CN100390587C - Polarization keeping optical fibre axis fixing method based on space diffracting light and device thereof - Google Patents
Polarization keeping optical fibre axis fixing method based on space diffracting light and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100390587C CN100390587C CNB2006101228190A CN200610122819A CN100390587C CN 100390587 C CN100390587 C CN 100390587C CN B2006101228190 A CNB2006101228190 A CN B2006101228190A CN 200610122819 A CN200610122819 A CN 200610122819A CN 100390587 C CN100390587 C CN 100390587C
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Abstract
The invention relates to polarization maintaining optical fiber axle fixing method based on space diffracted light. It collects back diffraction image of the space diffracted light to solve the problem of polarization maintaining optical fiber axle fixing, fixes the axle based on diffraction image characteristic quantity of which length, central position, and appearance are changed along with the rotating of the polarization maintaining optical fiber, or center image characteristic quantity of which change is more sensitive then the former. All of the parameters can be used as azimuth judging characteristic quantity. In addition the appearances of the diffraction image and center image have no symmetry at most positions which can be used to judge the azimuth of the polarization maintaining optical fiber polarizing axle more sensitively. The invention also relates to the adopted device, can more quickly search polarization maintaining optical fiber azimuth to increase axle fixing speed and precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing method and device thereof based on space diffracting light.
Background technology
Polarization maintaining optical fibre makes it obtain more and more widely deep research and application in optical fiber communication and sensor-based system owing to have stronger polarization hold facility of line polarisation and the compatibility fabulous to general single-mode fiber.In fields such as interferometric optical fiber sensor making, coherent fiber communication and fibre optic gyroscopes important use is arranged.Protect bias can realization, be radially to introduce how much asymmetric or stress and cause birefringence at fibre core, the effect of this high birefringence rate is the birefringence that the general environment factor causes that can contend with, thereby can realize the maintenance of polarization state.Usually the method that realizes this design is on polarization maintaining optical fibre and xsect different stress distribution zones to be set, for example panda optic fibre or elliptical clad fiber.On the xsect of this class polarization maintaining optical fibre, the direction of stress value maximum and minimum direction are commonly referred to the direction of two polarization axles, and the direction of stress value maximum often is called slow-axis direction, and the direction of stress value minimum often is called quick shaft direction, these two also are referred to as polarization axle, or are referred to as birefringence axis.The dimensional orientation of these two polarization axles is relevant in the position of polarization maintaining optical fibre xsect with the stressed zone.Usually it is vertical mutually to design and be made into these two polarization axles.
In the application of polarization maintaining optical fibre, particularly making the polarization maintaining optical fibre device, as polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, polarization-maintaining fiber polarizer, polarization maintaining optical fibre connector, polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization beam apparatus etc., and when two polarization maintaining optical fibres of welding, want to have made full use of the polarization characteristic of the specific polarized light that transmits in its maintenance fibre core, the technology of a key is exactly to want accurately to determine these two polarization axles of polarization maintaining optical fibre.
Existing determine that the axis fixation method of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle mainly contains side elevation image dead axle method, it is with degree of precision, simple and feasible characteristics, thereby is applicable to that various types of optical fiber has using value most.Select for use the different characteristic image of side elevation image just to constitute different axis fixation methods with characteristic quantity.Yet, have the many occasions that can not use side-looking lens effect method to carry out polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing.
Address the backscattering axis fixation method of polarization maintaining optical fibre, have U.S. Pat 005317575 to disclose and vertically shine on the polarization maintaining optical fibre, utilize the diffraction image that produces to realize the method for dead axle with coherent source.Proposition utilize laser and optical fiber interact formed forward direction diffraction image and dorsad diffraction image come the birefringence mode polarization maintaining optical fibre is carried out dead axle, the dead axle that this method can be used in non-matching type polarization maintaining optical fibre is proposed simultaneously.The axis fixation method of this patent the inside mainly is to utilize the inside contraction of diffraction bright fringe and external expansion to realize the azimuthal judgement of polarization maintaining optical fibre.
Also have in U.S. Pat 005323225, mention the laser beam vertical fiber ground that sends with the He-Ne laser instrument and shine on the ellipse polarization maintaining optical fibre, utilize the interaction of laser beam and optical fiber and the diffraction image dorsad of formation carries out dead axle.In this patent, mainly be that the diffraction image pattern of ellipse polarization maintaining optical fibre on positive and negative 10 ° of position angles is described, also its diffraction image pattern on 80 °～100 ° position angles is described.And mention, by the length of the formed interference bright fringe in fibre core reflection back, obviously the length than the interference bright fringe that is formed by fibre cladding reflection back is long; In addition, the length of interfering bright fringe when the center that measures illustrates that for hour the slow axis and the laser beam place axle of elliptical fiber are orthogonal at this moment; By measure interfering the rate of change of bright fringe, be to determine which root axle in the elliptical fiber is perpendicular to laser beam place axle:, interfere the rate of change of bright fringe obviously to increase when the slow axis of elliptical fiber and laser beam place are coupling closely mutually perpendicular the time.When the slow axis of elliptical fiber is vertical with light beam, the length summation of two center bright fringes, the length summation of center bright fringe is big when more vertical with light beam than fast axle.So, compare by the size of center bright fringe length summation, just can determine it is that fast axle is vertical with light beam, or slow axis is vertical with light beam.These can be as the dead axle parameter of ellipse polarization maintaining optical fibre.
