CN100336393C - Low bit rate compression format conversion for improved resolution - Google Patents
Low bit rate compression format conversion for improved resolution Download PDFInfo
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- CN100336393C CN100336393C CNB028230868A CN02823086A CN100336393C CN 100336393 C CN100336393 C CN 100336393C CN B028230868 A CNB028230868 A CN B028230868A CN 02823086 A CN02823086 A CN 02823086A CN 100336393 C CN100336393 C CN 100336393C
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- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title description 7
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- DGLFSNZWRYADFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl2334586 Chemical compound C1CCC2=CN=C(N)N=C2C2=C1NC1=CC=C(C#CC(C)(O)C)C=C12 DGLFSNZWRYADFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234363—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by altering the spatial resolution, e.g. for clients with a lower screen resolution
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
- H04N7/0117—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving conversion of the spatial resolution of the incoming video signal
- H04N7/012—Conversion between an interlaced and a progressive signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/01—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level
- H04N7/0135—Conversion of standards, e.g. involving analogue television standards or digital television standards processed at pixel level involving interpolation processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/12—Systems in which the television signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the television signal
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Graphics (AREA)
- Television Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A method for format conversion includes providing (10) a first interlaced video signal including non-progressive video of a first resolution, downconverting (16) fields of the first resolution to fields of a second resolution, and combining and interlacing (18) the fields at a third resolution. The video signal is transmitted (20) at the third resolution. The video signal of the third resolution is deinterlaced (32) to form a progressive format video. The progressive format video is converted (34) to the first non-progressive resolution by alternately adjusting position of the progressive format of the third resolution up and down to make upper and lower fields, respectively, of the first resolution for display.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to low bit rate transmission, and, thereby the method and apparatus that particularly a kind of format conversion that is used to provide vision signal can be carried out the low bit rate compression of non-progressive.
Background technology
The video field is interleaved (interlaced) sometimes, thereby can make continuous video bit stream in transmission over networks.Interweave with being included in and send video field alternately in the link continuously.Video flowing can be identified as line by line or non-line by line.Progressive comprises paired continuous field, continuous field between do not have target to move.Non-progressive can be included in continuous field between exist target to move the field.Progressive frame easily carries out format conversion; But, do not possess the same ability of non-progressive video signal being carried out format conversion.And under the situation of the vertical resolution that does not have significantly sacrificing, the format conversion of non-progressive is difficulty very.
A kind of method of down conversion is to use intrafield interpolation the input field transformation of 240 row to be become the field of 120 row.240 interleaved videos (240i) that produce are compressed, transmission and decompression.Then the 240i vision signal by vertical interpolation by the field inner conversion become a 480i signal 240 the row the field and be shown.This has damaged vertical resolution, especially handles with 240 progressive images and compares.And the diagonal edges of moving target also presents zigzag.
Therefore, need a kind of method and system, wherein in order to obtain the compression of acceptable low-bit rate video, thereby non-progressive is reduced image resolution ratio by down conversion.Further need have suitable picture quality later on to the low-bit rate video up conversion that transmits.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method that is used for format conversion comprises: first interlaced video signal that comprises the non-progressive with first resolution is provided, will has the field that is transformed into second resolution after the match of first resolution, and with the 3rd resolution combination with interweave these.Vision signal is transmitted with the 3rd resolution.The vision signal of deinterleaving the 3rd resolution is to form the video of progressive format.Thereby producing the upper field and the lower field of first resolution that is used to show respectively by the position of alternately adjusting the 3rd resolution progressive format up and down, is the first non-resolution line by line with the video transformation of progressive format just thus.
In other embodiments, comprise that the non-progressive video signal of deinterleaving is the step with progressive format of first resolution.Jagged diagonal minimizing method also can be used to carry out deinterleaving.
