CN100394449C - Real-time three-dimensional geology modeling method based on GIS and virtual reality - Google Patents
Real-time three-dimensional geology modeling method based on GIS and virtual reality Download PDFInfo
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- CN100394449C CN100394449C CNB2004100411236A CN200410041123A CN100394449C CN 100394449 C CN100394449 C CN 100394449C CN B2004100411236 A CNB2004100411236 A CN B2004100411236A CN 200410041123 A CN200410041123 A CN 200410041123A CN 100394449 C CN100394449 C CN 100394449C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a real-time three-dimensional geology modeling method based on a GIS technology and virtual reality, and has the steps that VRML is used for pasting pictures on the surfaces of a hexahedron, wherein pictures at four sides of the hexahedron are used for representing the lithologic character variation with the depth, and the main body of a model is built; a top picture uses a two-dimensional map of a region in which the hexahedron is positioned, and the map is formed from an electronic map of two-dimensional GIS; the processing to the picture on the bottom surface of the hexahedron is omitted. The present invention is a new method which uses the VRML as a modeling tool to realize three-dimensional geology modeling in a GIS environment. The method effectively utilizes drilling data without complicated data processing operation, and expresses an area range to realize the real-time three-dimensional geology modeling by plotting a model on the electronic map. The present invention has great application prospect in the field of engineering investigation and survey.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for three-dimensional geological modeling, especially a kind of short-cut method based on the modeling of GIS (Geographic Information System) data combined with virtual reality modeling language exploitation real-time three-dimensional geology, be used to realize quick, the real-time three-dimensional geological modeling of geologic body, use this method that certain survey region has been carried out three-dimensional geological modeling.
Background technology
Form because geologic body is long-term, the complicated geologic function of experience, reproduce geologic body really fully is a difficult problem.Expression to geologic body at present mainly is described as main with two dimensions such as topomap, geologic map, sectional view and histograms, but along with various Important Project construction are on the increase, demand for the geologic body three-dimensional modeling increases gradually, and along with development of computer makes that also three-dimensional geological modeling becomes possibility.The present invention relates to three-dimensional geological modeling is the important means of understanding stratigraphic distribution and architectural feature, is the hot issue of Recent study.But present modeling method comprises some business softwares, and ubiquity professional knowledge requires height, modeling cycle length, data to handle a series of shortcomings such as complexity in earlier stage.Present technique has proposed a kind of short-cut method based on the modeling of GIS data combined with virtual reality modeling language exploitation real-time three-dimensional geology, can realize quick, the real-time three-dimensional geological modeling of geologic body, and use this method that certain survey region has been carried out three-dimensional geological modeling.
In recent years, the correlative study of geologic body three-dimensional modeling became focus, saw [1] Simon W.Houlding, 3DGeoscience Modeling[M], Hong Kong, Springer, 1994.1-3; [2] Simon W.Houlding, PracticalGeostatistic[M], Germany:Springer, 2000.27-114., some ripe business softwares are also constantly released both at home and abroad, as MicroLynx of the TerraCube of U.S. CogniSeis Development company, Canadian Kirkham Geosystems company etc., [3] Fang Haidong, Liu Yihuai, Shi Bin etc., three-dimensional geological modeling and engineering thereof are used, hydrogeological engineering geology, 2002 the 3rd phases.Yet these softwares exist data complex pretreatment, modeling cycle than shortcomings such as length, and modeling process all needs the personnel that possess higher geology knowledge and software operation level to intervene.In engineering investigation to the ageing requirement of modeling than higher, often need be after boring with sampling be finished the very fast three-dimensional model that provides geologic body.This requirement obviously can't be satisfied for long method of data processing complex, modeling cycle.
Virtual reality is to utilize the developing high-tech means of computing machine to construct the virtual boundary of an emulation, makes the visitor obtain a new technology of the sensation the same with reality.Virtual reality be one in the problem that receives much attention in the world now.Virtual Reality Modeling Language (Virtual Reality Modeling Language is called for short VRML) is one of instrument of realizing virtual reality.VRML is a language of describing three-dimensional body with the document script, is international standard than standard formally in January, 1998.It has defined the most common concepts in the current 3D application, such as the conversion level, and viewpoint, how much, animation, material properties and texture etc.