The method of above patent is only limited to dead axle on special angle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing method based on space diffracting light, the diffraction image dorsad of gathering space diffracting light solves the dead axle problem of polarization maintaining optical fibre, and carries out dead axle based on the image feature amount of diffraction image or the characteristic quantity of center image.Characteristic quantities such as the length of diffraction image, center and pattern all change along with the rotation of polarization maintaining optical fibre, and the variation of the characteristic quantity of center image is sensitiveer than the variation of the characteristic quantity of other positions in the diffraction image, and these parameters can be as the characteristic quantity of position angle judgement.And the pattern of diffraction image and center image does not have symmetry on most positions.Utilize this asymmetry, the position angle of can be more sensitive judgement polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle, thus realize dead axle.
The axis fixation method of the length based on interference fringe in the diffraction image of the present invention, center and these three characteristic quantities of pattern, be applicable to panda protecting polarized light fiber and the dead axle of other polarization maintaining optical fibres.
The inventor finds that by pilot study in the process of 360 ° of optical fiber rotations, diffraction image shrinks and the phenomenon of expansion respectively takes place twice, if at first be that diffraction image shrinks, so next be the diffraction image expansion, and then shrink, expansion again, circulation reappears successively; And, the transformation of each shrinkage phenomenon and the expansion 90 ° of angles that all are separated by.Like this, can be by shrinking and 90 ° of spaced relationships of expansion, to shrink and the expansion transfer point determine to realize dead axle, can search the position angle at polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle place more fast, thereby improve dead axle speed and dead axle precision.In addition, Fig. 4 is near the diffraction image distribution plan of the panda type polarization-preserving fiber polarization axle position angle is 0 ° and 0 ° the time, and in these diffraction images, diffraction image just presents the distribution of rule in the time of 0 °; And when the position angle increased or reduce, the flexible speed of both sides diffraction image was inequality, so that the distribution of diffraction image obviously is tending towards is asymmetric.Fig. 5 is near the diffraction image distribution plan of panda type when protecting partially the position angle is 90 ° and 90 °, and in these diffraction images, only in the time of 90 °, these images just present symmetry about center image; And when the position angle increased or reduce, the flexible speed of both sides diffraction image was inequality, so that the distribution of diffraction image obviously is tending towards is asymmetric.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing device of realizing described method, be used for the side polishing and burnishing machine of polarization maintaining optical fibre, to realize that rubbing down is carried out at certain specific position angle of polarization axle based on back-scattering light; Simultaneously, this axis fixation method can be applicable in the fields such as making of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and polarization-maintaining fiber polarizer, polarization maintaining optical fibre welding, optical fibre gyro.
A kind of polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing method based on space diffracting light of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) by regulating device, laser beam and optical fiber that the LD laser instrument is sent are in the same plane;
(2) with the laser beam vertical irradiation to the polarization maintaining optical fibre of removing protective seam, diffraction image appears in the plane perpendicular to optical fiber in the space;
(3) on one position, space, place an imaging screen, make the laser beam irradiation polarization maintaining optical fibre in diffraction image imaging thereon that the space became;
(4) distance between adjustment polarization maintaining optical fibre and the imaging screen makes the formed diffraction image of space diffracting light be presented on the imaging screen clearly; Simultaneously, the ccd video camera of accommodation zone camera lens, make in the diffraction image light intensity obviously stronger that part of diffraction image can be taken clearly, and be sent to computer;
(5) rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre, obtain the diffraction image of corresponding polarization maintaining optical fibre different orientations; Described diffraction image is carried out the characteristic quantity of Flame Image Process with the acquisition diffraction image, and these characteristic quantities and the azimuthal corresponding relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle;
The characteristic quantity of the described diffraction image that obtains by Flame Image Process comprises three eigenwerts: length, center and pattern, the diffraction image of described center are meant near the images that are in the picture centre in 300 pixel coverages.
