CA3114595A1 - Monitoring system for tracking vehicles - Google Patents

Monitoring system for tracking vehicles Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA3114595A1
CA3114595A1 CA3114595A CA3114595A CA3114595A1 CA 3114595 A1 CA3114595 A1 CA 3114595A1 CA 3114595 A CA3114595 A CA 3114595A CA 3114595 A CA3114595 A CA 3114595A CA 3114595 A1 CA3114595 A1 CA 3114595A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
machine
monitoring system
vehicle
readable codes
vehicles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CA3114595A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Samy Gharb
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA3114595A1 publication Critical patent/CA3114595A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07BTICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • G07B15/06Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems
    • G07B15/063Arrangements for road pricing or congestion charging of vehicles or vehicle users, e.g. automatic toll systems using wireless information transmission between the vehicle and a fixed station
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/06009Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
    • G06K19/06018Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking one-dimensional coding
    • G06K19/06028Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking one-dimensional coding using bar codes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/14Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation using light without selection of wavelength, e.g. sensing reflected white light
    • G06K7/1404Methods for optical code recognition
    • G06K7/1408Methods for optical code recognition the method being specifically adapted for the type of code
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07BTICKET-ISSUING APPARATUS; FARE-REGISTERING APPARATUS; FRANKING APPARATUS
    • G07B15/00Arrangements or apparatus for collecting fares, tolls or entrance fees at one or more control points
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07CTIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00Individual registration on entry or exit
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/01Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
    • G08G1/04Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using optical or ultrasonic detectors

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a monitoring system for tracking vehicles, e.g. cars, buses or yachts, comprising optical reading devices that are configured to acquire machine-readable codes which are mounted on vehicles, in particular on the vehicle license plates. The invention further relates to a method for monitoring vehicles as well as to a license plate for use in a method of the invention.

