CN100483446C - Non-contact optical fingerprint image collecting method and system - Google Patents
Non-contact optical fingerprint image collecting method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This invention relates to a contact-free optical image collection method for fingerprints, when a finger gets close to a fingerprint sensor window, light sources irradiate it at different positions to form profile shadows of different projecting directions, then an image sensor takes the shadow images of different directions, then the image brightness is uniformed and the image is composite to generate a clear fingerprint image. The system includes controllable light sources, an optical imaging lens, an image sensor, a light source synchronization device and an image process operation device storing the program with an algorithm of uniform image brightness and image composite algorithm and matched with 3 or more than 3 illumination sources.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the fingerprint sensor field, relate in particular to a kind of non-contact optical fingerprint collecting method and system.
Background technology:
Existing fingerprint sensor is when gathering fingerprint image, and finger must contact with the sensor acquisition window.Accompanying drawing 1 has been represented the image-forming principle and the light path feature of present optical fingerprint sensor: finger is restrained on the inclined-plane of reflecting prism 1.2 c.From the incident light that light source 1.1 sends, see through the bottom surface a of total reflection prism 1.2, arrive by the inclined-plane c that finger is arranged.According to the total reflection principle of light, the bossing (crestal line) of finger texture is because of contacting with prism, and incident light is by finger and produce diffusion; And the sunk part (valley line) of finger texture makes the prism of this part still keep the total reflection condition state because of not contacting with prism surface.So, shine the incident light of fingerprint valley line part, all reflected away, pass the b face of prism, by lens A1.4 and lens B1.5 are focused on.Thereby on imageing sensor 1.3, form clear, a light and dark fingerprint shadow.Through opto-electronic conversion and necessary the processing, just can obtain a frame fingerprint image.
Existing fingerprint sensor apparatus must be gathered fingerprint in the mode of contact, and when restraining fingerprint, the different of size and Orientation because finger is exerted oneself have produced the randomness fingerprint elastic deformation, and this is one of key factor that influences the fingerprint recognition rate.In addition, the contact fingerprint collecting stays the residual trace of fingerprint at sensor surface, and not only interfere with subsequent fingerprint recognition, and leakage finger print information causes potential safety hazard.In the frequent public situation of fingerprint authentication, also there is the problem of microbial contamination, physical abrasion in sensor.
Summary of the invention:
In order to overcome the deficiency of said structure, the invention provides a kind of non-contact optical fingerprint collecting method and system.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems.This non-contact optical fingerprint image collecting method, when pointing near the fingerprint sensor window, light source is at different position irradiation fingers, form the profile shade of the different projecting directions of finger print, absorb with the shadow image of imageing sensor with the different shade directions of finger print, pass through brightness of image homogenising, two processing procedures of image compose operation again, produce a clear and legible finger print image.
Among the present invention with the same colorama lighting light source more than 3 or 3, well-balanced being distributed in the same plane, this light source plane is between imageing sensor and sensor window, and is and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be on same the axis with the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens; Open each lighting source successively, in each light illumination moment, the shadow image that will point different shade directions with imageing sensor one by one absorbs, and promptly absorbs the multiframe shadow image in a period of time.
Among the present invention with the monochromation illumination light source of 3 or 3 above different wave lengths, well-balanced being distributed in the same plane, this light source plane is between imageing sensor and sensor window, and is and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be on same the axis with the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens; Open different locational lighting sources simultaneously, moment is absorbed a frame about pointing the multicolor image of different shade directions throwing light on.
Non-contact optical fingerprint image acquisition system of the present invention, this system mainly comprise controllable light source, optical imagery camera lens, imageing sensor, light source sync control device and Flame Image Process arithmetic unit; Store the program of band brightness of image homogenising algorithm, image composition algorithm in the Flame Image Process arithmetic unit; The lighting source of configuration more than 3 or 3, lighting source is the monochromation illumination light source with colorama lighting light source or different wave length, well-balanced being distributed in the same plane, this light source plane are between imageing sensor and imageing sensor window, and be and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be in the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens on same the axis.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: avoid taking place deformation when the invention provides a kind of collection fingerprint, avoid contact stain, do not stay the fingerprint collecting method and the equipment of the residual trace of fingerprint, discrimination height and error rate are minimum.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is existing optical fingerprint sensor image-forming principle and light path feature synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a system architecture synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the system entity structural representation of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the inner structure synoptic diagram of the fingerprint collecting processing module part of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the system entity structural representation of embodiments of the invention 2;
Description of reference numerals: light source 1.1, prism 1.2, imageing sensor 1.3, lens A1.4, lens B1.5, controllable light source 4.1, optical imagery camera lens 4.2, imageing sensor 4.3, light source sync control device 4.4, Flame Image Process arithmetic unit 4.5, concolores light source 5.1, red light source 5.11, green light source 5.12, blue-light source 5.13, optical imagery camera lens 5.2, cmos sensor 5.3, color cmos sensor 5.31, fingerprint collecting processing module 5.4, axis 5.5, sensor window 5.6, DSP digital signal processor 6.1, RAM data-carrier store 6.2, FLASH program storage 6.3, on-off circuit 6.4.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is done a step explanation.
