CN100399842C - Middle-frequency transmission method and middle-frequency interface for base-station to realize radio-frequency zoom-out - Google Patents
Middle-frequency transmission method and middle-frequency interface for base-station to realize radio-frequency zoom-out Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an intermediate frequency transmission method and an intermediate frequency interface for the equipment of a base station for realizing radio-frequency zoom-out, which solves the problems that the covering radius of a cell is small and the cost of the base station is high caused by the characteristics of the radio wave propagation of 2GHz frequency range when the third generation mobile communication system is about to be commercially used in large scale. The present invention adopts the 'radio-frequency zoom-out' technique that a radio frequency receiving-transmitting part of the base station is arranged near an antenna and is away from the equipment of the base station, and the radio-frequency zoom-out is implemented with intermediate frequency transmission technique. The intermediate frequency transmission comprises the steps that an analog radio frequency receiving-transmitting part and the base band digital signal processing part of the equipment of the base station are separated from an analog intermediate frequency part, so a common indoor unit and a plurality of far-end radio frequency front end equipment are formed, and the common indoor unit and the far-end radio frequency front end equipment are connected by the intermediate frequency interface of the present invention in various wired and wireless method for serial or star connection for the transmission of the intermediate frequency. The transmission of a plurality of service intermediate frequencies, a reference clock, the frequency conversion, the encoding operation and the combination of real-time and non-real-time control signals, and the branching operation, the decoding operation and the frequency conversion of the real-time and the non-real-time control signals. The present invention has the characteristics of convenient realization and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for designing of wireless base station device in the 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system), relate to intermediate frequency transmission method and the IF interface that to realize in the 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) base station equipment that radio frequency zooms out or rather.
Background technology
The modular design scheme of existing base stations in mobile communication system equipment is reception antenna, transmitting antenna to be installed in outdoor, radio-frequency (RF) transceiver is installed in indoor, is connected with low-loss radio frequency cable between radio-frequency (RF) transceiver and reception antenna, transmitting antenna.Radio-frequency (RF) transceiver adopts discrete component or the lower chip design of integrated level substantially.
In recent years, along with demand to the 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) wireless base station, base station equipment still uses this traditional method for designing just to exert oneself for its energy, its reason is: 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) works in the 2GHz frequency range, be subjected to the restriction of this frequency range radio wave propagation characteristic, must increase the quantity of base station greatly, and require it to realize three-dimensional the covering, if also design radio-frequency (RF) transceiver with discrete component and the very little chip of integrated level, with be connected receipts with the low-loss radio frequency cable, send out antenna and radio-frequency (RF) transceiver, increase along with transceiver quantity, property difference between discrete component and the difficulty when using not only thick but also long radio frequency cable will cause people's wage adjustment to survey are with inefficient, and its result will cause productibility, problem on cost and the project installation; The radio frequency cable that connects between antenna and the indoor radio-frequency (RF) transceiver is bigger with the loss ratio of super band at 2GHz, the loss of radio frequency cable can't stand, especially concerning the mobile communication system of using smart antenna, because antenna amount increases greatly, the problem of aspects such as its feeder loss, cable cost and installation all will be difficult to overcome.For this reason, when design 3G (Third Generation) Moblie wireless base station, used technical scheme shown in Figure 1 to attempt to address the above problem at present.
Name is called " the tower smart antenna array that is used for wireless communication system " shown in Fig. 1, the patent No. is disclosed a kind of base station equipment design in the Chinese patent of ZL 01201473.7, to receive, the low noise amplifier of receive path and the high power amplifier in the transmission channel place outdoor unit in the sender, and be positioned at receipts, send out near the antenna, can be connected with the antenna short distance, radio frequency is received, the part of sender except that low noise amplifier and high power amplifier is installed in the indoor unit, with long radio frequency cable the low noise amplifier in the outdoor unit is connected with radio frequency receiver in the indoor unit, with the high power amplifier in the outdoor unit being connected with radio frequency sender in the indoor unit than the radio frequency cable of length.
Among the figure, the base station comprises antenna 101, outdoor unit 100 and indoor unit 110.100 of antenna 101 and outdoor units are connected with one section very short radio frequency cable 107, and outdoor unit 100 is connected to indoor unit 110 by a radio frequency cable 108 of growing.Outdoor unit 100 contains transmit-receive switch or circulator 102,104, low noise amplifier 103, reaches power amplifier 105.During reception, the radiofrequency signal that antenna 101 receives is sent into indoor unit 110 through transmit-receive switch or circulator 102, low noise amplifier 103, transmit-receive switch or circulator 104, radio frequency cable 108; During emission, the radiofrequency signal that indoor unit 110 is sent sends through radio frequency cable 108, transmit-receive switch or circulator 104, power amplifier 105, transmit-receive switch or circulator 102 antennas 101.
In indoor unit 110, the radiofrequency signal from outdoor unit 100 that receives is delivered to radio frequency analog receiver 112 by radio-frequency (RF) switch 111, provide radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator by local oscillator 115, the radio frequency that receives is converted to intermediate-freuqncy signal, this intermediate-freuqncy signal is converted to digital signal and after digital intermediate frequency circuit 114 is handled, delivers to digital baseband processing unit (DSP) 125 through analog-to-digital converter 113.Radio frequency analog transmitter 116 is handled and sent to digital signal to be launched by 125 outputs of digital baseband processing unit through Digital IF Processing circuit 118 after digital to analog converter 117 is converted to analog intermediate frequency signal, radio-frequency (RF) local oscillator is provided and is converted to radio frequency by local oscillator 115, send outdoor unit 100 emissions through radio-frequency (RF) switch 111 again.Connect indoor unit 110 and outdoor unit 100 with radio frequency cable 108, the receiver noise factor that can avoid cable loss to cause increases and sacrifices the problem of transmitting power.