(6) characteristic quantity and the azimuthal corresponding relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle that obtains in (5) carried out data processing, thereby obtain the corresponding azimuthal typical curve of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle of determining;
(7) azimuthal measurement curve undetermined and the typical curve of determining angle are done simple crosscorrelation, the pairing angle of the maximum value of simple crosscorrelation is the residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle, has also just realized dead axle.
The described typical curve of step (6) obtains as follows: by Flame Image Process is carried out in (4) and resulting image of (5) two steps, thereby obtain these three characteristic quantities of length, center and pattern of center image, these three characteristic quantities and known formula parallactic angle are set up corresponding relation with as typical curve.
The residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle obtains by following method described in the step (7): pass through Flame Image Process, then the image of angle undetermined and the standard picture of determining angular relationship are carried out computing cross-correlation, diffraction image is described with a matrix, the gray-scale value of the corresponding pixel of each element in the matrix, such two-dimensional matrix has just comprised the length of diffraction image, width, the information of center and pattern, do computing cross-correlation by matrix to be measured and the canonical matrix of determining angular relationship then, or the direct computing cross-correlation by image, the pairing angle of maximum value is exactly the residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.
The rotation polarization maintaining optical fibre adopts two stepper motors to rotate synchronously in the step (5).The precision of the angle of described rotation polarization maintaining optical fibre reaches 0.025 °.
In step (5), (6), (7), rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre by the minimum number of degrees in 0.025 degree/step, or rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre, thereby obtain each azimuthal diffraction image of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle with the multiple of the minimum number of degrees; Treat the diffraction image dorsad of dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre by collection, carry out Flame Image Process and analysis, obtain these three characteristic quantities of length, center and pattern of bright fringes at different levels in every diffraction image or dark fringe, and compare, judge, thereby judge the position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle with image information in the java standard library.
In the step (5), during the rotation polarization maintaining optical fibre, promptly in the process of 360 ° of polarization maintaining optical fibre rotations, diffraction image shrinks and the phenomenon of expansion respectively takes place twice, the transformation of each shrinkage phenomenon and the expansion 90 ° of angles that all are separated by, by shrinking and 90 ° of intervals of expansion, to shrink and the expansion transfer point determine to realize dead axle, can search the position angle, place of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.
Diffraction image presented symmetrical distribution when the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle was 0 ° at the position angle; When the position angle increased or reduce, diffraction image was tending towards asymmetric distribution.
Diffraction image when polarization maintaining optical fibre is 90 ° at the position angle presents symmetry and distributes, and when the position angle increased or reduce, diffraction image was tending towards asymmetric distribution.
Polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing apparatus structure based on space diffracting light of the present invention is as follows: the two ends of polarization maintaining optical fibre (5) are fixed to clamp by two anchor clamps (8), two anchor clamps (8) are separately fixed on the stepper motor (9), on the present tool of two stepper motors (9) device, seat tool overall fixed is on lifting table (10); Treat dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre (5) and laser beam (1) at grade, diffraction image (3) appears on the imaging screen (2) clearly; Ccd video camera (11) shooting imaging screen (2) is gone up diffraction image and is recorded clearly on the computer (12).
The variation of center diffraction image is very sensitive.Obtain the comparison of three characteristic quantities of described diffraction image by Flame Image Process, can obtain very high dead axle precision.Experimental data shows that the common diffraction image of describing (or center image) of length, center and pattern three is corresponding one by one with the position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.
Described video camera is electric charge coupling (CCD) video camera, and its image pixel resolution is more than the 0.5 μ m/ pixel.
Axis fixation method of the present invention has this requirement, the present invention to can be applicable to make the welding, optical fibre gyro etc. of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, polarization-maintaining fiber polarizer, polarization maintaining optical fibre usually when making polarization-maintaining fiber coupler and polarization-maintaining fiber polarizer.The more important thing is that this method can be applied to utilize side-looking lens effect method to carry out the occasion of dead axle, as is applied on the optical fiber side polishing and burnishing machine.In this occasion that can't utilize side-looking lens effect method to carry out dead axle, by adopting this axis fixation method, then can improve the production efficiency of device and the quality of device widely, also will improve the quality of novel optical fiber sensor widely.
The principle of work of axis fixation method of the present invention is as follows:
Be subjected to the principle of fibre scattering according to laser beam, when the laser beam vertical fiber longitudinal axis shines on the optical fiber side, to in one plane, space, form 360 ° diffraction image, and relatively the forward direction diffraction image and the intensity of diffraction image dorsad of beam direction, the intensity of the diffraction image in more upper and lower these two orientation is much better than.In the drawing coating process of optical fibre refractivity parameter measurement and optical fiber, people utilize the scattering after laser is met optical fiber, come the distribution of detection fiber refractive index and the concentricity and the symmetric case of the outer overlay of analysis optical fiber.The laser light scattering image method be with a branch of laser radiation vertical with the optical fiber y direction to optical fiber side, measure in the wings the dispersion image that generates with the numerical relation that the directional bearing angle changes, extrapolate the distribution of optical fibre refractivity thus.Whether the symmetry that distributes according to dispersion image in addition, also can judge the homogeneity and the symmetry of fiber coating layer.
