CA2819436A1 - Combination therapy of an afucosylated cd20 antibody with a mdm2 inhibitor - Google Patents
Combination therapy of an afucosylated cd20 antibody with a mdm2 inhibitor Download PDFInfo
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- CA2819436A1 CA2819436A1 CA2819436A CA2819436A CA2819436A1 CA 2819436 A1 CA2819436 A1 CA 2819436A1 CA 2819436 A CA2819436 A CA 2819436A CA 2819436 A CA2819436 A CA 2819436A CA 2819436 A1 CA2819436 A1 CA 2819436A1
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- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
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Abstract
The present invention is directed to the combination therapy of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with a MDM2 inhibitor for the treatment of cancer, especially to the combination therapy of CD20 expressing cancers with an afucosylated humanized B-Ly1 antibody and a MDM2 inhibitor.
Description
Combination therapy of an afucosylated CD20 antibody with a MDM2 inhibitor The present invention is directed to the combination therapy of an afucosylated CD20 antibody with a MDM2 inhibitor for the treatment of cancer.
Background of the Invention Afucosylated antibodies Cell-mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies can be enhanced by engineering their oligosaccharide component as described in Umalia, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180; and US 6,602,684. IgG1 type antibodies, the most commonly used antibodies in cancer immunotherapy, are glycoproteins that have a conserved N-linked glycosylation site at Asn297 in each CH2 domain.
The two complex biantennary oligosaccharides attached to Asn297 are buried between the CH2 domains, forming extensive contacts with the polypeptide backbone, and their presence is essential for the antibody to mediate effector functions such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (Lifely, M.R., et al., Glycobiology 5 (1995) 813-822; Jefferis, R., et al., Immunol. Rev. 163 (1998) 59-76; Wright, A., and Morrison, S.L., Trends Biotechnol. 15 (1997) 26-32). Umalia, P., et al.. Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180 and WO 99/154342 showed that overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells of 13(1,4)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III ("GnTIII"), a glycosyltransferase catalyzing the formation of bisected oligosaccharides, significantly increases the in vitro ADCC
activity of antibodies. Alterations in the composition of the N297 carbohydrate or its elimination affect also binding to Fc binding to FcyR and Cl q (Umalia, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180; Davies, J., et al., Biotechnol.
Bioeng. 74 (2001) 288-294; Mimura, Y., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 45539-45547;
Radaev, S., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 16478-16483; Shields, R.L., et al., J.
Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 6591-6604; Shields, R.L., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 26733-26740; Simmons, L.C., et al., J. Immunol. Methods 263 (2002) 133-147).
Studies discussing the activities of afucosylated and fucosylated antibodies, including anti-CD20 antibodies, have been reported (e.g., Iida, S., et al., Clin.
Cancer Res. 12 (2006) 2879-2887; Natsume, A., et al., J. Immunol. Methods 306 (2005) 93-103; Satoh, M., et al., Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 6 (2006) 1161-1173;
Background of the Invention Afucosylated antibodies Cell-mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies can be enhanced by engineering their oligosaccharide component as described in Umalia, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180; and US 6,602,684. IgG1 type antibodies, the most commonly used antibodies in cancer immunotherapy, are glycoproteins that have a conserved N-linked glycosylation site at Asn297 in each CH2 domain.
The two complex biantennary oligosaccharides attached to Asn297 are buried between the CH2 domains, forming extensive contacts with the polypeptide backbone, and their presence is essential for the antibody to mediate effector functions such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (Lifely, M.R., et al., Glycobiology 5 (1995) 813-822; Jefferis, R., et al., Immunol. Rev. 163 (1998) 59-76; Wright, A., and Morrison, S.L., Trends Biotechnol. 15 (1997) 26-32). Umalia, P., et al.. Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180 and WO 99/154342 showed that overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells of 13(1,4)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III ("GnTIII"), a glycosyltransferase catalyzing the formation of bisected oligosaccharides, significantly increases the in vitro ADCC
activity of antibodies. Alterations in the composition of the N297 carbohydrate or its elimination affect also binding to Fc binding to FcyR and Cl q (Umalia, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180; Davies, J., et al., Biotechnol.
Bioeng. 74 (2001) 288-294; Mimura, Y., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 45539-45547;
Radaev, S., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 16478-16483; Shields, R.L., et al., J.
Biol. Chem. 276 (2001) 6591-6604; Shields, R.L., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 277 (2002) 26733-26740; Simmons, L.C., et al., J. Immunol. Methods 263 (2002) 133-147).
Studies discussing the activities of afucosylated and fucosylated antibodies, including anti-CD20 antibodies, have been reported (e.g., Iida, S., et al., Clin.
Cancer Res. 12 (2006) 2879-2887; Natsume, A., et al., J. Immunol. Methods 306 (2005) 93-103; Satoh, M., et al., Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 6 (2006) 1161-1173;
Kanda, Y., et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 94 (2006) 680-688; Davies, J., et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 74 (2001) 288-294.
CD20 and anti CD20 antibodies The CD20 molecule (also called human B-lymphocyte-restricted differentiation antigen or Bp35) is a hydrophobic transmembrane protein located on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes that has been described extensively (Valentine, M.A., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 11282-11287; and Einfeld, D.A., et al., EMBO J. 7 (1988) 711-717; Tedder, T.F., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (1988) 212; Stamenkovic, I., et al., J. Exp. Med. 167 (1988) 1975-1980; Tedder, T.F., et al., J. Immunol. 142 (1989) 2560-2568). CD20 is expressed on greater than 90 %
of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) (Anderson, K.C., et al., Blood 63 (1984) 1424-1433) but is not found on hematopoietic stem cells, pro-B cells, normal plasma cells, or other normal tissues (Tedder, T.F., et al., J, Immunol. 135 (1985) 973- 979).
There exist two different types of anti-CD20 antibodies differing significantly in their mode of CD20 binding and biological activities (Cragg, M.S., et al., Blood 103 (2004) 2738-2743; and Cragg, M.S., et al., Blood 101 (2003) 1045-1052).
Type I antibodies, as, e.g., rituximab (a non-afucosylated antibody with an amount of fucose of 85 % or higher), are potent in complement mediated cytotoxicity.
Type II antibodies, as e.g. Tositumomab (B1), 11B8, AT80 or humanized B-Ly 1 antibodies, effectively initiate target cell death via caspase-independent apoptosis with concomitant phosphatidylserine exposure.
The sharing common features of type I and type II anti-CD20 antibodies are summarized in Table 1.
CD20 and anti CD20 antibodies The CD20 molecule (also called human B-lymphocyte-restricted differentiation antigen or Bp35) is a hydrophobic transmembrane protein located on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes that has been described extensively (Valentine, M.A., et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 11282-11287; and Einfeld, D.A., et al., EMBO J. 7 (1988) 711-717; Tedder, T.F., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (1988) 212; Stamenkovic, I., et al., J. Exp. Med. 167 (1988) 1975-1980; Tedder, T.F., et al., J. Immunol. 142 (1989) 2560-2568). CD20 is expressed on greater than 90 %
of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) (Anderson, K.C., et al., Blood 63 (1984) 1424-1433) but is not found on hematopoietic stem cells, pro-B cells, normal plasma cells, or other normal tissues (Tedder, T.F., et al., J, Immunol. 135 (1985) 973- 979).
There exist two different types of anti-CD20 antibodies differing significantly in their mode of CD20 binding and biological activities (Cragg, M.S., et al., Blood 103 (2004) 2738-2743; and Cragg, M.S., et al., Blood 101 (2003) 1045-1052).
Type I antibodies, as, e.g., rituximab (a non-afucosylated antibody with an amount of fucose of 85 % or higher), are potent in complement mediated cytotoxicity.
Type II antibodies, as e.g. Tositumomab (B1), 11B8, AT80 or humanized B-Ly 1 antibodies, effectively initiate target cell death via caspase-independent apoptosis with concomitant phosphatidylserine exposure.
The sharing common features of type I and type II anti-CD20 antibodies are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1: Properties of type I and type!! anti-CD20 antibodies type I anti-CD20 antibodies type II anti-CD20 antibodies type I CD20 epitope type II CD20 epitope Localize CD20 to lipid rafts Do not localize CD20 to lipid rafts Increased CDC (if IgG1 isotype) Decreased CDC (if IgG1 isotype) ADCC activity (if IgG1 isotype) ADCC activity (if IgG1 isotype) Full binding capacity Reduced binding capacity Homotypic aggregation Stronger homotypic aggregation Apoptosis induction upon cross-Strong cell death induction without linking cross-linking MDM2 and MDM2 inhibitors MDM2 (synomyms: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 p53 binding protein) is a p53-associated protein (Oliner, J.D., et al., Nature 358 (1992) 80-83; Momand, J., et al, Cell 69 (1992) 1237-1245; Chen, J., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 4114; and Bueso-Ramos, C.E., et al., Blood 82 (1993) 2617-2623). It is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds and inhibits transactivation by tumor protein p53, as part of an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. Overexpression of this gene or the protein can result in excessive inactivation of tumor protein p53, diminishing its tumor suppressor function. This protein has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which targets tumor protein p53 for proteasomal degradation. This protein also affects the cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis through interactions with other proteins, including retinoblastoma 1 and ribosomal protein L5. More than 40 different alternatively spliced transcript variants have been isolated from both tumor and normal tissues.
The protein p53 is a tumor suppresser protein that plays a central role in protection against development of cancer. It guards cellular integrity and prevents the propagation of permanently damaged clones of cells by the induction of growth arrest or apoptosis. At the molecular level, p53 is a transcription factor that can activate a panel of genes implicated in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.
p53 is a potent cell cycle inhibitor which is tightly regulated by MDM2 at the cellular level. MDM2 and p53 form a feedback control loop. MDM2 can bind p53 and inhibit its ability to transactivate p53-regulated genes. In addition, mediates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of p53. p53 can activate the expression of the MDM2 gene, thus raising the cellular level of MDM2 protein.
This feedback control loop insures that both MDM2 and p53 are kept at a low level in normal proliferating cells. MDM2 is also a cofactor for E2F, which plays a central role in cell cycle regulation. The ratio of MDM2 to p53 (E2F) is dysregulated in many cancers. Frequently occurring molecular defects in the p16INK4/p19ARF locus, for instance, have been shown to affect MDM2 protein degradation. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction in tumor cells with wild-type p53 should lead to accumulation of p53, cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. MDM2 antagonists, therefore, can offer a novel approach to cancer therapy as single agents or in combination with a broad spectrum of other antitumor therapies.
The feasibility of this strategy has been shown by the use of different macromolecular tools for inhibition of MDM2- p53 interaction (e.g. antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, peptides). MDM2 also binds E2F through a conserved binding region as p53 and activates E2F dependent transcription of cyclin A, suggesting that MDM2 antagonists might have effects in p53 mutant cells.
MDM2 inhibitors are agents that inhibit the MDM2-p53 interaction. Besides of peptides and antibodies, several classes of small-molecule inhibitors with distinct chemical structures have now been reported (Shangary, S., et al., Annu. Rev.
Pharmacol. Toxicol. 49 (2008) 223-241). These are derivatives of cis-imidazoline (see e.g. Vassilev, L.T., et al., Science 303 (2004) 844-848 or WO 03/051359, WO
2007/063013, WO 2009/047161 or US Patent Application No. 12/939,234), spiro-oxindole (Ding, K., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 10130-10131;
Shangary, S., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 3933-3938; Ding, K., et al., J.
Med. Chem. 49 (2006) 3432-3435; Shangary, S., et al., Mol Cancer Ther. 7 (2008) 1533-1542), benzodiazepinedione (Grasberger, B.L., et al., J. Med. Chem. 48 (2005) 909-912; Parks, D.J., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15 (2005) 765-770;
Koblish, H.K., et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 (2006) 160-169), terphenyl (Yin, H., et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 44 (2005) 2704-2707; Chen, L, et al., Mol.
Cancer Ther. 4 (2005) 1019-1025), quilinol (Lu, Y., J. Med. Chem. 49 (2006) 3759-3762), chalcone (Stoll R, et al, Biochemistry. 2001;40:336-44) and sulfonamide (Galatin, P.S., et al., J. Med. Chem. 47 (2004) 4163-4165).
The protein p53 is a tumor suppresser protein that plays a central role in protection against development of cancer. It guards cellular integrity and prevents the propagation of permanently damaged clones of cells by the induction of growth arrest or apoptosis. At the molecular level, p53 is a transcription factor that can activate a panel of genes implicated in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.
p53 is a potent cell cycle inhibitor which is tightly regulated by MDM2 at the cellular level. MDM2 and p53 form a feedback control loop. MDM2 can bind p53 and inhibit its ability to transactivate p53-regulated genes. In addition, mediates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of p53. p53 can activate the expression of the MDM2 gene, thus raising the cellular level of MDM2 protein.
This feedback control loop insures that both MDM2 and p53 are kept at a low level in normal proliferating cells. MDM2 is also a cofactor for E2F, which plays a central role in cell cycle regulation. The ratio of MDM2 to p53 (E2F) is dysregulated in many cancers. Frequently occurring molecular defects in the p16INK4/p19ARF locus, for instance, have been shown to affect MDM2 protein degradation. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction in tumor cells with wild-type p53 should lead to accumulation of p53, cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. MDM2 antagonists, therefore, can offer a novel approach to cancer therapy as single agents or in combination with a broad spectrum of other antitumor therapies.
The feasibility of this strategy has been shown by the use of different macromolecular tools for inhibition of MDM2- p53 interaction (e.g. antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, peptides). MDM2 also binds E2F through a conserved binding region as p53 and activates E2F dependent transcription of cyclin A, suggesting that MDM2 antagonists might have effects in p53 mutant cells.
MDM2 inhibitors are agents that inhibit the MDM2-p53 interaction. Besides of peptides and antibodies, several classes of small-molecule inhibitors with distinct chemical structures have now been reported (Shangary, S., et al., Annu. Rev.
Pharmacol. Toxicol. 49 (2008) 223-241). These are derivatives of cis-imidazoline (see e.g. Vassilev, L.T., et al., Science 303 (2004) 844-848 or WO 03/051359, WO
2007/063013, WO 2009/047161 or US Patent Application No. 12/939,234), spiro-oxindole (Ding, K., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 10130-10131;
Shangary, S., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 3933-3938; Ding, K., et al., J.
Med. Chem. 49 (2006) 3432-3435; Shangary, S., et al., Mol Cancer Ther. 7 (2008) 1533-1542), benzodiazepinedione (Grasberger, B.L., et al., J. Med. Chem. 48 (2005) 909-912; Parks, D.J., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15 (2005) 765-770;
Koblish, H.K., et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 (2006) 160-169), terphenyl (Yin, H., et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 44 (2005) 2704-2707; Chen, L, et al., Mol.
Cancer Ther. 4 (2005) 1019-1025), quilinol (Lu, Y., J. Med. Chem. 49 (2006) 3759-3762), chalcone (Stoll R, et al, Biochemistry. 2001;40:336-44) and sulfonamide (Galatin, P.S., et al., J. Med. Chem. 47 (2004) 4163-4165).
Summary of the Invention We have now found out that the combination of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with a MDM2 inhibitor showed significantly enhanced antiproliferative effects.
One aspect of the invention is an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
Another aspect of the invention is the use of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
Another aspect of the invention is a method of treatment of patient suffering from cancer by administering an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor, to a patient in the need of such treatment.
In one embodiment, the amount of fucose is between 40% and 60% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297. In another embodiment, the amount of fucose is 0% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297.
In one embodiment, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is an IgG1 antibody. In another embodiment, said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer, preferably a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia. In one embodiment said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is humanized B-Lyl antibody.
In one embodiment, said MDM2 inhibitor is a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4, 5 -dihydro-imi dazol e- 1 -carbonyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4, 5 -dimethy1-4, 5 -dihydro- 1H-imi dazol - 1 -yl]] -carb ony1]-443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-B uty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4, 5 -bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5 -dimethy1-4, 5 -dihydro-imidazol e- 1 -carb onyl] -piperazin- 1 -yl -N,N-bi s-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetami de; or d) 2- {
[(4S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4, 5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5 -dimethy1-4, 5 -dihy dro-imi dazol e- 1 -carbonyl] -piperi din-4-y1} -acetami de).
One aspect of the invention is an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
Another aspect of the invention is the use of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
Another aspect of the invention is a method of treatment of patient suffering from cancer by administering an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor, to a patient in the need of such treatment.
In one embodiment, the amount of fucose is between 40% and 60% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297. In another embodiment, the amount of fucose is 0% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297.
In one embodiment, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is an IgG1 antibody. In another embodiment, said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer, preferably a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia. In one embodiment said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is humanized B-Lyl antibody.
In one embodiment, said MDM2 inhibitor is a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4, 5 -dihydro-imi dazol e- 1 -carbonyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4, 5 -dimethy1-4, 5 -dihydro- 1H-imi dazol - 1 -yl]] -carb ony1]-443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-B uty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4, 5 -bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5 -dimethy1-4, 5 -dihydro-imidazol e- 1 -carb onyl] -piperazin- 1 -yl -N,N-bi s-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetami de; or d) 2- {
[(4S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4, 5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5 -dimethy1-4, 5 -dihy dro-imi dazol e- 1 -carbonyl] -piperi din-4-y1} -acetami de).