Fig. 2 illustrates a kind of base station equipment design of using Optical Fiber Transmission, and this scheme has been used in 3G FDD equipment.For the sake of simplicity, the receive path part has only been described among the figure.The base station comprises antenna 151, outdoor unit 150 and indoor unit 160.150 of antenna 151 and outdoor units are connected with one section very short radio frequency cable 157, and outdoor unit 150 is connected to indoor unit 160 by an optical cable 158 of growing.The radio frequency analog signal that antenna 151 receives is delivered to outdoor unit 150 by radio frequency cable 157, in outdoor unit 150, pass through low noise amplification 152, analog receiver 154, simulate to digitalizer 155 and optical interface circuit 156, the analog radio-frequency signal that receives is converted to light signal and is sent in the indoor unit 160 with optical fiber 158, in indoor unit 160, finish Digital IF Processing 161 and digital baseband again and handle 162 with digital form.153 provide the local oscillator that radio frequency is changed among the figure.
In Fig. 1 scheme, do not reach radio frequency cable cost problem of higher more greatly, make the base station equipment design cost high owing to fundamentally solve the radio frequency cable loss.And antenna and outdoor unit thereof do not allow too far away yet apart from indoor unit, usually within 60 meters; Be difficult to finish the three-dimensional covering that 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) must realize, for example in the building, because radio frequency cable is thicker, the engineering that outdoor unit is connected on the indoor unit can be very difficult.And the scheme of Fig. 2, though can solve transmission range in Fig. 1 scheme and the difficulty in the wiring flexibly, owing to increased by a cover optical transmission circuit, cause cost to increase, in the system of many antennas, for example use in the system of smart antenna especially, this cost increase can be quite tangible.
And, using above-mentioned prior art, every suit outdoor unit must use a pair of transmission medium (radio frequency cable or optical fiber) to be connected with indoor unit.This a pair of transmission medium can be understood as a radio frequency cable and adds many control lines concerning the TDD system; Concerning the FDD system, then up-downgoing must be used optical fiber or cable respectively, if use an Optical Fiber Transmission, then need take two optical wavelengths.All can only adopt Y-connection between a plurality of outdoor units and an indoor unit in above-mentioned two kinds of schemes, promptly many cover sending and receiving antennas and outdoor unit thereof must be directly connected to indoor unit by cable or optical fiber separately, the project installation inconvenience.
Because the radio wave propagation characteristic of 2GHz frequency range, the covering radius of each macro cell base station in the 3G (Third Generation) Moblie net (a cover antenna) can only have the 1-3 kilometer, in the zone that the area that high buildings and large mansions stand in great numbers in the city, trees are blocked, the building etc., this covering radius is also much smaller.And, in this overlay area, may also can there be the shadow region that much can't communicate by letter.Because the overlay area of each wireless base station is too little, therefore in a city, realize intact covering, just must set up a large amount of base stations, wherein the selection of site and construction cost all are very difficult problems.
Use present base station equipment design, all must there be self complete base station equipment configuration each sub-district, comprise whole parts of handling the analog radio frequency transmitting-receiving from digital baseband signal, cause the base station cost too high, and, a lot of base station equipments can't be used Iub interface connecting system (as structure among Fig. 1) easily, make the cost of the wireless base station device that every sub-district bears too high.
In second generation mobile communication (GSM and the IS-95CDMA) system, solve the coverage hole problem by using the repeater.But in 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system),, must cause service quality to descend and introduce the repeater, so 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) can not be used the repeater in principle simply owing to must guarantee system service quality (QoS).But, up to the present also do not have a kind of technology that the blind area covers that solves easily relatively effectively again.
In the time can't setting up radio frequency cable or optical fiber between indoor unit and the outdoor unit, (for example in the city, need to cross over the street), can't realize that radio frequency zooms out, promptly can't realize the wireless connections between radio frequency or the intermediate-freuqncy signal.
In sum, be about in the extensive commercialization in 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system) (for example WCDMA and TD-SCDMA), the cost that solve the little problem of coverage radius of cell that 2GHz frequency range radio wave propagation characteristic causes, solves a large amount of indoor coverings and the problem of wireless data service is provided and reduces the wireless base station has become the major issue that each base station equipment manufacturing firm faces.Yet partly placing near the antenna, present what is called " radio frequency zooms out " technology of using, the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting that is about to the wireless base station, just solved a part of problem away from base station equipment.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to design the intermediate frequency transmission method that a kind of base station equipment realizes that radio frequency zooms out, the indoor unit and the far end radio frequency headend equipment that connect base station equipment with the intermediate frequency transmission medium, what transmit on this intermediate frequency transmission medium is the medium-frequency receiving and sending signal, helps reducing the base station equipment cost and realizes being connected between a plurality of far end radio frequency headend equipments and an indoor unit.
Another object of the present invention is that a kind of base station equipment of design realizes the IF interface that radio frequency zooms out, be connected by this IF interface between the indoor unit that makes base station equipment and far end radio frequency headend equipment and realize that intermediate frequency zooms out transmission, and can realize being connected between a plurality of far end radio frequency headend equipments and an indoor unit.
