CN100488308C - Intelligent antenna based on digital wave beam formation - Google Patents
Intelligent antenna based on digital wave beam formation Download PDFInfo
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- CN100488308C CN100488308C CNB031318487A CN03131848A CN100488308C CN 100488308 C CN100488308 C CN 100488308C CN B031318487 A CNB031318487 A CN B031318487A CN 03131848 A CN03131848 A CN 03131848A CN 100488308 C CN100488308 C CN 100488308C
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Abstract
A method for implementing the intelligent antenna based on beam forming technology and its device are relative to the intelligent antenna in mobile communication field. It includes following steps: configures application mode; the switched beam configuration; beam forming and base band processing; the evaluation of each cell traffic volume; the measurement for link performance; based on the algorithm and measurement parameter renewing parameter of beam forming; based on the algorithm and measurement parameter renewing the application mode. The antenna comprises: array antenna; upstream radio frequency channel unit; downstream radio channel unit; upstream beam forming unit; downstream beam forming unit, base band processor; beam processing controller. It can flexibly make adjustment for beam forming and change the coverage 's shape of sector to balance the traffic volume.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the intelligent antenna technology of field of mobile communication.
Background technology
Since the nineties, the ARRAY PROCESSING technology is introduced moving communicating field, has formed a new research focus-smart antenna very soon.Smart antenna improve system communication quality, alleviate radio communication growing with the frequency spectrum resource deficiency contradiction, reduce the entire system cost and improve aspect such as system management, all have the advantage of uniqueness.Initial intelligent antenna technology is mainly used in radar, sonar, military antijam communication, is used for finishing space filtering and location etc.In recent years, development and going deep into along with mobile communication to aspects such as mobile communication radio wave propagation, networking technology, antenna theories, developing rapidly of modern digital signal processing technology, intelligent antenna technology are used to have the mobile communication of complicated radio propagation environment.The essence of smart antenna is under the situation of not obvious increase system complexity, can satisfy the needs of the service quality and the network capacity extension.In fact it makes the communication resource no longer be confined to time-domain (TDMA), frequency domain (FDMA) or sign indicating number territory (CDMA) and has been extended to spatial domain, belongs to space division multiple access (SDMA) system.
Antenna system structure and algorithm, network control and planning are the subject matter that smart antenna need be considered.It is the key technology of smart antenna that wave beam forms.Wave beam formation is that wave beam amplitude, beam position and the wave beam dead-center position to array antenna controlled.When desired orientation guarantees the high-gain beam position, form wave beam zero point at interference radiating way.Change pattern shapes by the weighted amplitude and the weighted phases of regulating each array element.At present, a lot of about the theoretical algorithm of smart antenna, multiple sorting technique is arranged.Smart antenna can be divided into switched-beam and adaptive beam two big classes on the wave beam control forms.Switched-beam switches based on wave beam.Adaptive beam is adjusted automatically based on wave beam.The commercial algorithm of any maturation need be separated key issues such as annual reporting law realizability, algorithm expense, algorithm performance, algorithm compatibility.
At United States Patent (USP) United States Patent6,236,866, the thought that the adaptive antenna wave beam is controlled has been proposed in " Adaptive antenna patterncontrol for a multiple access communication system ".Discussed the advantage of this method that adopt in the patent, can reach " cell breathing " automatically, do not discussed the specific implementation method for the CDMA communication system.The SPOTLIGHT system of Metawave company realizes that radio frequency beam forms, and does not have the base band wave beam to form flexible configuration.More external scholars propose some smart antenna algorithms.As: Least Squares De-spread Respired MultitargetArray (LS-DRMTA), Least Squares De-spread Re-spread Multitarget ConstabtModulus AlogorithmArray (LS-DRMTCMA), from S.Rappaport, J.Liberti, " SmartAntennas for Wireless Communications:IS-95 and Third Generation CDMAApplications ", also has Piolt Symol-Assisted Decision-Directed CoherentAdaptive Array Diversity for DS-CDMA Mobile Radio Reverse Link, a difficulty from the IEICETRANS.FUNDANENTALS.1997. said method is that algorithm complex is higher, in order to satisfy the real-time of algorithm, convergence causes the base station cost too high.Needs such as additional information that needs in the algorithm such as multidiameter delay change the structure and the application mode of baseband processor.Simultaneously, switching, Radio Resource control and management also need to upgrade.These variations cause the structure of antenna system and non intelligent antenna system different, have limited the flexibility of using
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of switched-beam smart antenna implementation method based on intelligent wave beam, and proposes a kind of antenna of realizing the method.Implement technical scheme of the present invention, make that antenna system can flexible configuration and conventional base station compatible, cost performance and autgmentability are preferably arranged, realize obtaining compromise between the property at algorithm performance and algorithm.