In addition, utilize the backscattering image of optical fiber can judge how much symmetrical structures of polarization maintaining optical fibre fibre core and covering, thereby judge the position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle with the variation relation of optical fiber rotation.
For the equal single-mode fiber of nicely rounded symmetrical distribution of desirable circular section and refractive index, when optical fiber is axle with the center, during by counter clockwise direction or clockwise direction rotation, because the light path of light beam incident condition and reflects light does not change, diffraction image will not change dorsad.For the polarization maintaining optical fibre that the non-circle of inner structure is symmetrically distributed, the rotation of optical fiber will cause the variation of reflects light light path, so dispersion image can change with the rotation of optical fiber.So, by collection diffraction image dorsad, and carry out Flame Image Process and analysis, just can obtain the corresponding relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle position angle and diffraction image, thereby utilize this corresponding relation to realize the dead axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.In addition, also can directly preserve gathering the image undetermined of coming in image mode, to determine in this image undetermined and the standard picture storehouse that azimuthal standard picture carries out computing cross-correlation then, the pairing position angle of the maximum value of related operation is the position angle of the polarization axle of asking.
Polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing apparatus structure based on the diffraction image dorsad of space diffracting light among the present invention is as follows:
As shown in Figure 6: polarization maintaining optical fibre 5 is placed as shown in Figure 6.The two ends of polarization maintaining optical fibre 5 are fixed to clamp by two anchor clamps 8, and two anchor clamps 8 are separately fixed on the stepper motor 9, two stepper motors, 9 devices on precision machined seat tool, then with seat tool overall fixed on lifting table 10.By adjusting lifting table 10, treat dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre 5 and laser beam 1 at grade to reach careful adjustment, thereby realize careful adjusting imaging screen 2, diffraction image 3 is appeared on the imaging screen 2 clearly.Regulate the distance of ccd video camera 11, video camera can be recorded diffraction image on the computer 12 clearly to imaging screen 2.When using two light sources to shine on two different optical fiber simultaneously by requirement of experiment, can carry out axle or dead axle two different optical fiber, this has just constituted optical fiber splicer.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1, the advantage of aspect such as precision, on some angles, the experiment dead axle precision that this method realizes reaches as high as 0.2 degree, and is higher than the degree of 0.5 described in the U.S. Pat 005317575 precision.
2, applied range, the present invention can be applicable to make welding, optical fibre gyro of polarization-maintaining fiber coupler, polarization-maintaining fiber polarizer, polarization maintaining optical fibre etc.And, in the time can't adopting side-looking lens effect method to carry out dead axle, the present invention then can satisfy this special demand, as be applied on the optical fiber side polishing and burnishing machine, can realize the rubbing down position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle is determined, and can realize real-time monitoring to the rubbing down process, thus can improve the production efficiency of device and the quality of device widely, also will improve the quality of novel optical fiber sensor widely.
3, can carry out dead axle to non-matching type polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle, this dead axle for polarization maintaining optical fibre provides a kind of new method again.
4, can effectively carry out dead axle, thereby make the make efficiency based on the polarization maintaining optical fibre device increase, improve the quality of products simultaneously the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the laser backscatter light path principle figure.
Fig. 2 is a polarization maintaining optical fibre cross-section location schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is an axis fixation method schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 be use that method shown in Figure 3 produces be 0 ° at the position angle time the diffraction image distribution plan.
(" fringe center " is meant the incident light position described in Fig. 4).
Fig. 5 be use that method shown in Figure 3 produces be 90 ° at the position angle time the diffraction image distribution plan.
(" fringe center " is meant the incident light position described in Fig. 5).
Fig. 6 is apparatus of the present invention structural representations.
Fig. 7 is typical curve and the curve of axial curve undetermined when equal angular.
Fig. 8 is each order diffraction bright fringe length curve figure in three width of cloth diffractograms of three adjacent polarization axle position angle correspondences.
Fig. 9 is the curve map of each order diffraction bright fringe center in three width of cloth diffractograms of three adjacent polarization axle position angle correspondences.
Figure 10 is the result curve that the original matrix of different angles correspondence image carries out simple crosscorrelation.
Figure 11 is the result curve that the binaryzation matrix of different angles correspondence image carries out simple crosscorrelation.
Embodiment
The polarization maintaining optical fibre that following examples adopt is a panda type polarization-preserving fiber.