Embodiment 1: this non-contact optical fingerprint image collecting method, and with the same colorama lighting light source more than 3 or 3, well-balanced being distributed in the same plane, this light source plane is between imageing sensor and sensor window, and is and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be on same the axis with the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens; Open each lighting source successively, in each light illumination moment, the shadow image that will point different shade directions with imageing sensor one by one absorbs, and promptly absorbs the multiframe shadow image in a period of time.
Because shadow image absorbs under the side light condition, and factors such as finger (as finger) plane inclination or bending, make each two field picture that is absorbed present the phenomenon of " bright dark inequality ", need carry out the brightness of image homogenising to handle, concrete grammar is:
1), establishing the image about pointing different shade directions that is absorbed is I
k(i, j), it is that a frame sign is the image array of M * N, I (i, the j) gray-scale value of the capable j row of expression i place pixel, I
k(i, j) be one group of multiframe of absorbing successively about pointing the gray-scale map of different shade directions, subscript k is the numbering of each two field picture;
2), make up digital filter A, it is the square formation of (2n+1) * (2n+1), the present invention gets n according to fingerprint ridge line width statistical law〉8, each element a in this square formation
IjThe value computing formula be a
Ij=2
2n-|i-n|-|j-n|, wherein i and j represent that respectively each element in this square formation is expert at, the ordinal number of column;
3), use digital filter A respectively to each frame gray level image I
k(i j) makes convolution algorithm, i.e. C
k(i, j)=I
k(i, j) * A filters the high fdrequency component among the former figure, obtains the image template C that multiframe has only kept necessary low frequency component
k(i, j);
4), respectively to each above-mentioned image template C
k(i j) carries out inverse and handles, that is: R
k(i, j)=255-C
k(i j), obtains inverse image template R
k(i, j);
5), with inverse image template R
k(i, j), respectively to the former figure I of each self-corresponding each frame
k(i j) carries out brightness uniformity and handles, promptly
, obtain multiframe and keep necessary profile information, the even brightness image M
k(i, j).
Final step is the image M of handling through brightness uniformity at each frame
k(i, the shadow outline that is comprised in j) is synthesized to a frame gray level image I
G(i, j) in; Specific algorithm is: the traversal image M
k(i, j) in each pixel, same position pixel intensity size in each frame gray level image is relatively got the synthetic new gray level image I of a frame of its minimum value one by one
G(i, j), i.e. I
G(i, j)=min[M
k(i, j)].
Accompanying drawing 2 has been represented unified kind of preferable system structure design of non-contact optical fingerprint collecting.Two technical schemes of the present invention (system A, system B) have all adopted this system constituted mode.
System A is made up of system units such as controllable light source 4.1, optical imagery camera lens 4.2, imageing sensor 4.3, light source sync control device 4.4, Flame Image Process arithmetic units 4.5.Wherein:
Controllable light source 4.1 is become by the same colorama lighting light sources more than 3 or 3, and they are the center with the finger, well-balanced being distributed in the same plane, this light source plane imageing sensor with point between, and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be in the optical axis of finger center, sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens on same the axis.
Light source sync control device 4.4 is connected with controllable light source 4.1, imageing sensor respectively, by the interior computer program of establishing, controls each lighting source and opens and closes successively, at illumination moment picked-up multiple image.
Flame Image Process arithmetic unit 4.5 carries out brightness uniformity and the synthetic processing of image for containing the computer software and hardware system that " processing of brightness of image homogenising " reaches " image compose operation " program to the view data of imageing sensor picked-up.
Open and close for more than 4.1 time under the conversion in controllable light source, multiframe contains the finger image with different shade directions, see through optical imagery camera lens 4.2, absorbed by imageing sensor 4.3, be sent to Flame Image Process arithmetic unit 4.5, carry out processing such as brightness uniformity, image be synthetic, export the complete fingerprint image of a frame.