VRML is an interpreted language, and that is to say needs an interpreter in implementation model displaying, rotation, convergent-divergent process.Because VRML is based on the language of international standard, so interpreter need not to develop voluntarily, greatly reduce three-dimensional modeling cost, improve development efficiency.Modeling, texturing and animation control function that this paper uses among the VRML geometrical body realize three-dimensional geological modeling, because VRML is based on the modeling language of international standard, also help the standardization of modeling.
Along with the application of GIS in the prospecting industry deepens continuously, lot of data all or manages and safeguards with GIS.Especially borehole data, it is one of the data the most intuitively that discloses geologic body information.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of GIS technology and virtual reality (Virtual Reality is called for short VR) technology synergy work and carry out the method for real-time three-dimensional geology modeling based on reality.Especially a kind of three-dimensional geological modeling method of simplification is used to realize quick, the real-time three-dimensional geological modeling of geologic body.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method of carrying out the modeling of real-time three-dimensional geology based on GIS technology and virtual reality technology collaborative work, utilize VRML on a hexahedral surface, to carry out pinup picture, hexahedral size depends on the size and the boring depth capacity in one's power of the rectangle frame that the user draws in two-dimentional electronic chart, wherein the pinup picture of four sides is used for expressing the situation of change of lithology with the degree of depth, make up the main body of model, positional information in the pinup picture from spatial database based on GIS, and create the sectional view of rock stratum by computer dynamic by the hierarchical information of borehole data; The end face pinup picture adopts the two-dimensional map of this hexahedron region, and this map is from the electronic chart of two-dimension GIS; And omit graphics process to hexahedral bottom surface.
Because the reaction of hexahedral bottom surface only is a tangent plane, for the sake of simplicity, can not carry out pinup picture.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
The three-dimensional geological modeling method is very many at present, has also had the business software of many maturations can realize three-dimensional geological modeling both at home and abroad, compares the inventive method with these methods and has following characteristics and advantage:
(1) realizes the modeling of real-time three-dimensional geology, effectively utilized raw data, reduced manual intervention.Traditional three-dimensional geological modeling method generally need be carried out a plurality of steps such as data processing, section generation and VOLUME VISUALIZATION processing targetedly.Especially the process of data processing is consuming time generally longer, and needs the manual intervention of a plurality of steps.Therefore its modeling cycle is longer.Methods described herein are based on to be finished under the GIS management system, and in system, borehole data is the part of management system, therefore can not increase data processing cost.In the use, only need the end face quadrilateral of drawing three-dimensional model to create three-dimensional model in real time, improved modeling efficiency.
(2) set up substantial related with GIS.The most outstanding characteristics of the method that this paper narrated are to have set up substantial relevantly with GIS, that is to say relevantly with the locus foundation in the zone that will understand, and this has improved the practicality of three-dimensional geological modeling greatly.Can be easy to the regional location of learning that oneself will be understood by two-dimentional electronic chart, then drawing area scope and generate geologic map.
(3) can be used as the check means of data information.After modeling is finished, if phenomenon such as stratigraphic distribution is unreasonable can in time be pinpointed the problems, judge it is that geological problem is also in time pinpointed the problems by analysis, judge it is geological problem or because the data mistake causes, whether decision needs to mend is surveyed by analysis.Again modeling after more than the result of Chu Liing only need make amendment to the borehole data storehouse repeats above work up to finding the problem place.
The present invention is based under the GIS environment, utilizes VRML to realize the new method of three-dimensional geological modeling as modeling tool.This method has effectively been utilized borehole data, need not through complicated data processing work, expresses regional extent by rendering model on electronic chart and realizes real-time three-dimensional geological modeling.The present invention is very big in engineering investigation Application for Field prospect, and will deepen continuously along with the informationization and the digitizing of prospecting information management, directly utilize the drill hole information Real-time modeling set in the database, make three-dimensional modeling not only be used for expressing the prospecting achievement, more can analyze and check, prospecting work is play a part to instruct and aid decision making the prospecting data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a VRML three-dimensional geological modeling synoptic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 searches for the synoptic diagram of the required boring of profiling for the present invention
Fig. 3 is a profiling synoptic diagram of the present invention
Certain bridge bridge pier three-dimensional geological model that Fig. 4 creates for the inventive method
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the basic ideas of carrying out three-dimensional geological modeling are exactly to carry out pinup picture on the hexahedral surface, especially four sides and end face.
