CN100461730C - A system and method for dynamic beaconing cycle of medium access control distributed reservation protocol - Google Patents
A system and method for dynamic beaconing cycle of medium access control distributed reservation protocol Download PDFInfo
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- CN100461730C CN100461730C CNB2005800041725A CN200580004172A CN100461730C CN 100461730 C CN100461730 C CN 100461730C CN B2005800041725 A CNB2005800041725 A CN B2005800041725A CN 200580004172 A CN200580004172 A CN 200580004172A CN 100461730 C CN100461730 C CN 100461730C
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
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Abstract
A system (400), device (401), and method are provided for decentralized medium access control comprising periodic beacon (600) transmissions of all active devices in beacon slots (204) (302) (303), grouping such beacon slots (204) (302) (303) in at least one contiguous dynamic beacon period (301), and expanding or shrinking this at least one contiguous dynamic beacon period (301) depending on the number of occupied beacon slots (204) (302) (303). The dynamic beacon period (301) adapts to devices (401) joining and leaving the network (400) as well as to collisions of beacon frames(600) on the medium (410).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to an agreement that is used for ultra broadband (UWB) media interviews controls (MAC). or rather, the present invention relates to a dynamic beaconing cycle in the UWB MAC agreement. the most especially, the present invention relates in comprising the UWB MAC agreement of distributed reservation protocol (DRP), shorten and prolong a beacon phase.The invention still further relates to any use and comprise the wireless system of the MAC agreement of distributed reservation protocol.
Background technology
Wireless network uses beacon to set up with keeping and communicates by letter. and MAC agreement has been eliminated needs to network infrastructure by distribution function on all nodes of wireless network.In this MAC agreement, there are not the accessing points or the central coordinator that are used for wireless personal-area network (WPAN), referring to MultiBand OFDM Alliance (MBOA) MAC WirelessMedium Access Control (MAC) Specification For High Rate WirelessPersonal Area Networks (WPAN) (standard of the high-rate wireless personal area network) draft 0.6 in July, 2004, its content is merged by reference at this comprehensively.And, this standard also comprises a distributed reservation protocol (DRP), this agreement is used for announcing via beacon transmissions the use in device transmission time, by receiving the use that beacon is discerned their transmission time from apparatus adjacent, and the use in the transmission time of other device of consideration before emission/reception data. the present inventor be used for this new standard firsthand information one of author and the present invention has been contributed proposal to firsthand information.Meanwhile, several concrete replenishing of the present invention have been made regulation by MBOA.
According to the present invention and the MBOA standard that is associated, with reference to figure 1, in order to keep the coordination between the communicator, all devices all are required to launch regularly beacon 103.For transmit 103 in a zone, device keeps a time cycle that is called as beacon period (BP) 101, beacon period (BP) 101 strictly is used for beacon emissions and reception. and the device group who shares this beacon period 101 is called as beacon group, referring to Fig. 2.Beacon 103 provide the basic timing of network and emission with etc. the relevant information of time reservation.Basic timing structure is a superframe 100100.1100.N.The concrete parameter of this agreement that MBOA has selected is that a length is 65,536[usec] superframe 100, it is made up of 256 media interviews time slots (MAS) 203, wherein, the length of each MAS all is 256[usec].How several types of the numbering of MAS time slot 203 from 0 to 255. time slot use MAS203 to be defined according to this device or near the device it.
Before can setting up communication, device must be created its beacon group or add an existing beacon group 201.For each BP101, continuous MAS203 is used as beacon slot 203, and all devices are all launched their beacon 103 in the meantime.The time started of superframe 100 is begun to come definite and be called as time started beacon period (BPST) by beacon period 101, and MAS time slot 203 was numbered with respect to this time started.When a device just opened a new beacon group, why not it is in office kept the border that afoul that time slot defines this superframe with the time slot of other beacon group.
This makes that distributed MAC protocol is very suitable for using and peer-to-peer network from group.And, by distributed MAC based on the medium made of device keep the sensing and the conflict time of having eliminated on these medium.Yet all beacon can both be sent out during that fixed length beacon period may comprise empty beacon slot or not comprise enough beacon slots, thereby has caused the utilization ratio of shared medium to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The poor efficiency that needs the dynamic beaconing cycle to relax the medium that caused by the fixed beacon cycle uses, and allows the device of maximum quantity to participate in this network simultaneously.
According to the present invention, the structure of planning to identify oneself with those devices beacon .BP301 of transmission during dynamic BP 301 that communicates by letter with other device is illustrated in Fig. 3.Device do not launch during the BP301 outside the beacon frame 103 frame and during BP301 other beacon frame of scanning. the length of BP301 of the present invention is dynamic and comprises a beacon slot 303 that quantity is variable.Although the length of BP is dynamic, yet this BP has the maximum length that certain is provided by a large amount of MAS203 or beacon slot 204.Each MAS time slot 203 all comprises 204 duration of the beacon slot BeaconSlotLength802 of a predetermined quantity, referring to Fig. 8.BP301 may be at the time slot that begins or finish to comprise certain quantity at 302 o'clock, and these time slots are for sky or be preserved for specific purposes.
