CN100416299C - Seismic data acquisition system - Google Patents

Seismic data acquisition system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN100416299C
CN100416299C CNB038112744A CN03811274A CN100416299C CN 100416299 C CN100416299 C CN 100416299C CN B038112744 A CNB038112744 A CN B038112744A CN 03811274 A CN03811274 A CN 03811274A CN 100416299 C CN100416299 C CN 100416299C
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China
Prior art keywords
ram
signal
data
transmission
cru
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CN1653358A (en
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唐纳德·G·张伯伦
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Yinuowa system Co.
Aram Systems Ltd
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Geo X Systems Ltd
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Priority claimed from US10/162,243 external-priority patent/US6977867B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/22—Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/22—Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus
    • G01V1/223—Radioseismic systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

A seismic survey system having remote acquisition modules (RAMs) for acquiring seismic signals and communicating with a central recording system (CRU) via a network of cables, other RAMs, and line tap units (LTUs), arranged in a matrix of receiver lines and base lines. Each RAM cyclically converts analog signal values to digital, forming data packets. Interrogation commands emanating from the CRU and relayed with strategic delays by intervening LTUs and RAMs are received by the RAM. Each command causes the RAM to transmit a data packet. Strategic delays are set such that the transmission capacity of the line is best utilized. Power and frequency of transmission are selectable by the CRU to optimize performance. Cables contain multiple communication pairs. The network path between the RAM and the CRU is established from the CRU and altered in event of malfunction. All types of network elements are interconnectable. Recorded samples are synchronous.

Description

Seismic data acquisition system
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic surveying and obtain equipment.More particularly, the present invention relates to the combination of seismic surveying equipment part, measurement data operating strategy, the function software that is used to carry out operating strategy, the logistics of equipment disposition and the operation of equipment.
Background technology
In principle, seismic surveying show as comprise can be analyzed with the mass data collection of the details of the layering geology of describing the earth, the layering geology of the described earth is indicated by the discontinuous seismic reflection of layer interface place acoustic impedance.This analysis is subjected to the influence about the elastic wave propagation speed of density of earth formations or flexible difference.Be transmitted to underground such as the seismic events of lighting or causing in accurate known position and the time by the vibrating device of earth surface placement by the explosive that buries in the shallow boring.The seismic reflection of this artificial earthquake incident is detected by the sensor (transducer) of a plurality of features technically such as seismoreceiver.Seismoreceiver is laid in the orderly grid on the interest region.The position of each seismoreceiver array is with respect to the position of seismic events and accurately shone upon.Along with the seismic event from timed events sends from the source, original earthquake wave reflection turns back to the surface, when they are detected by seismoreceiver herein.Seismoreceiver is with the reception of corresponding analog electronic signal response ripple.These simulating signals are received by data acquisition module, and these data acquisition module digitaling analoging signal streams are to transfer to the central record unit again.In the middle of digitized meaningful data by data acquisition module, to some extent the amplitude of reflection wave or intensity, and incident takes place constantly and the analogue value of seismoreceiver array be converted between moment of digital value the precise time of process.
In single measurement, have thousands of seismoreceiver signal sources.Therefore, data stream must be orderly and the process tissue.For example, the data acquisition module transmission is by the seismoreceiver signal value of the digital data sets that is called bag (packet).Each bag comprises the bits of digital data of pre-quantification, and except other thing, described bits of digital data is also represented the digital value of analogue signal amplitude when seismic event or its increment are converted into digital value.Acquisition module is programmed, come the packet of determining bit-rate transmission about a series of seismoreceiver channels with pre-.Variable data in the packet has been represented the instantaneous snapshot (snapshot) from the analog signal flow of each seismoreceiver channel.Many independent seismoreceiver unit can be arranged, simulating signal is separately transferred to data acquisition module respectively at identical seismoreceiver signaling channel.
This mass data is flowed to the management of central record unit in order, often measure in the open air on the car and carry out, need a plurality of digital signal processor spares.Data acquisition module is converted to numerical data with the seismoreceiver simulated data, and digital data packet is sent along receiver line (line) or wireless transmit channel.Can there be many data acquisition modules to send each packet along single receiver line.In the middle of the function of each data acquisition module, relevant for data packet transmission sequential from the stream of the packet of other data acquisition module that sends each packet along identical receiver line.Usually, two or more receiver lines are connected with baseline (base line) unit, (coordinate) further regulated with the data packet stream of many additional baselines unit in these baseline unit is benchmark transmission line (base transmission line), is used for the reception of central record unit.
Seismic surveying is carried out under the condition in be everlasting exceedingly odious heat or hot and cold band or frigid zone, land or ocean, desert or marsh.No matter environment how, seismoreceiver relatively focus incident is accurately located.Necessarily, require the artificial placement of seismoreceiver usually.
One of many challenges that the seismic ground staff of the system that the use cable connects faces are that the initial of cable configurations determined.Sand smeller and investor's demand data always can not be estimated.The seismic surveying contractor must attempt selecting such cable configurations, promptly in the number minimum of retention wire path connector, minimizes their worker's heavy burden in the open air.Yet the seismic system of prior art is designed to integrated unit dumbly.If the teledata acquisition module is designed to the operation of 8 channelling modes, then prior art system can not easily be reconfigured for the operation of 6 channelling modes, although concrete measuring task may be particularly suitable for 6 channelling modes.The data acquisition module of prior art is manufactured to the Typical Disposition of the power setting that has fixing Bit Transmission Rate and can not adjust.Therefore, Bit Transmission Rate and through-put power are enforceable, and only the equipment disposition for single type is best.
Prior art system depends on inquiry (interrogate) order from central control module, and these inquiry commands, are only depended on the center system clock and control the sampling time to the teledata acquisition module by synchronized transmission.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to help the service efficiency of field inspection person's maximization for its available record resource of any specific tasks.Another object of the present invention is for given equipment disposition, and the quantity of the maximum possible of the highest possible data Quality is provided.
Another object of the present invention is, can make its Bit Transmission Rate be adjusted into the seismic system of the application of cable that optimization can use for the earthquake task object and miscellaneous equipment.
A further object of the present invention is to have a mind to use the data asynchronous-sampling at remote unit place, to improve the service efficiency of networking component.
In addition, an object of the present invention is, the configurable geological remote sensing exploration network with multidata transmission path that Remote Selection can use is provided.A further object of the present invention is, for the end point of long-range the actuating (actuate) of data interrogation signal.
Another object of the present invention is that wherein all data carriers can survey network with the geological remote sensing that the identical bits transfer rate works.
A further object of the present invention is, when several such geological remote sensing exploration network is wherein when helping measuring, and the data transmission baseline can be operated with the transfer rate of the transfer rate that is greater than or less than the receiver line.The baseline that prior art provides is to be higher than the constant transmissions speed operation of receiver line transfer rate.These prior art systems do not provide the bit rate that easily changes the baseline transmission to require in order to the difference with seismic surveying or mate the means of baseline bit rate to receiver line transmission bit rate.
Other purpose of the present invention comprises by optimizing data signal strength extends the receiver line and takes out (take-out) distance.Transmission electric power influences the distance that reliable telemetry can carry out with the desired more high power of longer distance.Prior art does not provide for the communicate by letter ability of desired change power of variable transmission range optimization on the different cables, such as being used in the engineering (project) or change power capability on the different engineerings that require being arranged.In distributed earthquake data-acquisition system, energy storages (powerconservation) is consideration important in the extending battery life.Coming to store the energy content of battery in distributed telemetry unit by the minimum that transmit power restrictions is required to reliable communication is one object of the present invention.
The receiver line takes out distance and also improves by increasing data transmission efficiency.Optimize communication by taking out distance, reduce the weight of equipment of given system configuration at given receiver line.
A further object of the present invention is to increase the time density of data transmission by the time of being wasted between the minimise data bag.
Another object of the present invention is, the information of the signal processing unit by from packet, getting rid of original (originated) data of identification and the creation-time (it reduces the data volume that is transmitted) of data thereof and use the position of packet in data stream to come impliedly the Data transmission bag identifies, improve the telemetric efficient of data.
The ability and the selection that split the partial data report route of receiver line selectively also are one object of the present invention.