In one embodiment, said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is humanized B-Ly 1 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) [4,5 -B i s(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-i soprop oxy-4-m ethoxy-pheny1)-4, 5 -di hy dro-imi dazol e-1-carb onyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S, 5R)-1-[ [4-[ [4,5-bi s(4-chl oropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4,5 -dimethy1-4,5 -dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3 -(m ethyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazi ne; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri di n-3 -y1)-4, 5 -bi s-(4-chl oro-pheny1)-4,5 -di methyl-4, 5 -di hy dro-imi dazol e-1-carbonyl] -piperazin-1-y1 -N,N-bi s-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetami de;
or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4, 5 -bi s-(4-chl oro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imi dazol e-1-carb onyl] -piperi din-4-y1} -acetami de, and said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer, in one embodiment a a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
In one embodiment, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody binds CD20 with an KD
of 10-8M to 10'3M.
One embodiment of the invention is a composition comprising an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, (in one embodiment an afucosylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody), and a MDM2 inhibitor (in one embodiment the MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-i s oprop oxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5 -di hy dro-i mi dazol e-carb onyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazi ne; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-B
uty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carbony1]-piperazin-1-y1 -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5 -dihydro-imi dazol e- 1 -carbonyl]-piperidin-4-y1} -acetami de) for the treatment of cancer.
Description of the Figures Figure 1: Additive cell death induction in drug resistant CLL cells by combination treatment of GA101 and MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin). CD40-stimulated CLL cells were incubated with different concentrations Nutlin alone or in combination with GA101 or GXL. After 48 hours cell death was analyzed by measuring mitoTracker signal by flow cytometry. Averaged results are presented as percentage cell death (mean SEM).
.01<p< .05 *, .001<p.01 **, p.001 *** M=mutated, UM=ummutated, p53d=p53 dysfunctional. Black bars indicate control, white bars low concentration and grey bars high concentration Nutlin (5 and 10 [NI).
Figures 2 and 3: In vivo antitumor activity of combined treatment of a type II
anti-CD20 antibody (B-HH6-B-KV1 GE = GA101) with the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin (= (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]]-carb onyl] -443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propyl] -piperazine) Detailed Description of the Invention The invention comprises an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
The invention comprises the use of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
In one embodiment, the amount of fucose is between 40% and 60% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297.
The term "antibody" encompasses the various forms of antibodies including but not being limited to whole antibodies, human antibodies, humanized antibodies and genetically engineered antibodies like monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies or recombinant antibodies as well as fragments of such antibodies as long as the characteristic properties according to the invention are retained. The terms "monoclonal antibody" or "monoclonal antibody composition" as used herein refer to a preparation of antibody molecules of a single amino acid composition.
or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4, 5 -bi s-(4-chl oro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imi dazol e-1-carb onyl] -piperi din-4-y1} -acetami de, and said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer, in one embodiment a a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
In one embodiment, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody binds CD20 with an KD
of 10-8M to 10'3M.
One embodiment of the invention is a composition comprising an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, (in one embodiment an afucosylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody), and a MDM2 inhibitor (in one embodiment the MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-i s oprop oxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5 -di hy dro-i mi dazol e-carb onyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazi ne; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-B
uty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carbony1]-piperazin-1-y1 -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5 -dihydro-imi dazol e- 1 -carbonyl]-piperidin-4-y1} -acetami de) for the treatment of cancer.
Description of the Figures Figure 1: Additive cell death induction in drug resistant CLL cells by combination treatment of GA101 and MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin). CD40-stimulated CLL cells were incubated with different concentrations Nutlin alone or in combination with GA101 or GXL. After 48 hours cell death was analyzed by measuring mitoTracker signal by flow cytometry. Averaged results are presented as percentage cell death (mean SEM).
.01<p< .05 *, .001<p.01 **, p.001 *** M=mutated, UM=ummutated, p53d=p53 dysfunctional. Black bars indicate control, white bars low concentration and grey bars high concentration Nutlin (5 and 10 [NI).
Figures 2 and 3: In vivo antitumor activity of combined treatment of a type II
anti-CD20 antibody (B-HH6-B-KV1 GE = GA101) with the MDM2 inhibitor Nutlin (= (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]]-carb onyl] -443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propyl] -piperazine) Detailed Description of the Invention The invention comprises an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
The invention comprises the use of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
In one embodiment, the amount of fucose is between 40% and 60% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297.
The term "antibody" encompasses the various forms of antibodies including but not being limited to whole antibodies, human antibodies, humanized antibodies and genetically engineered antibodies like monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antibodies or recombinant antibodies as well as fragments of such antibodies as long as the characteristic properties according to the invention are retained. The terms "monoclonal antibody" or "monoclonal antibody composition" as used herein refer to a preparation of antibody molecules of a single amino acid composition.
Accordingly, the term "human monoclonal antibody" refers to antibodies displaying a single binding specificity which have variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. In one embodiment, the human monoclonal antibodies are produced by a hybridoma which includes a B
cell obtained from a transgenic non-human animal, e.g. a transgenic mouse, having a genome comprising a human heavy chain transgene and a light human chain transgene fused to an immortalized cell.
The term "chimeric antibody" refers to a monoclonal antibody comprising a variable region, i.e., binding region, from one source or species and at least a portion of a constant region derived from a different source or species, usually prepared by recombinant DNA techniques. Chimeric antibodies comprising a murine variable region and a human constant region are especially preferred.
Such murine/human chimeric antibodies are the product of expressed immunoglobulin genes comprising DNA segments encoding murine immunoglobulin variable regions and DNA segments encoding human immunoglobulin constant regions.
Other forms of "chimeric antibodies" encompassed by the present invention are those in which the class or subclass has been modified or changed from that of the original antibody. Such "chimeric" antibodies are also referred to as "class-switched antibodies." Methods for producing chimeric antibodies involve conventional recombinant DNA and gene transfection techniques now well known in the art. See, e.g., Morrison, S.L., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA
81(1984) 6851-6855; US 5,202,238 and US 5,204,244.
The term "humanized antibody" refers to antibodies in which the framework or "complementarity determining regions" (CDR) have been modified to comprise the CDR of an immunoglobulin of different specificity as compared to that of the parent immunoglobulin. In a preferred embodiment, a murine CDR is grafted into the framework region of a human antibody to prepare the "humanized antibody."
See, e.g., Riechmann, L. et al., Nature 332 (1988) 323-327; and Neuberger, M.S. et al., Nature 314 (1985) 268-270. Particularly preferred CDRs correspond to those representing sequences recognizing the antigens noted above for chimeric and bifunctional antibodies.
The term "human antibody", as used herein, is intended to include antibodies having variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. Human antibodies are well-known in the state of the art (van Dijk, M.A., and van de Winkel, J.G., Curr. Opin. in Chem. Biol. 5 (2001) 368-374). Based on such technology, human antibodies against a great variety of targets can be produced. Examples of human antibodies are for example described in Kellermann, S.A., et al., Curr Opin Biotechnol. 13 (2002) 593-597.
The term "recombinant human antibody", as used herein, is intended to include all human antibodies that are prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means, such as antibodies isolated from a host cell such as a NSO or CHO cell or from an animal (e.g. a mouse) that is transgenic for human immunoglobulin genes or antibodies expressed using a recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell. Such recombinant human antibodies have variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences in a rearranged form.
The recombinant human antibodies according to the invention have been subjected to in vivo somatic hypermutation. Thus, the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from and related to human germline VH and VL sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germline repertoire in vivo.
As used herein, the term "binding" or "specifically binding" refers to the binding of the antibody to an epitope of the tumor antigen in an in vitro assay, preferably in an plasmon resonance assay (BIAcore, GE-Healthcare Uppsala, Sweden) with purified wild-type antigen. The affinity of the binding is defined by the terms ka (rate constant for the association of the antibody from the antibody/antigen complex), kD
(dissociation constant), and KD (1cD/ka). Binding or specifically binding means a binding affinity (KD) of 10-8 M or less, preferably 10-8 M to 10-13 M (in one embodiment 10-9 M to 10-13 M). Thus, an afucosylated antibody according to the invention is specifically binding to the tumor antigen with a binding affinity (KID) of 10-8 mo1/1 or less, preferably 10-8M to 1013 M (in one embodiment 10-9 M to M).
The term "nucleic acid molecule", as used herein, is intended to include DNA
molecules and RNA molecules. A nucleic acid molecule may be single-stranded or double-stranded, but preferably is double-stranded DNA.
The "constant domains" are not involved directly in binding the antibody to an antigen but are involved in the effector functions (ADCC, complement binding, and CDC).
The "variable region" (variable region of a light chain (VL), variable region of a heavy chain (VH)) as used herein denotes each of the pair of light and heavy chains which is involved directly in binding the antibody to the antigen. The domains of variable human light and heavy chains have the same general structure and each domain comprises four framework (FR) regions whose sequences are widely conserved, connected by three "hypervariable regions" (or complementarity determining regions, CDRs). The framework regions adopt a b-sheet conformation and the CDRs may form loops connecting the b-sheet structure. The CDRs in each chain are held in their three-dimensional structure by the framework regions and form together with the CDRs from the other chain the antigen binding site.
The terms "hypervariable region" or "antigen-binding portion of an antibody"
when used herein refer to the amino acid residues of an antibody which are responsible for antigen-binding. The hypervariable region comprises amino acid residues from the "complementarity determining regions" or "CDRs". "Framework" or "FR"
regions are those variable domain regions other than the hypervariable region residues as herein defined. Therefore, the light and heavy chains of an antibody comprise from N- to C-terminus the domains FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, and FR4. Especially, CDR3 of the heavy chain is the region which contributes most to antigen binding. CDR and FR regions are determined according to the standard definition of Kabat, et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991), and/or those residues from a "hypervariable loop".
The term "afucosylated antibody" refers to an antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype (preferably of IgG1 isotype) with an altered pattern of glycosylation in the Fc region at Asn297 having a reduced level of fucose residues. Glycosylation of human IgG1 or IgG3 occurs at Asn297 as core fucosylated bianntennary complex oligosaccharide glycosylation terminated with up to 2 Gal residues. These structures are designated as GO, G1 (a1,6 or a1,3) or G2 glycan residues, depending from the amount of terminal Gal residues (Raju, T.S., BioProcess Int. 1 (2003) 44-53). CHO type glycosylation of antibody Fc parts is e.g. described by Routier, F.H., Glycoconjugate J. 14 (1997) 201-207. Antibodies which are recombinantely expressed in non glycomodified CHO host cells usually are fucosylated at Asn297 in an amount of at least 85%. It should be understood that the term an afucosylated antibody as used herein includes an antibody having no fucose in its glycosylation pattern. It is commonly known that typical glycosylated residue position in an antibody is the asparagine at position 297 according to the EU numbering system ("Asn297").
The "EU numbering system" or "EU index" is generally used when referring to a residue in an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (e.g., the EU index reported in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) expressly incorporated herein by reference).
Thus an afucosylated antibody according to the invention means an antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype (preferably of IgG1 isotype) wherein the amount of fucose is 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297 (which means that at least 40% or more of the oligosaccharides of the Fc region at Asn297 are afucosylated). In one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 40% and 60% of the oligosaccharides of the Fc region at Asn297. In another embodiment the amount of fucose is 50% or less, and in still another embodiment the amount of fucose is 30% or less of the oligosaccharides of the Fc region at Asn297.
According to the invention "amount of fucose" means the amount of said oligosaccharide (fucose) within the oligosaccharide (sugar) chain at Asn297, related to the sum of all oligosaccharides (sugars) attached to Asn 297 (e. g.
complex, hybrid and high mannose structures) measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and calculated as average value (for a detailed procedure to determine the amount of fucose, see e.g. WO 2008/077546). Furthermore in one embodiment, the oligosaccharides of the Fc region are bisected. The afucosylated antibody according to the invention can be expressed in a glycomodified host cell engineered to express at least one nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide having GnTIII
activity in an amount sufficient to partially fucosylate the oligosaccharides in the Fc region.
In one embodiment, the polypeptide having GnTIII activity is a fusion polypeptide.
Alternatively a1,6-fucosyltransferase activity of the host cell can be decreased or eliminated according to US 6,946,292 to generate glycomodified host cells. The amount of antibody fucosylation can be predetermined e.g. either by fermentation conditions (e.g. fermentation time) or by combination of at least two antibodies with different fucosylation amount. Such afucosylated antibodies and respective glycoengineering methods are described in WO 2005/044859, WO 2004/065540, WO 2007/031875, Umana, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180, WO 99/154342, WO 2005/018572, WO 2006/116260, WO 2006/114700, WO 2005/011735, WO 2005/027966, WO 97/028267, US 2006/0134709, US 2005/0054048, US 2005/0152894, WO 2003/035835, WO 2000/061739. These glycoengineered antibodies have an increased ADCC. Other glycoengineering methods yielding afucosylated antibodies according to the invention are described e.g. in Niwa, R.. et al., J. Immunol. Methods 306 (2005) 151-160; Shinkawa, T., et al., J. Biol. Chem, 278 (2003) 3466-3473; WO 03/055993 or US 2005/0249722.
Thus one aspect of the invention is an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype (preferably of IgG1 isotype) specifically binding to CD20 with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor. In another aspect of the invention is the use of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype (preferably of IgG1 isotype) specifically binding to CD20 with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor. In one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 60% and 20% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297. In one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 60% and 40% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297. In one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 0% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297.
CD20 ( also known as B-lymphocyte antigen CD20, B-lymphocyte surface antigen Bl, Leu-16, Bp35, BM5, and LF5; the sequence is characterized by the SwissProt database entry P11836) is is a hydrophobic transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 35 kD located on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes (Valentine, M.A. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 11282-11287;
Tedder, T.F., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (1988) 208-212;
Stamenkovic, I., et al., J. Exp. Med. 167 (1988) 1975-1980; Einfeld, D.A., et al., EMBO J.
(1988) 711-717; Tedder, T.F., et al., J. Immunol. 142 (1989) 2560-2568). The corresponding human gene is Membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1, also known as MS4A1. This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This gene encodes the B-lymphocyte surface molecule which plays a role in the development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. This family member is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of family members. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same protein.
The terms "CD20" and "CD20 antigen" are used interchangeably herein, and include any variants, isoforms and species homologs of human CD20 which are naturally expressed by cells or are expressed on cells transfected with the gene. Binding of an antibody of the invention to the CD20 antigen mediate the killing of cells expressing CD20 (e.g., a tumor cell) by inactivating CD20.
The killing of the cells expressing CD20 may occur by one or more of the following mechanisms: Cell death/apoptosis induction, ADCC and CDC.
Synonyms of CD20, as recognized in the art, include B-lymphocyte antigen CD20, B-lymphocyte surface antigen Bl, Leu-16, Bp35, BM5, and LF5.
The term "anti-CD20 antibody" according to the invention is an antibody that binds specifically to CD20 antigen. Depending on binding properties and biological activities of anti-CD20 antibodies to the CD20 antigen, two types of anti-CD20 antibodies (type I and type II anti-CD20 antibodies) can be distinguished according to Cragg, M.S., et al., Blood 103 (2004) 2738-2743; and Cragg, M.S., et al., Blood 101 (2003) 1045-1052, see Table 2.
cell obtained from a transgenic non-human animal, e.g. a transgenic mouse, having a genome comprising a human heavy chain transgene and a light human chain transgene fused to an immortalized cell.
The term "chimeric antibody" refers to a monoclonal antibody comprising a variable region, i.e., binding region, from one source or species and at least a portion of a constant region derived from a different source or species, usually prepared by recombinant DNA techniques. Chimeric antibodies comprising a murine variable region and a human constant region are especially preferred.
Such murine/human chimeric antibodies are the product of expressed immunoglobulin genes comprising DNA segments encoding murine immunoglobulin variable regions and DNA segments encoding human immunoglobulin constant regions.
Other forms of "chimeric antibodies" encompassed by the present invention are those in which the class or subclass has been modified or changed from that of the original antibody. Such "chimeric" antibodies are also referred to as "class-switched antibodies." Methods for producing chimeric antibodies involve conventional recombinant DNA and gene transfection techniques now well known in the art. See, e.g., Morrison, S.L., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA
81(1984) 6851-6855; US 5,202,238 and US 5,204,244.
The term "humanized antibody" refers to antibodies in which the framework or "complementarity determining regions" (CDR) have been modified to comprise the CDR of an immunoglobulin of different specificity as compared to that of the parent immunoglobulin. In a preferred embodiment, a murine CDR is grafted into the framework region of a human antibody to prepare the "humanized antibody."
See, e.g., Riechmann, L. et al., Nature 332 (1988) 323-327; and Neuberger, M.S. et al., Nature 314 (1985) 268-270. Particularly preferred CDRs correspond to those representing sequences recognizing the antigens noted above for chimeric and bifunctional antibodies.
The term "human antibody", as used herein, is intended to include antibodies having variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences. Human antibodies are well-known in the state of the art (van Dijk, M.A., and van de Winkel, J.G., Curr. Opin. in Chem. Biol. 5 (2001) 368-374). Based on such technology, human antibodies against a great variety of targets can be produced. Examples of human antibodies are for example described in Kellermann, S.A., et al., Curr Opin Biotechnol. 13 (2002) 593-597.