Description

Monitoring system for tracking vehicles The invention relates to a monitoring system for tracking vehicles, for example cars, buses or yachts.
The use of such a system will allow monitoring of vehicles of all kinds, especially cars, buses or yachts, and also allow indirect monitoring of persons inside such vehicles and allow tracking of their routes. Technical equipment will hereby be used to capture the position of such vehicles. It will, in particular, be possible to determine times of entry or exit of such vehicles into/out of cities or countries or times spent driving on motorways, other roads or waterways.
Monitoring systems known to prior art are, however, relatively cumbersome and slow. The aim of the invention therefore is to provide a simple and fast method of capturing and tracking vehicles of all kinds.
The invention thus provides for a monitoring system for tracking of vehicles such as cars, buses or yachts, comprising optical reading devices that are designed to capture machine-readable codes mounted on vehicles, in particular on the number plates of vehicles. The monitoring system thus comprises at least one optical reading device and a machine-readable code affixed to a vehicle.
The present invention allows machine-readable codes printed, for example, on number plates, to be quickly read at ranges up to 21 meters everywhere, using optical reading devices, in particular standard or long-range (bar)code scanners for quick checks on road traffic or in water . The flow of traffic will thus not be interrupted Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26
2 and cars with fake or stolen number plates will be quick and easy to seize.
If the machine-readable code(s) is/are arranged on one or more numberplates, the system according to the invention also includes the number plates.
Machine readable codes, especially barcodes, will in a preferred version of the invention be printed on vehicle number plates.
Printing codes on vehicles is prior art and relatively inexpensive.
Such codes may alternatively also be affixed to vehicles in other ways, especially on number plates. The codes or code data will, in a preferred version of the invention, be stored in an electronic database and will preferentially comprise a uniquely assigned vehicle number, especially the official vehicle identification code.
In order to prevent or make it more difficult to forge the codes, the data of the machine-readable codes are preferably encrypted.
Machine-readable codes, especially barcodes 2D codes (e.g.
Datamatrix or QR-codes) or 3D-Codes, may be read automatically using scanners, wherein the machine-readable code will represent the data (information) by the arrangement and width of lines or fields and spaces.
Barcodes and 2D codes are normally captured using special scanners and devices with translation software which will convert such information into human readable symbols, in particular letters or digits. Corresponding applications on mobile phones or other Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26
3 portable electronic devices may alternatively also be used to capture such codes.
Especially one-dimensional barcodes are widely available in the form of application software for businesses and controllers, wherein staff are enabled to check work assignments, track their hours of work and check on specific goods.
Code scanners are able to read codes better and faster than people in many areas, e.g. in warehouses, supermarkets and hotels. These code scanners may be connected to a computer either by cable or preferably wireless, e.g. via Bluetooth, for further processing of the scanner data. Wireless scanners are particularly advantageous where the distance to the user is far and/or in labyrinthine conditions.
Standard barcode scanners are designed to read barcodes near the scanner and are used, for instance, in retail business, the health sector and in offices to check and manage inventories. Long-range scanners (with ranges up to 21 meters), on the other hand, are particularly useful in areas where codes are hard to access, e.g.
in warehouses, courtyards or in manufacturing plant. Long-range code scanners will, for example, enable staff to scan codes affixed to goods on a high shelf or goods on a forklift loading platform without needing to position the scanner close to such codes.
According to the invention, the use of a long-distance scanner enables a code to be read out from a further distance, for example by scanners positioned on the roadside.
The long-range descriptor does not imply that such code scanners will not be just as effective at close range. Devices operating Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26
4 as effectively as possible at distances of a few centimetres to 21 metres (ca. 70 feet) are here preferred.
According to the invention, especially car and vehicle number plates with machine-readable codes, barcodes in particular, are provided for. This implies barcode numberplates which can be read by standard or long-range code scanners everywhere, even at ranges up to 21 metres. This enables fast, reliable and easy recognition of vehicles via their machine-readable code and checks on their information. This will render falsification and abuse of number plates much more difficult, especially if number plates are uniquely assigned to a vehicle.
The present invention is particularly advantageous since standard or long-range (bar)code scanners will allow fast monitoring and inspection of cars and other vehicles without disrupting traffic, because vehicles do not need to be stopped for monitoring.
On one hand, the system according to the invention may be used to check and control vehicles and their identification, especially for their validity.
On the other hand, using standard or long-range (bar) code scanners and associated computers, the system according to the invention will also, together with systems for electronic payment of road tolls, allow automatic monitoring and tracking of vehicles entering, for instance, a city. The recorded data on vehicle movements may then be used to determine and settle due charges via conventional payment systems. The use of stationary code scanners located, for instance, at entrances to cities would here be preferred. The invention will furthermore allow faster and more Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26 efficient levying of parking tickets if parking supervisory authorities are equipped with mobile code scanners to simply scan in a vehicle's code to produce a parking ticket, as needed.
In a preferred implementation of the invention, scanning of a code would trigger immediate payment, especially in terms of toll fees or parking tickets. Vehicle identification codes may, for instance, be linked to the settlement account of the owner of a vehicle via a central database. The code will be captured via a scanner and preferentially transmitted to a control unit together with information such as the relevant time and place of the event. Fees will there be calculated based on the scanned code and debited to, for instance, the settlement account. The system may also include sending confirmation of payment to the mobile phone (or other electronic device) of the owner of the car. The owner of the car will in this way receive immediate confirmation of payment.