Another object of the present invention is, provide can interconnect and can carry out multi-functional, thereby maximize the dirigibility of equipment utilization and the network element of efficient.
It is tangible that other purpose of above-mentioned purpose of the present invention and top not special statement is described in detail for those of ordinary skills according to following the present invention.Each long-range acquisition module (RAM) of the present invention is subjected to central record unit (CRU) control, circularly the simulated earthquake range value is converted to digital value.Combined for a round-robin digital value and out of Memory as digital data packet.The RAM that replaces in the receiver line is sent to line tap unit along one of two order wires with each packet, and (Line Tap Unit LTU), is used to transfer to CRU.Should be from the order of interrogating signal and send packet respectively from each RAM.Interrogating signal opens the beginning from CRU, transfers to nearest RAM again from LTU, and this nearest RAM begins to transmit the data that begin to gather from previous transmission circulation immediately.Yet till the packet of a RAM can be held by the communication port section between a RAM and the LTU, interrogating signal to the transmission again of next RAM was delayed.When the transmission of the last packet of a RAM was finished, interrogating signal transmit timing again received first packet from next RAM.All RAM in the receiver line are repeated this pattern.
For example, adjust the transmission bit rate, to hold in the transmission circulation along the number of given receiver line with the packet that is transmitted to the suitable value between about 6 to 12 megabit per seconds (mbps).What also will consider in the transmission bit rate is selected is the characteristic and the physical features of the cable between the RAM in receiver line sequence.Yet for example, the data-carrier store that RAM and baseline unit have 1 to 2 megabit generates to hold too much data.Data storage is enough to the whole sequence that (shot) data are penetrated in storage, is used for later transmission.Perhaps, data storage can be used for allowing data transmission to carry out with the speed that is lower than data creation speed during the recording period.
Also can adjust transmitted signal power to the value that is fit to, make both to provide and close on communication reliably between the RAM (and LTU), minimizing power dissipation again, thus prolong battery life in the distributed unit.
It is identical with receiver line transfer rate that the baseline transfer rate can be selected as, to mate the ability of two types communication, perhaps, the baseline transfer rate can be set to be higher or lower than receiver line transfer rate, to utilize such as different straight cutting lines (in-line) and cross spider (cross-line) spacing and/or the different straight cutting line and the feature of the measurement the requirement of cross spider data volume.
Indirectly, system has the ability with all receiver lines and selectable communication port logical connection, thereby the receiver line can stop when central record cell issued command requires.Can transfer to another baseline along another receiver line from the packet along the isolated mutually RAM of a receiver line, perhaps they can stay and not use.
Another feature of system is the dirigibility of RAM channel, thereby the channel of any amount can be received, until the maximum capacity of RAM.As a result, RAM is not limited to have the fixing communication plan of the signaling channel of every RAM given number.According to the RAM of embodiment of the invention construction can with for example 2,4,6 be connected with 8 channel cables.
System also provides flexibly, the network of multipath, is used to connect RAM to CRU.The universal cordage connector makes receiver line, baseline and jumper cable be connected to any type device in the network, comprises RAM, LTU and CRU.RAM can be used as repeater.Receiver line cable can be used as the baseline cable of the passage of the number with minimizing.The operator of system uses the graphic user interface of true ratio (true-scale) map basically with measured zone to come operational network, and this map has illustrated the position of physical obstacle to be connected with all seismic surveying items of equipment and their network thereof.When overcoming physical obstacle and sundry miscellaneaus fault, system software pilot operationp person optimizing equipment and network configuration.
Two-way and the LTU's of RAM is multidirectional, combine with cable loop (looping) in the receiver line cable and logic fracture (break), and the interconnecting of cable and module, unavailable adaptability in the prior art is provided.
Because RAM and LTU are configurable from CRU, therefore, when the change of the environmental requirement configuration that changes, can carry out necessary change and need not physical access remote line EM equipment module network configuration.Many communication ports in receiver line and the baseline cable provide the chance using and avoiding stopping work of optimizing transmittability under the situation of the interference of some passages.Split use hyperchannel baseline cable design in the process that also connects again at baseline, with cut-through and in obstacle both sides distribution capability.
The present invention includes a kind of new method of operating the earthquake network, this method is had a mind to asynchronous allowing to have for CRU the telemetry of more efficient geological data, and uses among the RAM independently clock, to control sampling time sequence more efficiently.Disposal route by the novelty that realized by RAM and CRU is converted to synchronized sampling with asynchronous-sampling.
This disposal route enable the seismic signal range value accurately and accurate sequential, and overcome the not accurate of clock among the independent RAM.This method is estimated intrinsic time delay in the network, and measures the ram clock drift.Use the range value of high CRU clock accurately and sampling, can determine estimation at the range value of correct time.These characteristics of the present invention allow the lasting record opposite with conventional intermittent recording to implement, and these characteristics are useful in the up-to-date state-of-art of land and oceanic earthquake system and need.
Another unique features of the present invention comprises: comprise the position and the state of all system elements of RAM, LTU and CRU by appointment, definition earthquake network.Network defines the regulation of the accurate order of the transmission that also comprises the packet that is undertaken by the element that activates in the all-network, allows to implicit the determine RAM of original packet and the sign of creation-time thereof.The method of the implicit transmission of this information has reduced will be by the data volume of physical transfer, and has improved network efficiency.Provide method in addition, so that the method for the implicit identification of packet is more practical to that lose or too much packet compensation.
Description of drawings
By reading the explanation of following preferred embodiment, and with reference to the accompanying drawings, other characteristics of the present invention and advantage are can be by those skilled in the art cognitive and understand, and wherein, all among several width of cloth figure of accompanying drawings, similar reference symbol is represented similar or approximate element, wherein:
Fig. 1 a is configured to be used for half-plane of the present invention (half-plan) synoptic diagram that 3D measures;
Fig. 1 b is configured to be used for the half-plane synoptic diagram of the present invention that 3D measures;
Fig. 2 is the detailed maps of the communication port between a pair of RAM and the seismoreceiver that is connected to this RAM;
Fig. 3 is the viewgraph of cross-section of 8 channel receiver line cables and general connector;
Fig. 4 is the viewgraph of cross-section of 8 channel baseline cables and general connector;
Fig. 5 is the functional schematic of long-range acquisition module (RAM);
Fig. 6 is the functional schematic of analog-digital conversion module;
Fig. 7 is the functional schematic of RAM communication module;
Fig. 8 is the functional schematic of baseline unit (BLU);
Fig. 9 is the functional schematic of line tap unit (LTU);
Figure 10 is the functional schematic of central record unit (CRU);
Figure 11 is the functional schematic that is used for the communication module of CRU;
Figure 12 is the functional schematic of baseline splitter;
Figure 13 is at the tables of data relevant with cable length and signal transmission rate of the comparison of two types cable and corresponding figure;
Figure 14 is possible measurement layout (layout) parameter list that the present invention can use;
Figure 15 is the figure that exemplary apparatus layout of the present invention and signal flow route are shown;
Figure 16 is the figure of the signal flow route revised owing to the receiver thread breakage among Figure 15;
Figure 17 is the indicative icon that typical baseline splitter is used;
Figure 18 is stacked in the typical map demonstration that being used on the topomap overcomes the open-air layout of earthquake equipment of physical obstacle;
Figure 19 is the figure of inquiry command time inclination (skew);
Figure 20 is the seismic event figure of inclination of diagram seismic signal and signal amplitude interpolation.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates according to model seismic surveying matrix of the present invention, wherein, and with the orderly fashion of cycle and the spacing seismoreceiver that on paid close attention to landform, distributes.Example hereto, seismoreceiver is arranged in T1, T2, T3 and the T4 four lines.Row T3 extends through the physical obstacle such as river or highway discontinuously.Along three (for example) RAM 10 of the capable distribution of each seismoreceiver.The structure of RAM 10 will more fully be described in conjunction with Fig. 5,6 and 7.
