CH674800A5 - - Google Patents
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- CH674800A5 CH674800A5 CH1109/86A CH110986A CH674800A5 CH 674800 A5 CH674800 A5 CH 674800A5 CH 1109/86 A CH1109/86 A CH 1109/86A CH 110986 A CH110986 A CH 110986A CH 674800 A5 CH674800 A5 CH 674800A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- closure
- main part
- closure part
- water
- container
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
- A61J3/07—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
- B29C65/54—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
- B29C65/548—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by capillarity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
- A61J3/07—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
- A61J3/071—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use into the form of telescopically engaged two-piece capsules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J3/00—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms
- A61J3/07—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use
- A61J3/071—Devices or methods specially adapted for bringing pharmaceutical products into particular physical or administering forms into the form of capsules or similar small containers for oral use into the form of telescopically engaged two-piece capsules
- A61J3/072—Sealing capsules, e.g. rendering them tamper-proof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4895—Solvent bonding, i.e. the surfaces of the parts to be joined being treated with solvents, swelling or softening agents, without adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
- B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
- B29C65/7879—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined said parts to be joined moving in a closed path, e.g. a rectangular path
- B29C65/7882—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined said parts to be joined moving in a closed path, e.g. a rectangular path said parts to be joined moving in a circular path
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
- B29C66/12443—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue having the tongue substantially in the middle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
- B29C66/1246—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove
- B29C66/12463—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered
- B29C66/12464—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the female part, i.e. the part comprising the groove being tapered being V-shaped
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/1282—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment
- B29C66/12821—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one overlap joint-segment comprising at least two overlap joint-segments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/1284—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/1284—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment
- B29C66/12841—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one butt joint-segment comprising at least two butt joint-segments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/1286—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/1286—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment
- B29C66/12861—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one bevelled joint-segment comprising at least two bevelled joint-segments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/1288—Stepped joint cross-sections comprising at least one monotone curved joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
- B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
- B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
- B29C65/7847—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7379—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined degradable
- B29C66/73793—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined degradable soluble, e.g. water-soluble
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7174—Capsules
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Closures For Containers (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
A process for filling and sealing a vessel which is formed of starch or at least one other hydrophilic material, or a mixture of compounds of this nature, and which comprises a container part and a closure part, the container part and closure part being capable of cooperating along respective mating areas to provide a non-locking mating free of any snap-lock, comprising: (a) introducing a product constituting the filling into the container part of the vessel; (b) bringing a sealing liquid into contact with the whole or a portion of that mating area of the closure part which touches the mating area of the container part when the vessel is in the closed state, and/or with the whole or a portion of that mating area of the container part which touches the mating area of the closure part when the vessel is in the closed state; and (c) subsequently uniting the container part and the closure part in order to form the sealed vessel. <IMAGE>
Description
Es ist bekannt, druckgeformte Formkörper aus natürlicher Stärke und hydrophilen Materialien, wie beispielsweise Gelatine, mittels Spritzgiessen herzustellen. Bevorzugt werden solche Behälter hergestellt für das Befüllen mit Pharmazeutika, Esswaren, Chemikalien, u.a.m., insbesondere als pharmazeutische Kapseln, für die dosierte Verabreichung von Medikamenten. Diese Behälter bestehen aus einem Hauptteil und einem Verschlussteil, wobei regelmässig mindestens einer der beiden Teile und in der Regel beide Teile miteinander passenden Hinterschneidungen versehen sind, um einen Schnappeffekt und dadurch einen guten Verschluss derselben zu gewährleisten. Pharmazeutische Kapseln sind von relativ kleiner Dimension. Der Schnappeffekt ist von besonderer Wichtigkeit, weil dieser bei abgefüllten pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen ein zufälliges oder auch absichtliches \ffnen der Kapseln verhindern muss.
Gemäss den heute bekannten Methoden wird, entsprechend der Grösse der pharmazeutischen Kapsel, der Schnappverschluss durch eine Hinterschneidung hoher Präzision von ca. 0.03 mm bis 0.15 mm im Hauptteil und/oder im Verschlussteil erreicht. Eine kleinere Hinterschneidung bewirkt einen mangelhaften Verschluss; eine zu grosse verursacht Risse vor allem im Hauptteil.
Auch exakt gearbeitete Hinterschneidungen sind mit diversen Nachteilen behaftet. Die Wandstärke einer pharmazeutischen Kapsel ist möglichst dünn zu halten. Als Folge ergeben sich verschiedene Wandstärken des Haupt- und des Verschlussteils. Dadurch ergibt sich eine unterschiedliche Dimensionsdynamik dieser beiden Teile was besonders bei veränderlicher Luftfeuchtigkeit zu einer unterschiedlichen Geometrie beider Teile und zu Spannungen führt.
Diese kann unter Umständen das Sprengen der Kapseln verursachen. Abgefüllte Pulver oder Flüssigkeiten laufen dann aus. Insbesondere auch in der Abfüllmaschine können beim Schliessen der Kapseln Schwierigkeiten entstehen.
Die Herstellung von Hinterschneidungen ist aber auch technisch aufwendig. Insbesondere sind Schieber- oder Backenwerkzeuge notwendig, wobei sodann Schiebermarkierungen als Unebenheiten auf der Kapseloberfläche erscheinen. Durch die notwendigen Schieber oder Backen hat das Werkzeug mehr gleitende Teile, höheren Verschleiss, höhere Drucke bzw. Schliesskräfte, höhere Fehleranfälligkeit und damit erhöhte Stillstandzeiten und Betriebskosten. Zusätzlich verursachen Schieber eine gewisse Destabilisierung des Werkzeugs. Insbesondere können auch weniger Kavitäten pro verfügbare Fläche angebracht werden, was den Ausstoss erheblich vermindert.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass sich alle diese genannten Nachteile beheben lassen, wenn man eine druckgeformte Kapsel im Abfüllprozess verwendet, welche keine Hinterschneidungen aufweist und diese Kapsel wie im weiteren beschrieben in erfindungsgemässer Weise versiegelt.
Die Erfindungsdefinition ist dargestellt in den Patentansprüchen 1, 13, 14, 16. Besondere Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Patentansprüchen dargestellt.