The term "recombinant human antibody", as used herein, is intended to include all human antibodies that are prepared, expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means, such as antibodies isolated from a host cell such as a NSO or CHO cell or from an animal (e.g. a mouse) that is transgenic for human immunoglobulin genes or antibodies expressed using a recombinant expression vector transfected into a host cell. Such recombinant human antibodies have variable and constant regions derived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences in a rearranged form.
The recombinant human antibodies according to the invention have been subjected to in vivo somatic hypermutation. Thus, the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of the recombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from and related to human germline VH and VL sequences, may not naturally exist within the human antibody germline repertoire in vivo.
As used herein, the term "binding" or "specifically binding" refers to the binding of the antibody to an epitope of the tumor antigen in an in vitro assay, preferably in an plasmon resonance assay (BIAcore, GE-Healthcare Uppsala, Sweden) with purified wild-type antigen. The affinity of the binding is defined by the terms ka (rate constant for the association of the antibody from the antibody/antigen complex), kD
(dissociation constant), and KD (1cD/ka). Binding or specifically binding means a binding affinity (KD) of 10-8 M or less, preferably 10-8 M to 10-13 M (in one embodiment 10-9 M to 10-13 M). Thus, an afucosylated antibody according to the invention is specifically binding to the tumor antigen with a binding affinity (KID) of 10-8 mo1/1 or less, preferably 10-8M to 1013 M (in one embodiment 10-9 M to M).
The term "nucleic acid molecule", as used herein, is intended to include DNA
molecules and RNA molecules. A nucleic acid molecule may be single-stranded or double-stranded, but preferably is double-stranded DNA.
The "constant domains" are not involved directly in binding the antibody to an antigen but are involved in the effector functions (ADCC, complement binding, and CDC).
The "variable region" (variable region of a light chain (VL), variable region of a heavy chain (VH)) as used herein denotes each of the pair of light and heavy chains which is involved directly in binding the antibody to the antigen. The domains of variable human light and heavy chains have the same general structure and each domain comprises four framework (FR) regions whose sequences are widely conserved, connected by three "hypervariable regions" (or complementarity determining regions, CDRs). The framework regions adopt a b-sheet conformation and the CDRs may form loops connecting the b-sheet structure. The CDRs in each chain are held in their three-dimensional structure by the framework regions and form together with the CDRs from the other chain the antigen binding site.
The terms "hypervariable region" or "antigen-binding portion of an antibody"
when used herein refer to the amino acid residues of an antibody which are responsible for antigen-binding. The hypervariable region comprises amino acid residues from the "complementarity determining regions" or "CDRs". "Framework" or "FR"
regions are those variable domain regions other than the hypervariable region residues as herein defined. Therefore, the light and heavy chains of an antibody comprise from N- to C-terminus the domains FR1, CDR1, FR2, CDR2, FR3, CDR3, and FR4. Especially, CDR3 of the heavy chain is the region which contributes most to antigen binding. CDR and FR regions are determined according to the standard definition of Kabat, et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991), and/or those residues from a "hypervariable loop".
The term "afucosylated antibody" refers to an antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype (preferably of IgG1 isotype) with an altered pattern of glycosylation in the Fc region at Asn297 having a reduced level of fucose residues. Glycosylation of human IgG1 or IgG3 occurs at Asn297 as core fucosylated bianntennary complex oligosaccharide glycosylation terminated with up to 2 Gal residues. These structures are designated as GO, G1 (a1,6 or a1,3) or G2 glycan residues, depending from the amount of terminal Gal residues (Raju, T.S., BioProcess Int. 1 (2003) 44-53). CHO type glycosylation of antibody Fc parts is e.g. described by Routier, F.H., Glycoconjugate J. 14 (1997) 201-207. Antibodies which are recombinantely expressed in non glycomodified CHO host cells usually are fucosylated at Asn297 in an amount of at least 85%. It should be understood that the term an afucosylated antibody as used herein includes an antibody having no fucose in its glycosylation pattern. It is commonly known that typical glycosylated residue position in an antibody is the asparagine at position 297 according to the EU numbering system ("Asn297").
The "EU numbering system" or "EU index" is generally used when referring to a residue in an immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (e.g., the EU index reported in Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th ed., Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (1991) expressly incorporated herein by reference).
Thus an afucosylated antibody according to the invention means an antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype (preferably of IgG1 isotype) wherein the amount of fucose is 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297 (which means that at least 40% or more of the oligosaccharides of the Fc region at Asn297 are afucosylated). In one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 40% and 60% of the oligosaccharides of the Fc region at Asn297. In another embodiment the amount of fucose is 50% or less, and in still another embodiment the amount of fucose is 30% or less of the oligosaccharides of the Fc region at Asn297.
According to the invention "amount of fucose" means the amount of said oligosaccharide (fucose) within the oligosaccharide (sugar) chain at Asn297, related to the sum of all oligosaccharides (sugars) attached to Asn 297 (e. g.
complex, hybrid and high mannose structures) measured by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and calculated as average value (for a detailed procedure to determine the amount of fucose, see e.g. WO 2008/077546). Furthermore in one embodiment, the oligosaccharides of the Fc region are bisected. The afucosylated antibody according to the invention can be expressed in a glycomodified host cell engineered to express at least one nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide having GnTIII
activity in an amount sufficient to partially fucosylate the oligosaccharides in the Fc region.
In one embodiment, the polypeptide having GnTIII activity is a fusion polypeptide.
Alternatively a1,6-fucosyltransferase activity of the host cell can be decreased or eliminated according to US 6,946,292 to generate glycomodified host cells. The amount of antibody fucosylation can be predetermined e.g. either by fermentation conditions (e.g. fermentation time) or by combination of at least two antibodies with different fucosylation amount. Such afucosylated antibodies and respective glycoengineering methods are described in WO 2005/044859, WO 2004/065540, WO 2007/031875, Umana, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180, WO 99/154342, WO 2005/018572, WO 2006/116260, WO 2006/114700, WO 2005/011735, WO 2005/027966, WO 97/028267, US 2006/0134709, US 2005/0054048, US 2005/0152894, WO 2003/035835, WO 2000/061739. These glycoengineered antibodies have an increased ADCC. Other glycoengineering methods yielding afucosylated antibodies according to the invention are described e.g. in Niwa, R.. et al., J. Immunol. Methods 306 (2005) 151-160; Shinkawa, T., et al., J. Biol. Chem, 278 (2003) 3466-3473; WO 03/055993 or US 2005/0249722.
Thus one aspect of the invention is an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype (preferably of IgG1 isotype) specifically binding to CD20 with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor. In another aspect of the invention is the use of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody of IgG1 or IgG3 isotype (preferably of IgG1 isotype) specifically binding to CD20 with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor. In one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 60% and 20% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297. In one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 60% and 40% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297. In one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 0% of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297.
CD20 ( also known as B-lymphocyte antigen CD20, B-lymphocyte surface antigen Bl, Leu-16, Bp35, BM5, and LF5; the sequence is characterized by the SwissProt database entry P11836) is is a hydrophobic transmembrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 35 kD located on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes (Valentine, M.A. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 11282-11287;
Tedder, T.F., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (1988) 208-212;
Stamenkovic, I., et al., J. Exp. Med. 167 (1988) 1975-1980; Einfeld, D.A., et al., EMBO J.
(1988) 711-717; Tedder, T.F., et al., J. Immunol. 142 (1989) 2560-2568). The corresponding human gene is Membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A, member 1, also known as MS4A1. This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this nascent protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This gene encodes the B-lymphocyte surface molecule which plays a role in the development and differentiation of B-cells into plasma cells. This family member is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of family members. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same protein.
The terms "CD20" and "CD20 antigen" are used interchangeably herein, and include any variants, isoforms and species homologs of human CD20 which are naturally expressed by cells or are expressed on cells transfected with the gene. Binding of an antibody of the invention to the CD20 antigen mediate the killing of cells expressing CD20 (e.g., a tumor cell) by inactivating CD20.
The killing of the cells expressing CD20 may occur by one or more of the following mechanisms: Cell death/apoptosis induction, ADCC and CDC.
Synonyms of CD20, as recognized in the art, include B-lymphocyte antigen CD20, B-lymphocyte surface antigen Bl, Leu-16, Bp35, BM5, and LF5.
The term "anti-CD20 antibody" according to the invention is an antibody that binds specifically to CD20 antigen. Depending on binding properties and biological activities of anti-CD20 antibodies to the CD20 antigen, two types of anti-CD20 antibodies (type I and type II anti-CD20 antibodies) can be distinguished according to Cragg, M.S., et al., Blood 103 (2004) 2738-2743; and Cragg, M.S., et al., Blood 101 (2003) 1045-1052, see Table 2.
Table 2: Properties of type I and type!! anti-CD20 antibodies type I anti-CD20 antibodies type!! anti-CD20 antibodies type I CD20 epitope type II CD20 epitope Localize CD20 to lipid rafts Do not localize CD20 to lipid rafts Increased CDC (if IgG1 isotype) Decreased CDC (if IgG1 isotype) ADCC activity (if IgG1 isotype) ADCC activity (if IgG1 isotype) Full binding capacity Reduced binding capacity Homotypic aggregation Stronger homotypic aggregation Apoptosis induction upon cross- Strong cell death induction without linking cross-linking Examples of type II anti-CD20 antibodies include e.g. humanized B-Lyl antibody IgG1 (a chimeric humanized IgG1 antibody as disclosed in WO 2005/044859), 11B8 IgG1 (as disclosed in WO 2004/035607), and AT80 IgGl. Typically type II
anti-CD20 antibodies of the IgG1 isotype show characteristic CDC properties.
Type II anti-CD20 antibodies have a decreased CDC (if IgG1 isotype) compared to type I antibodies of the IgG1 isotype.
Examples of type I anti-CD20 antibodies include e.g. rituximab, HI47 IgG3 (ECACC, hybridoma), 2C6 IgG1 (as disclosed in WO 2005/103081), 2F2 IgG1 (as disclosed and WO 2004/035607 and WO 2005/103081) and 2H7 IgG1 (as disclosed in WO 2004/056312).
The afucosylated anti-CD20 antibodies according to the invention is in one embodiment a type II anti-CD20 antibody, in another embodiment an afucosylated humanized B-Lyl antibody.
The afucosylated anti-CD20 antibodies according to the invention have an increased antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) unlike anti-CD20 antibodies having no reduced fucose.
By "afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with increased antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)" is meant an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody, as that term is defined herein, having increased ADCC as determined by any suitable method known to those of ordinary skill in the art. One accepted in vitro ADCC assay is as follows:
anti-CD20 antibodies of the IgG1 isotype show characteristic CDC properties.
Type II anti-CD20 antibodies have a decreased CDC (if IgG1 isotype) compared to type I antibodies of the IgG1 isotype.
Examples of type I anti-CD20 antibodies include e.g. rituximab, HI47 IgG3 (ECACC, hybridoma), 2C6 IgG1 (as disclosed in WO 2005/103081), 2F2 IgG1 (as disclosed and WO 2004/035607 and WO 2005/103081) and 2H7 IgG1 (as disclosed in WO 2004/056312).
The afucosylated anti-CD20 antibodies according to the invention is in one embodiment a type II anti-CD20 antibody, in another embodiment an afucosylated humanized B-Lyl antibody.
The afucosylated anti-CD20 antibodies according to the invention have an increased antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) unlike anti-CD20 antibodies having no reduced fucose.
By "afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with increased antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)" is meant an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody, as that term is defined herein, having increased ADCC as determined by any suitable method known to those of ordinary skill in the art. One accepted in vitro ADCC assay is as follows:
1) the assay uses target cells that are known to express the target antigen recognized by the antigen-binding region of the antibody;
2) the assay uses human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated from blood of a randomly chosen healthy donor, as effector cells;
3) the assay is carried out according to following protocol:
i) the PBMCs are isolated using standard density centrifugation procedures and are suspended at 5 x 106 cells/ml in RPMI cell culture medium;
ii) the target cells are grown by standard tissue culture methods, harvested from the exponential growth phase with a viability higher than 90%, washed in RPMI cell culture medium, labeled with 100 micro-Curies of 51Cr, washed twice with cell culture medium, and resuspended in cell culture medium at a density of 105 cells/ml;
iii) 100 microliters of the final target cell suspension above are transferred to each well of a 96-well microtiter plate;
iv) the antibody is serially-diluted from 4000 ng/ml to 0.04 ng/ml in cell culture medium and 50 microliters of the resulting antibody solutions are added to the target cells in the 96-well microtiter plate, testing in triplicate various antibody concentrations covering the whole concentration range above;
v) for the maximum release (MR) controls, 3 additional wells in the plate containing the labeled target cells, receive 50 microliters of a 2% (VN) aqueous solution of non-ionic detergent (Nonidet, Sigma, St. Louis), instead of the antibody solution (point iv above);
vi) for the spontaneous release (SR) controls, 3 additional wells in the plate containing the labeled target cells, receive 50 microliters of RPMI cell culture medium instead of the antibody solution (point iv above);
vii) the 96-well microtiter plate is then centrifuged at 50 x g for 1 minute and incubated for 1 hour at 4 C;
viii) 50 microliters of the PBMC suspension (point i above) are added to each well to yield an effector:target cell ratio of 25: 1 and the plates are placed in an incubator under 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 C for 4 hours;
ix) the cell-free supernatant from each well is harvested and the experimentally released radioactivity (ER) is quantified using a gamma counter;
2) the assay uses human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), isolated from blood of a randomly chosen healthy donor, as effector cells;
3) the assay is carried out according to following protocol:
i) the PBMCs are isolated using standard density centrifugation procedures and are suspended at 5 x 106 cells/ml in RPMI cell culture medium;
ii) the target cells are grown by standard tissue culture methods, harvested from the exponential growth phase with a viability higher than 90%, washed in RPMI cell culture medium, labeled with 100 micro-Curies of 51Cr, washed twice with cell culture medium, and resuspended in cell culture medium at a density of 105 cells/ml;
iii) 100 microliters of the final target cell suspension above are transferred to each well of a 96-well microtiter plate;
iv) the antibody is serially-diluted from 4000 ng/ml to 0.04 ng/ml in cell culture medium and 50 microliters of the resulting antibody solutions are added to the target cells in the 96-well microtiter plate, testing in triplicate various antibody concentrations covering the whole concentration range above;
v) for the maximum release (MR) controls, 3 additional wells in the plate containing the labeled target cells, receive 50 microliters of a 2% (VN) aqueous solution of non-ionic detergent (Nonidet, Sigma, St. Louis), instead of the antibody solution (point iv above);
vi) for the spontaneous release (SR) controls, 3 additional wells in the plate containing the labeled target cells, receive 50 microliters of RPMI cell culture medium instead of the antibody solution (point iv above);
vii) the 96-well microtiter plate is then centrifuged at 50 x g for 1 minute and incubated for 1 hour at 4 C;
viii) 50 microliters of the PBMC suspension (point i above) are added to each well to yield an effector:target cell ratio of 25: 1 and the plates are placed in an incubator under 5% CO2 atmosphere at 37 C for 4 hours;
ix) the cell-free supernatant from each well is harvested and the experimentally released radioactivity (ER) is quantified using a gamma counter;
x) the percentage of specific lysis is calculated for each antibody concentration according to the formula (ER-MR)/(MR-SR) x 100, where ER is the average radioactivity quantified (see point ix above) for that antibody concentration, MR is the average radioactivity quantified (see point ix above) for the MR controls (see point V above), and SR is the average radioactivity quantified (see point ix above) for the SR controls (see point vi above);
4) "increased ADCC" is defined as either an increase in the maximum percentage of specific lysis observed within the antibody concentration range tested above, and/or a reduction in the concentration of antibody required to achieve one half of the maximum percentage of specific lysis observed within the antibody concentration range tested above. The increase in ADCC
is relative to the ADCC, measured with the above assay, mediated by the same antibody, produced by the same type of host cells, using the same standard production, purification, formulation and storage methods, which are known to those skilled in the art, but that has not been produced by host cells engineered to overexpress GnTIII.
Said "increased ADCC" can be obtained by glycoengineering of said antibodies, that means enhance said natural, cell-mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies by engineering their oligosaccharide component as described in Umana, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180 and US 6,602,684.
The term "complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)" refers to lysis of human tumor target cells by the antibody according to the invention in the presence of complement. CDC is measured preferably by the treatment of a preparation of CD20 expressing cells with an anti-CD20 antibody according to the invention in the presence of complement. CDC is found if the antibody induces at a concentration of 100 nM the lysis (cell death) of 20% or more of the tumor cells after 4 hours. The assay is performed preferably with 51Cr or Eu labeled tumor cells and measurement of released 51Cr or Eu. Controls include the incubation of the tumor target cells with complement but without the antibody.
The "rituximab" antibody (reference antibody; example of a type I anti-CD20 antibody) is a genetically engineered chimeric human gamma 1 murine constant domain containing monoclonal antibody directed against the human CD20 antigen.