Confirmation may, for instance, be by e-mail or text message.
Rescue teams or family members will, furthermore, in the event of an accident involving a coded vehicle, be able to establish the location of the owner of a vehicle based on the most recently captured machine readable code of that vehicle. This will facilitate determining the approximate location of the vehicle when the accident occurred. In this case, preferably data such as the time and the location of a scanner detection are stored in the electronic database. Preferably, the electronic database here includes all recordings of a code, as a result of which a movement profile of the vehicle can be created. Each individual scanner can be connected to a computer on which the electronic database is stored, either using a cable or wirelessly. The data are preferably Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26 transmitted to the electronic database automatically after a scanning process.
The system should, in a preferred implementation of the invention, include the following components: a main computer, identification number plate with a machine readable code, an optical reading device, in particular a standard or long-range code scanner, a payment system for toll road charges, a terminal for bank payments, an office scanner, a mobile phone assigned to a receiver, a mobile modem for transmission of datasets and a control unit. These components will allow electronic registration of toll road payments and thereby enable electronic monitoring and processing of roads of entry to and exit from a city. Codes may be registered on the main computer and assigned, for instance, to the driver's licence of the vehicle owner. Identification codes will, in operation, be captured by a scanner and sent to the toll road payment system. Confirmation of payments may be sent to the mobile phone of the vehicle owner.
A preferred embodiment of the invention would furthermore include a dataset with at least the phone number of a competent police station and a confirmation of payments.
The system should, in a preferred implementation of the invention, be designed to regularly transmit its dataset via the control unit.
It is further preferred that at least one optical reader is designed as a stationary reader and preferably at least one optical reader is designed as a mobile, preferably portable, reader.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, more than one Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26 machine-readable code, for example two or three machine-readable codes, are arranged on the vehicle. Furthermore, preferably there are two different codes, for example a barcode and a 2D code, which preferably have essentially the same data (the same information) , as a particular unique vehicle identifier. Also, this creates a redundant system in which only one of several codes has to be readable, while the others may be dirty or damaged. Furthermore, the counterfeiting security is increased because two codes have to be counterfeited at the same time.
Preferably, several, for example two or three, machine-readable codes are arranged on a number plate in different areas of the number plate.
In accordance with the invention, a method to monitor vehicles such as cars, buses or yachts, wherein optical reading devices capture machine-readable codes affixed to vehicles, in particular to vehicle number plates, is also provided.
According to the invention, further a number plate is provided, comprising at least one machine-readable code.
Here, it is preferably provided that the number plate has at least two machine-readable codes, which are preferably different from each other.
The invention will be explained in more detail below, based on a drawing depicting a schematic embodiment of the invention. In this drawing, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the components of a system in accordance with the invention, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show exemplary Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26 flow diagrams of a system in accordance with the invention and Fig.
number plates according to the invention.
Fig. 1 shows examples of different number plates 1 with a machine readable code 2, e.g. a barcode. The barcode should preferably be printed on the number plates. Also shown is an optical reading device 3 deployable within the framework of the invention, a mobile phone with a scanning application and a server 4 to communicate with the mobile phone.
Fig. 2 shows more components of the monitoring system. The system comprises a main computer 5, a vehicle identification plate with a machine readable code 2, an optical reading device, embodied as a standard or long-range barcode scanner 3, a toll road payment system 6, a terminal for bank payments 7, an office scanner 8, a mobile phone 9, a mobile modem for transmission of a dataset 10 and a control unit 11. Connecting lines 12, 13 and 14 are also shown.
These components will allow electronic registration of toll road payments, in this way to allow electronic monitoring and processing of entries and exits to and from cities. The invention makes particular provision for the vehicle code to be communicated to the official register of drivers' licences and the fee payment system.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 shows an overview schematic of the control unit 11 (Fig. 2) .
It comprises opening and closing, including data in Block 1 to Block 6 (Q1 to Q6) .
Block 1: The mobile modem line opens to transmit information.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26 Block 2: A message with data is transmitted as receipt of payment of the toll road fee, including place, time and date, vehicle number and its code as printed on the licence. The information is processed by a fee payment system.
Block 3: Mobile modem OK.
Block 4: Information for the driver, including the fee and the phone number of the traffic police for the motorway section is transmitted to the mobile phone.
Block 5: Transmit Block 6: The mobile modem connection is closed.
The functions are summarised in the Table below.
Q1: Opening of the mobile modem connection 1 second ¨ 1.50 seconds Q2 Message with data and image of fee payment process 3 seconds ¨ 1.50 seconds Q3 Mobile modem OK
4 seconds ¨ 1.50 seconds Q4 The information for the driver, the fee, and the phone number of the traffic police for the motorway section is transmitted to the mobile phone.
seconds ¨ 1.50 seconds 7 seconds ¨ 1.50 seconds Q6 closes the mobile modem.
9 seconds ¨1.50 seconds Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26 In Fig. 5, a number plate 1 with a machine-readable code 2 formed as a barcode is shown above, while in a below part a number plate 1 with a barcode 2 as well as an additional 2D code 2 is shown.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-03-26