The technical scheme that realizes first goal of the invention of the present invention is: a kind of base station equipment realizes the intermediate frequency transmission method that radio frequency zooms out, and comprising:
Base station equipment is divided into more than one far end radio frequency headend equipment and a public indoor unit, the far end radio frequency headend equipment comprises analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit and IF interface, indoor unit comprises IF interface and baseband digital signal processing unit, is connected by the intermediate frequency transmission medium between the IF interface of the IF interface of indoor unit and far end radio frequency headend equipment;
IF interface closes Lu Chengyi Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal with a plurality of professional intermediate-freuqncy signals, a plurality of real-time control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal and reference clock and sends to and transmit on the described intermediate frequency transmission medium and will be shunted to a plurality of professional intermediate-freuqncy signals, a plurality of real-time control and a plurality of non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal and reference clock from a Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal on the intermediate frequency transmission medium.
The described road of closing comprises:
A1) IF interface carries out the carrier frequency conversion to each professional intermediate-freuqncy signal, is for conversion into the CF signal of different IF frequency;
B1) real-time control and the non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal time division multiplexing with a plurality of low-speed digital is a high-speed digital signal, this high-speed digital signal is modulated on the different resting frequence of one or more and above-mentioned professional intermediate frequency again;
C1) CF signal of step a1 and b1 acquisition is closed the road with reference clock by the frequency ordering and become a described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal;
A2) the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal described in the step c1 is carried out shunt, go out the CF signal of reference clock, a plurality of professional intermediate frequencies and the CF signal of one or more real-time control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal along separate routes;
B2) CF signal of each professional intermediate frequency is carried out the carrier frequency conversion on demand;
C2) to the CF signal of one or more real-time controls and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal carry out demodulation, demultiplexing is a plurality of real-time controls and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal.
Described intermediate frequency transmission medium can be immediate frequency cable or the optical fiber that adopts the wired connection mode, also can be the microwave relay unit that adopts the wireless connections mode.
Can adopt the Y-connection mode be connected by the intermediate frequency transmission medium between the IF interface of the IF interface of an above far end radio frequency headend equipment and a public indoor unit, also can adopt mode connected in series to connect by described intermediate frequency transmission medium;
Described mode connected in series comprises:
From first far end radio frequency headend equipment that is connected with indoor unit, the IF interface of each far end radio frequency headend equipment in connected in series, only from the intermediate-freuqncy signal of broadband, go out the reference clock of this far end radio frequency headend equipment, professional intermediate frequency and control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal in real time along separate routes, and send all the other signals in the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal IF interface of the next far end radio frequency headend equipment that is connected in series with it to, until last far end radio frequency headend equipment;
From last far end radio frequency headend equipment, the IF interface of each far end radio frequency headend equipment in connected in series, only with the reference clock of this far end radio frequency headend equipment, professional intermediate frequency and control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal in real time, close the road in the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal and be transferred to the IF interface of a last far end radio frequency headend equipment that is connected in series with it, until first far end radio frequency headend equipment that is connected with indoor unit.
The technical scheme that realizes second goal of the invention of the present invention is: a kind of base station equipment realizes the IF interface that radio frequency zooms out, and comprising:
Frequency synthesizer, receive path part and sendaisle part;
Described sendaisle partly comprises n frequency converter, encoder and mixer, n=1, and 2 ... n corresponding n the professional intermediate frequency of frequency converter carries out carrier frequency shift, and the n after the conversion professional intermediate frequency send described mixer; Encoder becomes a high-speed digital signal with a plurality of low speed digital signal time division multiplexinges on many real-time control lines and many non real-time Monitoring and Controlling buses and is modulated at least one carrier frequency, and this at least one carrier frequency is sent described mixer; At least one carrier frequency after the n of described mixer after with a carrier frequency shift professional intermediate frequency, the control signal modulation and reference clock close Lu Chengyi Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal by the frequency ordering, send on the intermediate frequency transmission medium and transmit;
Described receive path partly comprises n frequency converter, decoder and splitter, n=1,2, ... splitter will be shunted to the output of n+2 road from the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal on the intermediate frequency transmission medium, wherein 1 tunnel output is transformed to many real-time control lines and many non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus signals through decoder demodulation, demultiplexing, 1 the tunnel be output as reference clock in addition, the output of n road is transformed into n professional IF-FRE through n frequency converter;
Described frequency synthesizer provides required intermediate-freuqncy signal for n frequency converter, encoder of n frequency converter, decoder and the sendaisle part of receive path part.
Can also comprise an optical modulator and optical demodulator; Optical modulator will be withered by the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal that mixer closes road output and make light signal, re-send on the optical fiber and transmit; Optical demodulator will be demodulated to described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal from the light signal on the optical fiber, send described splitter again to.
The intermediate frequency transmission method that realization radio frequency of the present invention zooms out, the analog radio frequency sending and receiving part that the constitutes wireless base station device baseband digital signal processing section with sending and receiving is separated from analog intermediate frequency, form far end radio frequency headend equipment and indoor unit respectively, the far end radio frequency headend equipment is zoomed out near antenna, connect antenna with short as far as possible radio frequency cable, what transmit between far end radio frequency headend equipment and indoor unit is the broadband analog if signal.The far end radio frequency headend equipment can adopt various wired or wireless transmission means to be connected with indoor unit, the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal transmission medium that promptly connects between indoor unit and far end radio frequency headend equipment can be the immediate frequency cable or the optical fiber of wired mode, and the microwave relay unit of wireless mode etc., transmission range can surpass 10 kilometers, can transmit with a pair of intermediate frequency transmission line.Can also be connected in series between a plurality of far end radio frequency headend equipments, be connected with indoor unit again.