Unter Stärke ist das natürlich vorkommende pflanzliche Kohlehydrat zu verstehen, welches zur Hauptsache aus Amylose und Amylopektin besteht. Sie wird z.B. aus Kartoffeln, Reis, Tapioca, Mais, Korn wie Roggen, Hafer, Weizen und anderen Pflanzen gewonnen. Solche Stärke lässt sich unter Anwendung von Druck und erhöhter Temperatur zu kompakten Formkörpern hoher Präzision verarbeiten. Das Herstellungsverfahren für das Druckformen insbesondere für das Spritzgiessen unter Druck und erhöhter Temperatur, d.h. die Verfahrensbedingungen sowie die möglichen Zusätze wie Streckmittel, Gleitmittel, Weichmacher und/oder Farbstoffe sind in der Europäischen Patenanmeldung Nr. 84 300 940.8 (Publ. Nr. 118 240) beschrieben und gelten auch für die vorliegende Erfindung.
Unter dem Ausdruck "hydrophile Materialien" sind solche hydrophilen Materialien zu verstehen, die für die Herstellung der erfindungsgemässen Behälter, insbesondere von pharmazeutischen Kapseln, geeignet sind.
"Hydrophile Materialien" sind polymere Materialien wie beispielsweise Gelatine; pflanzliche Proteine wie Sonnenblumen-, Baumwollsamen-, Erdnuss-, Rapssamenproteine; Blutproteine; Eiproteine; acylierte Derivate der vorgenannten Proteine; Alginate; Lactose; Gummi Arabicum wasserlösliche Derivate der Cellulose, wie z.B. Hydroxyäthylcellulose, Hydroxypropylcellulose, Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; andere wasserlösliche Carbohydrate, wie z.B. Agar-Agar; wasserlösliche synthetische Polymere wie an sich bekannte anionische oder kationische Polyacrylate, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Vinylacetat; oder vernetzte Derivate oben genannter Verbinungen.
"Hydrophile polymere Materialien" sind auch solche mit sogenannten enterischen Eigenschaften, d.h. solche Polymere, die sich in wässrigen Medien mit leicht basischem pH-Wert auflösen. Solche sind z.B. Hydroxpropylmethylcellulosephthalat (HMPCP), Polyvinylacetatphthalat (PVAP), Celluloseacetylphthalat (CAP), kationisch modifizierte Acrylate und Methacrylate z.B. mit einer tertiären oder quaternären Aminogruppe, wie die gegebenenfalls quaternierte Diäthylaminoäthylgruppierung; Gelatine-phthalate; Gelatine-succinate u.a. Bevorzugt ist Gelatine.
Die Herstellungsverfahren für das Druckformen solcher hydrophilen Materialien insbesondere für das Spritzgiessen unter erhöhtem Druck und erhöhter Temperatur, d.h. die Verfahrensbedingungen sowie die möglichen Zusätze wie Streckmittel, Gleitmittel, Weichmacher und/oder Farbstoffe sind in der Europäischen Patentanmeldung Nr. 8 301 643.9 (Pupl. Nr. 090 600) beschrieben.
Die in den beiden vorgehend genannten Europäischen Patentanmeldungen Nos. 84 300 940.8 und 83 301 643.9 beschriebenen Details für die Herstellung solcher druckgeformten Behälter, insbesondere druckgeformte vorzugsweise spritzgegossene pharmazeutische Kapseln, gelten auch für die vorliegende Erfindung und sind Teil derselben. In der vorliegenden Erfindung werden derart erhältliche druckgeformte Behälter, vorzugsweise pharmazeutische Kapseln, verwendet, die hinterschneidungsfrei sind.
Als mögliche Streckmitttel sind die oben genannten Materialien zu nennen, d.h. Stärke oder ein anderes der "hydrophilen Materialien", wobei diese als Zusätze die Funktion einer Mischkomponente oder Streckmittel übernehmen. Streckmittel sind aber auch anorganische Füllmaterialien wie Oxide des Magnesiums, Aluminiums, Siliziums, Titans u.a. Für Streckmittel sind Konzentrationen von bis zu 50% angezeigt, vorzugsweise 3-10%, bezogen auf das Gewicht aller die Behälterwand bildenden Komponenten.
Weichmacher sind beispielsweise Polyalkylenoxide, wie Polyäthylenglykole, Polypropylenglykole, Polyäthylen-propylenglykole; niedrigmolekulare organische Weichmacher wie Glycerin, Glycerinmono-, - di- und -triacetat; Propylenglykol, Sorbitol, Natrium-diaethylsulfosuccinat, Triäthylcitrat, Tributylcitrat u.a. in einer Konzentration von 0,5-15%, bezogen auf das Gewicht aller Komponenten.
Farbstoffe sind beispielsweise bekannte Azofarbstoffe oder organische oder anorganische Pigmente, oder natürlich vorkommende Farbstoffe. Bevorzugt sind anorganische Pigmente, wie die an sich bekannten Oxide des Eisens oder des Titans in einer Konzentration von 0.001-10%, vorzugsweise 0.5-5%, bezogen auf das Gewicht aller die Behälterwand bildenden Komponenten.
Bevorzugt haben die aus Stärke und/oder den anderen hydrophilen Materialien geformten Behälter einen Wassergehalt von 10-20%, vorzugsweise 12-19% und insbesondere 14-18%, bezogen auf das Gewicht aller die Behälterwand bildenden Komponenten.
Bevorzugt beträgt die Summe von Weichmacher und Wasser höchstens 25%, vorzugsweise höchstens 20%, bezogen auf das Gewicht aller die Behälterwand bildenden Komponenten.
Der im weiteren gebrauchte Ausdruck "Kapseln" bedeutet ebenfalls Behälter irgendwelcher Art gemäss der oben erwähnten Definition.
Das Spezielle an den Kapseln der vorliegenden Erfindung im Vergleich mit der EP 84 300 940.8 (118 240) und der EP 83 301 643.9 (060 900) ist, dass die Kapseln der vorliegenden Erfindung keine Hinterschneidungen und somit auch keine Schnappverschlüsse irgendwelcher Art aufweisen. Bevorzugt sind solche Kapseln, bei welchen sich der Hauptteil und der Verschlussteil verformungsfrei zusammenfügen lassen. Solche Kapseln sind neu und Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung. Verschlossene Kapseln der vorliegenden Erfindung weisen bevorzugt zu allen Stellen eine praktisch gleiche Wandstärke auf, so dass Spannungen infolge unterschiedlicher Dimensionsdynamik vermieden werden.
Kapseln der vorliegenden Erfindung lassen sich einfach herstellen, füllen und verschliessen. Durch den fehlenden Schnappverschluss lassen sie sich jedoch relativ einfach öffnen oder öffnen sich von selbst bei der weiteren Behandlung, insbesondere wenn der Hauptteil und der Verschlussteil zwar mit hoher Präzision jedoch verformungsfrei ineinandergefügt sind. In der Regel sind die ineinandergeschobenen Flächensegmente nur 0.5 mm bis maximal 2 mm hoch.