According to the present invention, the time is divided into each superframe 100 as illustrated in fig. 2.Have a dynamic BP 301 when each superframe 100 beginning, follow by a transfer of data interval/phase 102 its back.In addition as shown in Figure 2, also may one superframe comprise several BP of different beacon group.Each beacon group all has its superframe boundaries.The quantity of the beacon slot 204 among the BP can depend on the quantity rsp.devices of occupied beacon slot in the beacon group and increase and decrease.
In a plurality of beacon frames 103 in the BP101 each is all being followed a short frame pitch (SIFS) and is being added mBeaconGuardTime 803.The maximum length of a beacon frame is mMaxBeaconLength 801.Each beacon slot 303 all has the length of BeaconSlotLength802.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, the method of a distributed medium access control in the communication network that comprises a wireless device at least is provided, comprise the following steps: the time is divided into the sequence of at least one superframe, superframe comprises at least one dynamic beaconing cycle and at least one data transfer cycle, and the described dynamic beaconing cycle has a predetermined maximum and comprises the beacon slot that quantity is variable; By transmission beacon frame in unique time slot of each device in the variable beacon slot of described quantity in the wake-up states beacon is set, described beacon frame comprises information; With the dynamic beaconing cycle that the variable beacon slot of described quantity is combined at least one adjacency.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, a communication network that comprises multiple arrangement is provided, this multiple arrangement comprises the dynamic beaconing cycle that is used for transmitting by above-mentioned distributed medium access control method their beacon frame.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, provide one to come the wireless device of beacon on the management of media with distribution mode, comprising: antenna is used for sending and receiving beacon on wireless medium; Receiver is coupled to antenna so that be received in the beacon of launching on the wireless medium; Transmitter is coupled to antenna so that launch beacon on wireless medium; The beacon process module is used to handle a beacon that sends and receive so that carry out the distributed beaconing management in the media; Processor, be used for the time is divided into the sequence of at least one superframe, each described superframe all has at least one dynamic beaconing cycle, this at least one dynamic beaconing cycle has the distance to go that the predetermined upper limit is arranged and comprises the beacon slot that quantity is variable, and be coupled to: this transmitter of i. and this receiver, so that described at least one dynamic beaconing at least one superframe sent respectively and received beacon frame in the cycle, ii. this beacon process module, so that the form and the length in a. management dynamic beaconing cycle, comprise the length of dynamically determining the dynamic beaconing cycle, comprise predetermined a plurality of beacon slot types, the record beacon slot takies and implements beacon slot and switches, b. the beacon frame that comprises each beacon slot type is formatd so that transmission, make beacon frame announce the beacon frame length of dynamically determining by this device, with c. beacon frame is formatd so that transmit at least one beacon slot, it comprises the beacon slot occupied information.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has illustrated the overall superframe layout of prior art;
Fig. 2 has illustrated superframe structure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 has illustrated a dynamic BP of the present invention;
Fig. 4 has illustrated the wireless network of the device of revising according to the present invention;
Fig. 5 has illustrated a device of revising according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 has illustrated the form of a beacon frame;
Fig. 7 A has illustrated a dynamic beaconing cycle occupancy information element form;
Fig. 7 B has illustrated a beacon slot information field form;
Fig. 8 has illustrated a beacon frame that comprises in the dynamic BP; ,
Fig. 9 A has illustrated example of the mobile beacon frame in the dynamic BP, and
Fig. 9 B has illustrated another example of the mobile beacon frame in the dynamic BP.
Embodiment
Those of ordinary skills are to be understood that, below describing is to be provided for the purpose that illustrates rather than limit. and a technical staff understands, has many variations in the scope of spirit of the present invention and the claim of adding. and the unnecessary known function and the details of operation can be omitted in order to avoid fuzzy the present invention from current explanation.
Fig. 4 has illustrated a typical wireless personal-area network 400 that will use embodiments of the invention.This network comprises a plurality of wireless personal communication devices 401.In conventional method, each device 401 can be added in any from group (ad-hoc) net in its a-n radio range a-n 402, and therefore can participate in the BP more than.
Each wireless device 401 in the WPAN400 shown in Fig. 4 can comprise a system, and this system comprises an architecture that is illustrated in Fig. 5.As shown, each wireless device 401 can comprise an antenna 509 that is coupled to receiver 502, and receiver 502 is communicated by letter on wireless medium 510. and each device 401 all also comprises a processor 503 and a beacon process module 504.For example, in a device, processor 503 is arranged to from receiver 502 one of reception and comprises one or more beacon frames 601 with beacon period occupancy information element (BPOIE) 602i of corresponding beacon position, and be configured to use beacon process module 504 to handle beacon frame 601 so that determine, promptly, the device of beacon group and feature thereof, and they are stored in the device performance table 507 as memory 508 parts.In addition, memory is also stored and the beacon slot type of each dynamic beaconing in the cycle information relevant with quantity, and write down the distance to go in each dynamic beaconing cycle. in device 401, processor 503 also is configured to use beacon process module 504 to prolong BP101 and shortens BP101 as required, thereby forms a dynamic BP 301.