The IF interface that realization radio frequency of the present invention zooms out, be separately positioned on far end radio frequency headend equipment and indoor unit side, each IF interface carries out frequency conversion, closes the road processing the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal of input, make it transmit on a pair of intermediate frequency transmission line and to the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal that transmits on from a pair of intermediate frequency transmission line carry out along separate routes, frequency conversion.
Compare with the scheme that background technology is listed, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: improved the capacity of wireless base station, reduced cost; Thoroughly solve the far-end antenna of base station and the signal transmission issues between indoor unit, can adapt to various environments for use.Make the base station equipment flexible configuration, be convenient to the mobile radio communication engineering design.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wireless base station device structural representation that typically adopts the radio frequency cable transmission;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that typically adopts the wireless base station device receive path part of optical cable transmission;
Fig. 3 is that the present invention realizes that radio frequency zooms out, the base station equipment structural representation of intermediate frequency transmission;
Fig. 4 realizes that radio frequency of the present invention zooms out, the intermediate frequency transmission frequency spectra is arranged schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 realizes that radio frequency of the present invention zooms out, the IF interface structured flowchart of the indoor section of intermediate frequency transmission;
Fig. 6 realizes that radio frequency of the present invention zooms out, the IF interface structured flowchart of the far end radio frequency headend equipment of intermediate frequency transmission;
Fig. 7 be utilize that microwave relay unit realizes that radio frequency of the present invention zooms out, the intermediate frequency transmission zoom out the microwave relay unit structured flowchart;
Fig. 8 is that a plurality of far end radio frequency headend equipments are by the system architecture diagram that is connected with indoor unit more connected in series.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of in 3-G (Generation Three mobile communication system), and the method for designing that radio frequency zooms out is realized with the intermediate frequency transmission technology in the wireless base station.The method is that the baseband digital signal processing section of the analog radio frequency transceiver part in the wireless base station with the wireless base station separated at the analog intermediate frequency place, thereby form far end radio frequency headend equipment and indoor unit, the far end radio frequency headend equipment of realizing the analog radio frequency transmitting-receiving is zoomed out near antenna, adopt the analog intermediate frequency transmission technology between far end radio frequency headend equipment and indoor unit, can wiredly be connected with various with wireless transmission means.The medium that connects can be immediate frequency cable, optical fiber, and microwave relay unit etc.Connected mode can be a star, also can be serial.
The base station that capacity is enough big, i.e. the enough big public indoor unit of Base-Band Processing ability can connect the analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit that several even dozens of are arranged in the far end radio frequency headend equipment of far-end.And each far end radio frequency headend equipment that is positioned at remote location both can contain a cover simulation Transmit Receive Unit, connect an antenna, also can contain many cover simulation Transmit Receive Unit, connected a plurality of antennas, covered the sub-district in the mobile radio communication.
A base station equipment like this, can linking number only to tens of the far-end analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Units that capacity is identical or different, just can support several to dozens of macrocell, Microcell and picocell simultaneously.When doing the engineering design,, can form the mobile radio communication that cost is low, covering is good flexibly according to covering requirement in areas such as down towns; In the outer suburbs and rural area, can enlarge the coverage of each base station greatly, form the mobile radio communication that low, the big zone of cost covers.
The present invention program can describe with structure shown in Figure 3.The main body of this base station equipment is an indoor unit 300, and indoor unit 300 provides Iub interface 354, for being connected with the radio network controller (RNC) of system.
In the indoor unit 300, contain control and interface unit 346, with reference to (benchmark) clock unit 345, many covers are finished the modem module 344 (being generally each cell configuration one cover modem module) that baseband digital signal is handled, and overlap digital IF processing unit 343 (being generally the digital IF processing unit of each cell configuration one cover) more.Control with interface unit 346 and overlap between the modem module 344 more and be connected with high-speed figure bus 353, control is connected with all parts of indoor unit by control bus 352 with interface unit 346, overlaps digital IF processing unit 343 more and is connected with many cover modem modules 344 by signal bus 351.How the digital IF processing unit 343 of cover is finished the numeral of receiving and dispatching intermediate-freuqncy signal is extremely simulated and simulates to signal processing such as digital conversion and filtering, every cover or overlap digital IF processing unit 343 shared analog intermediate frequency interfaces 331 more, 332,333 etc., as passing through analog intermediate frequency interface 331, utilize optical fiber or immediate frequency cable indoor unit 300 to be connected to the far end radio frequency headend equipment 301 of outdoor section, 302,30k, by analog intermediate frequency interface 332, utilize immediate frequency cable or optical fiber to be connected to the far end radio frequency headend equipment 311 of outdoor section, by analog intermediate frequency interface 333, utilize immediate frequency cable or optical fiber to be connected to microwave relay unit 322, this microwave relay unit 322 is communicated by letter with the microwave relay unit 323 of far-end, this microwave relay unit 323 is connected with far end radio frequency headend equipment 325 by immediate frequency cable or optical fiber again, thereby realizes the wireless connections between indoor unit and the far end radio frequency headend equipment.