Claims (13)

Patent claims
1. Monitoring system for vehicle tracking, for example cars, buses or yachts, comprising optical reading devices (3) that are designed to capture machine-readable codes (2) wherein the machine-readable codes (2) are affixed to vehicles, in particular to the number plates of the vehicles.
2. Monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the data of the machine-readable codes (2) are encrypted.
3. Monitoring system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the machine-readable codes (2) or the data of the machine-readable codes (2) are stored in an electronic database and preferably comprise a number uniquely assigned to the vehicle, in particular the registration number of the vehicle.
4. Monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that the time and location of a detection by an optical reader (3) are stored in the electronic database.
5. Monitoring system according to any one of claim 1 to 4, characterised in that a system is provided comprising a main computer (5), a number plate with a machine-readable code (2), in particular a barcode, an optical reading device (3), in particular a standard or long-range scanner, a payment system for toll road fees (6), a terminal for bank payments (7), an office scanner (8), a mobile phone (9) assigned to a receiver, a mobile modem for transmission of a dataset (10) and a control unit (11).
6. Monitoring system according to claim 5, characterised in that the dataset includes at least the phone number of a competent police station and a receipt for payment of the fee.
7. Monitoring system according to claim 5 or 6, characterised in that the system is designed to routinely transmit the dataset via the control unit (11).
8. Monitoring system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one optical reader (3) is designed as a stationary reader and preferably at least one optical reader (3) is designed as a mobile reader.
9. Monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that more than one machine-readable code (2) is arranged on the vehicle.
10. Monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that two different machine-readable codes (2) are arranged on the vehicle, which preferably have substantially the same data, in particular a unique vehicle identifier.
11. Method for monitoring of vehicles, e.g. cars, buses or yachts, wherein machine-readable codes (2) are captured by optical reading devices (3), wherein the machine-readable codes (2) are affixed to vehicles, in particular included on vehicle number plates (1).
12. A number plate for use in a method according to claim 11, comprising at least one machine-readable code (2).
13. Number plate according to claim 12, characterized in that the number plate (1) has at least two machine-readable codes (2) , which are preferably different from each other.
CA3114595A 2018-10-25 2019-10-23 Monitoring system for tracking vehicles Pending CA3114595A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EG2018001694 2018-10-25
EG1694/2018 2018-10-25
ATA50687/2019 2019-07-30
ATA50687/2019A AT521875B1 (en) 2018-10-25 2019-07-30 Monitoring system for tracking vehicles, e.g. cars, buses or yachts
PCT/IB2019/059055 WO2020084513A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2019-10-23 Monitoring system for tracking vehicles

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA3114595A1 true CA3114595A1 (en) 2020-04-30

Family

ID=68387366

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA3114595A Pending CA3114595A1 (en) 2018-10-25 2019-10-23 Monitoring system for tracking vehicles