A kind of system that is used for format conversion comprises a conversion equipment, and it becomes a progressive format with equal resolution with a non-interlaced video signal deinterleaving line by line with first resolution.Conversion equipment downconverts to second resolution and the combination and the second resolution field that interweaves with this progressive format, thereby the frame of the 3rd resolution is provided.Transmission link of coupling is used for the 3rd resolution transmission video signal on this conversion equipment.Restorer of output coupling at transmission link.Restorer is the progressive format video with the video flowing deinterleaving of the 3rd resolution, and the progressive format video transformation is become to be used for the upper field row that replaces and the lower field row that show with first resolution.
Brief description of drawings
Advantage of the present invention, characteristic and various additional feature will become cheer and bright in conjunction with in the description of accompanying drawing to embodiment subsequently.
Accompanying drawing 1 is the block diagram that shows according to the preliminary treatment order of format conversion of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is to show according to an embodiment of the invention 12 detailed block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 3 is to show according to an embodiment of the invention 16 and 18 detailed block diagram;
Accompanying drawing 4 is the block diagrams that show according to the reprocessing order of format conversion of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 5 is the schematic diagrames that show that the line position in the process in accordance with the present invention 34 is adjusted;
Accompanying drawing 6 is schematic diagrames of jagged diagonal minimizing method/algorithm of showing in the present invention to be adopted;
Accompanying drawing 7 is the block diagrams that show according to format conversion of the present invention system.
Should be appreciated that these accompanying drawings only are in order to explain notion of the present invention, is not to be used to illustrate unique possible configuration essential to the invention.
The present invention describes in detail
The invention provides a kind of method and system, thereby be used for the compression of the form permission low bit rate stream of conversion vision signal.The present invention allows the non-progressive video signal of deinterleaving input and is downconverted into the field, so that the have 1/2 resolution interleaved video of (for example vertical resolution) to be provided.This 1/2 resolution interleaved video is compressed, and transmits and decompression.Thereby 1/2 resolution interlaced video signal is deinterlaced and forms progressive format then, and the video of progressive format is transformed into upper field and lower field alternately then, is used for showing on traditional television set or display monitor.Describe although the present invention reduces according to 2: 1 resolution, the reduction of vertical resolution also can be with other ratio, and for example, 4: 1 ratio reduces.
Be to be understood that the present invention describes with 480 traditional capable (480i) video systems that interweave.But the present invention can comprise more widely can be in any video format or the size of wired or transmitted over wireless networks.
In an illustrative embodiment, the non-video of 480i line by line of input is deinterlaced and downconverted to 120 row fields, thereby produces the 240i video.This 240i video is compressed, and transmits and decompression.Deinterleaving 240i vision signal generates 240p then.This 240p is transformed into 240 row upper field and 240 row lower field alternately, is used for the 480i that shows thereby generate on conventional television for example.In addition, the present invention can be applied to comprise phone, set-top box, and computer, satellite link is in any system of Video transmission systems such as the Internet.The present invention is especially effective in video-on-demand applications, and it can or have in the other system of media bit rate channel at Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) network realizes.
Be to be understood that the element that shows in the accompanying drawing can be with hardware, software and their implemented in many forms such as combination.Preferably, these elements realize that this common apparatus comprises processor, memory and an input/output interface with the form of software in one or more common apparatus of suitably programming.
Be described in detail referring now to accompanying drawing, identical reference number is represented identical or corresponding element in whole accompanying drawings, sees Fig. 1 earlier, has shown the flow process/block diagram that is used for the method/system of preprocessed video according to one embodiment of present invention.In piece 10,, handles the signal of input thereby being reduced by horizontal brachymemma.In an explanation embodiment, if desired, the interweave picture element signal of (480i) of one 720 pixel (level) * 480 can be punctured into 704 * 480i.In piece 12, the executive level down-sampling is to form 352 * 480i.In the present embodiment, carry out 2: 1 down-samplings.Also can use other ratio.Down-sampling also can use traditional interpolation filtering method to realize.
Fig. 2 with reference to after Fig. 1 describes piece 12 in detail among Fig. 2.This vision signal of low pass frequency overlapped-resistable filter 13 filtering is carried out the sub sampling step then in piece 15.The output of piece 15 is fields of one 1/2 horizontal down-sampling.