Far end radio frequency headend equipment 301,302 ..., 30k adopts connected in series, the analog intermediate frequency interface 331 that is indoor unit 300 is connected with far end radio frequency headend equipment 30k earlier, be connected to other far end radio frequency headend equipment by 30k again, until being connected to last far end radio frequency headend equipment 301.Connected mode also can be Y-connection, promptly each far end radio frequency headend equipment 301,302 ..., 30k all is connected on each analog intermediate frequency interface of indoor unit 300 by the intermediate frequency transmission medium.
The far end radio frequency headend equipment 311 that is connected with the analog intermediate frequency interface 332 of indoor unit 300 has a plurality of antennas, and as shown in FIG. 4 just have 4 cover simulation Transmit Receive Unit accordingly.
Far end radio frequency headend equipment 301,302 ..., 30k and 311,325, mainly form by analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit and IF interface two large divisions, analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit wherein adopts the radio-frequency receiving-transmitting technology of traditional base station radio equipment, structure as shown in fig. 1, IF interface is used for the corresponding connection of IF interface with indoor unit.
In a kind of like this base station equipment, above-mentioned analog intermediate frequency interface has a plurality of, to be connected to a plurality of a plurality of radio-frequency front-end equipment that are positioned at the far end radio frequency headend equipment of different far-ends or are positioned at same far-end, forms coverage cell one by one at far-end.
If far end radio frequency headend equipment, as 311,325, their relative indoor units 300 disperse to set up, can use Y-connection between they and the indoor unit 300, promptly indoor unit 300 IF interface 332,333 is connected to a far end radio frequency headend equipment by a transmission medium correspondence.If far end radio frequency headend equipment, as 301,302 ..., 30k, indoor unit 300 is concentrated and is set up relatively, indoor and outdoor covering in the building, a few building of for example realizing a building or being close to etc., a plurality of far end radio frequency headend equipments then can use connected in series with being connected of 300 of indoor units, a common IF interface 331 that inserts indoor unit, and do not need to allow each far end radio frequency headend equipment all use a transmission medium, insert a plurality of IF interfaces of indoor unit respectively.
The present invention is when using the analog intermediate frequency transmission technology, and its intermediate frequency interface section is adopted shunt, decoding, frequency conversion and frequency conversion, coding, path combining technique respectively on transmit-receive position.Frequency spectrum arrangement in the transmission course of analog intermediate frequency shown in Fig. 4.Between far end radio frequency headend equipment and indoor unit, generally speaking, the various connections that need as shown in Figure 3 come the transport service intermediate-freuqncy signal.Usually each far end radio frequency headend equipment has: the professional intermediate-freuqncy signal of single or a plurality of carrier waves; Reference clock, the steady accurate degree of frequency of assurance far end radio frequency headend equipment; Real-time control line and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus signals.
The present invention to the professional intermediate-freuqncy signal of one or more far end radio frequency headend equipments, carries out frequency-conversion processing with above-mentioned indoor unit earlier, more as shown in Figure 4 by the ordering of the frequency after the frequency conversion for signal 1,2,3 ..., m; Adopt time-multiplexed method to synthesize a high-speed digital signal indoor unit to the low speed digital signal on the real-time control line of one or more far end radio frequency headend equipments and the non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus (but as many as tens of), use simple modulation system again, for example FSK or BPSK are modulated on one or more carrier frequency.Signal and reference clock to above-mentioned various different frequencies close the road, and form a Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal of frequency spectrum arrangement as shown in Figure 4, offer the transmission medium transmission.
The structure of the IF interface 400 of indoor unit shown in Fig. 5 is as the IF interface among Fig. 3 331,332,333.With direction that the far end radio frequency headend equipment is connected on, the interface 411 that connects launching fiber, the interface 410 that connects the emission medium-frequency cable are arranged, connect the interface 413 that receives optical fiber and the interface 412 (can provide optical fiber to connect, also can provide immediate frequency cable to connect) that receives immediate frequency cable is provided.With being connected of indoor unit transmit direction, reference clock 460 is arranged, the professional intermediate-freuqncy signal of n 471 is to 47n, many real-time control lines 462 and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus 465, with being connected of indoor unit receive direction, reference clock 480 is arranged, and the professional intermediate-freuqncy signal of n 481 is to 48n, many real-time control lines 482 and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus 485.
IF interface 400 is made up of frequency synthesizer 430, sendaisle and receive path, wherein sendaisle comprise n frequency converter 441,442,443 ..., 44n, mixer 420 and encoder 432; Receive path comprise n frequency converter 451,452,453 ..., 45n, splitter 421 and decoder 433.
On sending direction, the carrier frequency of said n professional intermediate-freuqncy signal and spectral bandwidth may be identical, also may be different, they all n frequency converter 441,442,443 ..., be converted into different carrier frequencies (being IF-FRE revises) on demand among the 44n.A plurality of low speed digital signals on above-mentioned many real-time control lines 462 and the non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus 465 will adopt time-multiplexed method to synthesize a high-speed digital signal in encoder 432, use simple modulation system again, for example FSK or BPSK are modulated on one or more carrier frequencies.All are through the signal and the reference clock of frequency translation, i.e. n+2 road input enters mixer 420 together, have just formed the Wideband Intermediate Frequency with frequency spectrum shown in Figure 4 and have sent signal.This signal can be connected directly to interface 410, for the emission medium-frequency cable transmission; Also can deliver to optical modulator 415 and be transformed to light signal, send on the launching fiber by interface 411.
On receive direction, when the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal that receives when connecting the interface 412 of immediate frequency cable, receive the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal and directly enter splitter 421.When the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal that receives when connecting the interface 413 of optical fiber, receiving optical signals is for conversion in optical demodulator 416 and receives the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal, enters splitter 421 again.