After device 401 energized, its scanning for beacon 103.Do not detect any beacon 103 if install 401 after scanning for beacon, then it sent a beacon and creates BP301 before emission or reception mac frame.This has set up the reference beginning of BP and superframe, and it can be the several beacon slots before being launched beacon.Resulting empty slot 302 can be used for purpose outside the scope of the invention by other device.Device 401 continues to send beacon 103 in the BP of each continuous superframe 100, up to it as described below detect beacon collision till.
A beacon frame comprises the information relevant with BP length.This length information can point to after the last occupied beacon slot.The beacon slot 303 of gained can also be used to special purpose.According to the present invention, such purpose can be that expansion to BP is to be used to hold additional device.
Detect one or more beacons 103 if install 401, then it can not create new BP301.Alternatively, this device is determined the beacon group that it is current from the beacon 103 that is received.The current beacon group of device comprises that device 401 in the end therefrom receives the device of at least one beacon frame 103 during the mLostBeacons superframe 100.Received the beacon that is in different B P if install 401, then it select one or several cycle and with the beacon that just sends it before another device is communicated by letter therein.
Derived in the beginning of BP301 and the beacon slot that can from beacon, comprise consistent number with the beginning of the superframe that is associated 100.The end of BP301 is also announced in a beacon that is provided by beacon slot that takies at last or MAS, is also added the dedicated time slot 303 of some at last.Different devices may be announced different BP length because they therefore may have different neighbours and may detect varying number take beacon slot.This is a BP length by one of reason that certain maximum length limited.
There are several possibilities in selection for beacon slot when adding network.As long as selected a time slot, device 401 just sends a beacon in the same beacon slot in each continuous superframe 100, till it detects beacon collision.If detect a beacon collision, then use one of the method also can be used for adding network to select a new time slot.
In a preferred embodiment, during BP301, all are in the device of active state or standard knot power mode and all launch their beacon 103.The frame of beacon 103 comprises following field and information unit (IE), as shown in Figure 6:
Number of timeslots 601;
The information unit of some (IE) 604.
Timeslot number 601 is the orders of launching that time slot of beacon therein and having represented beacon, referring to the beacon slot quantity 308 among Fig. 3.If being arranged, the timeslot number field size of 8 bits just can support 256 devices simultaneously.
Information unit (IE) 604 can have different types.The type of information unit is discerned by information unit identifier (ID) 701.Referring to Fig. 7 A and 7B, only describe a beacon period occupancy information element (BPOIE) 700 in the present invention in detail.Under the prerequisite that does not influence core of the present invention, several replacement forms of BPOIE can be arranged.In first replacement shown in Fig. 7 A, BPOIE 700 comprises the tabulation of the beacon slot information field 740 of the beacon frame 103 that other device in the same beacon group receives.The jacket and shorts that each list cell 740 of BPOIE 700 comprises all that among the same BP those install employed beacon slot quantity (position) 742 and send the device of beacon frame in that beacon slot 204 are put ID741.These information can be used to detect beacon collision.BPOIE 700 needs in each beacon frame 103 because other device must be notified whether their beacon frame successfully received or beacon collision do not taken place.The latter may be because two devices have been selected the same beacon position among the BP 301 randomly or resulted from the terminal problem of hiding in the mesh network sight.In a kind of sight in back, if the beacon position of another device is not heard and do not awared to these two other devices each other, then a device may receive two beacon frames 103 that come from the different device of same position among the BP 301.BP length 703 is the length of the BP that measures in beacon slot 303.
In second alternative shown in Fig. 7 B, BPOIE 750 comprises a bitmap 754, and wherein, whether for example corresponding time slot of one or several bit indication of each beacon slot is occupied.There is a DEVID tabulation 755 that takies the device of the time slot in the bitmap this bitmap back.Be similar to first embodiment, these information can be used to detect beacon collision.BP length 753 is again the length of the BP that measures in beacon slot 303.
In the present invention, device is created the BP of a distance to go, and it may dynamically be prolonged or shorten.Each device all keeps its BP length.Other device notices that a device has made this BP prolong or shorten a new BP length value of beacon.For fear of beacon and data collision, a device selects sufficiently long BP length to cover this device observed beacon slot that takies at last in superframe before at least.The BP expansion may be this device sends beacon in the beacon slot after the previous last occupied beacon slot in BP result.The expansion of BP can not surpass a predetermined maximum length, and it provides the upper limit of maximum quantity of the device of each BP.If for example device stopped launching beacon or move they in BP beacon position and produce cavity (for example Kong beacon slot), then can carry out the contraction of BP.The objective of the invention is to make the quantity of the quantity of BP size and occupied beacon slot-the be head among the BP adaptive.