Referring again to Fig. 1, in piece 14, this signal of deinterleaving is 352 * 480p, and is preferably 60Hz.Deinterleaving can utilize traditional de-interweaving method to carry out.In piece 16, use 21 pairs of signals of 1/4,1/2,1/4 filter to carry out vertical low pass, as shown in Figure 3, utilize first phase place to carry out 4 then: thus 1 sub sampling generates the field of a top 120 row, as digital i1, and the row that i3 etc. are represented.Other filter also can be used as filter 21.And as shown in Figure 3, the 480p frame of deinterleaving subsequently (by the filter process identical with frame i, but utilizing the phase place different with first phase place to carry out 4: 1 sub samplings) generates 120 row fields, bottom subsequently, as digital i2, and the row that i4 etc. are represented.Like this, formed the 240i sequence of a 60Hz field.In piece 18, two continuous 240i fields are to forming the frame of 30Hz then.
As shown in Figure 1, in piece 18, formed each frame.In the embodiment of explanation, the frame of 704 * 480i is downconverted into 352 * 240i frame of the Bit-Rate Reduction that is suitable for a reduction.In piece 20, video flowing is compressed and is transferred to receiver by the Internet or transmission link (wired or wireless), for example television set or display device.Advantageously, the present invention has improved the demonstration vertical resolution of non-moving image.Non-moving image is compared with legacy system and was had 2: 1 or bigger vertical resolution raising.In addition, by using the method among the present invention, comprise that routine jagged diagonal as will be described below reduces, and has improved the down conversion of non-progressive video bitstream.
Referring now to Fig. 4, after video transmits, in piece 29, video is decompressed.Reprocessing comprises each frame of up conversion in the horizontal direction.Shown schematically that in piece 30 using a kind of interpolating method such as the bicubic interpolation method becomes 704 samplings of every row with 352 samplings of each row up conversion.240i signal deinterleaving in piece 32 behind the up conversion.Can use a kind of in the multiple different deinterleaving algorithm.In one embodiment, jagged diagonal reduces the motion parts that algorithm is used to image.Described with reference to Fig. 5 later on.In piece 34, by alternately upwards being offset the field that a 240p frame is generated a top 240 row, offseting downward the frame that ensuing 240p is capable and generate the field of going in a bottom 240, the 240p/60Hz signal of deinterleaving just is transformed into the fields of 240 row like this.Thereby these skews execution in piece 34 is adjusted the position up or down and is rebuild the 480i field.Accompanying drawing 5 is one and shows that 240p is transformed into the schematic block diagram of 480i.With the numeral of each line correlation, for example 1/4,3/4th, weighting.First width of cloth image i upwards is offset four/delegation, and second width of cloth image i+1 offsets downward four/delegation.Thereby two amplitude shift motion videos are interleaved and form one 480 capable interlaced video.After the adjustment of position, signal can be as a 60Hz field sequence output, and it is resumed into 704 * 480i form.
With reference to Fig. 6, shown a kind of deinterleaving technology.In explanation embodiment, the jagged diagonal of carrying out deinterleaving reduces part.Also can use other deinterleaving technology, and the present inventor these technology have also been considered.When motion was absent variable, the row of previous field can be inserted between the row of front court and finish deinterleaving.This has kept the full level of vertical detail.When target travel, the field of front or back can not be used to generate the middle row of pixel.Therefore these pixels must form according to the row up and down that the pixel that will form is right after.
Usually be to use simple vertical interpolation to carry out in practice.This can be by forming pixel I to just in time being positioned at the value L3 that I pixel pixel up and down averages.But known this can produce edge, zigzag diagonal angle.
In the cornerwise minimizing method of zigzag, preferably and the present invention use together, thereby test diagonal angle pixel is right to the pixel that the L5 detection has minimum density difference for example to L1.The pixel that on average has a lowest difference to and use as pixel I.If this average is not the intermediate value of top pixel and following pixel then can produces exception.At this moment, have near the top pixel of this average or following pixel with regard to replaced use.Use this method, can effectively reduce jagged edge, in the time of display video, just can present the better picture of motion object.