As shown in Figure 1, laser beam 1 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis vertical irradiation of polarization maintaining optical fibre 5 to the side of polarization maintaining optical fibre 5, thereby form back-scattering light 4, these back-scattering lights are interfered mutually in the space and are received by imaging screen, reception by imaging screen can be seen diffraction image 3, and the characteristic quantity of these diffraction images has corresponding one to one relation with the polarization axle position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre.The 7th, the expression optical axis.
As shown in Figure 2,1a, 1b are two stressed zones, and 1c is a fibre core, and 1d is a covering.This makes and formed a receivable diffraction image 3 on the distance fiber optic hub is the inspection surface 2 of L.These diffraction images have comprised the spatial positional information of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle, and the ccd video camera 11 that is had an A/D translation function is noted.Then the image of noting is carried out Flame Image Process and analysis, can obtain the position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle and the corresponding relation of diffraction image.
As shown in Figure 3: the 6th, polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization principal axis (slow axis), coherent parallel lights 1 side direction of being sent by the LD laser instrument shines treated dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre (panda type polarization-preserving fiber) at 5 o'clock, polarization maintaining optical fibre is because the refractive index difference of two stressed zones, fibre core, covering, make the path of back-scattering light of polarization maintaining optical fibre also different because of the azimuthal difference of optical fiber polarisation axle, thereby also along with change, and then the diffraction image that forms on imaging screen 2 is also different because of the azimuthal difference of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle in the interference in space.
Fig. 4 uses near diffraction image dorsad that method shown in Figure 3 the produces distribution plan the polarization axle position angle is 0 ° and 0 ° the time, and in these diffraction images, diffraction image just presents rule in the time of 0 °; And when the polarization axle position angle increased or reduce, the flexible speed of both sides diffraction image was inequality, so that the distribution of diffraction image obviously is tending towards is asymmetric.
Fig. 5 uses near diffraction image dorsad that method shown in Figure 3 the produces distribution plan the polarization axle position angle is 90 ° and 90 ° the time, and in these diffraction images, only in the time of 90 °, these images just present symmetry about center image; When the polarization axle position angle increased or reduce, the flexible speed of both sides diffraction image was inequality, so that the distribution of diffraction image obviously is tending towards is asymmetric.
In above these two figure, this asymmetry change trend and the uneven distribution of center image, just in time with U.S. Pat 005323225 in, be different to the symmetry variation tendency described in the ellipse polarization maintaining optical fibre research.
In Fig. 6, polarization maintaining optical fibre 5 is placed as shown in Figure 6.The two ends of polarization maintaining optical fibre 5 are fixed to clamp by two anchor clamps 8, and two anchor clamps 8 are separately fixed on the stepper motor 9 of rear side, two stepper motors, 9 devices on precision machined seat tool, then with seat tool overall fixed on lifting table 10.By adjusting lifting table 10, treat dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre 5 and laser beam 1 at grade to reach careful adjustment, thereby realize careful adjusting imaging screen 2, diffraction image 3 is appeared on the imaging screen 2 clearly.Regulate the distance of ccd video camera 11, video camera can be saved in diffraction image on the computer 12 clearly to imaging screen 2.
The characteristics of image discharge curve of having calibrated in the characteristics of image discharge curve that measures and the standard picture storehouse is done simple crosscorrelation, and the pairing angle of the maximum value of simple crosscorrelation is the residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.Perhaps, directly the image array that measures and the calibration matrix in the standard picture storehouse are done simple crosscorrelation, the pairing angle of the maximum value of simple crosscorrelation is the residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.But, the calculated amount of doing the matrix simple crosscorrelation is more much bigger than directly the characteristic quantity of diffraction image being done the calculated amount of simple crosscorrelation.
Polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing method based on back-scattering light comprises the steps:
(1) by regulating device, laser beam and optical fiber that the LD laser instrument is sent are in the same plane;
(2) with the laser beam vertical irradiation to the polarization maintaining optical fibre of removing protective seam, diffraction image appears in the plane perpendicular to optical fiber in the space;
(3) on one position, space, place an imaging screen, make the laser beam irradiation polarization maintaining optical fibre in diffraction image imaging thereon that the space became;
(4) distance between adjustment polarization maintaining optical fibre and the imaging screen makes the formed diffraction image of space diffracting light be presented on the imaging screen clearly; Simultaneously, the ccd video camera of accommodation zone camera lens, make in the diffraction image light intensity obviously stronger that part of diffraction image can be taken clearly, and be sent to computer;
(5) in this experimental system, stepper motor has been realized 14400 segmentations, the per step that makes stepper motor is 0.025 °.So can rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre, also can rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre, thereby obtain each azimuthal diffraction image of polarization maintaining optical fibre by the multiple of the minimum number of degrees by the minimum number of degrees in 0.025 degree/step.When Data Processing in Experiment, serve as to gather and handle diffraction image at interval then with 1 degree, and be that typical curve and the standard picture storehouse that can determine angle set up on the basis with these pictures, can reduce the workload of data processing like this, to be that typical curve and standard picture storehouse are more accurately set up in the basis then in the perfect system in the back, to improve the dead axle precision of whole dead axle system on each position angle with more picture; A series of diffraction images when polarization maintaining optical fibre is in different orientations, obtain the characteristic quantity of diffraction image by Flame Image Process, and these characteristic quantities and the azimuthal corresponding relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre, thereby set up typical curve and standard picture storehouse, to do the dead axle normative reference of unknown images; At present on some angles with the fixed intervals collection in 0.2 degree/step and handle some diffraction images, and verified on some angles that present to test the full accuracy that can reach be 0.2 °.