Es war deshalb überraschend festzustellen, dass sich die Kapseln nicht öffnen, wenn man mindestens eine der sich berührenden Flächen des Hauptteiles oder des Verschlussteiles vor dem endgültigen Verschliessen mit einer Versiegelungsflüssigkeit in Berührung bringt.
Bevorzugt enthält diese Versiegelungsflüssigkeit Wasser. Bevorzugt ist dies ein Gemisch von Wasser und einem Alkohol, vorzugsweise einen solchen mit 1-4 C-Atomen, vorzugsweise Aethanol, Propanole und Butanole, insbesonere Aethanol oder Isopropylalkohol, vorzugsweise Aethanol, in einem Wasser/Alkohol-Verhältnis von 95:5 bis 40:60, vorzugsweise ca. 80:20 bis 60:40, vorzugsweise ca. 70:30.
Weitere wässrige Versiegelungsmittel sind zum Beispiel wässrige Lösungen von Saccharose, Stärke, Mono-, Oligo- und Polysaccharide, Glycerin und andere Polyole, Glycol, Polyglikole von Aethylenglykol und/oder Propylenglykol, an sich bekannte anionische, kationische oder amphothere oberflächenaktive Mittel, Gelatine, Polyvinylalkohole, wasserlösliche anionische oder kationische Acrylpolymere in einer Konzentration von 0.5-10 Gewichtsprozent vorzugsweise 1-4 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Versiegelungsflüssigkeit.
Bevorzugt ist das oben erwähnte Wasser/Aethanolgemisch.
Wasser alleine beispielsweise bewirkt eine übermässige oder unpräzise Benetzung, was eine Schädigung des Füllgutes oder der Kapsel zur Folge hat. Infolge der hohen Empfindlichkeit der Kapselwand gegenüber Wasser, muss die Versiegelungsflüssigkeit eine präzise örtliche und mengenmässige Benetzung erlauben.
Natürlich braucht es eine gewisse Zeit, bis ein Versiegelungseffekt eintritt. Es war deshalb überraschend festzustellen, dass sich die erfindungsgemässen Kapseln ohne irgendwelche \ffnungserscheinungen weiter verarbeiten und verpacken liessen.
Durch das genaue örtliche und dosierte Aufbringen der Versiegelungflüssigkeit wird eine exakte und flüssigkeitsdichte Versiegelung erreicht. Die Kapsel kann nach der Versiegelung nur durch Zerstörung geöffnet werden.
Um eine schnellere Versiegelung zu erreichen, kann man auch die verschlossene Kapsel bzw. die Verschlussstelle erwärmen. Jede Wärmequelle, welche die Kapsel oder deren Inhalt nicht beschädigt, kann verwendet werden, wie z.B Konventionswärme, wie erwärmte Luft; elektromagnetische Strahlung einer geeigneten Frequenz, z.B. Mikrowellen oder Infrarot-Strahlung oder Ultraschall, wobei die erzeugte Temperatur unkritisch ist, vorausgesetzt, dass keine Schädigung der Kapsel oder deren Inhalt verursacht wird. Eine Beschleunigung der Versiegelung durch solche zusätzlichen Massnahmen ist allerdings nur nach Bedarf nötig. Eine Erwärmung auf 30 bis 50 DEG C genügt in der Regel.
Das Füllgut kann fest, pastös oder flüssig sein. Die Füllinhalte für pharmazeutische Kapseln sind an sich bekannt und entsprechen den Stoffen, welche mit der Kapselwand verträglich sind und die üblicherweise in pharmazeutische Hartgelatinekapseln abgefüllt werden.
Durch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemässen Kapseln und deren Versiegelung ergeben sich neben der Behebung der eingangs genannten Nachteile noch weitere unerwartete Vorteile. So gelingt es, die Wandstärke der Kapsel stark zu reduzieren, da die mechanische Beanspruchung durch den Schnappverschluss entfällt. Dies bedingt eine bedeutend erhöhte \ffnungs- und Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit der Kapsel im Magen- oder Darmsaft sowie auch eine Materialersparnis und bessere Volumenausnützung der Kapsel.
In den dieser Erfindungsbeschreibung beigefügten Figuren 1, sind die folgenden Teile erläutert:
Fig. 1 zeigt die Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemässen Kapsel,
Fig. 2 zeigt den Längsschnitt einer erfindungsgemässen Kapsel gemäss Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 (a) bis (u) zeigt verschiedene Ausführungsformen des spannungslosen Verschlusses des Hauptteiles mit dem Verschlussteil entsprechend dem Hinweis III in Fig. 2,
Fig. 4 zeigt eine Ansicht einer Abfüll-/Versiegelungsmaschine für die erfindungsgemässen Kapseln von oben,
Fig. 5 zeigt die mit der Abfüll-/Versiegelungsmaschine verbundene Benetzungsstation im Schnitt, gemäss der Linie V-V in Fig. 4 und
Fig. 6 zeigt eine perspektivische Abbildung einer Abfüllmaschine, d.h. eine Maschine gemäss Fig. 4 mit Benetzungsstation.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Aufsicht einer druckgeformten Kapsel (20), welche im Prinzip ganz unterschiedliche äussere Formen haben kann, wie dies ganz allgemein für Behälter und im speziellen für Kapseln bekannt ist. Fig. 1 ist lediglich eine der zahlreichen an sich bekannten äusseren Formen.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Querschnitt einer erfindungsgemässen Kapsel (20) wobei der hinterschneidungsfreie Verschluss mit Bezug auf Fig. 3 speziell angedeutet ist. Verschlussteil (21) und Hauptteil (22) sind spannungslos ineinandergefügt.
Fig. 3 (a) bis (u) zeigt Beispiele hinterschneidungsfreier Verschlüsse, wobei der obere Abschnitt (22) jeweils zum Verschlussteil und der untere (24) zum Hauptteil gehört, wie dies in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist.