RAM is connected by two receiver line cables 12 respectively with " B " side about " A " side of each RAM.See Fig. 5.Shown in the cross-sectional view of Fig. 3, receiver line cable 12 comprises four pairs of seismoreceiver channel passages 32 and the two pairs of communication ports 30 and 31, around pressure delivery core (stress carrying core) element 28.Six pairs of receiver line passages are arranged in dead ring 24, and are surrounded by protective cover 26.Receiver line cable ends at two ends with universal cordage connector 39.As shown in Figure 1, this cable connector makes receiver line cable be connected to any RAM 10, LTU 14, BLU 38 or is connected to CRU 18.The connector pin comprises: the second couple 136 of a pair of 135, the communication port 31 of communication port 30, four couple 137 of seismoreceiver channel passage and two do not use 138.Keep and not use so that can use universal cordage connectors 39 all types of cables that comprise receiver line cable, baseline cable and jumper cable type in the system.
With reference to Fig. 1, among the row T1 respectively about two receiver line cable intervals of RAM R-1/RAM 1 and R-1/RAM 2 by back-to-back 36 interconnect (join) that are connected.Receiver line cable among the row T2 between R-2/RAM 2 and the R-2/RAM 3 also is like this.Row T4 comprises two back-to-back connectors 36.Back-to-back connector 36 provide between the communication port 30 and 31 of receiver line cable 12 of connection rather than seismoreceiver channel passage 32 continuously.Each of four seismoreceiver channel passages 32 in the individual cable interval is connected to only RAM respectively.Therefore, in this preferred embodiment, each RAM receives until eight seismoreceiver channels.
In the general industrial practice, each seismoreceiver channel 32 will be connected with a plurality of seismoreceivers.Have with respect to seismic disturbance position pre-for each seismoreceiver of given channel 32 and to determine the position, thereby the seismoreceiver of those common connections all receives identical underground reflected signal basically, (by add up to) enhancing signal intensity thus, but receive different seismic noises basically, thus attenuating noise when adding up to.
Usually, but not always, simulate: carry out analog-digital conversion by RAM as what hereinafter describe more comprehensively by the seismoreceiver signal of channel 32.Yet the A/D conversion that the special circuit in the independent earthquake pick-up unit carries out is possible and favourable under certain environment.
Refer again to Fig. 1, LTU 14 1, 14 2With 14 3To go T1, T2 and T3 links to baseline cable 16.LTU will more fully describe in conjunction with Fig. 9.
Baseline cable 16 shown in Fig. 4 xsect comprises that eight communication ports in dead ring 24 and the protective cover 26 are to 34 1-8The core of accessory can be a pressure delivery core 28.Universal cordage connector 39 stops the two ends (end) in the interval of baseline cable, makes it possible to be connected to any module in the system.The connector pin 147 of communication port 34 is shown.General connector 39 physically be used in the receiver line in connector identical, the wire jumper type makes that all devices can all can connect mutually in the system.
As shown in Figure 1, baseline cable 16 interval LTU 14 that connects 4With 14 5 Use baseline cable 16 rather than receiver line cable 12 are connected the RAM on the identity logic receiver line, as in this example, illustrate the mutual connectivity and an adaptive aspect of system.
Eight communication ports 34 1-8(Fig. 4) the open-air matrix of seismoreceiver is connected to CRU 18 (Fig. 1), CRU 18 often delivers on vehicle so that move.The data-handling capacity that depends on CRU 18, one or more baselines 16 can be served CRU 18.Eight communication ports are arranged in baseline cable 16, in each receiver line cable 12, two communication ports are arranged.The seismoreceiver data will be reported to CRU 18 along four receiver line R-1 to R-4.It is available making two receiver lines for each activation in eight communication ports of baseline, to guarantee in receiver line that uses and the communication one to one between the baseline passage.
Especially, receiver line R-1 serves RAM R-1/RAM 1 and R-1/RAM 2.Data from the seismoreceiver channel 1-8 that is connected to RAM R-1/RAM 1 are at first handled by that RAM, and along receiver line communication port 30 1Transfer to baseline communication port 34 5The data that the seismoreceiver channel 9-16 of row T1 generates are handled by RAM R-1/RAM 2, and along receiver line communication port 30 1Transfer to baseline communication port 34 1
Receiver line R-2 serves the R-2/RAM 4 among R-2/RAM 1, R-2/RAM 2 among the capable T2, R-2/RAM 3 and the row T3.About the communication port 30 between cable 12 petiolareas of row T2 and T3 2With 31 2By jumper cable 17 links (link).Jumper cable is the cable that only comprises two communication ports and do not comprise seismoreceiver channel passage.It can be used for connecting the end of two receiver lines to form the loop.The data of the seismoreceiver channel 9-16 of row among the T2 by the channel 17-24 among R-2/RAM 2 and the row T3 by R-2/RAM 3 along receiver line communication port 30 2Transfer to baseline communication port 34 6The data of the seismoreceiver channel 25-32 of row among the T3 by R-2/RAM 4 along receiver line communication port 31 2Transfer to baseline communication port 34 2In addition, the seismoreceiver data of coming the channel 1-8 of T2 voluntarily by R-2/RAM 1 along communication port 31 2Transfer to baseline communication port 34 2
Receiver line R-3 only serves the seismoreceiver 1-8 as the capable T3 of the signal of being handled by R-3/RAM 1.These data are along receiver line communication port 30 3Transfer to baseline communication port 34 7
Receiver line R-4 serves R-4/RAM 1 among the capable T1 and the R-4/RAM 2 among the row T3.Be expert among the T4, receiver line R-4 also serves R-4/RAM 3, R-4/RAM 4 and R-4/RAM5.Seismoreceiver channel 25-32 among the row T4 is connected to R-4/RAM 4, is used for along receiver line communication port 30 4Transfer data to baseline communication port 34 8
Receiver line communication port 31 4The data of seismoreceiver channel 1-8 among the reception row T1, the channel 17-24 among the row T4 and the channel 33-40 among the row T4 are used for along baseline communication port 34 4Transfer to CRU.Receiver line communication port 30 4Seismoreceiver channel 9-16 among the reception row T3 and the data of the channel 25-32 among the row T4 are used for along baseline communication port 34 8Transfer to CRU.
The embodiment of the invention of Fig. 2 illustrates two receiver line R-1 and the R-2 that is connected to baseline 16.The communication port 30 of receiver line R-1 1With 31 1Respectively R-1/RAM 1, R-1/RAM 2 and R-1/RAM 3 are connected to baseline communication port 34 1With 34 5The communication port 30 of receiver line R-2 2With 31 2Respectively R-2/RAM 1, R-2/RAM 2 and R-2/RAM 3 are connected to baseline communication port 34 2With 34 6
RAM 10, LTU 14 and CRU 18 are by the numerical data packet communication of a few types.CRU 18 uses " order " to come and the line devices communicating that comprises RAM 10, LTU 14, BLU 38 and repeater.Line equipment sends it back CRU with line data (Line Data).Every equipment in the matrix system is known the orientation of its relative CRU.The order of the only cognitive CRU side at them of RAM and LTU and in their the line data of line side.
Intrinsic " the order side " and " line side " in logic of each RAM and LTU itself.Do not have difference physically between both sides, any one side physically can play any function.Yet what determine is that the order side is the side of more close CRU, usually, is (to require the loop of the receiver line of use jumper cable 17) under the accessible situation of the direct-path of CRU, possible exception two physical side.In this preferred embodiment, in multi-path environment shown in Figure 2, the CRU under the order side of each equipment is controlled by the operator determines.CRU can switch in each side of concrete RAM or LTU with the process of measuring.This is expected, for example, and in response to the communication failure in the concrete cut cable.Another advantage of the ability of the directivity of this configuration RAM and LTU is: when CRU moved to the another location in measuring process, these modules can easily adapt to the new network configuration (not needs each RAM that physical access will be disposed again as in the prior art and the position of LTU) of being made by the operator.
Jumper cable 17 among Fig. 2 can be communicated by letter RAM from any side with CRU, like this, by the simple reallocation of order side, stranded (stranded) RAM in addition can be visited by CRU.Be sent to equipment by the voltage that will " power on ", the distribution of CRU control command side when system initialization.
The every bag of digital data packet comprises 204.In this total position, 8 data bit keep bag identification stem (header), 192 data are used available, 4 to the data completeness check (verification and) keeps.