Light source sync control device 4.4 and Flame Image Process arithmetic unit 4.5 that present embodiment is represented with accompanying drawing 2, design is in same fingerprint collecting processing module 5.4.This module is made up of function elements such as on-off circuit, DSP digital signal processor, RAM data-carrier store, FLASH program storages; On-off circuit has operation circuit to draw, and is connected with controllable light source a, b, c, d; DSP numeral letter processor is carried out two-way the connection with cmos sensor, sends control image capture signal, the fingerprint image data that sensor will absorb (referring to accompanying drawing 3) by DSP to cmos sensor.
Accompanying drawing 3 has been represented according to the A of system technical scheme in the present embodiment, the system entity structural drawing of a preferred embodiment of being finished.Controllable light source adopts a, b, and c, four concolores light sources 5.1 of d, they are symmetrically distributed in the same plane, and this plane is parallel with sensor window 5.6, and the light source planar central should be on same the axis 5.5 with sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens 5.2; Imageing sensor 5.3 is for having the monochromatic CMOS of numeral output.
1) DSP digital signal processor 6.1 is according to the software instruction in the FLASH program storage 6.3, open and close the lighting source of diverse location successively by on-off circuit 6.4, and the image capture of control cmos sensor 5.3 is synchronous constantly with each illumination;
2) DSP digital signal processor 6.1 reads softwares such as brightness of image homogenising algorithm in the FLASH program storage 6.3, image composition algorithm, multiple image is carried out brightness uniformity, the synthetic processing of image, complete fingerprint image is temporarily write in the RAM data-carrier store 6.2; DSP and the suitable moment with RAM in temporary image output.
Parameter when below being the relevant CMOS of present embodiment interpreting blueprints is selected, in sequential control and the image processing process, the several technical essentials that note:
In the middle of practical application, keep finger to stablize motionless relatively difficulty for a long time.With the imageing sensor of 60 frame/seconds, whenever getting 4 width of cloth images approximately needs 67 milliseconds, and finger must not move greater than 0.5 millimeter during this period---promptly to control within 7.5 mm/second.Cause the image congruencing offset deviation for fear of the finger shake, influence quality of image processing, sample rate is per second 60 frames at least, obtain image with fast speeds as far as possible.
Under the prerequisite that guarantees with the fast speeds reading images, control the exposure of diverse location light source and the sequential of image capture well, concrete grammar is: the DSP signal processor activates the software program of keeping here in the FLASH program storage, monitor, also write down the frame signal of sending from CMOS, and be foundation with the frame signal, the unlatching of control light source, it is synchronous to realize that illumination and cmos image read.When program begins, at first open light source a, meanwhile, CMOS enters exposure cycle I, reads first two field picture; Open another location light source b again, CMOS enters exposure cycle II, reads the next frame image; Until opening light source d, read the 4th two field picture.
The brightness of image homogenising is handled: the process that is actually a filtering image low-frequency component.Because of using the factors such as surface configuration of lateral light source lighting or subject, often make image in certain limit, present the phenomenon of " bright dark inequality ".For the brightness that makes image even: at first will design suitable digital filter, original image is carried out Fuzzy processing, and convert anti-phase figure to, the obfuscation radius depends on need keeping the pixel count of details in the image; At last the anti-phase figure of obfuscation is mixed stack with original image and get its average.
Image compose operation: the brightness value on the same position on every width of cloth image is compared, get minimum value then.The image that is obtained is a complete fingerprint image thus.
Embodiment 2: because embodiment 1 absorbs multiple image in a period of time successively, so require finger to keep static relatively in the corresponding time period, if finger is subjected to displacement, then can cause image fault when multiple image is synthetic in capture process.In order to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, be monochromation illumination light source in the present embodiment with 3 or 3 above different wave lengths (color), well-balanced being distributed in the same plane, this light source plane are between imageing sensor and sensor window, and be and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be on same the axis with the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens; Open different locational lighting sources simultaneously, moment is absorbed a frame about pointing the multicolor image of different shade directions throwing light on.
Described multicolor image carries out the brightness of image homogenising to be handled, and concrete steps are as follows:
1), set absorbed about point different shade direction multicolor images be H (i, j), it is that a frame sign is the image array of M * N; (i j) represents that i is capable, three components of RGB (being red, green, blue brightness separately) value of j row place pixel to H;
2), to this multicolor image H (i j) carries out color separation processing, generates independently monochrome image of 3 frames, that is: H (i, j)=[R (and i, j), G (i, j), B (i, j)]=I '
k(i, j), subscript k represents the monochrome image of the different components of RGB three frames;
3), with digital filter A respectively to 3 frames monochrome image I ' independently
k(i j) makes convolution algorithm, i.e. C '
k(i, j)=I '
k(i, j) * A filters the high fdrequency component among the former figure, obtains the image template C ' that multiframe has only kept necessary low frequency component
k(i, j);
4), respectively to each above-mentioned image template C '
k(i j) carries out inverse and handles, that is: R '
k(i, j)=255-C '
k(i j), obtains inverse image template R '
k(i, j):
6.5), with inverse image template R '
k(i, j), respectively to the former figure I ' of each self-corresponding each frame
k(i j) carries out brightness uniformity and handles, promptly
, obtain multiframe and keep necessary profile information, the even brightness image M '
k(i, j).
