.
9. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned interference light generating device comprises chromatic dispersion and pays element, in order to dispersion measure is paid to aforementioned with reference to light.
10. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that
Aforementioned chromatic dispersion is paid element and is paid aforementioned dispersion measure with reference to light, cuts apart the dispersion measure of being paid to aforementioned overlapped period the back with aforementioned flashlight from aforementioned interference light generating device and approximately equates.
11. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned chromatic dispersion is paid element and comprised optical fiber, and is aforementioned with reference to light to guide,
Aforementioned optical fiber has fiber lengths, makes it pay aforementioned dispersion measure with reference to light and approximates the dispersion measure that aforementioned flashlight is paid greatly.
12. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned chromatic dispersion is paid element and is comprised glass blocks, can predetermined dispersion measure be paid to aforementioned with reference to light.
13. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned chromatic dispersion is paid element and is comprised the density optical filter, can predetermined dispersion measure be paid to aforementioned with reference to light.
14. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that:
More comprise compensating element,, revise the faultage image on the aforementioned optical fundus that forms by aforementioned second image formation component according to the aforementioned aberration of being examined the eyeball optics system of eye.
15. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned interference light generating device is from carrying out previous segmentation to aforementioned overlapped period; Aforementioned flashlight is through the aggregate value of the dispersion measure of most optical modules; With aforementioned interference light generating device from carrying out previous segmentation to aforementioned overlapped period, aforementioned approximately equal through the aggregate value of the dispersion measure of most optical modules with reference to light.
16. eyeground observing device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that:
Aforementioned interference light generating device is from carrying out previous segmentation to aforementioned overlapped period; The dispersion measure that aforementioned flashlight is paid by air; With aforementioned interference light generating device from carrying out previous segmentation to aforementioned overlapped period, aforementioned dispersion measure of being paid by air with reference to light equates generally.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
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| JP2006-003066 | 2006-01-10 | ||
| JP2006003065A JP2007181631A (en) | 2006-01-10 | 2006-01-10 | Fundus observation system |
| JP2006-003065 | 2006-01-10 | ||
| JP2006003065 | 2006-01-10 | ||
| JP2006003066 | 2006-01-10 | ||
| JP2006003066A JP2007181632A (en) | 2006-01-10 | 2006-01-10 | Fundus observation device |
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| CN100998495A CN100998495A (en) | 2007-07-18 |
| CN100998495B true CN100998495B (en) | 2012-01-25 |
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| JP4869757B2 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2012-02-08 | 株式会社トプコン | Fundus observation device |
| FI120958B (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2010-05-31 | Optomed Oy | Illumination of the body |
| DE102008000225B3 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2009-03-26 | Linos Photonics Gmbh & Co. Kg | fundus |
| JP4732541B2 (en) | 2008-10-24 | 2011-07-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | Adapter, optical tomographic imaging device, program, ophthalmic device |
| JP5610706B2 (en) | 2009-05-22 | 2014-10-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | Imaging apparatus and imaging method |
| JP6014026B2 (en) * | 2010-06-01 | 2016-10-25 | オプトビュー，インコーポレーテッド | Enhanced ophthalmic measurement method and apparatus |
| CN102525404B (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2015-09-30 | 尼德克株式会社 | Ophthalmoligic instrument |
| CN102389290B (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2013-07-03 | 温州医学院眼视光研究院 | Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography system |
| JP6143421B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2017-06-07 | キヤノン株式会社 | Optical coherence tomography apparatus and method |
| DE102012019469A1 (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-03 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Method for the realization of OCT and other image recordings of an eye |
| US9723978B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2017-08-08 | Nidek Co., Ltd. | Fundus photography device |
| CN105011900B (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2018-02-02 | 卡尔蔡司医疗技术公司 | Method and apparatus for generating wide visual field optical coherence body tomographic map |
| EP3570725A4 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2020-10-07 | Duke University | Optical coherence tomography device and system |
| JP2017159089A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | Fundus imaging apparatus |
| CN111542257B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2023-07-18 | 韩国光技术院 | Composite optical image photographing device for ophthalmology and control method thereof |
| CN109691977B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2023-11-28 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Non-confocal adaptive optical imaging system |
| CN111166283A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-19 | 深圳盛达同泽科技有限公司 | Fundus shooting system |
| CN111820866B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2023-07-18 | 嘉兴中润光学科技股份有限公司 | Fundus illumination system |
| CN113229777B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-09-23 | 上海美沃精密仪器股份有限公司 | Visual quality analyzer |
| CN113509142B (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2023-06-02 | 天津市索维电子技术有限公司 | Large-vision retina examination device |
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| CN100998495A (en) | 2007-07-18 |
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