4) "increased ADCC" is defined as either an increase in the maximum percentage of specific lysis observed within the antibody concentration range tested above, and/or a reduction in the concentration of antibody required to achieve one half of the maximum percentage of specific lysis observed within the antibody concentration range tested above. The increase in ADCC
is relative to the ADCC, measured with the above assay, mediated by the same antibody, produced by the same type of host cells, using the same standard production, purification, formulation and storage methods, which are known to those skilled in the art, but that has not been produced by host cells engineered to overexpress GnTIII.
Said "increased ADCC" can be obtained by glycoengineering of said antibodies, that means enhance said natural, cell-mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies by engineering their oligosaccharide component as described in Umana, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180 and US 6,602,684.
The term "complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)" refers to lysis of human tumor target cells by the antibody according to the invention in the presence of complement. CDC is measured preferably by the treatment of a preparation of CD20 expressing cells with an anti-CD20 antibody according to the invention in the presence of complement. CDC is found if the antibody induces at a concentration of 100 nM the lysis (cell death) of 20% or more of the tumor cells after 4 hours. The assay is performed preferably with 51Cr or Eu labeled tumor cells and measurement of released 51Cr or Eu. Controls include the incubation of the tumor target cells with complement but without the antibody.
The "rituximab" antibody (reference antibody; example of a type I anti-CD20 antibody) is a genetically engineered chimeric human gamma 1 murine constant domain containing monoclonal antibody directed against the human CD20 antigen.
This chimeric antibody contains human gamma 1 constant domains and is identified by the name "C2B8" in US 5,736,137 (Andersen et. al.) issued on April 17, 1998, assigned to IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Rituximab is approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refracting low-grade or follicular, CD20 positive, B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In vitro mechanism of action studies have shown that rituximab exhibits human complement--dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) (Reff, M.E., et. al., Blood 83 (1994) 435-445).
Additionally, it exhibits significant activity in assays that measure antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Rituximab is not afucosylated.
Antibody Amount of fucose Rituximab (non- >85 %
afucosylated) Wild type afucosylated >85 %
glyco-engineered humanized B-Lyl (B-HH6-B-KV1) (non-afucosylated) afucosylated glyco- 45-50 %
engineered humanized B-Ly1 (B-HH6-B-KV1 GE) The term "humanized B-Ly 1 antibody" refers to humanized B-Ly 1 antibody as disclosed in WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875, which were obtained from the murine monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody B-Ly 1 (variable region of the murine heavy chain (VH): SEQ ID NO: 1; variable region of the murine light chain (VL):
SEQ ID NO: 2 (see Poppema, S. and Visser, L., Biotest Bulletin 3 (1987) 131-139) by chimerization with a human constant domain from IgG1 and following humanization (see WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875). These "humanized B-Lyl antibodies" are disclosed in detail in WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875.
In one embodiment, the "humanized B-Ly 1 antibody" has variable region of the heavy chain (VH) selected from group of SEQ ID No.3 to SEQ ID No.19 (B-HH2 to B-HH9 and B-HL8 to B-HL17 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875). In one specific embodiment, such variable domain is selected from the group consisting of SSEQ ID No. 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 (B-HH2, BHH-3, B-HH6, B-HH8, B-HL8, B-HL11 and B-HL13 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875).
In one specific embodiment, the "humanized B-Ly 1 antibody" has variable region of the light chain (VL) of SEQ ID No. 20 (B-KV1 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875). In one specific embodiment, the "humanized B-Ly 1 antibody"
has a variable region of the heavy chain (VH) of SEQ ID No.7 (B-HH6 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875) and a variable region of the light chain (VL) of SEQ ID No. 20 (B-KV1 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875).
Furthermore in one embodiment, the humanized B-Ly 1 antibody is an IgG1 antibody. According to the invention such afocusylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibodies are glycoengineered (GE) in the Fc region according to the procedures described in WO 2005/044859, WO 2004/065540, WO 2007/031875, Umana, P. et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180 and WO 99/154342. In one embodiment, the afucosylated glyco-engineered humanized B-Ly 1 is B-HH6-B-KV1 GE. Such glycoengineered humanized B-Ly 1 antibodies have an altered pattern of glycosylation in the Fc region, preferably having a reduced level of fucose residues.
In one embodiment, the amount of fucose is 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides at Asn297 (in one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 40% and 60%, in another embodiment the amount of fucose is 50% or less, and in still another embodiment the amount of fucose is 30% or less). In another embodiment, the oligosaccharides of the Fc region are preferably bisected.
These glycoengineered humanized B-Lyl antibodies have an increased ADCC.
MDM2 (synomyms: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 p53 binding protein) is a p53-associated protein (Oliner, J.D., et al., Nature 358 (1992) 80-83; Momand, J., et al., Cell 69 (1992) 1237-1245; Chen, J., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 4114; and Bueso-Ramos C.E., et al., Blood 82 (1993) 2617-2623). It is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds and inhibits transactivation by tumor protein p53, as part of an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. Overexpression of this gene or the protein can result in excessive inactivation of tumor protein p53, diminishing its tumor suppressor function. This protein has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which targets tumor protein p53 for proteasomal degradation. This protein also affects the cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis through interactions with other proteins, including retinoblastoma 1 and ribosomal protein L5. More than 40 different alternatively spliced transcript variants have been isolated from both tumor and normal tissues.
Additionally, it exhibits significant activity in assays that measure antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Rituximab is not afucosylated.
Antibody Amount of fucose Rituximab (non- >85 %
afucosylated) Wild type afucosylated >85 %
glyco-engineered humanized B-Lyl (B-HH6-B-KV1) (non-afucosylated) afucosylated glyco- 45-50 %
engineered humanized B-Ly1 (B-HH6-B-KV1 GE) The term "humanized B-Ly 1 antibody" refers to humanized B-Ly 1 antibody as disclosed in WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875, which were obtained from the murine monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody B-Ly 1 (variable region of the murine heavy chain (VH): SEQ ID NO: 1; variable region of the murine light chain (VL):
SEQ ID NO: 2 (see Poppema, S. and Visser, L., Biotest Bulletin 3 (1987) 131-139) by chimerization with a human constant domain from IgG1 and following humanization (see WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875). These "humanized B-Lyl antibodies" are disclosed in detail in WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875.
In one embodiment, the "humanized B-Ly 1 antibody" has variable region of the heavy chain (VH) selected from group of SEQ ID No.3 to SEQ ID No.19 (B-HH2 to B-HH9 and B-HL8 to B-HL17 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875). In one specific embodiment, such variable domain is selected from the group consisting of SSEQ ID No. 3, 4, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 (B-HH2, BHH-3, B-HH6, B-HH8, B-HL8, B-HL11 and B-HL13 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875).
In one specific embodiment, the "humanized B-Ly 1 antibody" has variable region of the light chain (VL) of SEQ ID No. 20 (B-KV1 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875). In one specific embodiment, the "humanized B-Ly 1 antibody"
has a variable region of the heavy chain (VH) of SEQ ID No.7 (B-HH6 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875) and a variable region of the light chain (VL) of SEQ ID No. 20 (B-KV1 of WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875).
Furthermore in one embodiment, the humanized B-Ly 1 antibody is an IgG1 antibody. According to the invention such afocusylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibodies are glycoengineered (GE) in the Fc region according to the procedures described in WO 2005/044859, WO 2004/065540, WO 2007/031875, Umana, P. et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180 and WO 99/154342. In one embodiment, the afucosylated glyco-engineered humanized B-Ly 1 is B-HH6-B-KV1 GE. Such glycoengineered humanized B-Ly 1 antibodies have an altered pattern of glycosylation in the Fc region, preferably having a reduced level of fucose residues.
In one embodiment, the amount of fucose is 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides at Asn297 (in one embodiment the amount of fucose is between 40% and 60%, in another embodiment the amount of fucose is 50% or less, and in still another embodiment the amount of fucose is 30% or less). In another embodiment, the oligosaccharides of the Fc region are preferably bisected.
These glycoengineered humanized B-Lyl antibodies have an increased ADCC.
MDM2 (synomyms: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 p53 binding protein) is a p53-associated protein (Oliner, J.D., et al., Nature 358 (1992) 80-83; Momand, J., et al., Cell 69 (1992) 1237-1245; Chen, J., et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (1993) 4114; and Bueso-Ramos C.E., et al., Blood 82 (1993) 2617-2623). It is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds and inhibits transactivation by tumor protein p53, as part of an autoregulatory negative feedback loop. Overexpression of this gene or the protein can result in excessive inactivation of tumor protein p53, diminishing its tumor suppressor function. This protein has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which targets tumor protein p53 for proteasomal degradation. This protein also affects the cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis through interactions with other proteins, including retinoblastoma 1 and ribosomal protein L5. More than 40 different alternatively spliced transcript variants have been isolated from both tumor and normal tissues.
The protein p53 is a tumor suppresser protein that plays a central role in protection against development of cancer. It guards cellular integrity and prevents the propagation of permanently damaged clones of cells by the induction of growth arrest or apoptosis. At the molecular level, p53 is a transcription factor that can activate a panel of genes implicated in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.
p53 is a potent cell cycle inhibitor which is tightly regulated by MDM2 at the cellular level. MDM2 and p53 form a feedback control loop. MDM2 can bind p53 and inhibit its ability to transactivate p53-regulated genes. In addition, mediates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of p53. p53 can activate the expression of the MDM2 gene, thus raising the cellular level of MDM2 protein.
This feedback control loop insures that both MDM2 and p53 are kept at a low level in normal proliferating cells. MDM2 is also a cofactor for E2F, which plays a central role in cell cycle regulation. The ratio of MDM2 to p53 (E2F) is dysregulated in many cancers. Frequently occurring molecular defects in the pl6INK4/p19ARF locus, for instance, have been shown to affect MDM2 protein degradation. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction in tumor cells with wild-type p53 should lead to accumulation of p53, cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. MDM2 antagonists, therefore, can offer a novel approach to cancer therapy as single agents or in combination with a broad spectrum of other antitumor therapies.
The feasibility of this strategy has been shown by the use of different macromolecular tools for inhibition of MDM2- p53 interaction (e.g. antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, peptides). MDM2 also binds E2F through a conserved binding region as p53 and activates E2F dependent transcription of cyclin A, suggesting that MDM2 antagonists might have effects in p53 mutant cells.
The term "MDM2 inhibitor" according to the invention refers to agents that inhibit the MDM2-p53 interaction with an IC50 of 0.001 11M to about 2 [iM, in one embodiment with 0.005 pJVl to about 2 11M. In one embodiment the agents are antibodies, anti sense oligonucleotides, peptides.
In another embodiment the agents are small molecular weight compounds with a molecular weight (MW) of less than 1500 Daltons (Da).
In one embodiment such small molecular weight compounds are cis-imidazoline derivatives as described e.g. in Vassilev, L.T., et al., Science 303 (2004) or in WO 03/051359, WO 2007/063013, WO 2009/047161 or US Patent Application No. 12/939,234. Preferred examples of such cis-imidazoline derivatives are e.g.: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one (see WO 03/051359, Example lOr also called Nutlin-3 or Nutlin); b) (4S,5R)-1-[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chl oropheny1)-2- [4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4,5-dim ethy1-4,5-di hy dro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl] -443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine (see WO 2007/063013, Example 7); c) 2-{4-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carb ony1]-piperazin-l-yl -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide (see WO
2009/047161, Example 136); or d) 2-{1-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-y1)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carb ony1]-piperidin-4-yl }-acetamide (see WO 2009/047161, Example 181).
In one embodiment such small molecular weight compounds are spiro-oxindole (Ding, K., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 10130-10131; Shangary, S., et al., Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 3933-3838; Ding, K., et al., J. Med.
Chem.
49 (2006) 3432-3435; Shangary, S., et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 7 (2008) 1533-1542), benzodiazepinedione (Grasberger, B.L., et al., J. Med. Chem. 48 (2005) 909-912;
Parks, D.J., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15 (2005) 765-770; Koblish, H.K., et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 (2006) 160-169), terphenyl (Yin, H., et al., Angew.
Chem.
Int. Ed. Engl. 44 (2005) 2704-2707; Chen, L., et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 4 (2005) 1019-1025), quilinol (Lu, Y., J. Med. Chem. 49 (2006) 3759-3762), chalcone (Stoll, R., et al., Biochemistry 40 (2001) 336-344) and sulfonamide (Galatin, P.S., et al., J. Med. Chem. 47 (2004) 4163-4165).
"IC50" refers to the concentration of a particular compound required to inhibit 50%
of a specific measured activity. IC50 of the agents that inhibit the MDM2-p53 interaction can be measured, inter alia, as is described subsequently.
In Vitro Activity Assay for IC50 determination of a MDM2 inhibitor according to the invention:
The ability of the compounds to inhibit the interaction between p53 and MDM2 proteins is measured by an HTRF (homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence) assay in which recombinant G ST-tagged MDM2 binds to a peptide that resembles the MDM2-interacting region of p53 (Lane et al.). Binding of GST-MDM2 protein and p53-peptide (biotinylated on its N-terminal end) is registered by the FRET
p53 is a potent cell cycle inhibitor which is tightly regulated by MDM2 at the cellular level. MDM2 and p53 form a feedback control loop. MDM2 can bind p53 and inhibit its ability to transactivate p53-regulated genes. In addition, mediates the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of p53. p53 can activate the expression of the MDM2 gene, thus raising the cellular level of MDM2 protein.
This feedback control loop insures that both MDM2 and p53 are kept at a low level in normal proliferating cells. MDM2 is also a cofactor for E2F, which plays a central role in cell cycle regulation. The ratio of MDM2 to p53 (E2F) is dysregulated in many cancers. Frequently occurring molecular defects in the pl6INK4/p19ARF locus, for instance, have been shown to affect MDM2 protein degradation. Inhibition of MDM2-p53 interaction in tumor cells with wild-type p53 should lead to accumulation of p53, cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. MDM2 antagonists, therefore, can offer a novel approach to cancer therapy as single agents or in combination with a broad spectrum of other antitumor therapies.
The feasibility of this strategy has been shown by the use of different macromolecular tools for inhibition of MDM2- p53 interaction (e.g. antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, peptides). MDM2 also binds E2F through a conserved binding region as p53 and activates E2F dependent transcription of cyclin A, suggesting that MDM2 antagonists might have effects in p53 mutant cells.
The term "MDM2 inhibitor" according to the invention refers to agents that inhibit the MDM2-p53 interaction with an IC50 of 0.001 11M to about 2 [iM, in one embodiment with 0.005 pJVl to about 2 11M. In one embodiment the agents are antibodies, anti sense oligonucleotides, peptides.
In another embodiment the agents are small molecular weight compounds with a molecular weight (MW) of less than 1500 Daltons (Da).
In one embodiment such small molecular weight compounds are cis-imidazoline derivatives as described e.g. in Vassilev, L.T., et al., Science 303 (2004) or in WO 03/051359, WO 2007/063013, WO 2009/047161 or US Patent Application No. 12/939,234. Preferred examples of such cis-imidazoline derivatives are e.g.: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one (see WO 03/051359, Example lOr also called Nutlin-3 or Nutlin); b) (4S,5R)-1-[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chl oropheny1)-2- [4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4,5-dim ethy1-4,5-di hy dro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl] -443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine (see WO 2007/063013, Example 7); c) 2-{4-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carb ony1]-piperazin-l-yl -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide (see WO
2009/047161, Example 136); or d) 2-{1-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-y1)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carb ony1]-piperidin-4-yl }-acetamide (see WO 2009/047161, Example 181).
In one embodiment such small molecular weight compounds are spiro-oxindole (Ding, K., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 10130-10131; Shangary, S., et al., Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 (2008) 3933-3838; Ding, K., et al., J. Med.
Chem.
49 (2006) 3432-3435; Shangary, S., et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 7 (2008) 1533-1542), benzodiazepinedione (Grasberger, B.L., et al., J. Med. Chem. 48 (2005) 909-912;
Parks, D.J., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15 (2005) 765-770; Koblish, H.K., et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 5 (2006) 160-169), terphenyl (Yin, H., et al., Angew.
Chem.
Int. Ed. Engl. 44 (2005) 2704-2707; Chen, L., et al., Mol. Cancer Ther. 4 (2005) 1019-1025), quilinol (Lu, Y., J. Med. Chem. 49 (2006) 3759-3762), chalcone (Stoll, R., et al., Biochemistry 40 (2001) 336-344) and sulfonamide (Galatin, P.S., et al., J. Med. Chem. 47 (2004) 4163-4165).
"IC50" refers to the concentration of a particular compound required to inhibit 50%
of a specific measured activity. IC50 of the agents that inhibit the MDM2-p53 interaction can be measured, inter alia, as is described subsequently.
In Vitro Activity Assay for IC50 determination of a MDM2 inhibitor according to the invention:
The ability of the compounds to inhibit the interaction between p53 and MDM2 proteins is measured by an HTRF (homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence) assay in which recombinant G ST-tagged MDM2 binds to a peptide that resembles the MDM2-interacting region of p53 (Lane et al.). Binding of GST-MDM2 protein and p53-peptide (biotinylated on its N-terminal end) is registered by the FRET
(fluorescence resonance energy transfer) between Europium (Eu)-labeled anti-GST
antibody and streptavidin-conjugated Allophycocyanin (APC). Test is performed in black flat-bottom 384-well plates (Costar) in a total volume of 40 uL
containing:90 nM biotinylate peptide, 160 ng/mL GST-MDM2, 20 nM
streptavidin-APC (PerkinElmerWallac), 2 nM Eu-labeled anti-GST-antibody (PerkinElmerWallac), 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 20 mM Tris-borate saline (TBS) buffer as follows: Add 10 uL of GST-MDM2 (640 ng/mL working solution) in reaction buffer to each well. Add 10 uL
diluted compounds (1:5 dilution in reaction buffer) to each well, mix by shaking.