At last, will be at the monochrome image M ' of multiframe through the brightness uniformity processing
k(i, j) in each self-contained shadow image information, be synthesized to a frame gray level image I '
G(i, j) in; Specific algorithm is: traversal monochrome image M '
k(i, j) in each pixel, same position pixel intensity size in each frame monochrome image is relatively got its minimum value, i.e. I ' one by one
G(i, j)=min[M '
k(i, j)], the synthetic new gray level image I ' of a frame
G(i, j).
As previously mentioned, present embodiment 2 B of system have adopted the identical system architecture with the A of system on hardware design, promptly also form (referring to accompanying drawing 2) by parts such as controllable light source 4.1, optical imagery camera lens 4.2, imageing sensor 4.3, light source sync control device 4.4, Flame Image Process arithmetic units 4.5.Just the light source type and the software program in the Flame Image Process arithmetic unit 4.5 of controllable light source 4.1 are different.Wherein:
Controllable light source 4.1 is made up of the monochromation illumination light source of 3 or 3 above different wave lengths, well-balanced being distributed in the same plane, and this light source plane is between imageing sensor and imageing sensor window, and is and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be in the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens on same the axis.
Light source sync control device 4.4 is connected with controllable light source 4.1, imageing sensor respectively, by the interior computer program of establishing, controls each lighting source and opens and closes simultaneously, and moment is absorbed a color image frame throwing light on.
The Flame Image Process arithmetic unit is for containing the computer software and hardware system that chromatic colour " processing of brightness of image homogenising " reaches " image compose operation " program, and the color image data that imageing sensor is absorbed carries out brightness uniformity and the synthetic processing of image.
In the moment of controllable light source 4.1 all light sources of disposable opening, one frame contains the finger chromatic image with different shade directions, see through optical imagery camera lens 4.2, absorbed by imageing sensor 4.3, be sent to and contain the Flame Image Process arithmetic unit 4.5 that band can carry out relevant treatment software to coloured image, carry out processing such as brightness uniformity, image be synthetic, export the complete fingerprint image of a frame.
Accompanying drawing 5 has been represented the technical scheme according to the B of system, the system entity structural drawing of another preferred embodiment of being finished.A is that red light source 5.11, b are that green light source 5.12, c are blue-light source 5.13 in the controllable light source, well-balanced being distributed in the same plane, this plane is parallel with sensor window, and the light source planar central should be on same the axis with finger center, sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens 5.2.
Imageing sensor 5.31 is for having the color cmos of numeral output, and formula employing resolution is that the color cmos image sensors of 640X480 (VGA) is proper.It is widely used in the products such as PC-CAMERA, simple and easy digital camera, is a kind of device that becomes more readily available.Because the B mode is only gathered single-frame images, control section is simple relatively, it should be noted that, color cmos image sensors generally has " Automatic white balance " function, present embodiment does not need this function, if the words of opening can make the color of image distortion, it must be closed.
Above embodiment has described particular content of the present invention, makes those skilled in the art under the situation that does not break away from content of the present invention, scope, need not any creative work and just can make various changes and variation.The present invention attempts to cover all these changes and variation, as long as they drop in the limited range of appended claims and equivalence techniques scheme.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of non-contact optical fingerprint image collecting method, it is characterized in that: with the same colorama lighting light source more than 3 or 3, well-balanced being distributed in the same light source plane, this light source plane are between imageing sensor and sensor window, and be and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be on same the axis with the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens; When pointing near the fingerprint sensor window, open each lighting source successively, in each light illumination moment, the shadow image that to point different shade directions with imageing sensor one by one absorbs, promptly absorb the multiframe shadow image in a period of time, pass through brightness of image homogenising, two processing procedures of image compose operation again, produce a clear and legible finger print image;
Described shadow image carries out the brightness of image homogenising to be handled, and concrete steps are as follows:
1.1), to establish the image about pointing different shade directions that is absorbed be I
k(i, j), it is that a frame sign is the image array of M * N, I (i, the j) gray-scale value of the capable j row of expression i place pixel, I
k(i, j) be one group of multiframe of absorbing successively about pointing the gray-scale map of different shade directions, subscript k is the numbering of each two field picture;
1.2), make up digital filter A, it is the square formation of (2n+1) * (2n+1), each element a in this square formation
IjThe value computing formula be a
Ij=2
2n-|i-n|-|j-n|, wherein i and j represent that respectively each element in this square formation is expert at, the ordinal number of column;
1.3), with digital filter A respectively to each frame gray level image I
k(i j) makes convolution algorithm, i.e. C
k(i, j)=I
k(i, j) * A filters the high fdrequency component among the former figure, obtains the image template C that multiframe has only kept necessary low frequency component
k(i, j);
1.4), respectively to each above-mentioned image template C
k(i j) carries out inverse and handles, that is: R
k(i, j)=255-C
k(i j), obtains inverse image template R
k(i, j);
1.5), with inverse image template R
k(i, j), respectively to the former figure I of each self-corresponding each frame
k(i j) carries out brightness uniformity and handles, promptly
Obtain multiframe and keep necessary profile information, the even brightness image M
k(i, j).