Have a plurality of alternatives, they have defined when adding an existing BP device and how to have selected beacon slot.They all have common ground, promptly install the beacon slot that never selection has been taken by another device.Device that will add is decoded and is found the occupied information about beacon slot to detect the occupied of a beacon slot by the scanning for beacon time slot and to the BPOIE of other beacon.
In a preferred embodiment, the device of adding is by for example selecting the first idle time slot or by selecting a time slot in the idle time slot window to select beacon slot after the last occupied beacon slot randomly.
In an alternative, an adding apparatus is selected any one idle time slot, and it may be the idle time slot in the middle of the BP.
In another alternative, an adding apparatus only is allowed to for example select the time slot in the middle of the dedicated time slot of some when BP begins.
The combination of these alternatives is possible, for example, adding apparatus select after the last occupied time slot time slot and in addition in dedicated time slot beacon that is used for the superframe of predetermined quantity of emission added this network so that point out a new device.Perhaps, the beacon of superframe emission that device at first is predetermined quantity in dedicated time slot finishes or the middle permanent time slot that its beacon is relocated to it at BP then.
Each device is all preserved a bitmap 505, so that the DEVID that takies and be associated of beacon slot 204 is stored in its beacon group.Beacon slot 204 is marked as busy following the time among Figure 50 5 on the throne:
A) beacon frame 103 is received during this beacon slot 204; Perhaps
B) beacon slot 204 is included in the beacon slot information field 740, rsp., and it is marked as by shared in the beacon slot bitmap 753 of the BPOIE700 that receives at the device from same beacon group.
A) beacon 103 is not received in time slot during the continuous superframe of mMaxLostBeacons; And
B) in the gap information of this beacon slot was not included in, the corresponding bits in the rsp. beacon slot bitmap was not set in BPOIE700, and BPOIE700 is that any device from same beacon group receives during the continuous superframe of mMaxLostBeacons.
When a different DEVID is included among the BPOIE of the beacon that it has received in its beacon slot, then device detect it beacon with another beacon collision.
After detecting beacon collision, device (certainty ground or with certain probability) switches its beacon slot.For this cause, beacon collision is similar to the situation of adding apparatus very much, because identical alternative is to supply selection that utilize or a new beacon slot:
This device is selected the beacon slot after the last occupied beacon slot, that is, select the first idle time slot or select a time slot at random in the window of crack at one's leisure;
This device is selected any idle time slot, and it for example may be the central idle time slot of BP that another device has discharged;
Device is selected a time slot in the middle of some dedicated time slots, promptly in the beginning of BP; And,
Device is selected a beacon slot according to the combination of previous rule, i.e. selection takies a time slot after the time slot at last and is beacon of superframe emission of some in addition in dedicated time slot, perhaps at first in dedicated time slot, launch a beacon to be used for the superframe of some, finish or the middle permanent time slot that moves to it at BP then.
A device can be announced the reorientation of its beacon before the time slot of settling it again.
Again not occupied and size BP101 constantly increases for fear of the beacon slot 204 that has cancelled, dynamic beaconing cycle permanent and to shrink automatically be essential.The device that beacon (beaconing) is set in BP must leave their current beacon slots and move to a different time slot realizes reducing of BP length.As shown in Fig. 9 A, a device relocates to its beacon the next idle beacon slot that begins direction along BP.Cannot think idle for the shrinkage operation dedicated time slot.Device also is allowed to skip the beacon of not wishing maybe can not move to the device of idle time slot.In the step of a certainty quantity, BP will be tightened.
In one aspect of the method, device is reoriented to its beacon in the detected any idle time slot of direction that device begins along BP.
In one aspect of the method, have only a device to be allowed to be moved in a step, it for example may be that device of the last beacon of emission in BP.All beacons of neighbours by scanning it and by the BPOIE information in the assessment neighbours beacon, a device can check whether it has launched last beacon in BP.Then, this independent device moves to a special time slot, and as shown in Fig. 9 B for example is the first idle time slot (it is not a dedicated time slot) among the BP.After so several times arrangement again, BP is tightened.
All alternatives can make up with a switching device shifter, and this switching device shifter is before emission beacon in new time slot or side by side launch beacon in a dedicated time slot with it.Alternatively, two beacons of a switching device shifter emission: respectively launch concurrently to be used for the superframe of predetermined quantity with new beacon position old.
In all alternatives, device can carry out switch before or side by side announce to settle again its beacon with it.
Though the preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated and describe, but one of ordinary skill in the art are to be understood that: Governance framework described herein, apparatus structure and method are illustrative, and can make different subs and change and its element can be substituted by equivalent under the prerequisite that does not break away from true scope of the present invention.In addition, under the prerequisite that does not break away from center range of the present invention, can make many changes so that instruction of the present invention is adapted to a kind of special situation.Therefore, original idea is that the present invention is not subject to be considered and is used for carrying out optimal mode of the present invention and disclosed specific embodiments, but present invention includes all embodiment that belong in the appended claims scope.