Country Status (13)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3762902B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2022505660A (en)
KR (2) KR20220070048A (en)
AT (1) AT521875B1 (en)
CA (1) CA3114595A1 (en)
DK (1) DK3762902T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2937943T3 (en)
FI (1) FI3762902T3 (en)
HR (1) HRP20230295T1 (en)
LT (1) LT3762902T (en)
PT (1) PT3762902T (en)
RS (1) RS64096B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2020084513A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19836087A1 (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-03 Mannesmann Ag Monitoring method for correct operation of vehicular debiting equipment, stores location data input against satellite navigation data for later comparison by supervisory unit to eliminate possibility of fraudulent activity
US7600683B2 (en) * 2000-08-10 2009-10-13 Paul A. Firestone System and method for identifying vehicles and collecting fees for vehicle uses of land-ways, sea-ways and air-ways
US6832728B2 (en) * 2001-03-26 2004-12-21 Pips Technology, Inc. Remote indicia reading system
DE10243492B4 (en) * 2002-06-21 2008-09-25 Daimler Ag Billing system for fees
DE202010006825U1 (en) * 2010-05-14 2011-09-07 Jochen Friedle Car license plate
DE102010029811A1 (en) * 2010-06-08 2011-12-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for outputting recovery-relevant information and system
TWM409202U (en) * 2011-01-14 2011-08-11 Weistech Technology Co Ltd Identification card with multiple information access media
US20120323763A1 (en) * 2011-06-15 2012-12-20 Joseph Michael Systems and methods for monitoring and managing transportation infrastructure and locations of vehicles therein
DE102011053052B3 (en) * 2011-08-26 2013-02-28 Jenoptik Robot Gmbh Method and device for identifying motor vehicles for traffic monitoring
US9224058B2 (en) * 2013-04-05 2015-12-29 Xerox Corporation Data augmentation method and system for improved automatic license plate recognition
CN204249939U (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-08 欧洋 There is the vehicle backing backsight camera that scale accurate distance shows integrated Laser fog lamp
EP3113118B1 (en) * 2015-07-03 2023-12-13 Toll Collect GmbH Method for tracking vehicles which are liable for a toll in a toll system and toll system for same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT521875A3 (en) 2021-03-15
AT521875A2 (en) 2020-05-15
EP3762902B1 (en) 2023-01-04
RS64096B1 (en) 2023-04-28
HRP20230295T1 (en) 2023-04-28
KR20220070048A (en) 2022-05-27
DK3762902T3 (en) 2023-02-20
JP2022505660A (en) 2022-01-14
FI3762902T3 (en) 2023-04-17
AT521875B1 (en) 2021-07-15
LT3762902T (en) 2023-04-11
KR20210081340A (en) 2021-07-01
ES2937943T3 (en) 2023-04-03
EP3762902A1 (en) 2021-01-13
WO2020084513A1 (en) 2020-04-30
PT3762902T (en) 2023-02-16
KR102502719B1 (en) 2023-02-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES2397995T3 (en) Electronic vehicle identification
US7843321B2 (en) Vehicle violation enforcement system and method
US20050088320A1 (en) System for registering and tracking vehicles
EP2011091B1 (en) Parking environment management system and method
KR100848145B1 (en) Catching system of illegal cars using vehicle registration card
AU2002219167B2 (en) Control method for use in a toll determination system
US20110246210A1 (en) Traffic monitoring system
KR20060088085A (en) System for expose a unlawful parking of a handicapped person's private parking zone
ZA200501990B (en) Vehicle indentification system
EP1860616A1 (en) System for monitoring and administration of a parking facility
CN1797468A (en) System and method for managing traffic information
CA3114595A1 (en) Monitoring system for tracking vehicles
RU2785196C1 (en) Tracking system for tracking vehicles
Bhavke et al. Smart weight based toll collection & vehicle detection during collision using RFID
KR102483071B1 (en) System for monitoring people
JP2005182502A (en) Monitoring/management system for resource, waste, or product
Nakanishi et al. Ensuring the security of transportation facilities: evaluation of advanced vehicle identification technologies
Kamble et al. Check post and Toll Tax Collection using RFID
Mohite et al. Automatic Toll Collection System based on Embedded system LINUX
KR100617440B1 (en) Parking managing system for towed vehicles station and parking managing method thereof
GB2399923A (en) Vehicle location system
NL1036995C2 (en) REGISTRATION AND / OR CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DETECTION AND / OR IDENTIFICATION AT THE LOCATION OF OBJECTS.
GB2494913A (en) Charging for goods or services used by vehicle or vehicle user
Deshmukh et al. QR Code Based Automated Toll Collection System
Sutar et al. Security Based Electronic Toll Collection Using NFC and Android Application

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20231024

EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20231024

EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20231024

EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20231024

EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20231024