2, non-contact optical fingerprint image collecting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: will be in the image M of each frame through the brightness uniformity processing
k(i, the shadow outline that is comprised in j) is synthesized to a frame gray level image I
G(i, j) in; Specific algorithm is: the traversal image M
k(i, j) in each pixel, same position pixel intensity size in each frame gray level image is relatively got the synthetic new gray level image I of a frame of its minimum value one by one
G(i, j), i.e. I
G(i, j)=min[M
k(i, j)].
3, a kind of non-contact optical fingerprint image collecting method, it is characterized in that: with the monochromation illumination light source of 3 or 3 above different wave lengths, well-balanced being distributed in the same light source plane, this light source plane are between imageing sensor and sensor window, and be and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be on same the axis with the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens; When pointing near the fingerprint sensor window, open different locational lighting sources simultaneously, moment is absorbed a frame about pointing the multicolor image of different shade directions throwing light on, pass through brightness of image homogenising, two processing procedures of image compose operation again, produce a clear and legible finger print image;
Described multicolor image carries out the brightness of image homogenising to be handled, and concrete steps are as follows:
3.1), set absorbed about point different shade direction multicolor images be H (i, j), it is that a frame sign is the image array of M * N; (i j) represents that i is capable, three component values of RGB of j row place pixel to H;
3.2), to this multicolor image H (i j) carries out color separation processing, generates independently monochrome image of 3 frames, that is: H (i, j)=[R (and i, j), G (i, j), B (i, j)]=I '
k(i, j), subscript k represents the monochrome image of the different components of RGB three frames;
3.3), with digital filter A respectively to 3 frames monochrome image I ' independently
k(i j) makes convolution algorithm, i.e. C '
k(i, j)=I '
k(i, j) * A filters the high fdrequency component among the former figure, obtains the image template C ' that multiframe has only kept necessary low frequency component
k(i, j);
3.4), respectively to each above-mentioned image template C '
k(i j) carries out inverse and handles, that is: R '
k(i, j)=255-C '
k(i j), obtains inverse image template R '
k(i, j);
3.5), with inverse image template R '
k(i, j), respectively to the former figure I ' of each self-corresponding each frame
k(i j) carries out brightness uniformity and handles, promptly
Obtain multiframe and keep necessary profile information, the even brightness image M '
k(i, j).
4, non-contact optical fingerprint image collecting method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: will be at the monochrome image M ' of multiframe through the brightness uniformity processing
k(i, j) in each self-contained shadow image information, be synthesized to a frame gray level image I '
G(i, j) in; Specific algorithm is: traversal monochrome image M '
k(i, j) in each pixel, same position pixel intensity size in each frame monochrome image is relatively got its minimum value, i.e. I ' one by one
G(i, j)=min[M '
k(i, j)], the synthetic new gray level image I ' of a frame
G(i, j).
5, a kind of non-contact optical fingerprint image acquisition system is characterized in that; This system mainly comprises controllable light source (4.1), optical imagery camera lens (4.2), imageing sensor (4.3), light source sync control device (4.4) and Flame Image Process arithmetic unit (4.5); Store the program of the described band brightness of image of claim 1 homogenising algorithm, the described image composition algorithm of claim 2 in the Flame Image Process arithmetic unit (4.5); The lighting source of configuration more than 3 or 3, well-balanced being distributed in the same light source plane, this light source plane is between imageing sensor and imageing sensor window, and is and parallel with the imageing sensor window; The light source planar central should be in the optical axis of sensor window center, optical imagery camera lens on same the axis.
6, non-contact optical fingerprint image acquisition system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: described lighting source is the monochromation illumination light source with colorama lighting light source or different wave length.
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