Fig. 4 zeigt das Muster einer Abfüllmaschine im horizontalen Querschnitt mit einer Versiegelungsstation. Dabei ist der Vorratsbehälter (1) mit einer Transportrinne (2) verbunden, welche die Hauptteile unter Vibration zur Hauptteil-Aufgabestation (3) führt. In dieser Hauptteil-Aufgabestation (3) werden die Hauptteile mit der \ffnung nach oben durch den Stössel (3a) in den Hauptteilhalter (5) gedrückt. Der Hauptteilhalter (5) ist fest montiert am Drehteller (4). Die Hauptteile werden nun durch Drehung des Drehtellers taktweise zur Füllstation (6) transportiert und dort mit einer dosierten Menge eines Pulvers (19), einer Paste oder einer Flüssigkeit aus einem Vorratsbehälter (6a) gefüllt. Der gefüllte Hauptteil wandert anschliessend taktweise zur Verschliess-Station (7).
In dieser werden die vom Verschlussteil-Vorratsbehälter (10) mittels Vibration durch die Transportrinne (9) herangeführten Verschlussteile über den Drehstern (8) nach der Benetzung durch den Filz (12a) auf die Hauptteile mittels des Verschlussteilhalters (8a) aufgesetzt. Nach taktweisem Weitertransport wird der geschlossene Behälter, im vorliegenden Fall eine pharmazeutische Kapsel an der Auswerfstation (11) aus dem Hauptteilhalter (5) ausgestossen.
Fig. 5 zeigt eine Versiegelungsstation im horizontalen Querschnitt. Die in der Transportrinne (9) befindlichen Verschlussteile (21) werden vom Verschlussteilhalter (8a) mittels Vakuum aufgenommen und durch anschliessende Dreh- und Vertikalbewegung zur Positionier- und Benetzungseinheit (12) transportiert. Durch vertikale Bewegung des Verschlussteilhalters (8a) wird das Verschlussteil (21) auf den mit Versiegelungsflüssigkeit (13) getränkten Filz (12a) gedrückt. Dabei wir das Verschlussteil (21) ausgerichtet und mit Versiegelungsflüssigkeit im Überlappungsbereich benetzt. Die Versiegelungsflüssigkeit wird mittels Kapillarwirkung aus dem Behälter (14), welcher mit einem Tropfer (15) und einem Überlauf (16) auf Niveau gehalten wird, in den Filz (12a) gesaugt.
Eine anschliessende Dreh- und Vertikalbewegung des Verschlussteilhalters (8a) bringt das Verschlussteil (21) zur Verschliess-Station (7) in der durch Vertikalbewegung des Verschlussteilhalters (8a) das Verschlussteil (21) auf das Hauptteil (22) gedrückt wird. Gleichzeitig wird das Vakuum, das den Verschlussteil (21) im Verschlussteilhalter (8a) hält, weggenommen. Der Verschlussteilhalter (8a) bewegt sich nun durch Dreh- und Vertikalbewegung weiter zur Vibrationsrinne (9), um ein neues Verschlussteil (21) aufzunehmen.
Die beschriebene Verschliessmaschine sowie die Versiegelungsstation sind neu und Teil dieser Erfindung. Während üblicherweise pharmazeutische Hartgelatinekapseln im vorverschlossenen Zustand für die Verschliessmaschine angeliefert werden, können erfindungsgemäss der Verschlussteil (21) und der Hauptteil (22) in separaten Vorratsbehältern (10) (1) aufgegeben und unabhängig voneinander zur Schliess-Station (7) transportiert werden. So können auch die Teile unabhängig vor dem Verschliessen benetzt werden.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung:
Beispiel 1
Die Kappe einer aus natürlicher Weizenstärke gemäss den Bedingungen der EP 84 300 940.8 (118 240), Beispiel 8, spritzgegossenen Kapsel mit der Form der Fig. 1 der vorliegenden Erfindung wird mit der Lippe auf einen feinen Filz, welcher mit einer Versiegelungsflüssigkeit bestehend aus 70 Vol.% Wasser und 30 Vol.% Aethanol getränkt ist, 1,5mm tief eingedrückt, so dass die dünne Lippe des Verschlussteiles vollständig benetzt wird. Anschliessend wird dieses Verschlussteil mit dem dazu passenden Hauptteil spannungsfrei zusammengefügt. Nach 10 Minuten lässt sich die Kapsel nicht mehr öffnen. Dasselbe Ergebnis erhält man, wenn man die Kapsel vorgehend mit einer festen, pastösen oder flüssigen pharmazeutischen Zusammensetzung füllt. Der Verschluss ist flüssigkeitsdicht (auslaufsicher).
Beispiel 2
Das Verfahren nach Beispiel 1 wird wiederholt jedoch mit dem Zusatz, dass sie geschlossene Kapsel sofort je einer Wärmequelle wie folgt (i) erwärmte Luft, 35 DEG C, 3 Minuten, (ii) infraroter Strahlung, 21/2 Minuten und (iii) Ultraschall, 2 Sekunden, ausgesetzt wird. Die Kapseln lassen sich anschliessend nicht mehr öffnen und sind flüssigkeitsdicht.
Beispiel 3
Die Kappe (Verschlussteil) einer Gelatinekapsel, hergestellt gemäss den Bedingungen der EP 83 301 643.9 (060 900), Beispiel 2 (B-2), mit der Form der Fig. 1 der vorliegenden Erfindung wird mit der Lippe auf eine Platte aufgesetzt, die einen 1,0 mm hohen Flüssigkeitsfilm eines Gemisches von Wasser/Aethanol (80:20) trägt. Anschliessend wird die Kappe verformungsfrei mit dem Hauptteil verschlossen.
Nach 15 Minuten Lagerung bei Raumtemperatur lässt sich die Kapsel nicht mehr öffnen. Verwendet man anschliessend eine Wärmequelle gemäss Beispiel 2, so erhält man die dort angegebenen kürzeren Verschweissungszeiten.
In keinem Fall liess sich die Kapsel nach beendeter Versiegelung ohne Zerstörung öffnen.
Beispiel 4
Die Verfahren nach den Beispielen 1, 2 und 3 wurden wiederholt, wobei Versiegelungsflüssigkeiten der folgenden Zusammenstetzungen verwendet wurden:
<tb><TABLE> Columns=4
<tb>Head Col 01 AL=L: Nr.