(6) carry out data processing and obtain corresponding azimuthal typical curve of determining the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle obtaining characteristic quantity and the azimuthal corresponding relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre in (5);
(7) azimuthal measurement curve undetermined and the typical curve of determining angle are done simple crosscorrelation, the pairing angle of the maximum value of simple crosscorrelation is the residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.
Three characteristic quantities of the diffraction image that forms after described polarization maintaining optical fibre and the laser beam effect: length, center and pattern, extract by Flame Image Process and to obtain.And described center image is meant the image in 300 pixel coverages in center that are in the diffraction image of gathering, and the variation of the diffraction image in this scope is more sensitiveer than the variation of the diffraction image of other positions.By the comparison of above three parameters, can obtain very high dead axle precision.The common diffraction image of describing (or center diffraction image) of length, center and pattern three is corresponding one by one with the position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.
In concrete enforcement, adopt the device of Fig. 6, by gathering optical fiber each diffraction image on 360 degree complete cycles, in order to reduce calculated amount, here be to gather a diffraction image every 1 °, then by Flame Image Process and analysis, obtain each information of opening in these 360 diffraction images, the information that comprises length, center and the pattern of bright fringes at different levels in every diffraction image, also these images are directly deposited simultaneously, then every image has all comprised the information of the length of bright fringes at different levels, width, center and pattern in the diffraction image.Like this, by the image of diffraction image dorsad being carried out leave the computer the inside in after Flame Image Process, analysis and the calibration, just can obtain the corresponding relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle position angle and diffraction image, these corresponding relations are just treated the azimuthal normative reference of dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre as the back judgement.Then, rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre by the minimum number of degrees in 0.025 degree/step, or rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre, thereby obtain each azimuthal diffraction image of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle with the multiple of the minimum number of degrees.Treat the diffraction image dorsad of dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre by collection, carry out Flame Image Process and analysis, just can obtain the information of length, center and the pattern of bright fringes at different levels in every diffraction image, and compare, judge with image information in the java standard library, thereby can judge the position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle, determined after the position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre, also just realized dead axle.Corresponding as following table 1 with Fig. 7.
Table 1
In the java standard library in the 46 standard pictures image undetermined relatively image undetermined relative
The degree image corresponding to the 46 degree images on image summit for the image summit
At different levels bright bright fringes at different levels in the at different levels bright bright fringes at different levels of answering
Striped length heart position, line length heart position
21 10.5 20 10
4 23 4 22
77 63.5 76 62
7 105.5 9 104.5
24 121 24 121
16 141 15 140.5
42 170 41 168.5
11 196.5 12 195
28 216 31 216.5
4 232 2 233
65 266.5 65 266.5
9 303.5 8 303
53 334.5 55 334.5
10 366 9 366.5
22 382 24 383
6 396 4 397
22 410 20 409
2 422 4 421
20 433 20 433
4 445 5 445.5
20 457 17 456.5
4 469 6 468
9 9
Fig. 7 is typical curve and the curve of axial curve undetermined when equal angular.The value of consult volume of the at different levels bright fringes of two groups of images when equal angular.Prove the repeatability and the reproducibility of characteristic parameter, and utilized these two characteristics to calibrate, thereby can realize the dead axle of polarization maintaining optical fibre.What select for use here is the image that angle corresponds to 46 degree in two groups of images.Horizontal ordinate is corresponding bright fringe progression, and ordinate is represented the picture element number, and unit is a pixel.The position of bright fringes at different levels center correspondence is the position of relative image top, unit: pixel.Select for use other as determining that with reference to putting the center of bright fringes at different levels also is fine.