Add 20 uL biotinylated p53 peptide (180 nM working solution) in reaction buffer to each well and mix on shaker. Incubate at 37 C for 1 h. Add 20 uL
streptavidin-APC and Eu-anti-GST antibody mixture (6 nM Eu-anti-GST and 60 nM
streptavidin-APC working solution) in TBS buffer with 0.2% BSA, shake at room temperature for 30 minutes and read using a TRF-capable plate reader at 665 and 615 nm (Victor 5, Perkin ElmerWallac). If not specified, the reagents were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. IC5Os showing biological activity that applies to compounds of the subject matter of this invention ranges from about 1 nM to about 1000 nM.
The oligosaccharide component can significantly affect properties relevant to the efficacy of a therapeutic glycoprotein, including physical stability, resistance to protease attack, interactions with the immune system, pharmacokinetics, and specific biological activity. Such properties may depend not only on the presence or absence, but also on the specific structures, of oligosaccharides. Some generalizations between oligosaccharide structure and glycoprotein function can be made. For example, certain oligosaccharide structures mediate rapid clearance of the glycoprotein from the bloodstream through interactions with specific carbohydrate binding proteins, while others can be bound by antibodies and trigger undesired immune reactions (Jenkins, N., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 14 (1996) 981).
Mammalian cells are the excellent hosts for production of therapeutic glycoproteins, due to their capability to glycosylate proteins in the most compatible form for human application (Cumming, D.A., et al., Glycobiology 1 (1991) 115-130; Jenkins, N., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 14 (1996) 975-981). Bacteria very rarely glycosylate proteins, and like other types of common hosts, such as yeasts, filamentous fungi, insect and plant cells, yield glycosylation patterns associated with rapid clearance from the blood stream, undesirable immune interactions, and in some specific cases, reduced biological activity. Among mammalian cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been most commonly used during the last two decades. In addition to giving suitable glycosylation patterns, these cells allow consistent generation of genetically stable, highly productive clonal cell lines. They can be cultured to high densities in simple bioreactors using serum free media, and permit the development of safe and reproducible bioprocesses. Other commonly used animal cells include baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, NSO- and SP2/0-mouse myeloma cells. More recently, production from transgenic animals has also been tested (Jenkins, N., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 14 (1996) 975-981).
All antibodies contain carbohydrate structures at conserved positions in the heavy chain constant regions, with each isotype possessing a distinct array of N-linked carbohydrate structures, which variably affect protein assembly, secretion or functional activity (Wright, A., and Morrison, S.L., Trends Biotech. 15 (1997) 32). The structure of the attached N-linked carbohydrate varies considerably, depending on the degree of processing, and can include high-mannose, multiply-branched as well as biantennary complex oligosaccharides (Wright, A., and Morrison, S.L., Trends Biotech. 15 (1997) 26-32). Typically, there is heterogeneous processing of the core oligosaccharide structures attached at a particular glycosylation site such that even monoclonal antibodies exist as multiple glycoforms. Likewise, it has been shown that major differences in antibody glycosylation occur between cell lines, and even minor differences are seen for a given cell line grown under different culture conditions (Lifely, M.R., et al., Glycobiology 5 (1995) 813-822).
One way to obtain large increases in potency, while maintaining a simple production process and potentially avoiding significant, undesirable side effects, is to enhance the natural, cell-mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies by engineering their oligosaccharide component as described in Umana, P. et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180 and US 6,602,684. IgG1 type antibodies, the most commonly used antibodies in cancer immunotherapy, are glycoproteins that have a conserved N-linked glycosylation site at Asn297 in each CH2 domain. The two complex biantennary oligosaccharides attached to Asn297 are buried between the CH2 domains, forming extensive contacts with the polypeptide backbone, and their presence is essential for the antibody to mediate effector functions such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (Lifely, M.R., et al., Glycobiology 5 (1995) 813-822; Jefferis, R., et al., Immunol. Rev. 163 (1998) 76; Wright, A. and Morrison, S.L., Trends Biotechnol. 15 (1997) 26-32).
It was previously shown that overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells of B(1,4)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Ill ("GnTII17y), a glycosyltransferase catalyzing the formation of bisected oligosaccharides, significantly increases the in vitro ADCC activity of an antineuroblastoma chimeric monoclonal antibody (chCE7) produced by the engineered CHO cells (see Umana, P. et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180; and WO 99/154342, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference). The antibody chCE7 belongs to a large class of unconjugated monoclonal antibodies which have high tumor affinity and specificity, but have too little potency to be clinically useful when produced in standard industrial cell lines lacking the GnTIII enzyme (Umana, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180). That study was the first to show that large increases of ADCC activity could be obtained by engineering the antibody producing cells to express GnTIII, which also led to an increase in the proportion of constant region (Fc)-associated, bisected oligosaccharides, including bisected, non-fucosylated oligosaccharides, above the levels found in naturally-occurring antibodies.
The term "cancer" as used herein includes lymphomas, lymphocytic leukemias, lung cancer, non small cell lung (NSCL) cancer, bronchioloalviolar cell lung cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the head or neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina, carcinoma of the vulva, Hodgkin's Disease, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system, cancer of the thyroid gland, cancer of the parathyroid gland, cancer of the adrenal gland, sarcoma of soft tissue, cancer of the urethra, cancer of the penis, prostate cancer, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidney or ureter, renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, mesothelioma, hepatocellular cancer, biliary cancer, neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), spinal axis tumors, brain stem glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytomas, schwanomas, ependymonas, medulloblastomas, meningiomas, squamous cell carcinomas, pituitary adenoma, including refractory versions of any of the above cancers, or a combination of one or more of the above cancers. In one embodiment, the term cancer refers to a CD20 expressing cancer.
The term "expression of the CD20" antigen is intended to indicate an significant level of expression of the CD20 antigen in a cell, preferably on the cell surface of a T- or B- cell, more preferably a B-cell, from a tumor or cancer, respectively, preferably a non-solid tumor. Patients having a "CD20 expressing cancer" can be determined by standard assays known in the art. For example CD20 antigen expression can be measured using immunohistochemical (IHC) detection, FACS or via PCR-based detection of the corresponding mRNA.
The term "CD20 expressing cancer" as used herein refers to all cancers in which the cancer cells show an expression of the CD20 antigen. Preferably CD20 expressing cancer as used herein refers to lymphomas (preferably B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL)) and lymphocytic leukemias. Such lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias include e.g. a) follicular lymphomas, b) Small Non-Cleaved Cell Lymphomas/ Burkitt's lymphoma (including endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma and Non-Burkitt's lymphoma) c) marginal zone lymphomas (including extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphomas, MALT), nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma and splenic marginal zone lymphoma), d) Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), e) Large Cell Lymphoma (including B-cell diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma, Immunoblastic Lymphoma, Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma, Angiocentric Lymphoma-Pulmonary B-Cell Lymphoma) f) hairy cell leukemia, g ) lymphocytic lymphoma, waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, h) acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/ small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, i) plasma cell neoplasms, plasma cell myeloma, multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma j) Hodgkin's disease.
In one embodiment, the CD20 expressing cancer is a B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In another embodiment, the CD20 expressing cancer is a Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), Burkitt's lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, marginal zone lymphoma, post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), HIV associated lymphoma, waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, or primary CNS
lymphoma.
The term "a method of treating" or its equivalent, when applied to, for example, cancer refers to a procedure or course of action that is designed to reduce or eliminate the number of cancer cells in a patient, or to alleviate the symptoms of a cancer. "A method of treating" cancer or another proliferative disorder does not necessarily mean that the cancer cells or other disorder will, in fact, be eliminated, that the number of cells or disorder will, in fact, be reduced, or that the symptoms of a cancer or other disorder will, in fact, be alleviated. Often, a method of treating cancer will be performed even with a low likelihood of success, but which, given the medical history and estimated survival expectancy of a patient, is nevertheless deemed to induce an overall beneficial course of action.
The terms "co-administration" or "co-administering" refer to the administration of said afucosylated anti-CD20, and said MDM2 inhibitor as two separate formulations (or as one single formulation). The co-administration can be simultaneous or sequential in either order, wherein preferably there is a time period while both (or all) active agents simultaneously exert their biological activities.
Said anti-CD20 afucosylated antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor are co-administered either simultaneously or sequentially (e.g. intravenous (i.v.) through a continuous infusion (one for the anti-CD20 antibody and eventually one for said MDM2 inhibitor; or e.g. the anti-CD20 antibody is administered intravenous (i.v.) through a continuous infusion and said MDM2 inhibitor is administered orally).
When both therapeutic agents are co-administered sequentially the dose is administered either on the same day in two separate administrations, or one of the agents is administered on day 1 and the second is co-administered on day 2 to day 7, preferably on day 2 to 4. Thus in one embodiment the term "sequentially"
means within 7 days after the dose of the first component (anti-CD20 antibody or inhibitor), preferably within 4 days after the dose of the first component;
and the term "simultaneously" means at the same time. The terms "co-administration"
with respect to the maintenance doses of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor mean that the maintenance doses can be either co-administered simultaneously, if the treatment cycle is appropriate for both drugs, e.g.
every week. Or MDM2 inhibitor is e.g. administered e.g. every first to third day and said afucosylated antibody is administered every week. Or the maintenance doses are co-administered sequentially, either within one or within several days.
It is self-evident that the antibodies are administered to the patient in a "therapeutically effective amount" (or simply "effective amount") which is the amount of the respective compound or combination that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
The amount of co-administration of said anti-CD20 afucosylated antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor and the timing of co-administration will depend on the type (species, gender, age, weight, etc.) and condition of the patient being treated and the severity of the disease or condition being treated. Said afucosylated anti-antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor are suitably co-administered to the patient at one time or over a series of treatments e.g. on the same day or on the day after.
If the administration is intravenous the initial infusion time for said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody or said MDM2 inhibitor antibody may be longer than subsequent infusion times, for instance approximately 90 minutes for the initial infusion, and approximately 30 minutes for subsequent infusions (if the initial infusion is well tolerated).
Depending on the type and severity of the disease, about 0.1 mg /kg to 50 mg/kg (e.g. 0.1-20 mg/kg) of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody; and 1 [tg /kg to mg/kg (e.g. 0.1-20 mg/kg) of said MDM2 inhibitor is an initial candidate dosage for co-administration of both drugs to the patient In one embodiment the preferred dosage of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody (preferably the afocusylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody) will be in the range from about 0.05mg/kg to about 30mg/kg. Thus, one or more doses of about 0.5mg/kg, 2.0mg/kg, 4.0mg/kg, 10mg/kg or 30mg/kg (or any combination thereof) may be co-administered to the patient. In one embodiment the preferred dosage of said MDM2 inhibitor (preferably a) 4- [4,5-Bi s(4-chl oropheny1)-2-(2-i sopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbony1]-piperazin-2-one; b) (4 S,5R)-1-[ [4-[ [4,5-bis(4-chl oropheny1)-2- [4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4,5-dim ethy1-4,5-di hy dro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]]-carb onyl] -443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propyl] -piperazine; c) 2- { 4-[(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bi s-(2-methoxy ethyl)-acetami de; or d) 2- { 1- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carb ony1]-piperidin-4-y1}-acetamide) will be in the range from about 0.05mg/kg to about 30mg/kg. Thus, one or more doses of about 0.5mg/kg, 2.0mg/kg, 4.0mg/kg, 10mg/kg or 30mg/kg (or any combination thereof) may be co-administered to the patient.
Depending on the on the type (species, gender, age, weight, etc.) and condition of the patient and on the type of afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody , the dosage and the administration schedule of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody can differ from said MDM2 inhibitor. E.g. the said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody may be administered e.g. every one to three weeks and said MDM2 inhibitor may be administered daily or every 2 to 10 days. An initial higher loading dose, followed by one or more lower doses may also be administered.
In one embodiment the preferred dosage of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody (preferably the afocusylated humanized B-Lyl antibody) will be 800 to 1600 mg( in on embodiment 800 to 1200 mg) on day 1, 8, 15 of a 3-to 6-weeks-dosage-cycle and then in a dosage of 400 to 1200 ( in one embodiment 800 to 1200 mg on day of up to nine 3- to 4-weeks-dosage-cycles.
In one embodiment the dose for a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one; b) (4 S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bi s(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl] -443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine; c) 2- { 4-[(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-1-y1} -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-b i s-(4-chl oro-pheny1)-4,5-dim ethy1-4,5-dihy dro-imidazole-1-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1}-acetamide is 10 mg/kg to 70 mg/kg, preferably 20 mg/kg to 55 mg/kg, once daily or every other day as oral administration.
The recommended dose may vary whether there is a further co-administration of chemotherapeutic agent and based on the type of chemotherapeutic agent In a embodiment, the medicament is useful for preventing or reducing metastasis or further dissemination in such a patient suffering from cancer, preferably CD20 expressing cancer. The medicament is useful for increasing the duration of survival of such a patient, increasing the progression free survival of such a patient, increasing the duration of response, resulting in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement of the treated patient as measured by the duration of survival, progression free survival, response rate or duration of response. In a preferred embodiment, the medicament is useful for increasing the response rate in a group of patients.
In the context of this invention, additional other cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or compounds that enhance the effects of such agents (e.g.
cytokines) may be used in the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment of cancer. Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended. In one embodiment, the said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment is used without such additional cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or compounds that enhance the effects of such agents.
Such agents include, for example: alkylating agents or agents with an alkylating action, such as cyclophosphamide (CTX; e.g. cytoxang), chlorambucil (CHL; e.g.
leukerang), cisplatin (CisP; e.g. platinolg) busulfan (e.g. mylerang), melphalan, carmustine (BCNU), streptozotocin, triethylenemelamine (TEM), mitomycin C, and the like; anti-metabolites, such as methotrexate (MTX), etoposide (VP16;
e.g.
vepesidg), 6-mercaptopurine (6MP), 6-thiocguanine (6TG), cytarabine (Ara-C), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine (e.g. Xelodag), dacarbazine (DTIC), and the like; antibiotics, such as actinomycin D, doxorubicin (DXR; e.g. adriamycing), daunorubicin (daunomycin), bleomycin, mithramycin and the like; alkaloids, such as vinca alkaloids such as vincristine (VCR), vinblastine, and the like; and other antitumor agents, such as paclitaxel (e.g. taxolg) and paclitaxel derivatives, the cytostatic agents, glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX; e.g. decadrong) and corticosteroids such as prednisone, nucleoside enzyme inhibitors such as hydroxyurea, amino acid depleting enzymes such as asparaginase, leucovorin and other folic acid derivatives, and similar, diverse antitumor agents. The following agents may also be used as additional agents: arnifostine (e.g. ethyolg), dactinomycin, mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), streptozocin, cyclophosphamide, lomustine (CCNU), doxorubicin lipo (e.g. doxilg), gemcitabine (e.g. gemzarg), daunorubicin lipo (e.g. daunoxomeg), procarbazine, mitomycin, docetaxel (e.g. taxotereg), aldesleukin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, cladribine, camptothecin, CPT 11 (irinotecan), 10-hydroxy 7-ethyl-camptothecin (SN38), floxuridine, fludarabine, ifosfamide, idarubicin, mesna, interferon beta, interferon alpha, mitoxantrone, topotecan, leuprolide, megestrol, melphalan, mercaptopurine, plicamycin, mitotane, pegaspargase, pentostatin, pipobroman, plicamycin, tamoxifen, teniposide, testolactone, thioguanine, thiotepa, uracil mustard, vinorelbine, chlorambucil. In one embodiment, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment is used without such additional agents.
The use of the cytotoxic and anticancer agents described above as well as antiproliferative target-specific anticancer drugs like protein kinase inhibitors in chemotherapeutic regimens is generally well characterized in the cancer therapy arts, and their use herein falls under the same considerations for monitoring tolerance and effectiveness and for controlling administration routes and dosages, with some adjustments. For example, the actual dosages of the cytotoxic agents may vary depending upon the patient's cultured cell response determined by using histoculture methods. Generally, the dosage will be reduced compared to the amount used in the absence of additional other agents.
Typical dosages of an effective cytotoxic agent can be in the ranges recommended by the manufacturer, and where indicated by in vitro responses or responses in animal models, can be reduced by up to about one order of magnitude concentration or amount. Thus, the actual dosage will depend upon the judgment of the physician, the condition of the patient, and the effectiveness of the therapeutic method based on the in vitro responsiveness of the primary cultured malignant cells or histocultured tissue sample, or the responses observed in the appropriate animal models.