The switched-beam smart antenna implementation method based on intelligent wave beam among the present invention comprises:
Step 1 (102): configuration application mode;
Step 2 (103): switched-beam configuration;
Step 3 (104): wave beam forms, conventional Base-Band Processing;
Step 4 (105): each cell business volume assessment;
Step 5 (106): link performance is measured;
Step 6 (107): according to algorithm and measurement parameter, wave beam forms parameter update;
Step 7 (108): according to algorithm and measurement parameter, application mode is upgraded.
The switched-beam smart antenna based on intelligent wave beam among the present invention comprises that array antenna (21), unit, up radio-frequency channel (22), downlink radio frequency channel unit (26), uplink beam form unit (23), downlink wave beam forms unit (26), baseband processor (24), wave beam processing controller (27); Described array antenna is made up of a plurality of array elements, correspondingly, unit, up radio-frequency channel and downlink radio frequency channel unit also are made up of a plurality of up radio-frequency channels and a plurality of downlink radio frequency passage, each array element connects a uplink and downlink radio-frequency channel, forms the unit by wave beam again and is connected with baseband processor; The conversion of radio frequency to baseband signal finished in the radio-frequency channel; Beam-former is finished digital beam and is formed, and finishes the conversion of array element territory signal to wave beam territory signal; With the conventional array element signals of the corresponding one-tenth of wave beam territory signal, be input to the antenna input of base station baseband MODEM, finish up process; The user profile that descending process is come out from baseband processor, formation is arrived the array element territory with signal map through downlink wave beam, launches through each radio-frequency channel and array antenna again, finishes descending process.
Above-mentioned antenna, its array structure can be that each array is made up of four array elements, and array element is half-wavelength at interval; Uplink beam formation unit and downlink wave beam formation unit are formed by a plurality of wave beams to be formed, and each wave beam forms corresponding to four array elements.Each wave beam forms and comprises four groups of multiply-add operation devices, and every group of multiply-add operation device comprises four complex multipliers and an accumulator.
Adopt method provided by the invention:
1) flexible wave beam changes the covering shape of sector, even can further change the covering shape of whole sub-district, thus the balance traffic carrying capacity, and the dynamic optimization network planning improves network capacity;
2) utilize 1 ~ 2 of generation in advance to cover whole sector, that is to say that a sector is to be covered by 1 ~ 2 narrow beam, because the use of narrow beam then can reduce other users' interference, under specific (special) requirements, can increase the number of narrow beam.
Adopt antenna of the present invention:
1) system configuration is flexible.Only need to change the Channel Processing plate in the conventional system into smart antenna Channel Processing plate and can finish the upgrading of conventional base station to intelligent antenna base station, hardware system originally is constant.A base station can be configured to the mixture of conventional base station and intelligent antenna base station as required.
2) realization property is good.Adopt conventional RAKE receiver technology, can directly adopt ready-made chip, avoided some key issues.System realizes adopting general asic technology can reach requirement.
3) compatible good.Utilize existing base station controller and radio resource management function to greatest extent.The advantage that handle in compatible spatial domain, time domain is handled, diversity is handled improves the system handles gain.Handoff technique also can compatible be realized in conventional system.Can be compatible for level hardware after the system.