Fig. 8 is each order diffraction bright fringe length curve figure in three width of cloth diffractograms of three adjacent polarization axle position angle correspondences: Fig. 8 as an example, provided the typical curve that preceding 23 order diffraction bright fringe length are constituted in three width of cloth diffractograms of 45 °, 46 ° and 47 ° three adjacent polarization axle position angle correspondences respectively, and the curve undetermined that length constituted of each order diffraction bright fringe in the diffractogram of 46 ° of correspondences.Horizontal ordinate is corresponding bright fringe progression among Fig. 8, and ordinate is represented bright fringe length, and unit is a pixel.As seen from the figure: diffraction bright fringe length distribution is relevant with the polarization axle position angle.The bright fringe length at different levels that different polarization axle position angle is corresponding different.46 ° of pairing curves undetermined in angle overlap finely with 46 ° of footmark directrix curves, and its degree of correlation is 0.996805, illustrates about the same.45 ° and 47 ° of pairing typical curves then obviously can't overlap with 46 ° of pairing curves undetermined.So experimental data shows, the position angle of panda protecting polarized light fiber polarization axle and dorsad in the diffraction image bright fringe length at different levels have corresponding relation.
Fig. 9 is the curve map of each order diffraction bright fringe center in three width of cloth diffractograms of three adjacent polarization axle position angle correspondences: Fig. 9 as an example, provided the typical curve that each order diffraction bright fringe center is constituted in three width of cloth diffractograms of 45 °, 46 ° and 47 ° three adjacent polarization axle position angle correspondences respectively, and the curve undetermined that the center constituted of each order diffraction bright fringe in the diffractogram of 46 ° of correspondences.Be that horizontal ordinate is corresponding bright fringe progression among Fig. 5, ordinate is the center (center of relative original image top, unit is a pixel) of bright fringe correspondences at different levels.As seen from the figure: each order diffraction bright fringe center is relevant with the polarization axle position angle.The center of the bright fringes at different levels of different polarization axle position angle correspondence is with difference.46 ° of pairing curves undetermined in angle overlap finely with 46 ° of footmark directrix curves, and its degree of correlation is 0.99998676, and are almost completely the same, can realize that corresponding 46 ° position angle treats the dead axle of dead axle panda protecting polarized light fiber.45 ° and 47 ° of pairing typical curves then obviously can't overlap with 46 ° of pairing curves undetermined.So, the position angle of panda protecting polarized light fiber polarization axle and dorsad the bright fringes at different levels center in the diffraction image have corresponding relation.
In conjunction with Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 as can be known: the position angle of panda protecting polarized light fiber polarization axle and the length and the center of the bright fringes at different levels in the diffraction image all have corresponding relation dorsad.The pattern of bright fringe then is to be described simultaneously by these three parameters of the length of bright fringe, center and width, so, the position angle of panda protecting polarized light fiber polarization axle and dorsad the pattern of the bright fringes at different levels in the diffraction image also have corresponding relation.So can realize the azimuthal judgement of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle as characteristic quantity with length, center and three parameters of pattern of this bright fringe.Simultaneously, because bright fringe and dark fringe have complementary character, so, also can realize the azimuthal judgement of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle by these three parameters of length, center and pattern of dark fringe.
In addition, also can preserve with gathering the image undetermined of coming in, then this be treated that the image in dead axle image and the standard picture storehouse carries out computing cross-correlation, the pairing position angle of the maximum value of related operation be the position angle of the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle of asking.
Figure 10 is the result curve that corresponding different angles image carries out simple crosscorrelation: can judge the pairing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.Here be the cross correlation results of original image.Among the figure be 46 when spending image and the simple crosscorrelation of other angular image, so when 46 spent, the degree of correlation was 1.
Figure 11 is the result curve that corresponding different angles image carries out simple crosscorrelation: can judge the pairing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.Here be the cross correlation results of image through the image after the binary conversion treatment.Among the figure be 46 when spending image and the simple crosscorrelation of other angular image, so when 46 spent, the degree of correlation was 1.
Contrast Figure 10 and Figure 11 be as can be known: among Figure 10, in the degree of correlation of any two pictures, the degree of correlation between 43 pictures is arranged greater than 0.8.And among Figure 11, in the degree of correlation of any two pictures, has only the degree of correlation between 4 pictures greater than 0.8.Clearly,, and then do computing cross-correlation, can improve the sensitivity that the polarization maintaining optical fibre position angle is judged significantly by the binaryzation of picture.
By top data as can be known: adopt matrix operation can realize being better than the dead axle precision of 1 degree.And in experiment,, then can realize being better than 0.2 ° dead axle resolution if when realizing azimuthal judgement by length, center and the pattern of center bright fringe.What provide example here is the data and the curve of 46 degree pictures, also can realize being better than the dead axle precision of 1 degree on other positions.