In the context of this invention, an effective amount of ionizing radiation may be carried out and/or a radiopharmaceutical may be used in addition to the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment of CD20 expressing cancer. The source of radiation can be either external or internal to the patient being treated. When the source is external to the patient, the therapy is known as external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). When the source of radiation is internal to the patient, the treatment is called brachytherapy (BT).
Radioactive atoms for use in the context of this invention can be selected from the group including, but not limited to, radium, cesium-137, iridium-192, americium-241, gold-198, cobalt-57, copper-67, technetium-99, iodine-123, iodine-131, and indium-111. Is also possible to label the antibody with such radioactive isotopes. In one embodiment, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment is used without such ionizing radiation.
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for controlling unresectable or inoperable tumors and/or tumor metastases. Improved results have been seen when radiation therapy has been combined with chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is based on the principle that high-dose radiation delivered to a target area will result in the death of reproductive cells in both tumor and normal tissues. The radiation dosage regimen is generally defined in terms of radiation absorbed dose (Gy), time and fractionation, and must be carefully defined by the oncologist. The amount of radiation a patient receives will depend on various considerations, but the two most important are the location of the tumor in relation to other critical structures or organs of the body, and the extent to which the tumor has spread. A typical course of treatment for a patient undergoing radiation therapy will be a treatment schedule over a 1 to 6 week period, with a total dose of between 10 and 80 Gy administered to the patient in a single daily fraction of about 1.8 to 2.0 Gy, 5 days a week. In a preferred embodiment of this invention there is synergy when tumors in human patients are treated with the combination treatment of the invention and radiation.
In other words, the inhibition of tumor growth by means of the agents comprising the combination of the invention is enhanced when combined with radiation, optionally with additional chemotherapeutic or anticancer agents. Parameters of adjuvant radiation therapies are, for example, contained in WO 99/60023.
The afucosylated anti-CD20 antibodies are administered to a patient according to known methods, by intravenous administration as a bolus or by continuous infusion over a period of time, by intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intracerobrospinal, subcutaneous, intra-articular, intrasynovial, or intrathecal routes. In one embodiment, the administration of the antibody is intravenous or subcutaneous.
antibody and streptavidin-conjugated Allophycocyanin (APC). Test is performed in black flat-bottom 384-well plates (Costar) in a total volume of 40 uL
containing:90 nM biotinylate peptide, 160 ng/mL GST-MDM2, 20 nM
streptavidin-APC (PerkinElmerWallac), 2 nM Eu-labeled anti-GST-antibody (PerkinElmerWallac), 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) and 20 mM Tris-borate saline (TBS) buffer as follows: Add 10 uL of GST-MDM2 (640 ng/mL working solution) in reaction buffer to each well. Add 10 uL
diluted compounds (1:5 dilution in reaction buffer) to each well, mix by shaking.
Add 20 uL biotinylated p53 peptide (180 nM working solution) in reaction buffer to each well and mix on shaker. Incubate at 37 C for 1 h. Add 20 uL
streptavidin-APC and Eu-anti-GST antibody mixture (6 nM Eu-anti-GST and 60 nM
streptavidin-APC working solution) in TBS buffer with 0.2% BSA, shake at room temperature for 30 minutes and read using a TRF-capable plate reader at 665 and 615 nm (Victor 5, Perkin ElmerWallac). If not specified, the reagents were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. IC5Os showing biological activity that applies to compounds of the subject matter of this invention ranges from about 1 nM to about 1000 nM.
The oligosaccharide component can significantly affect properties relevant to the efficacy of a therapeutic glycoprotein, including physical stability, resistance to protease attack, interactions with the immune system, pharmacokinetics, and specific biological activity. Such properties may depend not only on the presence or absence, but also on the specific structures, of oligosaccharides. Some generalizations between oligosaccharide structure and glycoprotein function can be made. For example, certain oligosaccharide structures mediate rapid clearance of the glycoprotein from the bloodstream through interactions with specific carbohydrate binding proteins, while others can be bound by antibodies and trigger undesired immune reactions (Jenkins, N., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 14 (1996) 981).
Mammalian cells are the excellent hosts for production of therapeutic glycoproteins, due to their capability to glycosylate proteins in the most compatible form for human application (Cumming, D.A., et al., Glycobiology 1 (1991) 115-130; Jenkins, N., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 14 (1996) 975-981). Bacteria very rarely glycosylate proteins, and like other types of common hosts, such as yeasts, filamentous fungi, insect and plant cells, yield glycosylation patterns associated with rapid clearance from the blood stream, undesirable immune interactions, and in some specific cases, reduced biological activity. Among mammalian cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been most commonly used during the last two decades. In addition to giving suitable glycosylation patterns, these cells allow consistent generation of genetically stable, highly productive clonal cell lines. They can be cultured to high densities in simple bioreactors using serum free media, and permit the development of safe and reproducible bioprocesses. Other commonly used animal cells include baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, NSO- and SP2/0-mouse myeloma cells. More recently, production from transgenic animals has also been tested (Jenkins, N., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 14 (1996) 975-981).
All antibodies contain carbohydrate structures at conserved positions in the heavy chain constant regions, with each isotype possessing a distinct array of N-linked carbohydrate structures, which variably affect protein assembly, secretion or functional activity (Wright, A., and Morrison, S.L., Trends Biotech. 15 (1997) 32). The structure of the attached N-linked carbohydrate varies considerably, depending on the degree of processing, and can include high-mannose, multiply-branched as well as biantennary complex oligosaccharides (Wright, A., and Morrison, S.L., Trends Biotech. 15 (1997) 26-32). Typically, there is heterogeneous processing of the core oligosaccharide structures attached at a particular glycosylation site such that even monoclonal antibodies exist as multiple glycoforms. Likewise, it has been shown that major differences in antibody glycosylation occur between cell lines, and even minor differences are seen for a given cell line grown under different culture conditions (Lifely, M.R., et al., Glycobiology 5 (1995) 813-822).
One way to obtain large increases in potency, while maintaining a simple production process and potentially avoiding significant, undesirable side effects, is to enhance the natural, cell-mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies by engineering their oligosaccharide component as described in Umana, P. et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180 and US 6,602,684. IgG1 type antibodies, the most commonly used antibodies in cancer immunotherapy, are glycoproteins that have a conserved N-linked glycosylation site at Asn297 in each CH2 domain. The two complex biantennary oligosaccharides attached to Asn297 are buried between the CH2 domains, forming extensive contacts with the polypeptide backbone, and their presence is essential for the antibody to mediate effector functions such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (Lifely, M.R., et al., Glycobiology 5 (1995) 813-822; Jefferis, R., et al., Immunol. Rev. 163 (1998) 76; Wright, A. and Morrison, S.L., Trends Biotechnol. 15 (1997) 26-32).
It was previously shown that overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells of B(1,4)-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Ill ("GnTII17y), a glycosyltransferase catalyzing the formation of bisected oligosaccharides, significantly increases the in vitro ADCC activity of an antineuroblastoma chimeric monoclonal antibody (chCE7) produced by the engineered CHO cells (see Umana, P. et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180; and WO 99/154342, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference). The antibody chCE7 belongs to a large class of unconjugated monoclonal antibodies which have high tumor affinity and specificity, but have too little potency to be clinically useful when produced in standard industrial cell lines lacking the GnTIII enzyme (Umana, P., et al., Nature Biotechnol. 17 (1999) 176-180). That study was the first to show that large increases of ADCC activity could be obtained by engineering the antibody producing cells to express GnTIII, which also led to an increase in the proportion of constant region (Fc)-associated, bisected oligosaccharides, including bisected, non-fucosylated oligosaccharides, above the levels found in naturally-occurring antibodies.
The term "cancer" as used herein includes lymphomas, lymphocytic leukemias, lung cancer, non small cell lung (NSCL) cancer, bronchioloalviolar cell lung cancer, bone cancer, pancreatic cancer, skin cancer, cancer of the head or neck, cutaneous or intraocular melanoma, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, stomach cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina, carcinoma of the vulva, Hodgkin's Disease, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system, cancer of the thyroid gland, cancer of the parathyroid gland, cancer of the adrenal gland, sarcoma of soft tissue, cancer of the urethra, cancer of the penis, prostate cancer, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidney or ureter, renal cell carcinoma, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, mesothelioma, hepatocellular cancer, biliary cancer, neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS), spinal axis tumors, brain stem glioma, glioblastoma multiforme, astrocytomas, schwanomas, ependymonas, medulloblastomas, meningiomas, squamous cell carcinomas, pituitary adenoma, including refractory versions of any of the above cancers, or a combination of one or more of the above cancers. In one embodiment, the term cancer refers to a CD20 expressing cancer.
The term "expression of the CD20" antigen is intended to indicate an significant level of expression of the CD20 antigen in a cell, preferably on the cell surface of a T- or B- cell, more preferably a B-cell, from a tumor or cancer, respectively, preferably a non-solid tumor. Patients having a "CD20 expressing cancer" can be determined by standard assays known in the art. For example CD20 antigen expression can be measured using immunohistochemical (IHC) detection, FACS or via PCR-based detection of the corresponding mRNA.
The term "CD20 expressing cancer" as used herein refers to all cancers in which the cancer cells show an expression of the CD20 antigen. Preferably CD20 expressing cancer as used herein refers to lymphomas (preferably B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL)) and lymphocytic leukemias. Such lymphomas and lymphocytic leukemias include e.g. a) follicular lymphomas, b) Small Non-Cleaved Cell Lymphomas/ Burkitt's lymphoma (including endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma and Non-Burkitt's lymphoma) c) marginal zone lymphomas (including extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue lymphomas, MALT), nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma and splenic marginal zone lymphoma), d) Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), e) Large Cell Lymphoma (including B-cell diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma, Immunoblastic Lymphoma, Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma, Angiocentric Lymphoma-Pulmonary B-Cell Lymphoma) f) hairy cell leukemia, g ) lymphocytic lymphoma, waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, h) acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/ small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, i) plasma cell neoplasms, plasma cell myeloma, multiple myeloma, plasmacytoma j) Hodgkin's disease.
In one embodiment, the CD20 expressing cancer is a B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). In another embodiment, the CD20 expressing cancer is a Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL), Burkitt's lymphoma, hairy cell leukemia, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, marginal zone lymphoma, post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), HIV associated lymphoma, waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, or primary CNS
lymphoma.
The term "a method of treating" or its equivalent, when applied to, for example, cancer refers to a procedure or course of action that is designed to reduce or eliminate the number of cancer cells in a patient, or to alleviate the symptoms of a cancer. "A method of treating" cancer or another proliferative disorder does not necessarily mean that the cancer cells or other disorder will, in fact, be eliminated, that the number of cells or disorder will, in fact, be reduced, or that the symptoms of a cancer or other disorder will, in fact, be alleviated. Often, a method of treating cancer will be performed even with a low likelihood of success, but which, given the medical history and estimated survival expectancy of a patient, is nevertheless deemed to induce an overall beneficial course of action.
The terms "co-administration" or "co-administering" refer to the administration of said afucosylated anti-CD20, and said MDM2 inhibitor as two separate formulations (or as one single formulation). The co-administration can be simultaneous or sequential in either order, wherein preferably there is a time period while both (or all) active agents simultaneously exert their biological activities.
Said anti-CD20 afucosylated antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor are co-administered either simultaneously or sequentially (e.g. intravenous (i.v.) through a continuous infusion (one for the anti-CD20 antibody and eventually one for said MDM2 inhibitor; or e.g. the anti-CD20 antibody is administered intravenous (i.v.) through a continuous infusion and said MDM2 inhibitor is administered orally).
When both therapeutic agents are co-administered sequentially the dose is administered either on the same day in two separate administrations, or one of the agents is administered on day 1 and the second is co-administered on day 2 to day 7, preferably on day 2 to 4. Thus in one embodiment the term "sequentially"
means within 7 days after the dose of the first component (anti-CD20 antibody or inhibitor), preferably within 4 days after the dose of the first component;
and the term "simultaneously" means at the same time. The terms "co-administration"
with respect to the maintenance doses of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor mean that the maintenance doses can be either co-administered simultaneously, if the treatment cycle is appropriate for both drugs, e.g.
every week. Or MDM2 inhibitor is e.g. administered e.g. every first to third day and said afucosylated antibody is administered every week. Or the maintenance doses are co-administered sequentially, either within one or within several days.
It is self-evident that the antibodies are administered to the patient in a "therapeutically effective amount" (or simply "effective amount") which is the amount of the respective compound or combination that will elicit the biological or medical response of a tissue, system, animal or human that is being sought by the researcher, veterinarian, medical doctor or other clinician.
The amount of co-administration of said anti-CD20 afucosylated antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor and the timing of co-administration will depend on the type (species, gender, age, weight, etc.) and condition of the patient being treated and the severity of the disease or condition being treated. Said afucosylated anti-antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor are suitably co-administered to the patient at one time or over a series of treatments e.g. on the same day or on the day after.
If the administration is intravenous the initial infusion time for said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody or said MDM2 inhibitor antibody may be longer than subsequent infusion times, for instance approximately 90 minutes for the initial infusion, and approximately 30 minutes for subsequent infusions (if the initial infusion is well tolerated).
Depending on the type and severity of the disease, about 0.1 mg /kg to 50 mg/kg (e.g. 0.1-20 mg/kg) of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody; and 1 [tg /kg to mg/kg (e.g. 0.1-20 mg/kg) of said MDM2 inhibitor is an initial candidate dosage for co-administration of both drugs to the patient In one embodiment the preferred dosage of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody (preferably the afocusylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody) will be in the range from about 0.05mg/kg to about 30mg/kg. Thus, one or more doses of about 0.5mg/kg, 2.0mg/kg, 4.0mg/kg, 10mg/kg or 30mg/kg (or any combination thereof) may be co-administered to the patient. In one embodiment the preferred dosage of said MDM2 inhibitor (preferably a) 4- [4,5-Bi s(4-chl oropheny1)-2-(2-i sopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbony1]-piperazin-2-one; b) (4 S,5R)-1-[ [4-[ [4,5-bis(4-chl oropheny1)-2- [4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4,5-dim ethy1-4,5-di hy dro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]]-carb onyl] -443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propyl] -piperazine; c) 2- { 4-[(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bi s-(2-methoxy ethyl)-acetami de; or d) 2- { 1- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carb ony1]-piperidin-4-y1}-acetamide) will be in the range from about 0.05mg/kg to about 30mg/kg. Thus, one or more doses of about 0.5mg/kg, 2.0mg/kg, 4.0mg/kg, 10mg/kg or 30mg/kg (or any combination thereof) may be co-administered to the patient.
Depending on the on the type (species, gender, age, weight, etc.) and condition of the patient and on the type of afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody , the dosage and the administration schedule of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody can differ from said MDM2 inhibitor. E.g. the said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody may be administered e.g. every one to three weeks and said MDM2 inhibitor may be administered daily or every 2 to 10 days. An initial higher loading dose, followed by one or more lower doses may also be administered.
In one embodiment the preferred dosage of said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody (preferably the afocusylated humanized B-Lyl antibody) will be 800 to 1600 mg( in on embodiment 800 to 1200 mg) on day 1, 8, 15 of a 3-to 6-weeks-dosage-cycle and then in a dosage of 400 to 1200 ( in one embodiment 800 to 1200 mg on day of up to nine 3- to 4-weeks-dosage-cycles.
In one embodiment the dose for a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one; b) (4 S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bi s(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl] -443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine; c) 2- { 4-[(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-1-y1} -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-b i s-(4-chl oro-pheny1)-4,5-dim ethy1-4,5-dihy dro-imidazole-1-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1}-acetamide is 10 mg/kg to 70 mg/kg, preferably 20 mg/kg to 55 mg/kg, once daily or every other day as oral administration.
The recommended dose may vary whether there is a further co-administration of chemotherapeutic agent and based on the type of chemotherapeutic agent In a embodiment, the medicament is useful for preventing or reducing metastasis or further dissemination in such a patient suffering from cancer, preferably CD20 expressing cancer. The medicament is useful for increasing the duration of survival of such a patient, increasing the progression free survival of such a patient, increasing the duration of response, resulting in a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement of the treated patient as measured by the duration of survival, progression free survival, response rate or duration of response. In a preferred embodiment, the medicament is useful for increasing the response rate in a group of patients.
In the context of this invention, additional other cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or compounds that enhance the effects of such agents (e.g.
cytokines) may be used in the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment of cancer. Such molecules are suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective for the purpose intended. In one embodiment, the said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment is used without such additional cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or compounds that enhance the effects of such agents.