Order can comprise, for example, is used to instruct (or all) line EM equipment module to carry out 32 bit data of given task.For example, software can instruct concrete LTU to come in all RAM " B " side " outage ".In another case, software program can instruct all RAM to switch to low-power mode.Usually, the data bit structure of command packet with rising in the sequence first 5 in order to identification bag type, for example order, inquiry command or line data.The the 6th and the 7th recognition command in the order bag is with the type (RAM, LTU or the like) of the equipment that is sent to.The 8th in the order header is " overall situation (global) " position, and which equipment this has defined will work in order.A kind of all devices that the addressing selected type is set of overall situation position.Which equipment another kind of 16 positions that comprise subsequently that are provided with to specify and will work (order of addressing) in order.Last 8 in the order bag have defined the order that sends.When LTU when the field survey car receives order, its sends order in three directions simultaneously: to " A " side, " B " side and " line side " outside (unless order is the special circumstances of inquiry command, this situation otherwise treat together).When each RAM on extending received order, whether its decision (based on header and address bit) worked thereon, sent its next equipment to the line then.
Inquiry command is the order of specific type, only forms by 8.If the order of front is ready to do like this, then inquiry command notifies all equipment that the line data transmission is returned CRU.In the process of identification inquiry command, equipment is only seen rise first 5 of data, and ignores all the other.When receiving inquiry command, LTU is delivered to " A " side of RAM and its " B " side simultaneously with it, and then, it has been stored in previous sampling " A " and " B " data in the storer to the CRU transmission in beginning.When previous sampled data sends " A " and " B " side, had a mind to postpone inquiry command is sent out " line " side so that at the LTU that sends minimum gaps in the data procedures to CRU, " line " side data (from current sampling) that beginning newly receives to the CRU transmission.
If LTU does not receive enough responses within the time span of programming, then it inserts the data of emulation (simulated) for the RAM of disappearance.If LTU receives too much response, then it ignores those responses that surpass the quantity that limits.This method makes the source that CRU can the recognition data bag, and need not the use by discrimination bit clear and definite within the packet.In case finish with " A " side, then LTU repeats the processing of " B " side.The back, LTU sends out inquiry command " line side " side.
LTU must transmit data to CRU with the order of this " A ", " B " and " line " side.If it has inquired " A " side, " B " side and " line " side in fact in order, then the order of being transmitted is identical with the order that has taken place.Thereby strictly observing for reduce packet size improvement telemetry efficient by the omission identifying information of the correct order of this subtend CRU transmits data packets needs.
RAM or LTU can be used for Repeater-mode.In this pattern, its function only is the order that receives from CRU, and on " line " side with command transfer to next RAM or LTU.In Repeater-mode, RAM or LTU also receive the data from " line " side, with this data decode, and transmit these data again to CRU.
When the RAM that activates (being activated by the front order) reception inquiry command, it begins to its data of CRU transmission.Just before finishing its packet of transmission, next RAM or the LTU of (for example, in the time that calculates in order to minimize the time slot in the transmission) RAM on line transmits 8 inquiry commands.
For example, the line packet is made up of 204 data positions.These bags comprise analog to digital (for example, seismoreceiver pulse or seismoreceiver noise) or state (for example, cell voltage, the sequence number etc.) information that is sent to register system by line equipment.8 on a head of line packet is a header.Position 1-5 is identified as previously described data from line with message block.The information of 3 which types of identification is included in the bag and how it originates subsequently.For example, information can be the data of the ejaculation of true or emulation, or equipment state.
The data word of line packet partly have 192 long, can comprise and penetrate data (from each 24 of eight channels of RAM) or status information.Four of the remainders of line packet are verification and counting.Before RAM was sent to register system with data, it counted the number of " height " position (or " 1 ") in data word, and write summation herein with binary format.RAM is with the cycle count of 16 (from 0 to 15), and repetitive cycling is finished the counting of all high positions in the data word until it.For example, if in data word altogether 20 be set to " height ", then RAM will count up to 15, repetitive cycling then, counting 16 as 0,17 as 1,18 as 2,19 as 3 and 20 as 4.Verification in this case and counting will be 4 (being written as " 0-1-0-0 " in binary format).
After CRU sent the line data, each examined it along the equipment on road at RAM.When equipment receives the line data, the high position in its enumeration data word, and should numeral and the verification and the counting of packet compare.If these numbers do not match, then equipment is write down the fact that it detects transmission problem.Then, equipment sends data and waits for more multidata from line or CRU to CRU.
After image data, all devices on system's poll line, so that determine, for example, those Equipment Inspections have gone out transmission problem and placed error flag where in the CRU monitor show.
As schematically shown in Figure 5, in the structure of RAM 10, comprise communication module 40 and analog-digital conversion module 42.Communication module 40 is supported by clock circuit 44 and CPU (central processing unit) (CPU) 46.CPU comprises random access storage device circuit 48.Communication module provides energy by power circuit 45, and this power circuit 45 is the managing power demand on internal cell 47 and external cell 49.
Fig. 6 shows the synoptic diagram of analog to digital module 42 with more expanding, and this analog to digital module 42 comprises: for each analog signal channel 32, line surge (surge) isolator 50 is used to limit the surge of spuious (stray) voltage; Analog signal amplifier 52; Analogue-to-digital converters 54.When receiving interrogating signal when (being called inquiry command) from communication module 40 (Fig. 5), each analogue-to-digital converters 54 transfers to communication module 40 with its current seismoreceiver signal value, is used to be integrated into packet separately.
The communication module 40 of RAM is schematically shown by Fig. 7, comprises that line surge isolator 56 is with the voltage surges of restriction by communication port 30 and 31 deliveries (carry).The digital value of seismoreceiver signal receives from analogue-to-digital converters 42.The transmission of digital signal is regulated by CPU 46, with data packet coding in communication port 30 or 31 or another.Among two communication ports 30 in receiver line 12 and 31, select one and receive data packet transmission.Also transmit another communication port again by the decoding of the repeater circuit in the controller 60.Usually, each communication port 30 or 31 is connected by logic, is used for the packet of importing from along (alternate) ram cell that replaces of single receiver line.About Fig. 2, for example, communication port 301 can be connected, and receiving packets from R-1/RAM 1 and R-1/RAM 3, and R-1/RAM2 can be along communication port 31 1The report data bag.
Fig. 5, under the software program control of CPU 46, determine step (paced) by clock circuit 44, controller 60 (Fig. 7) is from analog-digital conversion module 42 receiving digital signals values, and these data and other stem and verification and data combined, to create packet.For example, earthquake sampling rate is being programmable from about every millisecond of 0.125 sampling to the scope of about 4 milliseconds/sampling.Range value is stored in the RAM storer, and until receiving inquiry command, after this, it transfers to CRU with the form of packet along the receiver line with range value.
Along receiver line 12, comprise that the signal flow of a series of packets is rebooted (redirect) to baseline 16 signal flows by LTU 14 or BLU 38.Unique difference between two signal transmission units is the expanded data storage capacity that is used for BLU 38.LTU and BLU all have signal handling capacity potentially.
For example, about Fig. 9 synoptic diagram of LTU 14, the preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise about a pair of receiver line 12 aWith 12 bCommunication port and about a pair of baseline 16 aWith 16 bCommunication port.Serve each of these ports by the line isolator circuit 64 of Long-distance Control.In common operator scheme, about receiver line 12 a Communication port 30 aWith 31 aWith about receiver line 12 b Communication port 30 bWith 31 bBe connected to communication module 70.Similar to RAM 10, the communication module 70 of LTU 14 is instructed by CPU 72, and determines step by clock circuit 74.The storage capacity of CPU 72 is by random access storage device 76 expansions.By internal cell 68 and/or external cell 67 feeding unit distribute power circuit 66.
Except huge data storage capacities 78, the BLU 38 of Fig. 8 LTU 14 with Fig. 9 in fact is identical.BLU can replace LTU and be used, otherwise but does not need.Under the situation of the huge data storage that does not require BLU, in the description of this preferred embodiment and in the claim subsequently, term " LTU " 14 and " BLU " 38 can use mutually with exchanging.