<tb>Head Col 02 AL=L: Wasser
%
<tb>Head Col 03 AL=L: Äthanol
%
<tb>Head Col 04 AL=L: Andere Zusätze
<tb> <SEP>1 <SEP>95 <SEP>5 <SEP>-
<tb> <SEP>2 <SEP>85 <SEP>15 <SEP>-
<tb> <SEP>3 <SEP>60 <SEP>40 <SEP>-
<tb> <SEP>4 <SEP>50 <SEP>50 <SEP>-
<tb> <SEP>5 <SEP>98 <SEP>- <SEP>SLS*, 2%
<tb> <SEP>6 <SEP>98 <SEP>- <SEP>Glukose, 1%, SLS, 1%
<tb> <SEP>7 <SEP>89 <SEP>10 <SEP>SLS, 1%
<tb> <SEP>8 <SEP>60 <SEP>38 <SEP>SLS, 2%
<tb> <SEP>9 <SEP>70 <SEP>20 <SEP>Glukose 5%, SLS 5%
<tb> <SEP>10 <SEP>80 <SEP>16 <SEP>Glycerin 4%
SLS = Natrium-Laurylsulfat
<tb></TABLE>
It is known to produce compression molded articles from natural starch and hydrophilic materials, such as gelatin, by means of injection molding. Such containers are preferably produced for filling with pharmaceuticals, edibles, chemicals, etc., in particular as pharmaceutical capsules, for the metered administration of medicaments. These containers consist of a main part and a closure part, with at least one of the two parts and generally both parts being provided with matching undercuts to ensure a snap effect and thereby a good closure thereof. Pharmaceutical capsules are of a relatively small dimension. The snap effect is of particular importance because it has to prevent accidental or even deliberate opening of the capsules when the pharmaceutical active ingredients are filled.
According to the methods known today, depending on the size of the pharmaceutical capsule, the snap closure is achieved by an undercut of high precision of approximately 0.03 mm to 0.15 mm in the main part and / or in the closure part. A smaller undercut causes poor closure; too large causes cracks, especially in the main part.
Precisely worked undercuts also have various disadvantages. The wall thickness of a pharmaceutical capsule should be kept as thin as possible. As a result, there are different wall thicknesses of the main and the closure part. This results in a different dimensional dynamics of these two parts, which leads to a different geometry of the two parts and to stresses, especially when the air humidity changes.
This may cause the capsules to explode. Bottled powders or liquids then run out. Difficulties can arise when closing the capsules, particularly in the filling machine.
The production of undercuts is also technically complex. In particular, slide or jaw tools are necessary, with slide marks then appearing as bumps on the capsule surface. Due to the necessary slides or jaws, the tool has more sliding parts, higher wear, higher pressures or closing forces, higher susceptibility to errors and thus increased downtimes and operating costs. In addition, slides cause a certain degree of tool destabilization. In particular, fewer cavities can be installed per available area, which considerably reduces the output.
It has now been found that all of the disadvantages mentioned can be remedied if a pressure-molded capsule is used in the filling process which has no undercuts and seals this capsule in the manner according to the invention as described below.
The definition of the invention is shown in claims 1, 13, 14, 16. Particular embodiments are shown in the dependent claims.
Starch is understood to mean the naturally occurring vegetable carbohydrate, which mainly consists of amylose and amylopectin. It will e.g. made from potatoes, rice, tapioca, corn, grain such as rye, oats, wheat and other plants. Such starch can be processed into compact moldings of high precision using pressure and elevated temperature. The manufacturing process for pressure molding, in particular for injection molding under pressure and elevated temperature, i.e. the process conditions and the possible additives such as extenders, lubricants, plasticizers and / or dyes are described in European Patent Application No. 84 300 940.8 (Publ. No. 118 240) and also apply to the present invention.
The term “hydrophilic materials” is to be understood as meaning those hydrophilic materials which are suitable for the production of the containers according to the invention, in particular of pharmaceutical capsules.
"Hydrophilic materials" are polymeric materials such as gelatin; vegetable proteins such as sunflower, cottonseed, peanut, rapeseed proteins; Blood proteins; Egg proteins; acylated derivatives of the aforementioned proteins; Alginates; Lactose; Gum arabic water-soluble derivatives of cellulose, e.g. Hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose; other water soluble carbohydrates, e.g. Agar Agar; water-soluble synthetic polymers such as anionic or cationic polyacrylates, polyvinylpyrrolidones, vinyl acetate; or networked derivatives of the above connections.
"Hydrophilic polymeric materials" are also those with so-called enteric properties, i.e. those polymers that dissolve in aqueous media with a slightly basic pH. Such are e.g. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose phthalate (HMPCP), polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP), cellulose acetyl phthalate (CAP), cationically modified acrylates and methacrylates e.g. with a tertiary or quaternary amino group, such as the optionally quaternized diethylaminoethyl group; Gelatin phthalates; Gelatin succinate and others Gelatin is preferred.
The manufacturing processes for pressure molding such hydrophilic materials, especially for injection molding under elevated pressure and temperature, i.e. the process conditions and the possible additives such as extenders, lubricants, plasticizers and / or dyes are described in European Patent Application No. 8 301 643.9 (Pupl. No. 090 600).
The European patent applications Nos. 84 300 940.8 and 83 301 643.9 details described for the production of such pressure-molded containers, in particular pressure-molded, preferably injection-molded pharmaceutical capsules, also apply to the present invention and are part of the same. In the present invention, pressure-molded containers obtainable in this way, preferably pharmaceutical capsules, are used which are free of undercuts.
The materials mentioned above can be mentioned as possible extenders, i.e. Starch or another of the "hydrophilic materials", which act as additives as a mixing component or extender. However, extenders are also inorganic fillers such as oxides of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, titanium and others. Concentrations of up to 50% are indicated for extenders, preferably 3-10%, based on the weight of all components forming the container wall.
Plasticizers are, for example, polyalkylene oxides, such as polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polyethylene propylene glycols; low molecular weight organic plasticizers such as glycerol, glycerol mono-, di- and triacetate; Propylene glycol, sorbitol, sodium diaethyl sulfosuccinate, triethyl citrate, tributyl citrate and others in a concentration of 0.5-15%, based on the weight of all components.
Dyes are, for example, known azo dyes or organic or inorganic pigments, or naturally occurring dyes. Inorganic pigments, such as the oxides of iron or titanium known per se, are preferred in a concentration of 0.001-10%, preferably 0.5-5%, based on the weight of all components forming the container wall.
The containers formed from starch and / or the other hydrophilic materials preferably have a water content of 10-20%, preferably 12-19% and in particular 14-18%, based on the weight of all components forming the container wall.
The sum of plasticizer and water is preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 20%, based on the weight of all components forming the container wall.
The term "capsules" used in the following also means containers of any kind according to the definition mentioned above.
The special feature of the capsules of the present invention in comparison with EP 84 300 940.8 (118 240) and EP 83 301 643.9 (060 900) is that the capsules of the present invention have no undercuts and therefore also no snap closures of any kind. Preferred capsules are those in which the main part and the closure part can be joined together without deformation. Such capsules are new and the subject of the present invention. Sealed capsules of the present invention preferably have practically the same wall thickness at all points, so that stresses due to different dimensional dynamics are avoided.