Such agents include, for example: alkylating agents or agents with an alkylating action, such as cyclophosphamide (CTX; e.g. cytoxang), chlorambucil (CHL; e.g.
leukerang), cisplatin (CisP; e.g. platinolg) busulfan (e.g. mylerang), melphalan, carmustine (BCNU), streptozotocin, triethylenemelamine (TEM), mitomycin C, and the like; anti-metabolites, such as methotrexate (MTX), etoposide (VP16;
e.g.
vepesidg), 6-mercaptopurine (6MP), 6-thiocguanine (6TG), cytarabine (Ara-C), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), capecitabine (e.g. Xelodag), dacarbazine (DTIC), and the like; antibiotics, such as actinomycin D, doxorubicin (DXR; e.g. adriamycing), daunorubicin (daunomycin), bleomycin, mithramycin and the like; alkaloids, such as vinca alkaloids such as vincristine (VCR), vinblastine, and the like; and other antitumor agents, such as paclitaxel (e.g. taxolg) and paclitaxel derivatives, the cytostatic agents, glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone (DEX; e.g. decadrong) and corticosteroids such as prednisone, nucleoside enzyme inhibitors such as hydroxyurea, amino acid depleting enzymes such as asparaginase, leucovorin and other folic acid derivatives, and similar, diverse antitumor agents. The following agents may also be used as additional agents: arnifostine (e.g. ethyolg), dactinomycin, mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard), streptozocin, cyclophosphamide, lomustine (CCNU), doxorubicin lipo (e.g. doxilg), gemcitabine (e.g. gemzarg), daunorubicin lipo (e.g. daunoxomeg), procarbazine, mitomycin, docetaxel (e.g. taxotereg), aldesleukin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, cladribine, camptothecin, CPT 11 (irinotecan), 10-hydroxy 7-ethyl-camptothecin (SN38), floxuridine, fludarabine, ifosfamide, idarubicin, mesna, interferon beta, interferon alpha, mitoxantrone, topotecan, leuprolide, megestrol, melphalan, mercaptopurine, plicamycin, mitotane, pegaspargase, pentostatin, pipobroman, plicamycin, tamoxifen, teniposide, testolactone, thioguanine, thiotepa, uracil mustard, vinorelbine, chlorambucil. In one embodiment, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment is used without such additional agents.
The use of the cytotoxic and anticancer agents described above as well as antiproliferative target-specific anticancer drugs like protein kinase inhibitors in chemotherapeutic regimens is generally well characterized in the cancer therapy arts, and their use herein falls under the same considerations for monitoring tolerance and effectiveness and for controlling administration routes and dosages, with some adjustments. For example, the actual dosages of the cytotoxic agents may vary depending upon the patient's cultured cell response determined by using histoculture methods. Generally, the dosage will be reduced compared to the amount used in the absence of additional other agents.
Typical dosages of an effective cytotoxic agent can be in the ranges recommended by the manufacturer, and where indicated by in vitro responses or responses in animal models, can be reduced by up to about one order of magnitude concentration or amount. Thus, the actual dosage will depend upon the judgment of the physician, the condition of the patient, and the effectiveness of the therapeutic method based on the in vitro responsiveness of the primary cultured malignant cells or histocultured tissue sample, or the responses observed in the appropriate animal models.
In the context of this invention, an effective amount of ionizing radiation may be carried out and/or a radiopharmaceutical may be used in addition to the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment of CD20 expressing cancer. The source of radiation can be either external or internal to the patient being treated. When the source is external to the patient, the therapy is known as external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). When the source of radiation is internal to the patient, the treatment is called brachytherapy (BT).
Radioactive atoms for use in the context of this invention can be selected from the group including, but not limited to, radium, cesium-137, iridium-192, americium-241, gold-198, cobalt-57, copper-67, technetium-99, iodine-123, iodine-131, and indium-111. Is also possible to label the antibody with such radioactive isotopes. In one embodiment, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor combination treatment is used without such ionizing radiation.
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for controlling unresectable or inoperable tumors and/or tumor metastases. Improved results have been seen when radiation therapy has been combined with chemotherapy. Radiation therapy is based on the principle that high-dose radiation delivered to a target area will result in the death of reproductive cells in both tumor and normal tissues. The radiation dosage regimen is generally defined in terms of radiation absorbed dose (Gy), time and fractionation, and must be carefully defined by the oncologist. The amount of radiation a patient receives will depend on various considerations, but the two most important are the location of the tumor in relation to other critical structures or organs of the body, and the extent to which the tumor has spread. A typical course of treatment for a patient undergoing radiation therapy will be a treatment schedule over a 1 to 6 week period, with a total dose of between 10 and 80 Gy administered to the patient in a single daily fraction of about 1.8 to 2.0 Gy, 5 days a week. In a preferred embodiment of this invention there is synergy when tumors in human patients are treated with the combination treatment of the invention and radiation.
In other words, the inhibition of tumor growth by means of the agents comprising the combination of the invention is enhanced when combined with radiation, optionally with additional chemotherapeutic or anticancer agents. Parameters of adjuvant radiation therapies are, for example, contained in WO 99/60023.
The afucosylated anti-CD20 antibodies are administered to a patient according to known methods, by intravenous administration as a bolus or by continuous infusion over a period of time, by intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intracerobrospinal, subcutaneous, intra-articular, intrasynovial, or intrathecal routes. In one embodiment, the administration of the antibody is intravenous or subcutaneous.
The MDM2 inhibitor is administered to a patient according to known methods, by intravenous administration as a bolus or by continuous infusion over a period of time, orally, by intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intracerobrospinal, subcutaneous, intra-articular, intrasynovial, or intrathecal routes. In one embodiment, the administration of the antibody is intravenous or orally.
As used herein, a "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" is intended to include any and all material compatible with pharmaceutical administration including solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and other materials and compounds compatible with pharmaceutical administration. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active compound, use thereof in the compositions of the invention is contemplated. Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions.
Pharmaceutical Compositions:
Pharmaceutical compositions can be obtained by processing the anti¨CD20 antibody and/or the MDM2 inhibitor according to this invention with pharmaceutically acceptable, inorganic or organic carriers. Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acids or it's salts and the like can be used, for example, as such carriers for tablets, coated tablets, dragees and hard gelatine capsules. Suitable carriers for soft gelatine capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid and liquid polyols and the like. Depending on the nature of the active substance no carriers are, however, usually required in the case of soft gelatine capsules. Suitable carriers for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oil and the like.
Suitable carriers for suppositories are, for example, natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or liquid polyols and the like.
The pharmaceutical compositions can, moreover, contain preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents or antioxidants. They can also contain still other therapeutically valuable substances.
In one embodiment of the invention the composition comprises both said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose is 60% or less (preferably said afucosylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody) and said MDM2 inhibitor for use in the treatment of cancer, in particular of CD20 expressing cancer (preferably a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemiae.g., a B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
Said pharmaceutical composition may further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition, e.g. for use in cancer, comprising (i) an effective first amount of an afucosylated anti-antibody with an amount of fucose is 60% or less (preferably an afucosylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody), and (ii) an effective second amount of a MDM2 inhibitor. Such composition optionally comprises pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and / or excipients.
Pharmaceutical compositions of the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody alone used in accordance with the present invention are prepared for storage by mixing an antibody having the desired degree of purity with optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. (ed.) (1980)), in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions. Acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride;
hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben;
catechol;
resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine;
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium;
metal complexes (e.g. Zn-protein complexes); and/or non-ionic surfactants such as TWEENTm, PLURONICSTm or polyethylene glycol (PEG).
As used herein, a "pharmaceutically acceptable carrier" is intended to include any and all material compatible with pharmaceutical administration including solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and other materials and compounds compatible with pharmaceutical administration. Except insofar as any conventional media or agent is incompatible with the active compound, use thereof in the compositions of the invention is contemplated. Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions.
Pharmaceutical Compositions:
Pharmaceutical compositions can be obtained by processing the anti¨CD20 antibody and/or the MDM2 inhibitor according to this invention with pharmaceutically acceptable, inorganic or organic carriers. Lactose, corn starch or derivatives thereof, talc, stearic acids or it's salts and the like can be used, for example, as such carriers for tablets, coated tablets, dragees and hard gelatine capsules. Suitable carriers for soft gelatine capsules are, for example, vegetable oils, waxes, fats, semi-solid and liquid polyols and the like. Depending on the nature of the active substance no carriers are, however, usually required in the case of soft gelatine capsules. Suitable carriers for the production of solutions and syrups are, for example, water, polyols, glycerol, vegetable oil and the like.
Suitable carriers for suppositories are, for example, natural or hardened oils, waxes, fats, semi-liquid or liquid polyols and the like.
The pharmaceutical compositions can, moreover, contain preservatives, solubilizers, stabilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, sweeteners, colorants, flavorants, salts for varying the osmotic pressure, buffers, masking agents or antioxidants. They can also contain still other therapeutically valuable substances.
In one embodiment of the invention the composition comprises both said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose is 60% or less (preferably said afucosylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody) and said MDM2 inhibitor for use in the treatment of cancer, in particular of CD20 expressing cancer (preferably a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemiae.g., a B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
Said pharmaceutical composition may further comprise one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition, e.g. for use in cancer, comprising (i) an effective first amount of an afucosylated anti-antibody with an amount of fucose is 60% or less (preferably an afucosylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody), and (ii) an effective second amount of a MDM2 inhibitor. Such composition optionally comprises pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and / or excipients.
Pharmaceutical compositions of the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody alone used in accordance with the present invention are prepared for storage by mixing an antibody having the desired degree of purity with optional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A. (ed.) (1980)), in the form of lyophilized formulations or aqueous solutions. Acceptable carriers, excipients, or stabilizers are nontoxic to recipients at the dosages and concentrations employed, and include buffers such as phosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants including ascorbic acid and methionine; preservatives (such as octadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride;
hexamethonium chloride; benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride; phenol, butyl or benzyl alcohol; alkyl parabens such as methyl or propyl paraben;
catechol;
resorcinol; cyclohexanol; 3-pentanol; and m-cresol); low molecular weight (less than about 10 residues) polypeptides; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, or immunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone; amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, histidine, arginine, or lysine;
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates including glucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugars such as sucrose, mannitol, trehalose or sorbitol; salt-forming counter-ions such as sodium;
metal complexes (e.g. Zn-protein complexes); and/or non-ionic surfactants such as TWEENTm, PLURONICSTm or polyethylene glycol (PEG).
Pharmaceutical compositions of antibody MDM2 inhibitors can be similar to those describe above for the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody.
Pharmaceutical compositions of small molecule MDM2 inhibitor include those suitable for oral, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), rectal, vaginal and/or parenteral administration. The compositions may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host being treated, as well as the particular mode of administration. The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will generally be that amount of a formula I compound which produces a therapeutic effect. Generally, out of one hundred percent, this amount will range from about 1 percent to about ninety-nine percent of active ingredient, preferably from about 5 percent to about 70 percent, most preferably from about 10 percent to about 30 percent. Methods of preparing these compositions include the step of bringing into association a MDM2 inhibitor with the carrier and, optionally, one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the pharmaceutical compositions of the MDM2 inhibitor are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association a MDM2 inhibitor with liquid carriers, or finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product. compositions suitable for oral administration may be in the form of capsules, cachets, sachets, pills, tablets, lozenges (using a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth), powders, granules, or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion, or as an elixir or syrup, or as pastilles (using an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia) and/or as mouth washes and the like, each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of the present invention as an active ingredient. A
compound of the present invention may also be administered as a bolus, electuary or paste.
In one further embodiment of the invention, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and the MDM2 inhibitor are formulated into two separate pharmaceutical compositions.
Pharmaceutical compositions of small molecule MDM2 inhibitor include those suitable for oral, nasal, topical (including buccal and sublingual), rectal, vaginal and/or parenteral administration. The compositions may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any methods well known in the art of pharmacy. The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host being treated, as well as the particular mode of administration. The amount of active ingredient which can be combined with a carrier material to produce a single dosage form will generally be that amount of a formula I compound which produces a therapeutic effect. Generally, out of one hundred percent, this amount will range from about 1 percent to about ninety-nine percent of active ingredient, preferably from about 5 percent to about 70 percent, most preferably from about 10 percent to about 30 percent. Methods of preparing these compositions include the step of bringing into association a MDM2 inhibitor with the carrier and, optionally, one or more accessory ingredients. In general, the pharmaceutical compositions of the MDM2 inhibitor are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association a MDM2 inhibitor with liquid carriers, or finely divided solid carriers, or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product. compositions suitable for oral administration may be in the form of capsules, cachets, sachets, pills, tablets, lozenges (using a flavored basis, usually sucrose and acacia or tragacanth), powders, granules, or as a solution or a suspension in an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid, or as an oil-in-water or water-in-oil liquid emulsion, or as an elixir or syrup, or as pastilles (using an inert base, such as gelatin and glycerin, or sucrose and acacia) and/or as mouth washes and the like, each containing a predetermined amount of a compound of the present invention as an active ingredient. A
compound of the present invention may also be administered as a bolus, electuary or paste.
In one further embodiment of the invention, the afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody and the MDM2 inhibitor are formulated into two separate pharmaceutical compositions.
The active ingredients may also be entrapped in microcapsules prepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interracial polymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose or gelatin-microcapsules and poly- (methylmethacylate) microcapsules, respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example, liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano- particles and nanocapsules) or in macroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16th edition, Osol, A. (ed.) (1980).
Sustained-release preparations may be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the antibody, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g. films, or microcapsules. Examples of sustained-release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate), or poly(vinylalcohol)), polylactides (US 3,773,919), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma-ethyl-L-glutamate, non-degradable ethylene-vinyl acetate, degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers such as the LUPRON DEPOT' (injectable microspheres composed of lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and leuprolide acetate), and poly-D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid.
The formulations to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
One embodiment is a composition comprising a humanized B-Ly 1 antibody which is afucosylated with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, and a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4, 5 -dihydro-imidazole-l-carb ony1]-piperazin-2-one; b) (45,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carb ony1]-443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propy1]-pip erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-carbony1]-piperazin-1-y1 -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperidin-4-yl} -acetamide, for the treatment of cancer.
The present invention further provides a method for the treatment of cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (i) an effective first amount of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose is 60%
or less, (preferably an afucosylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody); and (ii) an effective second amount of a MDM2 inhibitor.
In one embodiment, the amount of fucose of is between 40% and 60%.
Preferably said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer.
Preferably said CD20 expressing cancer is a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
Preferably said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is a type II anti-CD20 antibody.
Preferably said antibody is a humanized B-Lyl antibody.
Preferably said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carbony1]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5 -dihy dro-imidazol e-l-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1} -acetamide .
Preferably said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is a humanized B-Ly 1 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chl oropheny1)-2-(2-i s oprop oxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5 -di hy dro-imi dazol e-carb onyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carbony1]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1}-acetamide, and said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer, preferably a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
Sustained-release preparations may be prepared. Suitable examples of sustained-release preparations include semipermeable matrices of solid hydrophobic polymers containing the antibody, which matrices are in the form of shaped articles, e.g. films, or microcapsules. Examples of sustained-release matrices include polyesters, hydrogels (for example, poly(2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate), or poly(vinylalcohol)), polylactides (US 3,773,919), copolymers of L-glutamic acid and gamma-ethyl-L-glutamate, non-degradable ethylene-vinyl acetate, degradable lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymers such as the LUPRON DEPOT' (injectable microspheres composed of lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer and leuprolide acetate), and poly-D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyric acid.
The formulations to be used for in vivo administration must be sterile. This is readily accomplished by filtration through sterile filtration membranes.
One embodiment is a composition comprising a humanized B-Ly 1 antibody which is afucosylated with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, and a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4, 5 -dihydro-imidazole-l-carb ony1]-piperazin-2-one; b) (45,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carb ony1]-443 -(methyl sulfonyl)propy1]-pip erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-carbony1]-piperazin-1-y1 -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperidin-4-yl} -acetamide, for the treatment of cancer.
The present invention further provides a method for the treatment of cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment (i) an effective first amount of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose is 60%
or less, (preferably an afucosylated humanized B-Ly 1 antibody); and (ii) an effective second amount of a MDM2 inhibitor.
In one embodiment, the amount of fucose of is between 40% and 60%.
Preferably said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer.
Preferably said CD20 expressing cancer is a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
Preferably said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is a type II anti-CD20 antibody.
Preferably said antibody is a humanized B-Lyl antibody.
Preferably said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carbony1]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5 -dihy dro-imidazol e-l-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1} -acetamide .
Preferably said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is a humanized B-Ly 1 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chl oropheny1)-2-(2-i s oprop oxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5 -di hy dro-imi dazol e-carb onyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carbony1]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1}-acetamide, and said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer, preferably a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
As used herein, the term "patient" preferably refers to a human in need of treatment with an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody (e.g. a patient suffering from CD20 expressing cancer) for any purpose, and more preferably a human in need of such a treatment to treat cancer, or a precancerous condition or lesion. However, the term "patient" can also refer to non-human animals, preferably mammals such as dogs, cats, horses, cows, pigs, sheep and non-human primates, among others.
The invention further comprises an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose is 60% or less, and a MDM2 inhibitor for use in the treatment of cancer.
Preferably said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is a humanized B-Lyl antibody.
Preferably said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carb ony1]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5 -dihy dro-imidazol e-l-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1} -acetamide.
Preferably said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is a humanized B-Ly 1 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-i s oprop oxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5 -di hy dro-imi dazol e-carb onyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carb ony1]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1}-acetamide, and said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer, preferably a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
The invention further comprises an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose is 60% or less, and a MDM2 inhibitor for use in the treatment of cancer.
Preferably said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is a humanized B-Lyl antibody.
Preferably said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carb ony1]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4, 5 -dihy dro-imidazol e-l-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1} -acetamide.