Claims (61)
1. the method for a distributed medium access control in the communication network that comprises a wireless device (401) at least comprises the following steps:
Be divided into the sequence of at least one superframe (100) time, superframe (100) comprises at least one dynamic beaconing cycle (301) and at least one data transfer cycle (102), and the described dynamic beaconing cycle (301) has a predetermined maximum and comprises the variable beacon slot of quantity (204);
By transmitting beacon frame (600) in unique time slot of each device (401) in the variable beacon slot of described quantity (204) in the wake-up states beacon is set, described beacon frame (600) comprises information (604); With
The variable beacon slot of described quantity (204) is combined into the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) of at least one adjacency.
2. the method for claim 1 also comprises the following steps: the quantity according to occupied beacon slot, and the length in described dynamic beaconing cycle (301) dynamically prolongs or shorten the beacon slot (204) of N 〉=1 times within described predetermined full-size.
3. the method for claim 2 also comprises the following steps:
In the a-n radio range a-n that the device of beacon (401) are set, receive the beacon that other device (401) is launched by each device (401) that beacon is set; With
Independently determine described at least one length by each device (401) that beacon is set in abutting connection with dynamic beaconing cycle (301), wherein, it is provided with beacon based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401).
4. the method for claim 3 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one last occupied beacon slot in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
By the device (401) of an adding at described at least one its beacon of emission in the idle beacon slot (204) in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When a device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) is its beacon of emission in the idle beacon slot (204) in dynamic beaconing cycle (301) subsequently.
5. the method for claim 4, wherein, described idle beacon slot (204) is first the idle beacon slot after the last occupied beacon slot.
6. the method for claim 4, wherein, described idle beacon slot (204) is an idle time slot of selecting at random in the beacon slot of the predetermined quantity after the in the end occupied beacon slot.
7. the method for claim 1 also comprises the following steps:
Each time slot in the beacon slot of predetermined quantity (204) all is left a dedicated time slot (302) (303);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
By the device of an adding except being emission (401) its beacon in any idle beacon slot (204) the idle beacon slot of dedicated time slot (302) (303);
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When a device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) is subsequently except being its beacon of emission in any idle beacon slot (204) the idle beacon slot of dedicated time slot (302) (303).
8. the method for claim 2 also comprises the following steps:
Each time slot in the beacon slot of predetermined quantity (204) all is left a dedicated time slot (302) (303);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
By the device that adds except being the beacon of launching it in any idle beacon slot (204) the idle beacon slot of dedicated time slot (302) (303);
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device; With
When a device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) is subsequently except being its beacon of emission in any idle beacon slot (204) the idle beacon slot of dedicated time slot (302) (303).
9. the method for claim 3 also comprises the following steps:
Each time slot in described at least one beacon slot in abutting connection with the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (204) all is left dedicated time slot (302) (303);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
By the device that adds except being the beacon of launching it in any idle beacon slot (204) outside the idle beacon slot the dedicated time slot (302) (303);
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When a device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) is subsequently except being its beacon of emission in any idle beacon slot (204) the idle beacon slot of dedicated time slot (302) (303).
10. the method for claim 1 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
In as any idle beacon slot (204) of dedicated time slot (302) (303), launch its beacon by the device (401) that adds;
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When a device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) is its beacon of emission in as any idle beacon slot (204) of dedicated time slot (302) (303) subsequently.
11. the method for claim 2 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
In as any idle beacon slot (204) of dedicated time slot (302) (303), launch its beacon by the device (401) that adds;
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When a device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) is its beacon of emission in as any idle beacon slot (204) of dedicated time slot (302) (303) subsequently.
12. the method for claim 3 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
In as any idle beacon slot (204) of dedicated time slot (302) (303), launch its beacon by the device (401) that adds;
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When this device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) is its beacon of emission in as any idle beacon slot (204) of dedicated time slot (302) (303) subsequently.
13. the method for claim 10 also comprises the following steps:
By the device (401) that adds carry out the following step-
A. be at least one superframe (100) in dedicated time slot (302) (303), launch it beacon and
B. its beacon is moved to different idle beacon slots (204) at least one in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) thereafter; With
By checkout gear (401) carry out the following step-
A. its beacon of the dedicated time slot that is used at least one superframe (100) (302) (303) emission and
B. its beacon is moved to different idle beacon slots (204) at least one in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) thereafter.
14. the method for claim 11 also comprises the following steps:
By the device (401) that adds carry out the following step-
A. its beacon of the dedicated time slot that is used at least one superframe (100) (302) (303) emission and
B. its beacon is moved to different idle beacon slots (204) at least one in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) thereafter; With
By checkout gear (401) carry out the following step-
A. its beacon of the dedicated time slot that is used at least one superframe (100) (302) (303) emission and
B. its beacon is moved to different idle beacon slots (204) at least one in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) thereafter.
15. the method for claim 12 also comprises the following steps:
By the device (401) that adds carry out the following step-
A. its beacon of the dedicated time slot that is used at least one superframe (100) (302) (303) emission and
B. its beacon is moved to different idle beacon slots (204) at least one in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) thereafter; With
By checkout gear (401) carry out the following step-
A. its beacon of the dedicated time slot that is used at least one superframe (100) (302) (303) emission and
B. its beacon is moved to different idle beacon slots (204) at least one in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) thereafter.