Splitter 421 will receive the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal and be divided into the output of n+2 road, wherein 1 the tunnel be transformed to real-time control line 482 signals and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus 485 signals through decoder 433 demodulation, demultiplexing, send into indoor unit (this decoder 433 can be one or more, decides according to actual design) again; Another road is a reference clock 480, all the other n receive professional intermediate-freuqncy signal through n frequency converter 451,452,453 ..., 45n is transformed to the receiving intermediate frequency signal 481 to 48n that the base station indoor unit is needed, carrier frequency is identical or different (IF-FRE modification), send into the Digital IF Processing unit in the indoor unit again, as 343 among Fig. 3.Frequency synthesizer 430 in the interface circuit 400, for all frequency converters, encoder and decoder in the interface circuit provide needed IF-FRE, IF-FRE numerical value that it provided and quantity are determined according to specific design.
Optical modulator in the IF interface 400, optical demodulator all can use matured product; Splitter, mixer, frequency synthesizer, frequency converter, encoder and decoder etc. all can use well-known technology to realize, are not described in detail their structure and operation principle.
Fig. 6 illustrates the far end radio frequency headend equipment, as the far end radio frequency headend equipment among Fig. 3 301,302 ..., the structure of the IF interface 500 among the 30k, 311,325, have the structure identical with IF interface shown in Figure 5 400.In the direction that is connected with indoor unit 300 IF interfaces, the interface 511 that connects launching fiber is arranged, connect the interface 510 of emission medium-frequency cable, connect the interface 513 that receives optical fiber and connect the interface 512 that receives immediate frequency cable.Be that IF interface can provide optical fiber to connect, also can provide immediate frequency cable to connect.
IF interface 500 is made up of frequency synthesizer 530, sendaisle and receive path, wherein sendaisle comprise n frequency converter 541,542,543 ..., 54n, mixer 520 and encoder 532; Receive path comprise n frequency converter 551,552,553 ..., 55n, splitter 521 and decoder 533.
In the sending direction side of IF interface 500, directly enter splitter 520 from the emission Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal of interface 510.From the Wideband Intermediate Frequency emission light signal of interface 511, in optical demodulator 515, be for conversion into emission Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal and enter splitter 520 again.Splitter is divided into the output of n+2 road with this signal, and wherein one the tunnel is reference clock 560; Another road is transformed to non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus 565 signals and many real-time control line 562 signals through decoder 532 demodulation, demultiplexing, send the analog radio frequency transmitting element of far end radio frequency headend equipment; N professional intermediate-freuqncy signal will n frequency converter 541,542,543 ..., the emission medium-frequency signal 571 that is transformed into identical or different carrier frequencies among the 54n is to 57n, send the analog radio frequency transmitting element of far end radio frequency headend equipment.
In the receive direction side of IF interface 500, n professional intermediate-freuqncy signal 581 to 58n, non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus 585 signals, real-time control line signal 582 and needed reference clock 580 from outdoor section analog radio frequency receiving element are arranged.The carrier frequency of n professional intermediate-freuqncy signal and frequency spectrum broadband may be identical, also may be different, they respectively n frequency converter 551,552,553 ..., be converted into needed carrier frequency among the 55n.A plurality of low speed digital signals on control line signal 582 and the non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus 585 synthesize a high-speed digital signal by the time-multiplexed method of employing in encoder 533 in real time, use simple modulation system again, for example FSK or BPSK are modulated to certain carrier frequency.All signal and reference clocks through frequency translation enter mixer 521 together, i.e. n+2 road input has just formed the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal with frequency spectrum shown in Figure 4.This Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal can be connected directly to interface 512, is transmitted by immediate frequency cable; Also can deliver to optical modulator 516 and be transformed to light signal, for the reception Optical Fiber Transmission on the interface 513.
Optical modulator in the interface circuit 500, optical demodulator can adopt matured product; Splitter, mixer, frequency synthesizer, frequency converter, encoder and decoder etc. all can use well-known technology to realize, so be not described in detail their structure and operation principle.
Fig. 7 illustrates the structure of the microwave relay unit 600 of the present invention's use, i.e. 322 among Fig. 3,323.Microwave relay unit 600 mainly comprises antenna 601, duplexer 602, microwave receiver 603, microwave transmitter 605, microwave local oscillation 604 and monitoring and interface 606.
The Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal of microwave receiver 603 outputs is delivered to the mixer 614 in monitoring and the interface 606, close the road with control and monitor signal after encoded device 615 processing of this microwave relay unit, provide the immediate frequency cable transmission by interface 610, perhaps this closes the road signal after optical modulator 616 modulation, provides Optical Fiber Transmission by interface 611.Light signal from the input interface 613 of Optical Fiber Transmission send splitter 618 after optical demodulator 619 is converted to the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal, directly send splitter 618 from the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal of interface 612 inputs, splitter 618 is divided into 3 the tunnel with the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal of input: reference clock directly send microwave local oscillation 604; Control signal 622 obtains through decoder 617; And complete professional intermediate-freuqncy signal 621 directly is fed to microwave transmitter 605, and microwave relay unit sends whole professional intermediate-freuqncy signals, reference clock, real-time and non real-time control signal.
Employings and Fig. 5, identical parts shown in Figure 6 such as above-mentioned optical modulator, optical demodulator, splitter, mixer, encoder, decoder all are to use mature technology to realize.