Capsules of the present invention are easy to manufacture, fill and seal. However, due to the lack of a snap lock, they can be opened relatively easily or open on their own during further treatment, in particular if the main part and the lock part are joined together with high precision but without deformation. As a rule, the nested surface segments are only 0.5 mm to a maximum of 2 mm high.
It was therefore surprising to find that the capsules do not open if at least one of the contacting surfaces of the main part or the closure part is brought into contact with a sealing liquid before the final closure.
This sealing liquid preferably contains water. This is preferably a mixture of water and an alcohol, preferably one with 1-4 C atoms, preferably ethanol, propanols and butanols, in particular ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, preferably ethanol, in a water / alcohol ratio of 95: 5 to 40 : 60, preferably about 80:20 to 60:40, preferably about 70:30.
Further aqueous sealing agents are, for example, aqueous solutions of sucrose, starch, mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, glycerin and other polyols, glycol, polyglikols of ethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol, known anionic, cationic or amphoteric surface-active agents, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohols , water-soluble anionic or cationic acrylic polymers in a concentration of 0.5-10 percent by weight, preferably 1-4 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the sealing liquid.
The above-mentioned water / ethanol mixture is preferred.
Water alone, for example, causes excessive or imprecise wetting, which results in damage to the contents or the capsule. Due to the high sensitivity of the capsule wall to water, the sealing liquid must allow precise local and quantitative wetting.
Of course, it takes a certain amount of time for a sealing effect to occur. It was therefore surprising to find that the capsules according to the invention could be further processed and packaged without any opening symptoms.
Due to the precise local and metered application of the sealing liquid, an exact and liquid-tight seal is achieved. After sealing, the capsule can only be opened by destruction.
In order to achieve a faster sealing, you can also warm the sealed capsule or the sealing point. Any heat source that does not damage the capsule or its contents can be used, such as convention heat such as heated air; electromagnetic radiation of a suitable frequency, e.g. Microwaves or infrared radiation or ultrasound, the temperature generated being uncritical, provided that the capsule or its contents are not damaged. An acceleration of the sealing by such additional measures is only necessary if necessary. Heating to 30 to 50 ° C is usually sufficient.
The contents can be solid, pasty or liquid. The filling contents for pharmaceutical capsules are known per se and correspond to the substances which are compatible with the capsule wall and which are usually filled into pharmaceutical hard gelatin capsules.
By using the capsules according to the invention and sealing them, there are further unexpected advantages in addition to the elimination of the disadvantages mentioned at the beginning. This enables the wall thickness of the capsule to be greatly reduced, since the mechanical stress due to the snap closure is eliminated. This results in a significantly increased opening and dissolving speed of the capsule in the gastric or intestinal juice as well as a saving in material and better volume utilization of the capsule.
In the figures 1 attached to this description of the invention, the following parts are explained:
1 shows the side view of a capsule according to the invention,
2 shows the longitudinal section of a capsule according to the invention along line II-II in FIG. 1,
3 (a) to (u) show different embodiments of the tension-free closure of the main part with the closure part in accordance with note III in FIG. 2,
4 shows a top view of a filling / sealing machine for the capsules according to the invention,
Fig. 5 shows the wetting station connected to the filling / sealing machine in section, according to the line V-V in Fig. 4 and
Fig. 6 shows a perspective illustration of a filling machine, i.e. 4 with a wetting station.
Fig. 1 shows a plan view of a pressure-molded capsule (20), which in principle can have very different external shapes, as is generally known for containers and in particular for capsules. Fig. 1 is only one of the numerous known outer forms.
FIG. 2 shows the cross section of a capsule (20) according to the invention, the undercut-free closure being specifically indicated with reference to FIG. 3. Closure part (21) and main part (22) are inserted into one another without tension.
3 (a) to (u) show examples of undercut-free closures, the upper section (22) belonging to the closure part and the lower section (24) to the main part, as shown in FIG. 2.
Fig. 4 shows the pattern of a filling machine in horizontal cross section with a sealing station. The storage container (1) is connected to a transport channel (2), which leads the main parts to the main part feed station (3) under vibration. In this main part feed station (3), the main parts are pressed with the opening upwards through the plunger (3a) into the main part holder (5). The main part holder (5) is fixed to the turntable (4). The main parts are then cyclically transported to the filling station (6) by rotating the turntable and filled there with a metered amount of a powder (19), a paste or a liquid from a storage container (6a). The filled main part then moves cyclically to the closing station (7).
In this, the closure parts brought up by the closure part storage container (10) by means of vibration through the transport channel (9) are placed on the main parts by means of the closure part holder (8a) after wetting by the felt (12a). After further transport in cycles, the closed container, in the present case a pharmaceutical capsule, is ejected from the main part holder (5) at the ejection station (11).
Fig. 5 shows a sealing station in horizontal cross section. The closure parts (21) located in the transport channel (9) are picked up by the closure part holder (8a) by means of a vacuum and transported to the positioning and wetting unit (12) by subsequent rotary and vertical movement. The closure part (21) is pressed onto the felt (12a) soaked with sealing liquid (13) by vertical movement of the closure part holder (8a). We align the closure part (21) and wet it with sealing liquid in the overlap area. The sealing liquid is sucked into the felt (12a) by means of capillary action from the container (14), which is kept at the same level with a dropper (15) and an overflow (16).
A subsequent rotary and vertical movement of the closure part holder (8a) brings the closure part (21) to the closure station (7), in which the closure part (21) is pressed onto the main part (22) by vertical movement of the closure part holder (8a). At the same time, the vacuum which holds the closure part (21) in the closure part holder (8a) is removed. The closure part holder (8a) now moves further to the vibrating trough (9) by rotating and vertical movement in order to accommodate a new closure part (21).
The sealing machine described and the sealing station are new and part of this invention. While pharmaceutical hard gelatin capsules are usually delivered in the pre-closed state for the closing machine, the closing part (21) and the main part (22) can be placed in separate storage containers (10) (1) and transported independently of one another to the closing station (7). This means that the parts can be wetted independently before they are closed.
The following examples illustrate the invention:
example 1
The cap of a capsule with the shape of FIG. 1 of the present invention, injection molded from natural wheat starch in accordance with the conditions of EP 84 300 940.8 (118 240), Example 8, is placed with the lip on a fine felt which is sealed with a sealing liquid consisting of 70 Vol.% Water and 30 vol.% Ethanol is soaked, 1.5mm deep, so that the thin lip of the closure part is completely wetted. This locking part is then joined together with the matching main part without tension. The capsule can no longer be opened after 10 minutes. The same result is obtained if the capsule is filled beforehand with a solid, pasty or liquid pharmaceutical composition. The closure is liquid-tight (leak-proof).