With reference to Fig. 7, schematically shown the system 130 that is used for format conversion according to the present invention.System 130 provides a conversion equipment 132, be used for will have the non-stream of the interleaved video line by line deinterleaving of first resolution (for example 480i) progressive format (for example 480p) video flowing that becomes to have equal resolution.Conversion equipment 132 is downconverted into second resolution (for example 120) with progressive format, thereby and the field that merges second resolution frame of the 3rd resolution (240i) is provided.Conversion equipment 132 preferably includes 1/4,1/2, and 1/4 filter 134 is used for the progressive format (480p) of down conversion first resolution.Filter 134 utilizes first phase sample, the first image i and uses 1/4,1/2,1/4 identical filter 134 to utilize second phase sample, the second image i+1.The field that 134 outputs of 1/4,1/2,1/4 filter have first and second phase places, thus merging equipment will have the field of first phase place and have the occasion of second phase place and realize the 3rd resolution.The zigzag diagonal reduces the deinterleaving that algorithm 142 can be used to provide vision signal.Conversion equipment 132 is compressed video data before transmission preferably.Conversion equipment 132 is described with reference to the piece 10-18 in the accompanying drawing 1.
Described the preferred embodiment (it is used for explanation, and unrestricted) of realizing the conversion of low bit rate compressed format, should be noted that in the above teachings those skilled in the art can make various changes and distortion.Therefore can understand in the described scope and spirit of the present invention of accessory claim and can make various changes described specific embodiment.Here described desired details of Patent Law and feature in detail, patent certificate requires and the content expecting to protect is set forth in the middle of additional claim.
Claims (14)
1. method that is used for format conversion comprises step:
(12) first interlaced video signal that comprise the non-progressive field of first resolution are provided;
With the progressive format frame of non-progressive field deinterleaving (14) for having first resolution;
The progressive format frame of down conversion (16) first resolution is the progressive format field of second resolution;
The progressive format field of the merging and (18) these second resolution that interweave is to provide the interlaced video frame of the 3rd resolution;
With the 3rd resolution transmission (20) interlaced video frame;
Deinterleaving (32) thus the interlaced video frame of the 3rd resolution generates the video of the progressive format of one the 3rd resolution; And
By alternately adjusting the position of the progressive format of the 3rd resolution up and down, produce the upper field and the lower field of first resolution be used to show respectively, thereby with the progressive format video transformation (34) of the 3rd resolution non-progressive to first resolution.
2. the method for claim 1, the step of this interlaced video frame of wherein deinterleaving (32) comprise that using a zigzag diagonal reduces algorithm (142).
3. the method for claim 1, wherein the step of down conversion comprises that with 4 be factor carries out down-sampling (16) to the field of first resolution step.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of down-sampling comprises that use filter (21) with first phase sample, the first image i, uses same filter (21) with second phase sample, the second image i+1.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, its median filter output device has the field of first phase place and second phase place, thereby and further comprise the interlaced video frame that the 3rd resolution is provided of the field of first phase place of combined filter output and second phase place, form the step of the non-progressive of the 3rd resolution.
6. the method for claim 1, first resolution wherein, second resolution is relevant with vertical resolution with the 3rd resolution.
7. the method for claim 1 wherein is to have the step of the progressive format frame of first resolution to comprise that using a zigzag diagonal reduces algorithm (142) with non-progressive field deinterleaving (14).
8. system (130) that is used for format conversion comprising:
A conversion equipment (132), the non-interlaced video signal line by line that its deinterleaving has first resolution is the progressive format with equal resolution, thereby this this progressive format of conversion equipment down conversion provides frame with the 3rd resolution to second resolution and the merging and second resolution that interweaves;
A transmission link (136) that is coupled to conversion equipment is used for the 3rd resolution transmission video signal; And
A restorer (138) that is coupled to transmission link, the vision signal of this restorer deinterleaving the 3rd resolution is the progressive format video, and the progressive format video transformation is upper field row that replaces and the lower field row that is used to show.