This microwave relay unit must operate at the high band or the millimeter wave frequency band of centimeter wave, so that enough intermediate-frequency bandwidth to be provided.
The implementation method connected in series of each far end radio frequency headend equipment when the present invention shown in Fig. 8 adopts the analog intermediate frequency transmission technology, as 301 among Fig. 3,302 ..., the syndeton shown in the 30k.
The IF interface 400 of indoor unit, professional intermediate frequency of its sending and receiving and pilot signal should comprise the needed all the elements of analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit.Frequently the emission medium-frequency cable interface 410/1 of interface 400 hereinto, be connected to the intermediate frequency input port 801 (also can be connected to the analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit 30k of far-end by optical fiber) of far end radio frequency headend equipment 30k at the emission medium-frequency optical fiber interface 411 of IF interface 400 by immediate frequency cable, Wideband Intermediate Frequency is delivered to splitter 811 and is divided into 4 the tunnel, wherein 3 the road deliver to this far end radio frequency headend equipment 30k, comprising: reference clock 840, professional intermediate frequency send frequency converter 821 and control in real time and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal to send decoder 822.Professional intermediate frequency is changed into the needed intermediate frequency 846 of this far end radio frequency headend equipment 30k by frequency converter 821, and control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal recover the needed form 844,845 of Transmit Receive Unit for this reason by decoder 822 in real time.Deliver to emission interface 804 after then intactly amplifying the 4 tunnel (comprising that other k-1 organizes professional intermediate frequency and reference clock, control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal in real time), to transfer to next far end radio frequency headend equipment with immediate frequency cable (perhaps optical fiber), as 302.
From the last far end radio frequency headend equipment of 30k, the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signals that come as 302 transmission enter mixer 812 from interface 803, it will with this far end radio frequency headend equipment 30k, prepare to close the road to two class intermediate-freuqncy signals of indoor unit transmission.Above-mentioned preparation comprises to two class intermediate-freuqncy signals of indoor unit transmission needs the Monitoring and Controlling signal 843 that changes to the professional intermediate-freuqncy signal 842 of required carrier frequency and need to handle through encoder 823 through frequency converter 824.The output of mixer 812 is sent emission interface 802 after amplifying, transfer to the receiving interface 412/3 (perhaps transferring to the receiving interface 413 of the connection optical fiber of indoor unit interface 400 with optical fiber) of the connection immediate frequency cable of indoor unit interface 400 with immediate frequency cable.Module 800 is the analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit of far end radio frequency headend equipment among the figure.
To this each far end radio frequency headend equipment 301,302 connected in series ..., 30k, its interface and method for processing signals are identical.But to each concrete far end radio frequency headend equipment, its professional intermediate frequency and control signal take different carrier frequencies, and the professional intermediate frequency of each far end radio frequency headend equipment and the shared different carrier frequencies of control signal are arranged as Wideband Intermediate Frequency frequency spectrum as shown in Figure 4.
The present invention is with the physical connection of analog radio frequency transceiver part in the wireless base station device and baseband digital signal processing section, from analog intermediate frequency separately, zoom out near the far end radio frequency headend equipment the antenna analog radio frequency transceiver part that will contain intermediate frequency input, output processing, the baseband digital signal processing section that to contain intermediate frequency input, output processing is retained in the indoor unit, use the analog intermediate frequency transmission technology between indoor unit and far end radio frequency headend equipment, available various wired or wireless transmission means are connected.The medium that connects can be immediate frequency cable, optical fiber and microwave relay unit etc.Each far end radio frequency headend equipment can adopt star fashion, also can adopt serial mode to be connected with indoor unit.The base station that capacity is enough big, i.e. the enough big public indoor unit of digital baseband disposal ability, can linking number only, even tens of far end radio frequency headend equipments.
The present invention is by being provided with the analog intermediate frequency coffret in the indoor unit of base station equipment, the base station equipment indoor unit must be transferred to the reference clock of far-end analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit, professional intermediate-freuqncy signal to a plurality of Transmit Receive Unit makes it to arrange by different frequency by the carrier wave frequency-conversion processing, and the low speed digital signal on real-time control line and the non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus (but as many as ten several) adopted the earlier synthetic high-speed digital signal of time-multiplexed method, use simple modulation system again, for example FSK or BPSK are modulated to certain carrier frequency.The signal of above-mentioned various different frequencies is closed the road, just can form a Wideband Intermediate Frequency, be transferred to each Transmit Receive Unit easily by the intermediate frequency transmission medium.
The present invention is by being provided with the analog intermediate frequency coffret in each far end radio frequency headend equipment of base station equipment, Wideband Intermediate Frequency from indoor unit is carried out shunt, tell the required reference clock of each Transmit Receive Unit, to the professional intermediate-freuqncy signal of Transmit Receive Unit and control line and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus signals in real time.
What the present invention proposed realizes method for designing and the IF interface that the base station equipment radio frequency zooms out with the intermediate frequency transmission technology, to having far end radio frequency headend equipment or a plurality of far end radio frequency headend equipment of many cover antennas and many cover Transmit Receive Unit, all can use a pair of transmission medium to be connected, and can realize star and connected in series with the public baseband digital signal processing section of base station equipment.The technology of the present invention realizes convenient, the insoluble problem of radio frequency remote technology that can solve present use again with low cost.