Example 2
However, the procedure according to Example 1 is repeated with the addition that it immediately closes the capsule of a heat source as follows: (i) heated air, 35 ° C., 3 minutes, (ii) infrared radiation, 21/2 minutes and (iii) ultrasound , 2 seconds. The capsules can then no longer be opened and are liquid-tight.
Example 3
The cap (closure part) of a gelatin capsule, produced according to the conditions of EP 83 301 643.9 (060 900), example 2 (B-2), with the shape of FIG. 1 of the present invention, is placed with the lip on a plate which carries a 1.0 mm high liquid film of a mixture of water / ethanol (80:20). The cap is then closed with the main part without deformation.
After 15 minutes of storage at room temperature, the capsule can no longer be opened. If a heat source according to Example 2 is subsequently used, the shorter welding times given there are obtained.
In no case could the capsule be opened without destruction after the sealing was completed.
Example 4
The procedures of Examples 1, 2 and 3 were repeated using sealing fluids of the following compositions:
<tb> <TABLE> Columns = 4
<tb> Head Col 01 AL = L: No.
<tb> Head Col 02 AL = L: water
%
<tb> Head Col 03 AL = L: ethanol
%
<tb> Head Col 04 AL = L: Other additives
<tb> <SEP> 1 <SEP> 95 <SEP> 5 <SEP> -
<tb> <SEP> 2 <SEP> 85 <SEP> 15 <SEP> -
<tb> <SEP> 3 <SEP> 60 <SEP> 40 <SEP> -
<tb> <SEP> 4 <SEP> 50 <SEP> 50 <SEP> -
<tb> <SEP> 5 <SEP> 98 <SEP> - <SEP> SLS *, 2%
<tb> <SEP> 6 <SEP> 98 <SEP> - <SEP> glucose, 1%, SLS, 1%
<tb> <SEP> 7 <SEP> 89 <SEP> 10 <SEP> SLS, 1%
<tb> <SEP> 8 <SEP> 60 <SEP> 38 <SEP> SLS, 2%
<tb> <SEP> 9 <SEP> 70 <SEP> 20 <SEP> glucose 5%, SLS 5%
<tb> <SEP> 10 <SEP> 80 <SEP> 16 <SEP> glycerin 4%
SLS = sodium lauryl sulfate
<tb> </TABLE>
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1109/86A CH674800A5 (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1986-03-12 | |
DE19873704992 DE3704992A1 (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-02-17 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR FILLING AND SEALING CONTAINERS WITH A NON-LATCHING FIT |
KR870001318A KR870008675A (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-02-18 | How to fill and seal the vessel as an unlocked joint |
FR878702763A FR2595568B1 (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-02 | METHOD FOR FILLING AND SEALING CONTAINERS WITH UNLOCKED ENGAGEMENT |
BE8700202A BE1000456A3 (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-03 | Process for filling and sealing containers commitment not blocked. |
CA000531120A CA1295246C (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-04 | Process for filling and sealing vessels with a non locking mating |
EG131/87A EG18330A (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-09 | Undercut-free pressure moldings and a process for welding them together |
GB8705664A GB2187703B (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-10 | Process for filling and sealing a non-locking capsule,capsules made by that process and apparatus for use in that process |
CN87101814A CN1013564B (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-11 | Process for filling and sealing vessels with non-locking mating |
BR8701489A BR8701489A (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-11 | PROCESS OF FILLING AND SEALING CONTAINERS WITH NON-BLOCKING JUNCTION, CONTAINERS WITH NON-BLOCKING JUNCTION AND APPLIANCE FOR FILLING AND CLOSING MOLDED CONTAINERS UNDER PRESSURE |
JP62054325A JPH0634806B2 (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-11 | Method of filling and sealing container having non-locking type fitting structure |
IT8747715A IT1207335B (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1987-03-11 | PROCEDURE FOR FILLING AND SEALING CONTAINERS, FOR EXAMPLE PHARMACEUTICAL CAPSULES, WITH NON-LOCKING COUPLING |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1109/86A CH674800A5 (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1986-03-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH674800A5 true CH674800A5 (en) | 1990-07-31 |
Family
ID=4202696
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH1109/86A CH674800A5 (en) | 1986-03-12 | 1986-03-12 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH0634806B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR870008675A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1013564B (en) |
BE (1) | BE1000456A3 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8701489A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1295246C (en) |
CH (1) | CH674800A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3704992A1 (en) |
EG (1) | EG18330A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2595568B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2187703B (en) |
IT (1) | IT1207335B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1528069A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-04 | SWISS CAPS Rechte und Lizenzen AG | Improved materials made of starch |
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IT1207675B (en) * | 1987-04-27 | 1989-05-25 | Mg 2 Spa | PHARMACEUTICAL MACHINE FOR WETTING A COVER TO BE FIXED ON A BOTTOM FILLED FOR EXAMPLE WITH A PRODUCT- |
US5035930A (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1991-07-30 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Biodegradable shaped products and the method of preparation thereof |
US5043196A (en) * | 1989-05-17 | 1991-08-27 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Biodegradable shaped products and the method of preparation thereof |
US5288765A (en) * | 1989-08-03 | 1994-02-22 | Spherilene S.R.L. | Expanded articles of biodegradable plastics materials and a method for their production |
ATE126692T1 (en) * | 1992-05-07 | 1995-09-15 | Senesi Roberto | DEVICE FOR CLOSING TWO-PART CAPSULES. |
IT1260882B (en) * | 1993-06-29 | 1996-04-29 | Ferrero Spa | DEVICE FOR THE ASSEMBLY OF CONTAINERS AND RELATED PROCEDURE |
ATE223692T1 (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 2002-09-15 | Warner Lambert Co | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING CLOSED CAPSULES |
DE29507677U1 (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1995-07-13 | Zimmermann Bruno Maria Dr Med | Cupping vessel |
AU708501B3 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 1999-08-05 | Australian Medical Research Centre | Medication administration means and method of administering medication |
IL147826A0 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2002-08-14 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Multi-component pharmaceutical dosage form |
GB0102342D0 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2001-03-14 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Pharmaceutical formulation |