Claims (10)
1. the polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing method based on space diffracting light is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) by regulating device, laser beam and polarization maintaining optical fibre that the LD laser instrument is sent are in the same plane;
(2) with the laser beam vertical irradiation to the polarization maintaining optical fibre of removing protective seam, diffraction image appears in the plane perpendicular to optical fiber in the space;
(3) on one position, space, place an imaging screen, make the laser beam irradiation polarization maintaining optical fibre in diffraction image imaging thereon that the space became;
(4) distance between adjustment polarization maintaining optical fibre and the imaging screen makes the formed diffraction image of space diffracting light be presented on the imaging screen clearly; Simultaneously, the ccd video camera of accommodation zone camera lens, make in the diffraction image light intensity obviously stronger that part of diffraction image can be taken clearly, and be sent to computer;
(5) rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre, obtain the diffraction image of corresponding polarization maintaining optical fibre different orientations; Described diffraction image is carried out the characteristic quantity of Flame Image Process with the acquisition diffraction image, and these characteristic quantities and the azimuthal corresponding relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre;
The characteristic quantity of the described diffraction image that obtains by Flame Image Process comprises three eigenwerts: length, center and pattern, the diffraction image of described center are meant near the images that are in the picture centre in 300 pixel coverages;
(6) characteristic quantity and the azimuthal corresponding relation of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle that obtains in (5) carried out data processing and obtain the corresponding azimuthal typical curve of polarization maintaining optical fibre of determining;
(7) azimuthal measurement curve undetermined and the typical curve of determining angle are done simple crosscorrelation, the pairing angle of the maximum value of simple crosscorrelation is the residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle, thereby realizes dead axle.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the described typical curve of step (6) obtains as follows: by Flame Image Process is carried out in (4) and resulting image of (5) two steps, thereby obtain these three characteristic quantities of length, center and pattern of diffraction image, these three characteristic quantities and known counterparty's parallactic angle are set up corresponding relation with as typical curve.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle obtains by following method described in the step (7): pass through Flame Image Process, then the image of angle undetermined and the standard picture of determining angular relationship are carried out computing cross-correlation, or diffraction image described with a matrix, the gray-scale value of the corresponding pixel of each element in the matrix, such two-dimensional matrix has just comprised the length of diffraction image, width, the information of center and pattern, do computing cross-correlation by measuring matrix with the canonical matrix of determining angular relationship then, the pairing angle of maximum value is exactly the residing position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that adopting in the step (3) two stepper motors to rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre synchronously.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that in step (5), (6), (7), the minimum number of degrees by 0.025 degree/step rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre, or rotate polarization maintaining optical fibre with the multiple of the minimum number of degrees, thereby obtain each azimuthal diffraction image of polarization maintaining optical fibre; Treat the diffraction image dorsad of dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre by collection, and carry out Flame Image Process and analysis, and obtain these three characteristic quantities of length, center and pattern of bright fringes at different levels in every diffraction image or dark fringe, then with java standard library in image information compare, judge, thereby judge the position angle of polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that in the step (5), during the rotation polarization maintaining optical fibre, promptly in the process of 360 ° of polarization maintaining optical fibre rotations, diffraction image shrinks and the phenomenon of expansion respectively takes place twice, and the transformation of each shrinkage phenomenon and the expansion 90 ° of angles that all are separated by are by shrinking and 90 ° of intervals of expansion, to shrink and the expansion transfer point determine to realize dead axle, to search the position angle, place of polarization maintaining optical fibre.
7. method according to claim 6, diffraction image presents symmetry and distributes when it is characterized in that the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle is 0 ° at the position angle; When the position angle increased or reduce, diffraction image was tending towards asymmetric distribution.
8. method according to claim 6 is characterized in that the diffraction image when polarization maintaining optical fibre is 90 ° at the position angle presents the symmetry distribution, and when the position angle increased or reduce, diffraction image was tending towards asymmetric distribution.
9. dead axle device based on the polarization maintaining optical fibre polarization axle of space diffracting light, the two ends that it is characterized in that polarization maintaining optical fibre (5) are fixed to clamp by two anchor clamps (8), two anchor clamps (8) are separately fixed on the stepper motor (9), on the present tool of two stepper motors (9) device, seat tool overall fixed is on lifting table (10); Treat dead axle polarization maintaining optical fibre (5) and laser beam (1) at grade, diffraction image (3) appears on the imaging screen (2) clearly; Video camera (11) shooting imaging screen (2) is gone up diffraction image and is recorded clearly on the computer (12).
10. device according to claim 9 is characterized in that described video camera is electric charge coupling (CCD) video camera, and its image pixel resolution is more than the 0.5 μ m/ pixel.
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| CN101533123B (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2010-08-18 | 暨南大学 | Polarization-preserving fiber axis fixing method based on spatial diffraction light |
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| CN101833128B (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2011-12-07 | 西安电子科技大学 | PANDA fiber dead axle method based on light distribution in first-order laser rainbow area |
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