Claims (9)
1. a base station equipment realizes the intermediate frequency transmission method that radio frequency zooms out, and it is characterized in that:
Base station equipment is divided into more than one far end radio frequency headend equipment and a public indoor unit, the far end radio frequency headend equipment comprises analog radio frequency Transmit-Receive Unit and IF interface, indoor unit comprises IF interface and baseband digital signal processing unit, is connected by the intermediate frequency transmission medium between the IF interface of the IF interface of indoor unit and far end radio frequency headend equipment;
IF interface closes Lu Chengyi Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal with a plurality of professional intermediate-freuqncy signals, a plurality of real-time control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal and reference clock and sends to and transmit on the described intermediate frequency transmission medium and will be shunted to a plurality of professional intermediate-freuqncy signals, a plurality of real-time control and a plurality of non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal and reference clock from a Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal on the intermediate frequency transmission medium;
The described road of closing comprises:
A1) IF interface carries out the carrier frequency conversion to each professional intermediate-freuqncy signal, is for conversion into the CF signal of different IF frequency;
B1) real-time control and the non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal time division multiplexing with a plurality of low-speed digital is a high-speed digital signal, this high-speed digital signal is modulated on the different resting frequence of one or more and above-mentioned professional intermediate frequency again;
C1) CF signal of step a1 and b1 acquisition is closed the road with reference clock by the frequency ordering and become a described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal;
Described shunt comprises:
A2) the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal described in the step c1 is carried out shunt, go out the CF signal of reference clock, a plurality of professional intermediate frequencies and the CF signal of one or more real-time control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal along separate routes;
B2) CF signal of each professional intermediate frequency is carried out the carrier frequency conversion on demand;
C2) to the CF signal of one or more real-time controls and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal carry out demodulation, demultiplexing is a plurality of real-time controls and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described intermediate frequency transmission medium is immediate frequency cable, be to close described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal behind the road directly to send to and transmit on the immediate frequency cable and to directly carrying out described shunt from the described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal on the immediate frequency cable.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described intermediate frequency transmission medium is optical fiber, be that the described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal that will close behind the road is modulated into light signal earlier, re-send on the optical fiber and transmit, with to be demodulated to described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal earlier from the light signal on the optical fiber, carry out described shunt again.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when described intermediate frequency transmission medium is microwave relay unit, be that the described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal that will close behind the road send microwave relay unit, carry out wireless transmission by microwave relay unit, with carry out wireless receiving by microwave relay unit, and the described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal that receives is carried out described shunt.
5. method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described microwave relay unit is operated in centimeter wave or millimeter wave frequency band, to support the intermediate-frequency bandwidth of described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt the Y-connection mode to be connected by described intermediate frequency transmission medium between the IF interface of the IF interface of a described above far end radio frequency headend equipment and a public indoor unit.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: adopt mode connected in series to be connected by described intermediate frequency transmission medium between the IF interface of the IF interface of a described above far end radio frequency headend equipment and a public indoor unit;
Described mode connected in series comprises:
From first far end radio frequency headend equipment that is connected with indoor unit, the IF interface of each far end radio frequency headend equipment in connected in series, only from the intermediate-freuqncy signal of broadband, go out the reference clock of this far end radio frequency headend equipment, professional intermediate frequency and control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal in real time along separate routes, and send all the other signals in the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal IF interface of the next far end radio frequency headend equipment that is connected in series with it to, until last far end radio frequency headend equipment;
From last far end radio frequency headend equipment, the IF interface of each far end radio frequency headend equipment in connected in series, only with the reference clock of this far end radio frequency headend equipment, professional intermediate frequency and control and non real-time Monitoring and Controlling signal in real time, close the road in the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal and be transferred to the IF interface of a last far end radio frequency headend equipment that is connected in series with it, until first far end radio frequency headend equipment that is connected with indoor unit.
8. a base station equipment realizes the IF interface that radio frequency zooms out, and it is characterized in that comprising:
Frequency synthesizer, receive path part and sendaisle part;
Described sendaisle partly comprises n frequency converter, encoder and mixer, n=1, and 2 ... n corresponding n the professional intermediate frequency of frequency converter carries out carrier frequency shift, and the n after the conversion professional intermediate frequency send described mixer; Encoder becomes a high-speed digital signal with a plurality of low speed digital signal time division multiplexinges on many real-time control lines and many non real-time Monitoring and Controlling buses and is modulated at least one carrier frequency, and this at least one carrier frequency is sent described mixer; At least one carrier frequency after the n of described mixer after with a carrier frequency shift professional intermediate frequency, the control signal modulation and reference clock close Lu Chengyi Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal by the frequency ordering, send on the intermediate frequency transmission medium and transmit;
Described receive path partly comprises n frequency converter, decoder and splitter, n=1,2, ... splitter will be shunted to the output of n+2 road from the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal on the intermediate frequency transmission medium, wherein 1 tunnel output is transformed to many real-time control lines and many non real-time Monitoring and Controlling bus signals through decoder demodulation, demultiplexing, 1 the tunnel be output as reference clock in addition, the output of n road is transformed into n professional IF-FRE through n frequency converter;
Described frequency synthesizer provides required intermediate-freuqncy signal for n frequency converter, encoder of n frequency converter, decoder and the sendaisle part of receive path part.
9. interface according to claim 8 is characterized in that: also comprise an optical modulator and optical demodulator; Optical modulator will close the Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal of exporting on the road by mixer and be modulated into light signal, re-send on the optical fiber and transmit; Optical demodulator will be demodulated to described Wideband Intermediate Frequency signal from the light signal on the optical fiber, send described splitter again to.
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