US7883721B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2011-02-08 | Smithkline Beecham Limited | Pharmaceutical formulation |
US7842308B2 (en) | 2001-01-30 | 2010-11-30 | Smithkline Beecham Limited | Pharmaceutical formulation |
ITBO20010053A1 (en) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-02 | Ima Spa | METHOD FOR SEALING TREATMENT OF HARD JELLY CAPSULES |
EP1459725B1 (en) * | 2003-03-21 | 2007-10-17 | Warner-Lambert Company LLC | Apparatus for and method of sealing capsules |
TW200526274A (en) | 2003-07-21 | 2005-08-16 | Smithkline Beecham Plc | Pharmaceutical formulations |
TW201240679A (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2012-10-16 | Capsugel Belgium Nv | Pharmaceutical formulations |
JP2006022028A (en) * | 2004-07-07 | 2006-01-26 | Sansho Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Band sealant for hard capsule |
ES2396004T3 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2013-02-18 | Capsugel Belgium Nv | Method and apparatus for manufacturing filling linkers |
WO2009050192A1 (en) | 2007-10-15 | 2009-04-23 | Glaxo Group Limited | Paneled capsule shells for release of pharmaceutical compositions |
FR2930475B1 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2010-05-21 | Cinqpats | METHOD OF SOLDING COLLAR AND TANK BODIES OF A PLASTIC CONTAINER AND CONTAINER COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE RESERVOIR SOLD BY THIS PROCESS |
US9670437B2 (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2017-06-06 | Monosol, Llc | Water-soluble delayed release capsules, related methods, and related articles |
US9920429B2 (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2018-03-20 | Raytheon Company | Method for manufacturing polymer-metal composite structural component |
US20160151965A1 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-02 | Raytheon Company | Coupling Components to One Another Utilizing Electromagnetic Energy |
CN105498991B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-05-11 | 江苏力凡胶囊有限公司 | The apparatus and method of hard shell capsules sealing fluid spraying |
CN106566442A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-04-19 | 天长市永泰密封材料有限公司 | Dustproof stain-resistant container water-based sealant and preparation method thereof |
AU2017371180B2 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2023-05-11 | R.P. Scherer Technologies, Llc | A method to relieve stress in capsule shells to reduce propensity to break |
JP6934806B2 (en) | 2017-11-02 | 2021-09-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | Display device, control method of display device |
CN111449961B (en) * | 2020-04-09 | 2022-01-28 | 镇江巨杰新材料技术研发中心(有限合伙) | Bio-pharmaceuticals capsule filling device |
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GB818365A (en) * | 1955-06-16 | 1959-08-12 | Scherer Corp R P | Improvements in or relating to method of making capsules and capsules resulting fromsaid method |
US4403461A (en) * | 1980-02-29 | 1983-09-13 | Automatisme Et Technique | Device for sealing hard gelatin capsules and for packing a liquid product dose in the thus sealed capsule |
EG16028A (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1986-12-30 | Warner Lambert Co | Apparatus and method for molding capsules |
ATE27546T1 (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1987-06-15 | Warner Lambert Co | COUNTERFEIT-PROOF CAPSULES. |
JPS59105455A (en) * | 1982-11-23 | 1984-06-18 | ワ−ナ−・ランバ−ト・カンパニ− | Apparatus and method for sealing capsule |
EP0116744A1 (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1984-08-29 | Warner-Lambert Company | Apparatus for and method of sealing capsules |
US4656066A (en) * | 1982-12-20 | 1987-04-07 | Warner-Lambert Company | Apparatus and method for sealing capsules |
US4539060A (en) * | 1983-02-18 | 1985-09-03 | Warner-Lambert Company | Apparatus and method of sealing capsules |
BG46154A3 (en) * | 1983-02-18 | 1989-10-16 | Warner Lambert Co | Method for preparing of capsules |
JPS59174158A (en) * | 1983-03-24 | 1984-10-02 | エーザイ株式会社 | Method and apparatus for sealing body and cap of gelatin hard capsule |
US4820364A (en) * | 1983-05-23 | 1989-04-11 | Capsulbond Incorporated | Method for sealing capsules |
ATE32560T1 (en) * | 1983-06-13 | 1988-03-15 | Capsulbond Inc | DEVICE FOR CLOSING CAPSULES. |
US4581875A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1986-04-15 | Cosden Technology, Inc. | Process for forming tamper-resistant tamper-indicative capsules |
AU3188884A (en) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-03-07 | Cosden Technology Inc. | Forming tamper-resistant tamper-indicative capsules |
CH664938A5 (en) * | 1983-10-20 | 1988-04-15 | Warner Lambert Co | PRINTED ARTICLES. |
-
1986
- 1986-03-12 CH CH1109/86A patent/CH674800A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1987
- 1987-02-17 DE DE19873704992 patent/DE3704992A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-02-18 KR KR870001318A patent/KR870008675A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-03-02 FR FR878702763A patent/FR2595568B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-03 BE BE8700202A patent/BE1000456A3/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-03-04 CA CA000531120A patent/CA1295246C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-09 EG EG131/87A patent/EG18330A/en active
- 1987-03-10 GB GB8705664A patent/GB2187703B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-03-11 JP JP62054325A patent/JPH0634806B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-03-11 BR BR8701489A patent/BR8701489A/en active Search and Examination
- 1987-03-11 CN CN87101814A patent/CN1013564B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-03-11 IT IT8747715A patent/IT1207335B/en active
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1528069A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-04 | SWISS CAPS Rechte und Lizenzen AG | Improved materials made of starch |
WO2005047341A1 (en) * | 2003-10-29 | 2005-05-26 | Swiss Caps Rechte Und Lizenzen Ag | Improved materials made of polysaccharides |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE1000456A3 (en) | 1988-12-13 |
CA1295246C (en) | 1992-02-04 |
GB2187703A (en) | 1987-09-16 |
FR2595568A1 (en) | 1987-09-18 |
EG18330A (en) | 1992-10-30 |
IT8747715A0 (en) | 1987-03-11 |
DE3704992A1 (en) | 1987-09-24 |
CN87101814A (en) | 1987-12-30 |
GB2187703B (en) | 1990-10-24 |
BR8701489A (en) | 1988-01-05 |
JPS62270160A (en) | 1987-11-24 |
KR870008675A (en) | 1987-10-20 |
CN1013564B (en) | 1991-08-21 |
JPH0634806B2 (en) | 1994-05-11 |
IT1207335B (en) | 1989-05-17 |
FR2595568B1 (en) | 1991-08-16 |
GB8705664D0 (en) | 1987-04-15 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PL | Patent ceased |