The preferred embodiment of the CRU 18 that Figure 10 represents comprises two communication ports by the baseline 16 of separately communication module 80 service.Communication module 80 is determined steps by clock 82, and by the source such as battery or generator 84 from externally fed.Management circuit 86 comprises filtering and distribution.CPU 88 control communication modules 80.CPU 88 is supported on function by random access storage device 85 and huge data storage circuitry 87.Total system by keyboard 90, monitor 92, mouse 94, draught machine 96 and printer 98 artificiallies at interface alternation.
Communication module 80 about CRU 18 is schematically illustrated by Figure 11, comprises at eight communication ports 34 1-8Each line isolator 100 1-8With recording controller 102.
The software program of control the present invention operation has the feature of several uniquenesses.These unique features are cooperated mutually to overcome own intrinsic several obstacle or inefficiency parts of existing in the prior art systems.One of these inefficiencies are the plenty of time passages that takes place between the packet, thereby cause the quantity of the line equipment that can visit in the given time period to reduce.Another kind of inefficiency is produced by following complex relationship between every: (1) data cable length, (2) data transmission bit rate and (3) data generation rate.
In order to solve the inefficiency of prior art data rate transport, and in order to reduce the interval between the packet, operating process of the present invention comprises signaling protocol, assembles and lines up by this signaling protocol digital data packet, is used for from the transmission of many RAM to CRU 18.This process generally includes the transmission of inquiry command from CRU to LTU 14.LTU along each of receiver line communication port 30 and 31 to ram cell relaying inquiry command.To in the single receiver line 12 that to communication port 30 and 31, two inquiry commands independently regularly.They can send simultaneously, also can not send simultaneously.Though two communication ports 30 in the single receiver line 12 and 31 all can be connected to each RAM in receiver line separately, the response to connecting that each RAM will make is different usually.
With reference to Fig. 2, for example, inquiry command A 0Originate from CRU 18, along the communication port 34 of baseline 16 1Delivery (carry) is to LTU 14 1LTU 14 1Along passage 30 1Relaying inquiry command A 0To R-1/RAM 1.In case receive, R-1/RAM 1 begins immediately along communication port 30 1The packet that will comprise the data of all seismoreceiver system channels 32 (Fig. 5) that are connected to R-1/RAM 1 transmits back LTU 14 in order 1Importantly, signal A 0No longer along communication port 30 1Delivered by the equipment outside the R-1/RAM 1.As R-1/RAM 1 received signal A 0The time, RAM communication module 40 is at along communication port 30 1From R-1/RAM 1 via the inquiry command A of the repeater circuit the R-1/RAM 2 to R-1/RAM 3 1Relay transmission open the beginning constant time lag.The length of this time delay is the variable as the function of many systems and engineering parameter.On concrete, being connected to number (that is, 4,6 or 8), type of cable and the length of the seismoreceiver system channel of concrete RAM, the number of repeater RAM and the transmission bit rate between the RAM has the strongest influence to time delay.Inquiry command A 0The design philosophy of transmission delay again be: regulate transmission and first data packet arrival from R-1/RAM 3, and minimize the gap between the bag stream between the continuous signal stream at R-1/RAM 1 place from the final data bag of R-1/RAM 1.Though inquiry command A 1Receive by R-1/RAM2, but signal only is repeated to R-1/RAM 3.
When R-1/RAM 1 receives inquiry command A 0The time, begin immediately about reporting to the transmission of the packet of the seismoreceiver system channel of R-1/RAM 1 (for example, until 8).Yet the execution of data packet signal requires the limited time period.The part of this finite time section is the inquiry command A that carries out about by R-1/RAM 1 1The relay transmission delay interval.When the packet from R-1/RAM 1 is transmitted back LTU14 1The time, inquiry command A 1Proceed to R-1/RAM 3 to open the corresponding data packet transmission of beginning from this RAM.At once, the transmission of R-1/RAM 3 packets is along having delivered inquiry command A 1R-1/RAM 3 and the communication port 30 between the R-1/RAM 1 1The section beginning.Inquiry command A 1Establishment be timed to first element that makes from the packet of R-1/RAM 3 and after having transmitted last R-1/RAM 1 packet, arrive R-1/RAM 1 just.
Be independent of inquiry command A 0Inquiry command B from CRU 18 transmission 0, by LTU 14 communication ports 31 along the line 1Relay to R-1/RAM 1.In case receive inquiry command B 0, R-1/RAM 1 only with signal relay to R-1/RAM 2.R-1/RAM 2 begins separately packet along the communication port 31 between R-1/RAM 2 and the R-1/RAM 1 1Section transfers to LTU 14 1In case receive packet, R-1/RAM1 only the repetitive data packet signal to LTU 14 1
Postponing at the inquiry command at each RAM place is not fixed value, but depends on that report is to the number of the repeater RAM between the RAM of the analog channel number of separately RAM, activation with influence other factors potential variable about each RAM in transmission time.Though the preferred embodiment of the present invention provides 8 seismoreceiver system channels 32 to each RAM, also can be to CPU 46 programmings separately, to hold the channel of any amount that is less than 8.In addition, the maximum number of analog channel is not set to the rule of 8 nature.This only is the thing of device design and engineering practice.
Should be noted in the discussion above that about concrete RAM communication port 30 or 31 can be changed into another from one.Can in the connection of the fracture in the intentional communication port or successional incident, require such step.Yet in the incident of such change, the inquiry command at affected RAM place can be changed time delay.
What be worth paying special attention to is for the logic fracture function that stops each RAM that the transmission again to next RAM of (termination) but not inquiry command is programmed.This function makes the receiver line become the loop, thereby has the cable connection to two LTU 14.Yet on the function, in the configuration of given programming, each RAM will only operate with a pair of communication port 30/31 about LTU 14 single, appointment.As shown in Figure 1, in an example, the continuity of the capable T3 of seismoreceiver is interrupted by the unsurmountable barrier such as river or precipitous steep cliff between RAM R-3/RAM 1 and R-2/RAM 4.As a result, from baseline communication port 34 3, usually from LTU 14 3The inquiry command that transfers to R-2/RAM 4 changes into by LTU and stopping.Correspondingly, from LTU 14 2, the inquiry command that ends at R-2/RAM 3 usually further transfers to R-2/RAM 4 among the capable T3 of seismoreceiver via jumper cable 17.
In approximate example shown in Figure 2, by the passage 30 that passes through between R-2/RAM 2 and the R-2/RAM 3 2With 31 2Logic fracture line P-P represent obstacle.Inquiry command C from CRU 18 0And D 0By LTU 14 2Relaying.Inquiry command C 0Receive by R-2/RAM 1, and be delayed with as inquiry command C 1Transfer to R-2/RAM 3 again.Owing to have logic fracture order, so inquiry command C to R-2/RAM 2 1Not issue.Simultaneously, inquiry command D 1Relayed to R-2/RAM 2 by R-2/RAM 1, be used for R-2/RAM 2 seismoreceiver data.Yet R-2/RAM 2 does not issue transmission signals D again 1In response to inquiry command A from R-1/RAM 3 2Delay, R-2/RAM 3 seismoreceiver data are along passage 30 1Reported via jumper cable 17.
Though, do not connect obviously by physics and can realize this result along the communication port of the line P-P between R-2/RAM 2 and the R-2/RAM 3, in the moment of distributed RAM, always not tangible for the needs of such report reallocation.In addition, after distributing and requiring to replace, repair or ignore, some RAM may be out of order.Require physics to return the repairing of ram location separately with prior art or the selection of replacement is compared,, can carry out from CRU 18 and ignore and revise the selection that is connected according to the present invention.
Logic fracture energy of the present invention can be finished by the direct command to CPU 46 (original by CRU) for RAM.46 pairs of RAM programmings separately of CPU are so that they stop the transmission again of inquiry command selectively.
By the strict data packet sequencing (sequencing) that limits of configuration Network Based, the position of any packet can be used for determining which RAM has created that packet in the sequence.And, therefore within packet, do not need clear and definite narrative data bag creation-time because the packet that sends in response to an inquiry command comprises the data sampling of creating about the moment of inquiry command arrival establishment RAM greatly.By it in the position that results within the entire stream of inquiry command, creation-time be implicit as can be known.