The side pinup picture
In order to create the efficient of sectional view, the tetragonal four edges of end face is carried out the five equilibrium (see figure 2), concrete five equilibrium number depends on the distribution density of borehole data, to guarantee near each an Along ent boring being arranged, be that space querying is carried out at the center then with the Along ent in all borehole datas, find the boring nearest apart from Along ent.The data that to hole " translation " are to Along ent then.Permit to such an extent that also can obtain the value at Along ent place under the situation in drilling hole amount and distribution by " interpolation ".If can obtain the value of Along ent under the situation relevant for the tendency of rock stratum and obliquity information in the boring individual-layer data by the mode of " projection ".
So-called " translation ", exactly with the planimetric position of this Along ent position as the boring that searches, and the delamination-terrane and the lithological information of boring are constant.There is certain error in this disposal route, or is that interpolation is carried out in boring around utilizing with another kind of disposal route, but often brings error because of reasons such as drilling hole amount, boring distributions in actual mechanical process." interpolation " is exactly that the data of hole on every side delamination-terrane and lithology are carried out repeatedly the level and smooth or additive method of batten, obtains the unknown point data that meet certain curve or linear relation." projection " is to make data that projection obtain unknown point by known boring point to unknown point by the tendency of rock stratum and inclination angle.
The way of other Along ent so just can be drawn the sectional view of four profile lines.
Fig. 3 provides the synoptic diagram of profiling.The method comparative maturity of the drafting of sectional view as long as obtain the rock stratum buried depth data and the lithology of boring from the database of the boring that searches, and carries out line and fills getting final product according to the corresponding rock stratum distribution situation of adjacent boring.This process utilizes programming language to create the VRML script file, creates corresponding polygon facet and finish in VRML.
The end face pinup picture
The end face pinup picture is the map segment of the quadrilateral area that the user draws in the electronic chart.The method that realizes the end face pinup picture has multiple, and wherein more convenient and ripe method has two kinds, a kind ofly finishes by calling Windows API; Another kind is that the function that saves image of calling GIS is finished.Two kinds of methods comparatively speaking, the method for API is not limited by the function of GIS software itself, any rectangular area in the screen can realize that all its mechanism is similar to screen copy.The concrete steps of second method should be according to the GIS software function decision of adopting.No matter adopt which kind of method, the map with this quadrilateral area saves as fixed disk file at last, in order to the needs of pinup picture among the VRML.Can consult relevant Windows programming teaching material about the concrete generation method of end face pinup picture, not give unnecessary details here.
Hexahedron is made and pinup picture
Because VRML is script, three-dimensional model is that the co-operation according to the description of script and interpreter realizes.From writing of script is very simple, only need hexahedral some key elements (comprising hexahedral length and width and height and hexahedron central point etc.) be carried out assignment according to the form of standard and get final product.The value of these key elements need utilize the GIS technology to obtain from spatial data.Four sides and surperficial pinup picture are provided by said method.When writing vrml file, should be noted that following problem:
(1) volume coordinate and the length value that obtain of GIS is often very big, as (123124.33,321471.33,223312.12), to cause model excessive if these data are write direct in the vrml file, the drafting of model and mobile efficient all will reduce greatly, therefore should dwindle by corresponding proportion.Narrow down to 1%-1/10000.
(2) hexahedral height should be got the depth capacity of all selected borings or greater than some values of boring depth capacity, can fully react the information of all borings so that guarantee three-dimensional model.
(3) for guaranteeing that the hexahedron of creating is positioned at the center of view, it is that hexahedral centroid position is to X-axis translation certain distance that viewpoint position should be set in vrml file.