9. system as claimed in claim 8, the pixel-phase of the progressive format of conversion equipment filtering first resolution wherein, this equipment comprises one 1/4,1/2,1/4 filter (134).
10. system as claimed in claim 9, wherein conversion equipment is with first phase sample, the first image i, and uses 1/4,1/2,1/4 identical filter (134), with second phase sample, the second image i+1.
11. system as claimed in claim 10, wherein from 1/4,1/2, the output of 1/4 filter has the field of first phase place to form first, and export second phase place the field to form second, and further comprise merging device (18), realize the 3rd resolution thereby be used to merge first and have second of second phase place with first phase place.
12. system as claimed in claim 8, first resolution wherein, second resolution is relevant with vertical resolution with the 3rd resolution.
13. system as claimed in claim 12 further comprises the device (140) that is used to extract pixel, to reduce horizontal resolution.
14. system as claimed in claim 8, wherein restorer comprises that the zigzag diagonal that is used for this vision signal of deinterleaving reduces algorithm (142).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US33158801P | 2001-11-20 | 2001-11-20 | |
| US60/331,588 | 2001-11-20 | ||
| US10/127,743 US6573941B1 (en) | 2002-04-22 | 2002-04-22 | Low bit rate compression format conversion for improved resolution |
| US10/127,743 | 2002-04-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1589572A CN1589572A (en) | 2005-03-02 |
| CN100336393C true CN100336393C (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB028230868A Expired - Fee Related CN100336393C (en) | 2001-11-20 | 2002-11-19 | Low bit rate compression format conversion for improved resolution |
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| EP (1) | EP1466476A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005510905A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100958708B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100336393C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002366172A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003045056A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR2886787A1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2006-12-08 | Thomson Licensing Sa | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ENCODING AND DECODING AN IMAGE SEQUENCE |
| KR100703165B1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-04-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Video processing apparatus and video processing method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1140950A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1997-01-22 | 汤姆森多媒体公司 | Image scanning format converter suitable for high definition television system |
| US5844617A (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1998-12-01 | Yves C. Faroudja | Method and apparatus for enhancing the vertical resolution of a television signal having degraded vertical chrominance transitions |
| WO2000065564A1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-02 | Intel Corporation | Displaying data on lower resolution displays |
| CN1279560A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-10 | 深圳市赛格集团有限公司 | Method and device for interlaced display of video signals on plasma display |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1286327C (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2006-11-22 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | High-resolution optical disk for recording stereoscopic video, optical disk reproducing device, and optical disk recording device |
| US6327000B1 (en) * | 1999-04-02 | 2001-12-04 | Teralogic, Inc. | Efficient image scaling for scan rate conversion |
| US6456329B1 (en) * | 1999-04-19 | 2002-09-24 | Sarnoff Corporation | De-interlacing of video signals |
-
2002
- 2002-11-19 EP EP02803681A patent/EP1466476A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-11-19 WO PCT/US2002/037186 patent/WO2003045056A1/en active Application Filing
- 2002-11-19 CN CNB028230868A patent/CN100336393C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-19 AU AU2002366172A patent/AU2002366172A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-19 JP JP2003546568A patent/JP2005510905A/en active Pending
- 2002-11-19 KR KR1020047007043A patent/KR100958708B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1140950A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1997-01-22 | 汤姆森多媒体公司 | Image scanning format converter suitable for high definition television system |
| US5844617A (en) * | 1995-10-05 | 1998-12-01 | Yves C. Faroudja | Method and apparatus for enhancing the vertical resolution of a television signal having degraded vertical chrominance transitions |
| WO2000065564A1 (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-02 | Intel Corporation | Displaying data on lower resolution displays |
| CN1279560A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-10 | 深圳市赛格集团有限公司 | Method and device for interlaced display of video signals on plasma display |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005510905A (en) | 2005-04-21 |
| WO2003045056A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 |
| EP1466476A4 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
| AU2002366172A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
| EP1466476A1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
| KR20040066807A (en) | 2004-07-27 |
| CN1589572A (en) | 2005-03-02 |
| KR100958708B1 (en) | 2010-05-18 |
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