4) cost performance is good.Because this method has been used existing treatment technology and equipment to greatest extent, takes into account cost, performance preferably, thereby is with a wide range of applications.
5) favorable expandability.Implementation structure and implementation platform based on intelligent wave beam provided by the invention can also be supported multiple algorithm.In wave beam control 27, can inject different base band algorithms, realize different functions.
Description of drawings
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is a method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of enforcement block diagram of antenna applications in the WCDMA system among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the array junctions composition that an embodiment of the antenna among the present invention adopts;
Fig. 4 is that the uplink baseband wave beam that the antenna among the present invention adopts forms the enforcement block diagram;
Fig. 5 is that the downgoing baseband wave beam that the antenna among the present invention adopts forms the enforcement block diagram;
Fig. 6: a kind of enforcement block diagram of the antenna applications among the present invention in the WCDMA system;
Fig. 7: a kind of enforcement block diagram of the antenna applications among the present invention in cdma2000;
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is applied to a kind of enforcement block diagram in the WCDMA system for the present invention.Comprise: array element (21), data feedback channel (22), uplink beam forms (23), Base-Band Processing (24), downlink wave beam forms (25), down going channel (26).
Spacing wave is from antenna 2101 ... 2112 enter data feedback channel 2201 ... 2212, the IQ baseband signal of generation enters uplink beam and forms 231 ... 233, export 12 groups of wave beam territory signals, these 12 groups of wave beam territory signals directly enter 12 inputs of baseband processing chip.After downlink data enters baseband processing chip, output to corresponding output, enter downlink wave beam and form 251 according to the information of upstream data ... 253, enter bay 2101 through down going channel again ... 2112 launch.
The array structure that the present invention adopts as shown in Figure 3.4 array element linear arrays.Array element is half-wavelength at interval.
Uplink beam among Fig. 2 forms as shown in Figure 4.Among Fig. 2 231 comprises 41,42,43,44 4 groups of multiply-add operation devices of Fig. 4.Comprise 411,412,413,414 4 complex multipliers in 41 arithmetic units, its coefficient is w
0=(w
00, w
01, w
02, w
03), import by the outside.415 is accumulator.
Downlink wave beam among Fig. 2 forms as shown in Figure 5.Among Fig. 2 251 comprises 51,52,53,54 4 groups of arithmetic units and the 55 accumulator groups of Fig. 5.Comprise 511,512,513,514 4 complex multipliers in 51 arithmetic units, its coefficient is w
0=(w
00, w
01, w
02, w
03), import by the outside.55 accumulator groups are made up of 551,552,553,554 accumulators.
The control of uplink and downlink wave beam forming is finished in wave beam control 27 among Fig. 2.Wave beam forming can be according to the traffic carrying capacity balance, artificial set, high-rise feedback, algorithm etc. is controlled when empty.
Wave beam forms 231 ... 233 owing to finish in base band, and therefore application mode is very flexibly arranged.The applied environment that the different application mode is corresponding different.Three 4 array element line array configurations are used in the antenna array configuration of native system, and 120 ° of line array angles are supported 12 passages, as shown in Figure 3 altogether.Fig. 2 is a kind of typical application mode.The advantage of this mode is that handle and the beam diversity technology in compromise traffic balance, spatial domain.
The present invention shown in Figure 6 is applied to another the enforcement block diagram in the WCDMA system.Up based on traffic balance.There is not the spatial domain to handle.
Spacing wave is from antenna 6101 ... 6112 enter data feedback channel 6201 ... 6212, the IQ baseband signal of generation enters uplink beam and forms 631 ... 633, export 6 groups of wave beam territory signals, these 6 groups of wave beam territory signals directly enter 6 inputs of baseband processing chip.Because CSM5200 supports 6 sector diversity.Therefore, 6 sector situations of above-mentioned 6 groups of wave beam territory signal indications, the diversity antenna input conductively-closed of each sector is fallen.After downlink data enters baseband processing chip, output to corresponding output, enter downlink wave beam and form 651 according to the information of upstream data ... 653, enter bay 6101 through down going channel again ... 6112 launch.