Like this, the initial RAM and the creation-time of any packet all can impliedly be determined.This has reduced the data volume that must write on clearly in the packet.Therefore, the corresponding minimizing of data total amount of transmission.This helps the optimization of geological remote sensing exploration and makes the more efficient and cost efficiency of system.
Make many baselines communication port, for example, passage 34 1To 34 8, and each of their receiver lines separately is used for by the effect of baseline unit and RAM the data packet sequencing all independently according to above-described method.Like this, a plurality of data queues (trains), wherein each baseline communication port is corresponding one, exists simultaneously and can parallel work-flow, optimizes total transmittability.
Packet integrality along communication port is influenced by transfer rate, through-put power, type of cable and cable length.Along with increasing decay, cable length also increases.Increase decay with transfer rate becomes big.In order to optimize the signal definition value (definition) of transmission, transmission bit rate and through-put power must be at the length adjustment of communication port.
The data bit definition value relates to receiving tool is distinguished data bit in the signal continuous spectrum (continuum) that receives function.Because transmission line loss, the data bit definition value will be at the length fading rise (decay) of transmission line.At certain point of length along the line, the data bit pulse of transmission declines to and can not make a distinction with random noise unusual (anomaly).Use lower transmission bit rate, can extend the distance that reliable communication can take place.In addition, in transmission, use bigger power can extend this transmission range.
The function of control transmission power is the characteristics of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.This control is carried out according to CRU, and the power level of definite RAM and the employed transmission of LTU.Power level increases according to the requirement of longer transmission range, and shorter distance is reduced.Because different cable length and types can be used on the engineering, therefore can call different through-put power settings to the different RAM in the network, the used power level of RAM can be different with the used power level of LTU.The power of different signal transmission can be set with reverse transfer (leaving CRU) at the fl transmission to CRU.The transmission feature of the communication port of cable is depended in power setting, and length is as essential characteristic, but the further feature such as property of conductor also influences desired power, and the therefore best setting of influence., be useful to stored energy usually only by using enough energy to guarantee communication rather than excessive energy reliably.RAM that this has prolonged in long-distance distribution and the battery life among the LTU.
In this preferred embodiment, dissimilar and cable length are determined the best power setting experimentally, CRU is programmed to use these settings for given cable.It is controlled that power setting is independent of transmission frequency.Yet the best power setting is for different transmission frequencies and difference, thus to the CRU programming with identification for different transmission frequencies and for the different best settings of the communication port of dissimilar and length.
By the storage energy content of battery, the output of system and cost efficiency are brought up to and are surpassed the degree that can get from prior art.
The figure of Figure 13 and correlation table lattice illustrate the operation of this interrogating signal strategy of the cable with two kinds of different conductor (conductor) sizes and structure as described above.The graphic depiction of Figure 13 under the restriction of signal definition value, the relation of transmission bit rate and cable length.Relatively it should be noted the influence that the construction of cable has from this to data transmission capabilities.
For example, the 28AWG conductor of structure " A " will be with the recognizable data of 7.5 megabit per second reliable transmission on 288 meters cable length.Relatively, the 26AWG conductor of structure " B " will be with identical transfer rate reliable transmitting data on 342 meters cable length; 15% advantage is represented in 54 meters prolongation.
Advantage of the present invention also illustrates by the table data of Figure 14.Herein, the ability of system is organized as 3 groups at the number of the seismoreceiver channel that is connected to each RAM in the array.On concrete, the data of group I are corresponding to the device distribution matrix that 8 seismoreceiver analog channels 32 is connected to single RAM.Group II data are corresponding to the apparatus matrices with 6 seismoreceiver analog channels 32 that are connected to single RAM.Group III data connect corresponding to 4 channels.
With reference to the synoptic diagram of Fig. 1, Figure 14 table The TO/ cable(every cable taking-up number) row show to the preferred maximum number of the connection of the simulated earthquake wave detector channel of receiver line cable. TO at interval(take out at interval) is to be the distance of unit along cable length with rice between adjacent simulation connects.Weight row are to be the weight of the corresponding cable of length listed in the table of unit with the pound. Distance/RAMRow are to be the space length of unit with rice between the adjacent R AM in the receiver line. Cable lengthRow are to be the length of the respective cable of unit with rice.
For 8 Sample frequency8 column data of value (that is, interrogation frequency) 500Hz, 400Hz or the like are corresponding to the maximum number that can be connected to the analog channel 32 of the single receiver line of listed length in the table. XMIT RateRow are corresponding to the transmission bit rate that receiver line is separately applied (charging).The analog channel 32 of the specific quantity of every receiver line that Figure 14 lists relates to accordingly Sample frequencyRow and XMIT leadsOK.
Fig. 1 has described to have the receiver line and perpendicular to the typical land 3D seismic surveying of the baseline of receiver line.In the 3D of some types measured, the distance between the receiver line can significantly be shorter than along the distance between the RAM of receiver line.In this case, be favourable selecting than being selected to optimize the higher transmission bit rate of the telemetric speed of receiver line aspect the optimization baseline telemetry, can be because connect the cut cable of LTU than the cut cable much shorter that connects RAM.Therefore, CRU selects to use suitably higher transfer rate to baseline, is independent of receiver line transfer rate it is set.By using higher transfer rate, improved baseline capabilities, and on a baseline communication port, can hold more channel.Is useful using lower transfer rate on the receiver line communication port in concrete measurement engineering, because it allows the bigger distance between the RAM, thereby makes sum RAM still less cover the given area.
Like this, in this preferred embodiment, the transfer rate of baseline can be provided with to such an extent that compare higher, lower or identical with receiver line transfer rate.System is provided with the transfer rate that is used under the operator's at CRU place control, and CRU is correspondingly to each device programming in the network.
Seismic surveying has the sampling request of room and time, and these requirements are local geology, geophysics's target, seismic noise and signal characteristic and function of other factors.Sampling density on time and space requires all effected and in a similar manner.Seismic surveying with very shallow geologic objective has usually with high relatively frequency, 250Hz for example, the potential of holding signal.Yet, for can with until 250Hz successfully to shallow target imaging, require close relatively spatial sampling and close time-sampling.On the contrary, dark geologic objective has and only keeps more low-frequency signal, for example until 50Hz, potential.Like this, dark target imaging is required the time-sampling (to limit until 50Hz) of less dense, but also require the spatial sampling of less dense valuably.
As an example, target requires very close time-sampling with the high sampling rate (in order to keep the 250Hz signal with high fidelity) of 500Hz in first seismic surveying of very shallow geologic horizon.In order to keep reliable signal definition value, the short separating distance between the adjacent RAM is suitable.According to the table of Figure 14, extreme layout is a side that 1984 analog channels in the single receiver line is connected to LTU.Correspondingly, signal transmission rate ( XMIT leads) should be set to about 16.25 megabit per seconds.These analog channels can have 17 meters maximum taking-up interval along 136 meters maximum individual cable length.Only cable can also be to cross over (span) between the adjacent R AM of 136 meters of up separating also.At each off-take point, the cable channel fracture, geophone package is connected to the analog channel line from off-take point.Twice fracture of single analog channel, and the RAM extremely separately of report in the opposite direction, thus each RAM in the array is connected to 8 analog channels.
In the example in front, though only 1984 channels can be connected to the side of LTU along the receiver line, if it is connected to the opposite side of LTU, then 1984 channels can connect along the extension of receiver line in addition.Like this, if the operator operates like this, in fact he can use the channel number about every receiver line of the twice of the channel number shown in the table.
Target subsequently with identical device can require to be distributed in very sparse ground down-sampling on the large tracts of land in the measurement of dark geological stratification.Wide spacing between long distance between the geophone package and the corresponding RAM may be suitable for such measurement.With reference to Figure 14, be about 3.5 megabit per seconds by the RAM sampling rate being adjusted to about 100Hz and transfer rate being set; This low-density is measured can hold 416 analog channels (if perhaps the receiver line is connected the both sides of LTU then is 932) at each receiver line.RAM can be along the line separates with 528 meters compartment, and connects so that each RAM only receives 4 analog channels.In this case, the seismoreceiver taking-up along data cable can be maximum about 132 meters at interval.