16. the method for claim 1 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device, determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
In at least one idle beacon slot (204) that is determined and dedicated time slot (302) (303), launch its superframe (100) of beacon simultaneously to be used for predetermined quantity by the device (401) that adds.
17. the method for claim 2 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device, determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
In at least one idle beacon slot (204) that is determined and dedicated time slot (302) (303), launch its superframe (100) of beacon simultaneously to be used for predetermined quantity by the device (401) that adds.
18. the method for claim 3 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device, determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
In at least one idle beacon slot (204) that is determined and dedicated time slot (302) (303), launch its superframe (100) of beacon simultaneously to be used for predetermined quantity by the device (401) that adds.
19. the method for claim 1 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device, determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When this device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) carry out subsequently the following step-
A. the beacon of in one of its previous beacon slot and determined at least one idle beacon slot (204), launching simultaneously it with the superframe that is used for predetermined quantity and
B. after described emission simultaneously, only terminate in the beacon emissions in its previous beacon slot.
20. the method for claim 2 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When a device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) carry out subsequently the following step-
A. the beacon of in one of its previous beacon slot and determined at least one idle beacon slot (204), launching simultaneously it with the superframe that is used for predetermined quantity and
B. after described emission simultaneously, only terminate in the beacon emissions in its previous beacon slot.
21. the method for claim 3 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Detect the beacon collision of its beacon and another device (401) by a device (401); With
When a device (401) detects its beacon and during the beacon collision of another device (401), described checkout gear (401) carry out subsequently the following step-
A. the beacon of in one of its previous beacon slot and determined at least one idle beacon slot (204), launching simultaneously it with the superframe that is used for predetermined quantity and
B. after described transmission simultaneously, only end the beacon transmissions in its previous beacon slot.
22. the method for claim 1 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine next idle beacon slot (204) along described at least one direction that begins in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
By the device of launching at least one beacon (401) its beacon is moved to the idle beacon slot of the determined next one (204) from its previous beacon slot.
23. the method for claim 2 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine next idle beacon slot (204) along described at least one direction that begins in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
By the device of launching at least one beacon (401) its beacon is moved to the idle beacon slot of the determined next one (204) from its previous beacon slot.
24. the method for claim 3 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine next idle beacon slot (204) along described at least one direction that begins in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
By the device of launching at least one beacon (401) its beacon is moved to the idle beacon slot of the determined next one (204) from its previous beacon slot.
25. the method for claim 22, wherein, described certain step also comprises skips any occupied beacon slot (204) that can not move and one of not wish to move.
26. the method for claim 23, wherein, described certain step also comprises skips any occupied beacon slot (204) that can not move and one of not want to move.
27. the method for claim 24, wherein, described certain step also comprises skips any occupied beacon slot (204) that can not move and one of not want to move.
28. the method for claim 1 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on not being the time slot of dedicated time slot (302) (303) and beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receives from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Its beacon is moved at least one the idle beacon slot (204) that is determined by the device that beacon is set.
29. the method for claim 2 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on not being the time slot of dedicated time slot (302) (303) and beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receives from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Its beacon is moved at least one the idle beacon slot (204) that is determined by the device that beacon is set.
30. the method for claim 3 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301);
Based on not being the time slot of dedicated time slot (302) (303) and beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receives from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Its beacon is moved at least one the idle beacon slot (204) that is determined by the device that beacon is set.
31. the method for claim 1 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Carry out the following step by the device of launching at least one beacon (401):
A. based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), the beacon slot (204) of finding out this device be described at least one in abutting connection with the last beacon slot in dynamic beaconing cycle (301) and
B. when device (401) finds out that its beacon slot (204) is last beacon slot, its beacon is moved to determined at least one idle beacon slot (204) from its previous beacon slot.
32. the method for claim 2 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Launch the device (401) of at least one beacon and carried out the following step:
A. based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), the beacon slot (204) of finding out this device be described at least one in abutting connection with the last beacon slot in dynamic beaconing cycle (301) and
B. when this device (401) finds out that its beacon slot (204) is last beacon slot, its beacon is moved to determined at least one idle beacon slot (204) from its previous beacon slot.
33. the method for claim 3 also comprises the following steps:
Based on the beacon (301) and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), determine described at least one at least one idle beacon slot (204) in abutting connection with the dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Launch the device (401) of at least one beacon and carried out the following step:
A. based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device (401), the beacon slot (204) of finding out this device be described at least one in abutting connection with the last beacon slot in dynamic beaconing cycle (301) and
B. when this device (401) finds out that its beacon slot (204) is last beacon slot, its beacon is moved to determined at least one idle beacon slot (204) from its previous beacon slot.
34. the method for claim 28, wherein, determining step also comprises this step: after the beginning of dynamic beaconing cycle (301), described at least one idle beacon slot (204) is defined as this at least one first beacon slot in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) at least one.