After creating hexahedron, the pinup picture of surface and end face realized in the definition material statement that utilizes VRML to provide, Fig. 4 has provided the three-dimensional geological model at certain the bridge bridge pier place that utilizes the said method establishment, 113 of borings is arranged, about 1.2 square kilometres of bridge site district area in the whole regional extent.Total boring is 13 in the model scope shown in Figure 4, about 1000 square metres of region area.Concrete operations are: draw a rectangle frame in the electronic chart in bridge site district, the program module of carrying out then according to the top algorithm development of narrating shows three-dimensional geological figure shown in Figure 4 immediately in the window that ejects.
Claims (4)
1. method based on the real-time three-dimensional geology modeling of GIS technology and virtual reality, it is characterized in that utilizing VRML is to carry out pinup picture on the tetragonal hexahedral surface to make up the main body of model at an end face, the positional information of pinup picture derives from the spatial database based on GIS, and is created the sectional view of rock stratum by computer dynamic by the hierarchical information of borehole data; Wherein hexahedral size depends on the size and the boring depth capacity in one's power of the rectangle frame that the user draws in two-dimentional electronic chart, wherein the pinup picture of four sides is used for expressing the situation of change of lithology with the degree of depth, the end face pinup picture adopts the two-dimensional map of this hexahedron region, and this map is from the electronic chart of two-dimension GIS; The tetragonal four edges of end face is carried out five equilibrium, is that space querying is carried out at the center in all borehole datas with any Along ent then, finds the boring nearest apart from Along ent, and the data that will hole " translation " are to Along ent then; Wherein " translation " is with the planimetric position of this Along ent position as the boring that searches, and the delamination-terrane and the lithological information of boring are constant; Wherein under the situation of the borehole data and the permission that distributes, also can obtain the value at Along ent place by " interpolation ", described " interpolation " is exactly that the data of hole on every side delamination-terrane and lithology are carried out repeatedly the level and smooth or additive method of batten, obtains the unknown point data that meet certain curve or linear relation; Wherein in the boring individual-layer data under the situation about the tendency of rock stratum and obliquity information, also can obtain the value at Along ent place by the mode of " projection ", described " projection " is to make data that projection obtain unknown point by known boring point to unknown point by the tendency of rock stratum and inclination angle; Omit graphics process to hexahedral bottom surface.
2. by the method for the described real-time three-dimensional geology modeling based on GIS technology and virtual reality of claim 1, it is characterized in that volume coordinate and length value that GIS obtains are scaled.
3. by the method for claim 1 or 2 described real-time three-dimensional geology modelings based on GIS technology and virtual reality, it is characterized in that hexahedral height should get the depth capacity of all selected borings or greater than some values of boring depth capacity, fully react the information of all borings so that guarantee three-dimensional model.
4. by the method for claim 1 or 2 described real-time three-dimensional geology modelings based on GIS technology and virtual reality, it is characterized in that being provided with in vrml file viewpoint position is hexahedral centroid position, to X-axis translation certain distance.
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| CN103729800A (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2014-04-16 | 杭州贵仁科技有限公司 | Water conservancy planning system |
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| CN108152216A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-12 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A kind of drilling three-dimensional mineral map plotting method based on core EO-1 hyperion scan image |
| CN110096565B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2021-06-29 | 江苏省测绘工程院 | Multi-source data standardization processing method for integrated engineering geological achievement |
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| US6373489B1 (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2002-04-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Scalable visualization for interactive geometry modeling |
| EP0862768B1 (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 2003-02-26 | Landmark Graphics Corporation | Trendform gridding method using distance transformations |
| FR2833384A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-13 | Tsurf | METHOD, DEVICE AND PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF A GEOLOGICAL VOLUME |
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| EP0862768B1 (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 2003-02-26 | Landmark Graphics Corporation | Trendform gridding method using distance transformations |
| US6373489B1 (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2002-04-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Scalable visualization for interactive geometry modeling |
| FR2833384A1 (en) * | 2001-12-10 | 2003-06-13 | Tsurf | METHOD, DEVICE AND PROGRAM PRODUCT FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF A GEOLOGICAL VOLUME |
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