Fig. 7 the present invention is applied to a kind of enforcement block diagram in the cdma2000.With the traffic balance is main purpose, does not consider empty branch effect.
Spacing wave is from antenna 7101 ... 7112 enter data feedback channel 7201 ... 7212, the IQ baseband signal of generation enters uplink beam and forms 731 ... 733, export 6 groups of wave beam territory signals, these 6 groups of wave beam territory signals directly enter 6 inputs of baseband processing chip.Because CSM5000 supports 6 sector diversity.Therefore, 6 sector situations of above-mentioned 6 groups of wave beam territory signal indications, the diversity antenna input conductively-closed of each sector is fallen.After downlink data enters baseband processing chip, output to corresponding output, enter downlink wave beam and form 751 according to the information of upstream data ... 753, enter bay 7101 through down going channel again ... 7112 launch.Descendingly do not consider that diversity handles yet, form 6 wave beams.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of smart antenna that forms based on digital beam comprises that array antenna (21), unit, up radio-frequency channel (22), downlink radio frequency channel unit (26), uplink beam form unit (23), downlink wave beam forms unit (26), baseband processor (24), wave beam processing controller (27); Described array antenna is made up of a plurality of array elements, correspondingly, unit, up radio-frequency channel and downlink radio frequency channel unit also are made up of a plurality of up radio-frequency channels and a plurality of downlink radio frequency passage, each array element connects a uplink and downlink radio-frequency channel, forms the unit by wave beam again and is connected with baseband processor; The conversion of radio frequency to baseband signal finished in the radio-frequency channel: Beam-former is finished digital beam and is formed, and finishes the conversion of array element territory signal to wave beam territory signal; With the conventional array element signals of the corresponding one-tenth of wave beam territory signal, be input to the antenna input of base station baseband MODEM, finish up process; The user profile that descending process is come out from baseband processor, formation is arrived the array element territory with signal map through downlink wave beam, launches through each radio-frequency channel and array antenna again, finishes descending process.
2, the described smart antenna that forms based on digital beam of claim 1, it is characterized in that: array structure is that each array is made up of four array elements, array element is half-wavelength at interval; Uplink beam formation unit and downlink wave beam formation unit are formed by a plurality of wave beams to be formed, and each wave beam forms corresponding to four array elements.
3, the described smart antenna that forms based on digital beam of claim 2, it is characterized in that: each wave beam forms and comprises four groups of multiply-add operation devices, and every group of multiply-add operation device comprises four complex multipliers and an accumulator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031318487A CN100488308C (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2003-06-06 | Intelligent antenna based on digital wave beam formation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031318487A CN100488308C (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2003-06-06 | Intelligent antenna based on digital wave beam formation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1553717A CN1553717A (en) | 2004-12-08 |
| CN100488308C true CN100488308C (en) | 2009-05-13 |
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| CNB031318487A Expired - Lifetime CN100488308C (en) | 2003-06-06 | 2003-06-06 | Intelligent antenna based on digital wave beam formation |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101253720B (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2011-10-05 | 高通股份有限公司 | Wireless messaging preambles allowing for beamforming and legacy device coexistence |
| CN1866620B (en) * | 2005-05-18 | 2011-05-25 | 普天信息技术研究院 | Method for adaptively regulating intelligent antenna wave beam width |
| CN100442685C (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2008-12-10 | 东南大学 | Device for forming annular array beam in VAN |
| US9209523B2 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2015-12-08 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for modular multi-sector active antenna system |
| US9130271B2 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2015-09-08 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for an active antenna system with near-field radio frequency probes |
| EP3400732B1 (en) * | 2016-01-08 | 2020-08-26 | Commscope Technologies LLC | System and method for carrier aggregation using beamforming |
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2003
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