Like this, adjustable sampling rate of the present invention and signal transmission rate, and the changeability of the channel number of each RAM make it possible to realize for the measurement requirement that changes the optimization of equipment investment.Variable bit rate is converted into open-air operation and advantage logistics.Through-put power control features of the present invention be that the user has when optimizing power consumption another under the situation that changes measuring condition, make data transmission that the instrument of robustness (robust) more be arranged.According to the type of cable and the length that are used in the network, data packet transmission control minimizes the time slot between the data packet group.This benefit provides time utilization near 100% cable for survey crew, and the extra time that can use for the more multichannel that will be added in the line, thereby causes higher communication port restriction.
In the preferred embodiment of system,,, both comprised wherein that also comprising of nature was artificial, and geological data obtains the position and the mode of operation of all items of equipment so that understand 3 dimension earth surface and geographical features positions to CRU 18 software programmings.The configuration of CRU software understanding RAM, receiver line cable, LTU, baseline cable and CRU network and interconnecting.Basically the true scale maps view of these all information of giving an example as Figure 18 is provided to system operator.Network connects can be by the operator at any time or answer operator's requirement to be set up automatically and revised by software.By this way, when the operator required to do like this, the complete or collected works' of the RAM that is disposed desirable subclass can be activated, so that record and transmission geological data.The standard computer instrument instrument of can be used as that comprise keyboard, mouse, touches pad (touchpad) and touch-screen offers the operator, handles network to help him, realizes the geophysics target.The operator can require system software to optimize network configuration, to utilize the communication capacity of specific installation project best, the desired transmission time is reduced to minimum.
In a preferred embodiment, the loop of receiver line (connecting the end of the phase adjacency pair of receiver line by using jumper cable 17) is to recommend to implement, so that in the incident of the fault of any RAM or the fracture in the receiver line cable, can rebulid by the bi-directional communication function of utilizing RAM to the connection of CRU.Notify fault to the operator on map screen, the operator only needs to reboot other standardized RAM and arrives CRU in opposite direction communication.This ruptures and finishes by relocating logic in the receiver line.This is by the schematic illustration of Figure 15 and 16.
Figure 15 illustrates the data transmission route of its ability, wherein, along receiver line R-1 with the data transmission of RAM 1-6 to LTU 14 1Along receiver line R-2 with the data transmission of RAM 7-12 to LTU 14 2Though RAM 6 is connected to RAM 12 by loop 17 physically, for R-1 separately and the transmission of R-2 inquiry command from RAM 6 and 12, this loop is break (off-line).
After equipment array had been located and connected, situation about not reckoning with caused interrupting along the signal continuity of the receiver line R-1 between RAM 3 and the RAM 4, shown in the x of Figure 16.In response, operator of the present invention stops the R-1 inquiry command at RAM 3 and transmits (by inserting the logic fracture) again, activates the R-2 inquiry command from RAM 12, and stops the R-2 inquiry command from RAM 4.
Because following two critical aspects of system: (1) data storage is in the storer of RAM, acknowledge receipt of data until CRU, and (2) system has on the receiver line communication port of remainder the ability of all data of transmission, thus between transmission period in the receiver line cable in two communication ports one fault will can not cause losing of data.Though the handling capacity of cable reduces by half, and does not have loss of data.
Approx, if the part of its communication port of baseline loss, for example owing to the operating period physical damage, then all data can guide (direct) by remaining passage.The dirigibility network design allows this adaptability for the condition of not expecting.
Data can be stored among the LTU (as RAM), and this LTU allows to preserve data when wait transfers to CRU again.
By eight (8) independently communication port provide baseline to transmit the ability of geological data.In the fault of some passages of on overcome, just having described, provide the redundancy of usefulness the distribution of baseline capabilities on every side of the also convenient physical obstacle of this design both sides.This illustrates in Figure 17.Baseline need be connected to the receiver line of obstacle both sides.In prior art systems, this will require inevitably to provide and be distributed in from CRU to farthest two baseline full on the whole piece road of coated region, and this is the unwanted burden in this preferred embodiment.As shown in figure 12, use baseline splitter equipment 19, can be positioned in the both sides of obstacle from the ability of the single baseline of CRU.In the distally of obstacle, baseline can be connect by using another baseline splitter equipment 19 again.Eight selected communication ports can be launched equably, and four of every sides are perhaps ading up to combination in any under eight the situation.Do not have selecteed passage not to be connected and be not used around the obstacle in fractionation place.Certainly, under the situation of the principle that does not change this method, baseline can be designed to have the communication port number that is different from eight.
Replace two baseline full that require the edge from CRU to posting field, except originally being at obstacle, one just enough, and this will cause the considerable savings on manpower and the equipment.For baseline provides the key concept of the ability that can divide (sub-dividable) again it can be realized.Use the prior art systems of high ability baseline can not realize this saving, and more subject to because the total losses of the transmittability that equipment failure causes.
This preferred embodiment also provides the mutual connectivity of the network equipment, so that make whole network more flexible and can adapt to different layout requirements.Perhaps baseline cable, perhaps receiver line cable can be connected to the arbitrary port of LTU.LTU can be connected to any RAM between the receiver line.Physics receiver line can be connected to baseline at two ends, perhaps is connected to identical baseline at different LTU.Baseline can be split and be connect.The receiver line can be used to deliver the baseline telemetry.
Figure 18 illustrates the benefit of the interconnecting property of this preferred embodiment to the earthquake data acquisition operations.The operator under the condition of the character of given obstacle, uses the true scale maps and the earthquake equipment in zone, with the mode construction network of optimizing under the guide of system software.
The physical obstacle of layout that the desirable desirable grid of three kinds of obstruction seismicrophone lines is arranged in this example.There is a river to flow through this zone, highway blocking-up path and a series of sandstone steep cliff blocking-up path.Operator at the CRU place observes the map that Figure 18 describes.When needs were described the current device configuration, this width of cloth map just changed.Because operator's construction network, so he has the advantage of facilities for observation project about the definite position of the physical characteristics of landform.He also sees the operability state of items of equipment, and for example whether concrete baseline is being specified within the standard with the receiver line that is connected to it with RAM is operated.Which he determines utilized available equipment with the construction network best.
The operator has been chosen in the south of highway and has set up the baseline that separates, so that reduce the worry of secure context by the quantity of workman on the restriction highway and cable.He also selects to set up baseline northwards, and it is repeatedly split, and a part is parked under the steep cliff, and another part is climbed up steep cliff at the easiest point, and wherein it is divided again and again in order to using topography.
NE angle in the zone, the operator select to use have separately as repeater use RAM's and do not have seismoreceiver to be connected to the receiver line cable of these RAM.Herein, receiver line cable has been used to deliver the baseline telemetry, thereby plays a part only to have the baseline of two communication ports.LTU at this extremity of an interval of cable connects the receiver line with RAM mutually at the NE end place in this zone.This has illustrated that RAM can play dual parts, that is, purely as repeater overcoming distance limit, and as data acquisition facility about the seismoreceiver array.In addition, though the communication port decreased number that has, thus the ability of the replacement baseline cable of receiver line cable is to increase another characteristics that system flexibility increases productivity.Prior art systems does not possess these functions.
Jumper cable 17 is used to connect the section of receiver line cable so that create the loop at the right end of receiver line.This not only makes the receiver line prolong, and alternative transmission path can be provided, and this transmission path that substitutes can be used to overcome one the fault of cable breakage and receiver line centering RAM.
Like this, under the help of map view that software provides and layout tool, the operator can design and be used for obtaining the most practical of geological data and cost-efficient mode is arranged.Owing to have mulitpath to use from each RAM to CRU, this makes does not need just to reconfigure and can work continuously under the situation of device damage or fault, so network more flexible improved the convenience and the safety of configuration, and has improved the yield-power after disposing.