35. the method for claim 29, wherein, determining step also comprises this step: after the beginning of dynamic beaconing cycle (301), described at least one idle beacon slot (204) is defined as this at least one first beacon slot in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) at least one.
36. the method for claim 30, wherein, determining step also comprises this step: after the beginning of dynamic beaconing cycle (301), described at least one idle beacon slot (204) is defined as this at least one first beacon slot in the dynamic beaconing cycle (301) at least one.
37. the method for claim 22, wherein, described mobile step also comprises this step: the beacon of launching it in its previous beacon slot and determined at least one idle beacon slot simultaneously is to be used for the superframe of predetermined quantity.
38. the method for claim 25, wherein, described mobile step also comprises this step: the beacon of launching it in its previous beacon slot and determined at least one idle beacon slot simultaneously is to be used for the superframe of predetermined quantity.
39. the method for claim 28, wherein, described mobile step also comprises this step: the beacon of launching it in its previous beacon slot and determined at least one idle beacon slot simultaneously is to be used for the superframe of predetermined quantity.
40. the method for claim 31, wherein, described mobile step also comprises this step: the beacon of launching it in its previous beacon slot and determined at least one idle beacon slot simultaneously is to be used for the superframe of predetermined quantity.
41. the method for claim 34, wherein, described mobile step also comprises this step: the beacon of launching it in its previous beacon slot and determined at least one idle beacon slot simultaneously is to be used for the superframe of predetermined quantity.
42. the method for claim 22 comprises that also this device carried out the step of the following step before described mobile step:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Emission beacon in dedicated time slot (302) (303).
43. the method for claim 25 comprises that also this device carried out the step of the following step before described mobile step:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Emission beacon in dedicated time slot (302) (303).
44. the method for claim 28 also is included in the step of launching a beacon before the described mobile step in dedicated time slot (302) (303).
45. the method for claim 31 comprises that also this device carried out the step of the following step before described mobile step:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
Emission beacon in dedicated time slot (302) (303).
46. the method for claim 34 also is included in the step of launching a beacon before the described mobile step in dedicated time slot (302) (303).
47. the method for claim 22 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
In its previous beacon slot and dedicated beacon time slot (302) (303), launch its superframe (100) of beacon simultaneously to be used for predetermined quantity.
48. the method for claim 25 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
In its previous beacon slot and dedicated beacon time slot (302) (303), launch its superframe (100) of beacon simultaneously to be used for predetermined quantity.
49. the method for claim 28, wherein, described mobile step also comprises this step: the superframe (100) of beacon to be used for predetermined quantity of launching it in its previous beacon slot and the beacon slot (302) (303) that is retained simultaneously.
50. the method for claim 31 also comprises the following steps:
Described at least one all be left dedicated time slot (302) (303) in abutting connection with each time slot in the beacon slot (204) of the predetermined quantity in dynamic beaconing cycle (301); With
In its previous beacon slot and dedicated beacon time slot (302) (303), launch its superframe (100) of beacon simultaneously to be used for predetermined quantity.
51. the method for claim 34, wherein, described mobile step also comprises this step: the superframe (100) of beacon to be used for predetermined quantity of launching it in its previous beacon slot and the beacon slot (302) (303) that is retained simultaneously.
52. the method for claim 1 also comprises this step: based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device, a device (401) is announced the length (703) (753) in dynamic beaconing cycle in its beacon.
53. the method for claim 2 also comprises this step: based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device, a device (401) is announced the length (703) (753) in dynamic beaconing cycle in its beacon.
54. the method for claim 3 also comprises this step: based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device, a device (401) is announced the length (703) (753) in dynamic beaconing cycle in its beacon.
55. the method for claim 4 also comprises this step: based on the beacon and the described information (604) that comprises the beacon that is received that receive from other device, a device (401) is announced the length (703) (753) in dynamic beaconing cycle in its beacon.
56. comprising, a communication network (400) that comprises multiple arrangement (401), this multiple arrangement (401) be used for dynamic beaconing cycle (301) of requiring 1 distributed medium access control method to transmit their beacon frame (600) by enforcement of rights.
57. comprising, a communication network (400) that comprises multiple arrangement (401), this multiple arrangement (401) be used for dynamic beaconing cycle (301) of requiring 2 distributed medium access control method to transmit their beacon frame (600) by enforcement of rights.
58. comprising, a communication network (400) that comprises multiple arrangement (401), this multiple arrangement (401) be used for dynamic beaconing cycle (301) of requiring 3 distributed medium access control method to transmit their beacon frame (600) by enforcement of rights.
59. comprising, a communication network (400) that comprises multiple arrangement (401), this multiple arrangement (401) be used for dynamic beaconing cycle (301) of requiring 4 distributed medium access control method to transmit their beacon frame (600) by enforcement of rights.