Figure 18 has described typical R AM in CRU and the network, and this RAM separates with CRU, and is connected to CRU by baseline cable with a series of LTU and the receiver line with several interventions (intervening) RAM.The target of the hope of all seismic data acquisition system is: by all RAM record amplitude samples in the network, all these is effective in the accurate identical moment.Yet, if can obtain a kind of means of learning about the actual samples time of the variation of each RAM, and be provided at the desirable sampling time and calculate the means of the probable value of amplitude, do not need in fact simultaneously to amplitude sample.The preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise unique means of the sampled targets that realization is stated above.
Method of the present invention recognizes that two types error can cause the asynchronism(-nization) of amplitude sample in the ideal time that is intended to.First type error comprises: along with inquiry command from CRU through getting involved the stroke of network element series to RAM, those that cause by the continuous delay in the network.Second type error occurs within the RAM.
Baseline cable, LTU, receiver line cable and get involved transmission delay among the RAM and all impel and (contribute) first type error.These delays or can before the seismic surveying in the laboratory physics measure, and in the CRU system software, list with form at every type network element, perhaps under the situation of having a mind to apply the delay that inquiry command transmits again, can calculate by system software.To the CRU programming,, thereby calculate the total transmission delay that can estimate for each RAM in the network so that for these delays that can estimate of the simple addition of given network configuration.The value of this expectation is equal to from inquiry command and opens total delay between time of beginning amplitude sample from time that CRU sends until given RAM in the beginning of recording period at its channel accordingly.
In this preferred embodiment, after the first time sampling of having carried out seismologic record, according to the internal clocking of RAM self, RAM continues being equal to the sampling time section of programming, for example every 2ms, time increment sample.The RAM internal clocking can be relative low-power and the clock that is easy to drift (drift-prone), such as the temperature compensating crystal oscillator (TCXO) with for example drift of 2.5 parts of (parts) per 1,000,000 (PPM).Yet, the system's major clock among the CRU more accurate many, consumed power is also much bigger.Usually it can have the drift rate such as 0.02PPM.System's major clock can use such as the external time source from gps clock and periodically proofread and correct.
Before sampling next time, exempt RAM to receiving dependence from each and each inquiry command of CRU, have the advantage aspect system effectiveness, and the advantage that under the situation of fragmentary error from the transmission of CRU to RAM, prevents error, this also is a new feature of the present invention.
Along with RAM in recording period, such as every 2ms, after opening the beginning sampling, carry out amplitude sample according to its clock and since in its clock, increase accumulation error so sampling meeting gradually from the sampling time that is intended to float from.If do not use the method for this preferred embodiment, when the length of recording period was very big, it is very big that error can become, to such an extent as to invalid and return useless amplitude data.Figure 19 has illustrated to open the accumulation of the clock drift error between sampling time beginning and sampling time afterwards.
In mode described below, can monitor this ram clock drift as the method for this preferred embodiment.
1. according to the reception progress of the pre-inquiry command of determining, for example per 100 receptions begin with first inquiry command when recording period begins, and RAM periodically stores its clock time.
2. when recording period finishes, or when CRU asks, RAM sends it back CRU with the table of the clock time of its storage.
3.CRU know its time of internal clocking corresponding to the time in the table that comprises the ram clock time, and know total delay estimated about RAM, construction about the drift curve of the ram clock formed by the value of ram clock time ratio (versus) major clock time.
Any inquiry command that goes wrong in transmission also thereby do not received by RAM will subtract the diagnosis displacement (diagnostic shift) that causes in the lump in the drift curve to its counting.Unless transmission error is very big, this method has comprised the detection and the correction of such inquiry command transmission error.
Use postpones about drift curve and total expectation of each channel of each RAM, and CRU calculates the real time that each RAM carries out its amplitude sample.Figure 20 has illustrated two groups of times, the desired time and the real time that mark on representational simulated earthquake waveform.Actual samples provides according to the basis of major clock estimation in the amplitude in the sampling time of intention.Simple regression or curve-fitting method can be used to calculate the range value in the estimation of the time that is intended to.Perhaps, can use, such as (sin X)/X or best least mean-square error (LSME) filtering interpolation in exquisiter method well-known in the art.Like this, CRU at each the channel calculation that writes down for the range value in the sampling time of ideal intention, realize target effectively.
If continuing of recording period is very short, for example 10 seconds, the drift of then calculating ram clock may be least important.For very long recording period, such as 300 seconds or longer, then this was important, and therefore in the enforcement of the continuous or quasi-continuous record of the requirement of the method sweep (Vibroseis Slip-Sweep) such as the vibroseis cunning, this is priceless.
If (the relative drift value of ram clock is unconspicuous for example＜0.2ms) at window, then in the short relatively duration, for example 10 seconds, time window on error averaging time calculated about channel can be used for all amplitude samples within this window of time shift (time-shift).
For each of many RAM in the register system, the ram clock drift is different, and these different ram clocks drifts show: the original amplitude sample for different RAM that carry out at different time.Register system is an asynchronous system among the present invention in this respect, rather than synchro system of the prior art.In addition, the delay of having a mind to apply in the inquiry command transmission is also contributed (allowing the data throughout maximization along baseline and receiver line simultaneously) to some extent to the asynchronous nature of system.
It is synchronous desirable sampling that the new method of sampling correction time can be implemented on the effect asynchronous system.Because originally system is asynchronous, so it can realize network and system effectiveness that synchro system can not realize.
Though our invention is described according to the embodiment that describes in detail, it will be appreciated that this as just example, the invention is not restricted to this.Content disclosed according to the present invention, alternative embodiment and operative technique are conspicuous to those of ordinary skills.Therefore, under the situation of the spirit that does not deviate from claim of the present invention, can make amendment to the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. a method that writes down seismic measurement data comprises the steps:
A. generate the seismic surveying incident of land transmission;
B. survey the seismic reflection of described incident by a plurality of physically isolated sensors;
C. by described sensor generation each sensor signal corresponding to described seismic reflection;
D. the signal edge signaling channel separately with each sensor transfers to the corresponding signal process module, and each signal processing module transmission is corresponding to the digital signal of each sensor signal; And
E. will be about the digital signal of first signal processing module frequency transmission to the second such signal processing module from frequency spectrum, to select as the variable of the function of the physical characteristics of the digital signal carrier wave between described first and second signal processing modules, described selection has caused the signal attenuation that depends on frequency that measures or estimate.
2. according to the method described in the claim 1, wherein, described digital signal is transmitted with packet, and each bag includes the limited number bits of digital data, and described bag is transmitted by described first and second signal processing modules.
3. according to the method described in the claim 1, wherein, can select the cable of various features at described digital signal carrier wave.
4. according to the method described in the claim 1, wherein, described digital signal carrier wave is modulated radiowave.
5. according to the method described in the claim 1, wherein, described digital signal carrier wave is modulated light wave.
6. according to the method described in the claim 1, wherein, described sensor signal is a digital form.
7. according to the method described in the claim 1, wherein, the described digital signal of described first signal processing module transfers to described secondary signal processing module along the receiver line, is used for transferring to described signal recording system again along baseline.
8. according to the method described in the claim 7, wherein, along the digital signal of receiver line transmission with transfer rate transmission along the substantially the same speed of the transfer rate of described baseline.
9. according to the method described in the claim 7, wherein, transmit with the transfer rate different basically with the transfer rate of the digital signal of transmitting along described baseline along the digital signal of receiver line transmission.
10. according to the method described in the claim 2, wherein, a limited number of data bit is variable in the described bag.
11. according to the method described in the claim 1, wherein, a plurality of sensors transfer to shared signal processing module along channel separately with signal.
12. a device that writes down seismic measurement data comprises:
A. many seismoreceivers are used to receive the seismic events reflection, and are used to respond such reflection and transmission signals;
B. many signal processing modules have and have a mind to asynchronous interrogating signal processor and variable frequency digital signal telemetry and receive and transmittability;
C. a plurality of signal channels between described seismoreceiver and described signal processing module;
D. many digital signal carrier waves are connected to the data record unit with interrogating signal transmitter with described a plurality of signal processing modules along the signal receiver line; And
E. the CPU (central processing unit) in described data record unit, automatically select the employed transmission frequency of described signal processing module from the frequency spectrum as the variable of the function of the physical characteristics of described digital signal carrier wave, described selection has caused the signal attenuation that depends on frequency that measures or estimate.
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