60. one is come the wireless device (401) of the beacon on the management of media (410) with distribution mode, comprising:
Antenna is used for going up transmission and receiving beacon at wireless medium (410);
Receiver (502) is coupled to antenna so that be received in the beacon that wireless medium (410) is gone up emission;
Transmitter (506) is coupled to antenna so that go up the emission beacon at wireless medium (410);
Beacon process module (504) is used to handle a beacon that sends and receive so that carry out the distributed beaconing management on medium (410);
Processor (503), be used for the time is divided into the sequence of at least one superframe (100), each described superframe (100) all has at least one dynamic beaconing cycle (301), this at least one dynamic beaconing cycle (301) has the distance to go that the predetermined upper limit is arranged and comprises the variable beacon slot of quantity (204), and is coupled to:
I. this transmitter (506) and this receiver (502), so that
In described at least one dynamic beaconing cycle (301) of at least one superframe (100), send respectively and received beacon frame (600),
Ii. this beacon process module (504), so that-
A. manage the form and the length (300) in dynamic beaconing cycle, comprise the length of dynamically determining the dynamic beaconing cycle, comprise predetermined a plurality of beacon slot types (204) (302) (303), the record beacon slot takies (505) and implements beacon slot and switches (900) (950)
B. beacon frame (600) format that comprises each beacon slot type (204) (302) (303) so that transmission, make beacon frame (600) announce by the dynamically definite beacon frame length (703) (753) of this device and
C. beacon frame (600) is formatd so that transmit at least one beacon slot (204) (302) (303), it comprises beacon slot occupied information (740) (754,755).
61. the wireless device of claim 60, wherein:
Each superframe (100) also is included in described at least one a plurality of media interviews time slot (203) in abutting connection with distribution between dynamic beaconing cycle (301) and the data transfer phase (102);
Also comprise
A. bitmap (505), it is used to be connected to described processor (503) and is arranged to have at least one bit, this bit corresponding to described at least one beacon slot (204) (302) (303) in abutting connection with dynamic beaconing cycle (301) and
B. memory (508), it is used to be connected to described processor (503) and is arranged to the beacon slot occupied information of each beacon that storage receives by described transmitter (506) emission and by described receiver (502); With
Described beacon process module (504) also is arranged to
A. according to described be launched with received beacon in the beacon slot occupied information, via described processor (503) make at least one bit set of described bitmap (505) and reset and
B. store and delete with the beacon that receives by described transmitter (506) emission with by described receiver (502) in the beacon slot that comprises take, dynamic beaconing period position (740.i) (755.i) and the relevant information of length (702) (753).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US54252904P | 2004-02-06 | 2004-02-06 | |
| US60/542,529 | 2004-02-06 | ||
| US60/628,410 | 2004-11-16 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1918849A CN1918849A (en) | 2007-02-21 |
| CN100461730C true CN100461730C (en) | 2009-02-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800041725A Active CN100461730C (en) | 2004-02-06 | 2005-02-04 | A system and method for dynamic beaconing cycle of medium access control distributed reservation protocol |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100461730C (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2354526T3 (en) |
| UA (1) | UA88892C2 (en) |
| ZA (2) | ZA200606529B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TW200926683A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2009-06-16 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Reducing beacon collision probability |
| CN105722194A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-29 | 珠海全志科技股份有限公司 | Method for adjusting dormant duration of STA device dynamically |
| EP3422772B1 (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2020-07-29 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Beacon transmission method and device |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1235745A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-11-17 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | Radio communication systems and methods for jittered beacon transmission |
| EP1206070A2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-15 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Method to dynamically change all management information base (MIB) parameters of a wireless data network |
| CN1351426A (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-29 | 三星电子株式会社 | Mainframe for blue tooth communication and method for setting up beacon channel |
| WO2003030459A2 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-10 | Xtremespectrum, Inc. | Method of operating a media access controller |
| CN1430337A (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-07-16 | 三星电子株式会社 | Radio communication device and method for regulating beacon period |
-
2005
- 2005-02-04 ES ES05702902T patent/ES2354526T3/en active Active
- 2005-02-04 UA UAA200608750A patent/UA88892C2/en unknown
- 2005-02-04 CN CNB2005800041725A patent/CN100461730C/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-08-04 ZA ZA200606529A patent/ZA200606529B/en unknown
- 2006-08-04 ZA ZA200606525A patent/ZA200606525B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1235745A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1999-11-17 | 艾利森电话股份有限公司 | Radio communication systems and methods for jittered beacon transmission |
| CN1351426A (en) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-05-29 | 三星电子株式会社 | Mainframe for blue tooth communication and method for setting up beacon channel |
| EP1206070A2 (en) * | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-15 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Method to dynamically change all management information base (MIB) parameters of a wireless data network |
| WO2003030459A2 (en) * | 2001-10-03 | 2003-04-10 | Xtremespectrum, Inc. | Method of operating a media access controller |
| CN1430337A (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-07-16 | 三星电子株式会社 | Radio communication device and method for regulating beacon period |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200606529B (en) | 2007-12-27 |
| UA88892C2 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
| CN1918849A (en) | 2007-02-21 |
| ES2354526T3 (en) | 2011-03-15 |
| ZA200606525B (en) | 2008-01-30 |
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