Preferably said afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody is a humanized B-Ly 1 antibody and said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of: a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-i s oprop oxy-4-methoxy-pheny1)-4,5 -di hy dro-imi dazol e-carb onyl] -piperazin-2-one; b) (4S,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-pheny1]-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-4-[3 -(methyl sul fonyl)propyl] -pi p erazine; c) 2- { 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Buty1-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5-bi s-(4-chloro-pheny1)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazol e-1-carb ony1]-piperazin-1-y1 } -N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2- { 1-[(4 S, 5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyri din-3 -y1)-4,5 -bi s-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbony1]-piperidin-4-y1}-acetamide, and said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer, preferably a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
The following examples and figures are provided to aid the understanding of the present invention, the true scope of which is set forth in the appended claims. It is understood that modifications can be made in the procedures set forth without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Sequence Listing SEQ ID NO: 1 amino acid sequence of variable region of the heavy chain (VH) of murine monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody B-Lyl.
SEQ ID NO: 2 amino acid sequence of variable region of the light chain (VL) of murine monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody B-Lyl.
SEQ ID NO: 3 -19 amino acid sequences of variable region of the heavy chain (VH) of humanized B-Lyl antibodies (B-HH2 to B-HH9, B-HL8, and B-HL10 to B-HL17) SEQ ID NO: 20 amino acid sequences of variable region of the light chain (VL) of humanized B-Lyl antibody B-KV1 Experimental Procedures Example 1:
Direct cell death/Apoptosis induction in CLL cells during combined treatment of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with MDM2 inhibitor Test compounds:
-GA101: (= afucosylated type II anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE (=
humanized B-Ly 1, glycoengineered B-HH6-B-KV1, see WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875) -Nutlin, also called Nutlin-3: (=444,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4, 5 -dihydro-imi dazol e-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one) Patient samples Peripheral blood was drawn from CLL patients (diagnosed according to the NCI-WG guidelines). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation (Pharmacia Biotech, Roosendaal, the Netherlands) and either used immediately or stored in liquid nitrogen. During all in vitro experiments, cells were maintained in culture medium: Iscove's modified Dulbecco medium (IMDM: Gibco Life technology, Paisley, USA) supplemented with 10% heatinactivated fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 U/ml penicillin, 100m/m1 gentamycin and 0.00036% P-mercaptoethanol. All samples contained at least 90%
CD5+/CD19+ cells as assessed via flow cytometry. P53 dysfunction of patient samples was assessed with cytogenetics (Del 17p13) in combination with multiplex quantification of p53 target gene induction as described earlier (32). The studies were approved by the Ethical Review Board of the Institute and conducted in agreement with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, revised in 1983.
In vitro CD40 ligand stimulation of CLL cells PBMC from CLL patients (> 90% CD5+ CD19+ cells) were stimulated with CD40 ligand (CD4OL) transfected NIH3T3 (3T40L) cells as described previously (5).
Briefly, 5.106 CLL cells/well were added to 6-well plates coated with irradiated (30 Gy) CD4OL transfected NIH3T3 cells. Non-transfected 3T3 cells were used as negative controls. After 3 days, CLL cells were gently removed from the fibroblast layer and used in further experiments.
Induction and analysis of direct cell death/apoptosis For direct cell death/apoptosis induction 3T3 or 3T40L stimulated CLL cells (at a concentration of 1,5.106/ml) were incubated with the indicated anti-CD20 mAbs (10 [tg/m1). Crosslinking GAH (goat anti-human) antibody (indicated as XL) (50 [tg/m1) was added 30 minutes after the CD20 mAbs. In combination experiments, cells were incubated with GA101 and Nutlin at 5 and 10 for 48hrs.
Direct cell death/apoptosis was analyzed by evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential with MitoTracker orange (Molecular probes, Leiden, The Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's recommendations or by Annexin V/PI staining as described previously (34). The percentage apoptotic cells was calculated as follows: 100% - annV-/PI- (viable) cells. In some experiments, data are expressed as specific cell death (due to heterogeneous levels of basal apoptosis), which was defined as: % cell death in stimulated cells - % cell death in medium control.
Sequence Listing SEQ ID NO: 1 amino acid sequence of variable region of the heavy chain (VH) of murine monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody B-Lyl.
SEQ ID NO: 2 amino acid sequence of variable region of the light chain (VL) of murine monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody B-Lyl.
SEQ ID NO: 3 -19 amino acid sequences of variable region of the heavy chain (VH) of humanized B-Lyl antibodies (B-HH2 to B-HH9, B-HL8, and B-HL10 to B-HL17) SEQ ID NO: 20 amino acid sequences of variable region of the light chain (VL) of humanized B-Lyl antibody B-KV1 Experimental Procedures Example 1:
Direct cell death/Apoptosis induction in CLL cells during combined treatment of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with MDM2 inhibitor Test compounds:
-GA101: (= afucosylated type II anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE (=
humanized B-Ly 1, glycoengineered B-HH6-B-KV1, see WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875) -Nutlin, also called Nutlin-3: (=444,5-Bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4, 5 -dihydro-imi dazol e-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one) Patient samples Peripheral blood was drawn from CLL patients (diagnosed according to the NCI-WG guidelines). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation (Pharmacia Biotech, Roosendaal, the Netherlands) and either used immediately or stored in liquid nitrogen. During all in vitro experiments, cells were maintained in culture medium: Iscove's modified Dulbecco medium (IMDM: Gibco Life technology, Paisley, USA) supplemented with 10% heatinactivated fetal calf serum (FCS), 100 U/ml penicillin, 100m/m1 gentamycin and 0.00036% P-mercaptoethanol. All samples contained at least 90%
CD5+/CD19+ cells as assessed via flow cytometry. P53 dysfunction of patient samples was assessed with cytogenetics (Del 17p13) in combination with multiplex quantification of p53 target gene induction as described earlier (32). The studies were approved by the Ethical Review Board of the Institute and conducted in agreement with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, revised in 1983.
In vitro CD40 ligand stimulation of CLL cells PBMC from CLL patients (> 90% CD5+ CD19+ cells) were stimulated with CD40 ligand (CD4OL) transfected NIH3T3 (3T40L) cells as described previously (5).
Briefly, 5.106 CLL cells/well were added to 6-well plates coated with irradiated (30 Gy) CD4OL transfected NIH3T3 cells. Non-transfected 3T3 cells were used as negative controls. After 3 days, CLL cells were gently removed from the fibroblast layer and used in further experiments.
Induction and analysis of direct cell death/apoptosis For direct cell death/apoptosis induction 3T3 or 3T40L stimulated CLL cells (at a concentration of 1,5.106/ml) were incubated with the indicated anti-CD20 mAbs (10 [tg/m1). Crosslinking GAH (goat anti-human) antibody (indicated as XL) (50 [tg/m1) was added 30 minutes after the CD20 mAbs. In combination experiments, cells were incubated with GA101 and Nutlin at 5 and 10 for 48hrs.
Direct cell death/apoptosis was analyzed by evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential with MitoTracker orange (Molecular probes, Leiden, The Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's recommendations or by Annexin V/PI staining as described previously (34). The percentage apoptotic cells was calculated as follows: 100% - annV-/PI- (viable) cells. In some experiments, data are expressed as specific cell death (due to heterogeneous levels of basal apoptosis), which was defined as: % cell death in stimulated cells - % cell death in medium control.
Results:
Additive cell death induction in drug resistant CLL cells by combination treatment of GA101 and MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin).We tested the effect of a combination treatment of GA101 with MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin) in CD40-stimulated CLL cells with mutated (n=7) and unmutated (n=5) IgVH genes and p53 dysfunctional CLL
cells (n=3).
CD40-stimulated CLL cells were incubated with different concentrations nutlin alone or in combination with GA101 or GXL. After 48 hours cell death was analyzed by measuring mitoTracker signal by flow cytometry. Averaged results are presented as percentage cell death (mean SEM). .01<p< .05 *, .001<p.01 **, p.001 *** M=mutated, UM=ummutated, p53d=p53 dysfunctional. Black bars indicate control, white bars low concentration and grey bars high concentration Nutlin (5 and 10 [NI). Results are shown in Figure 1.
Example 2:
In vivo antitumor efficacy of the combination treatment of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an MDM2 inhibitor Experimental Procedures Antitumor activity of combined treatment of a type II anti-CD20 antibody (B-IIII6-B-KY1 GE) with the MDM2 inhibitor (4S,5R)-1-114-114,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-14-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-pheny11-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-111-imidazol-1-y111-carbony11-4-13-(methylsulfonyl)propyll-piperazine Test agents -GA101: (= afucosylated type II anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE (=
humanized B-Ly 1, glycoengineered B-HH6-B-KV1, see WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875) was provided as stock solution (c=9.4 mg/ml) from GlycArt, Schlieren, Switzerland. Antibody buffer included histidine, trehalose and polysorbate 20. Antibody solution was diluted appropriately in PBS from stock for prior injections.
-MDM2 inhibitor (4 S,5R)-1- [[4- [[4,5 -bi s(4-chl oropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-443 -(methylsulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine was provided from Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, USA.
Cell lines and culture conditions The human Z138 mantle cell lymphoma cell line is routinely cultured in DMEM
supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (PAA Laboratories, Austria) and 2 mM
L-glutamine at 37 C in a water-saturated atmosphere at 8% CO2. Cells were co-injected with Matrigel.
Animals Female SCID beige mice; age 7 weeks at arrival (purchased from Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany) were maintained under specific-pathogen-free condition with daily cycles of 12 h light /12 h darkness according to committed guidelines (GV-Solas; Felasa; TierschG). Experimental study protocol was reviewed and approved by local government. After arrival animals were maintained in the quarantine part of the animal facility for one week to get accustomed to new environment and for observation. Continuous health monitoring was carried out on regular basis.
Diet food (Provimi Kliba 3337) and water (acidified pH 2.5-3) were provided ad libitum.
Monitoring Animals were controlled daily for clinical symptoms and detection of adverse effects. For monitoring throughout the experiment body weight of animals was documented two times weekly and tumor volume was measured by caliper after staging.
Treatment of animals Animal treatment was started at the day of randomisation 17 days after tumor cell inoculation. Humanized type II anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE (= GA101) or Rituximab were administered as single agents i.p. q7d once weekly for 3 weeks at dosages of 0.5 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding vehicle was administered on the same days. The MDM2 inhibitor (45,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chl oropheny1)-2- [4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4,5-dim ethy1-4,5-di hy dro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-443-(methylsulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine (= Nutlin, see figure 2 and 3) was given p.o. once daily, three times weekly over 18 days at dosages of 75 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg.
Tumor growth inhibition study in vivo ( Results see Figure 2 and Figure 3) On day 35 after tumor cell inoculation, there was tumor growth inhibition of 44%, 59 %, 35% or 78% in the animals given rituximab, anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE or the MDM2 inhibitor at 75 mg/kg (Figure 2) or 150 mg/kg (Figure 3), respectively, compared to the control group (see Figure 2 and Figure 3).
Combination of ritmdmab with the MDM2 inhibitor at 75 mg/kg (Figure 2) or 150 mg/kg (Figure 3) yielded tumor growth inhibition of 79% or 101%, respectively.
Combination of anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE with the MDM2 inhibitor at 75 mg/kg (Figure 2) or 150 mg/kg (Figure 3) yielded tumor growth inhibition of 87% or 106%, respectively.
Additive cell death induction in drug resistant CLL cells by combination treatment of GA101 and MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin).We tested the effect of a combination treatment of GA101 with MDM2 inhibitors (Nutlin) in CD40-stimulated CLL cells with mutated (n=7) and unmutated (n=5) IgVH genes and p53 dysfunctional CLL
cells (n=3).
CD40-stimulated CLL cells were incubated with different concentrations nutlin alone or in combination with GA101 or GXL. After 48 hours cell death was analyzed by measuring mitoTracker signal by flow cytometry. Averaged results are presented as percentage cell death (mean SEM). .01<p< .05 *, .001<p.01 **, p.001 *** M=mutated, UM=ummutated, p53d=p53 dysfunctional. Black bars indicate control, white bars low concentration and grey bars high concentration Nutlin (5 and 10 [NI). Results are shown in Figure 1.
Example 2:
In vivo antitumor efficacy of the combination treatment of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an MDM2 inhibitor Experimental Procedures Antitumor activity of combined treatment of a type II anti-CD20 antibody (B-IIII6-B-KY1 GE) with the MDM2 inhibitor (4S,5R)-1-114-114,5-bis(4-chloropheny1)-2-14-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-pheny11-4,5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-111-imidazol-1-y111-carbony11-4-13-(methylsulfonyl)propyll-piperazine Test agents -GA101: (= afucosylated type II anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE (=
humanized B-Ly 1, glycoengineered B-HH6-B-KV1, see WO 2005/044859 and WO 2007/031875) was provided as stock solution (c=9.4 mg/ml) from GlycArt, Schlieren, Switzerland. Antibody buffer included histidine, trehalose and polysorbate 20. Antibody solution was diluted appropriately in PBS from stock for prior injections.
-MDM2 inhibitor (4 S,5R)-1- [[4- [[4,5 -bi s(4-chl oropheny1)-244-(tert-buty1)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4, 5-dimethy1-4,5-dihydro-1H-imi dazol-1-yl]] -carb ony1]-443 -(methylsulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine was provided from Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, USA.
Cell lines and culture conditions The human Z138 mantle cell lymphoma cell line is routinely cultured in DMEM
supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (PAA Laboratories, Austria) and 2 mM
L-glutamine at 37 C in a water-saturated atmosphere at 8% CO2. Cells were co-injected with Matrigel.
Animals Female SCID beige mice; age 7 weeks at arrival (purchased from Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany) were maintained under specific-pathogen-free condition with daily cycles of 12 h light /12 h darkness according to committed guidelines (GV-Solas; Felasa; TierschG). Experimental study protocol was reviewed and approved by local government. After arrival animals were maintained in the quarantine part of the animal facility for one week to get accustomed to new environment and for observation. Continuous health monitoring was carried out on regular basis.
Diet food (Provimi Kliba 3337) and water (acidified pH 2.5-3) were provided ad libitum.
Monitoring Animals were controlled daily for clinical symptoms and detection of adverse effects. For monitoring throughout the experiment body weight of animals was documented two times weekly and tumor volume was measured by caliper after staging.
Treatment of animals Animal treatment was started at the day of randomisation 17 days after tumor cell inoculation. Humanized type II anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE (= GA101) or Rituximab were administered as single agents i.p. q7d once weekly for 3 weeks at dosages of 0.5 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg, respectively. The corresponding vehicle was administered on the same days. The MDM2 inhibitor (45,5R)-14[44[4,5-bis(4-chl oropheny1)-2- [4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl] -4,5-dim ethy1-4,5-di hy dro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-443-(methylsulfonyl)propy1]-piperazine (= Nutlin, see figure 2 and 3) was given p.o. once daily, three times weekly over 18 days at dosages of 75 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg.
Tumor growth inhibition study in vivo ( Results see Figure 2 and Figure 3) On day 35 after tumor cell inoculation, there was tumor growth inhibition of 44%, 59 %, 35% or 78% in the animals given rituximab, anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE or the MDM2 inhibitor at 75 mg/kg (Figure 2) or 150 mg/kg (Figure 3), respectively, compared to the control group (see Figure 2 and Figure 3).
Combination of ritmdmab with the MDM2 inhibitor at 75 mg/kg (Figure 2) or 150 mg/kg (Figure 3) yielded tumor growth inhibition of 79% or 101%, respectively.
Combination of anti-CD20 antibody B-HH6-B-KV1 GE with the MDM2 inhibitor at 75 mg/kg (Figure 2) or 150 mg/kg (Figure 3) yielded tumor growth inhibition of 87% or 106%, respectively.
Claims (19)
1. An afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
2. The antibody according to claim 1, characterized in that said cancer is a CD20 expressing cancer.
3. The antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that said CD20 expressing cancer is a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
4. The antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said anti-CD20 antibody is a humanized B-Ly1 antibody.
5. The antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said MDM2 inhibitor is a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one;
b) (4S,5R)-1-[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-piperazine;
c) 2-{4-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2-{1-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-acetamide.
b) (4S,5R)-1-[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-piperazine;
c) 2-{4-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2-{1-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-acetamide.
6. The antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one or more additional other cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or compounds or ionizing radiation that enhance the effects of such agents are administered.
7. A composition comprising a humanized B-Ly1 antibody which afucosylated with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, and a MDM2 inhibitor which is selected from the group consisting:
a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one;
b) (48,5R)-1-[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-piperazine;
c) 2-{4-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2-{1-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-acetamide, for the treatment of cancer.
a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one;
b) (48,5R)-1-[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-piperazine;
c) 2-{4-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-1-yl}-N,N-bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide; or d) 2-{1-[(4S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,5-bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-acetamide, for the treatment of cancer.
8. A method of treatment of patient suffering from cancer by administering an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60% or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor, to a patient in the need of such treatment.
9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that said cancer is a expressing cancer.
10. The method according to claims 8 to 9 characterized in that said CD20 expressing cancer is a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
11. The method according to claims 8 to 10, characterized in that said anti-antibody is a humanized B-Ly1 antibody.
12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that said MDM2 inhibitor is selected from the group consisting:
a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one;
b) (4S,5R)-1-[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-piperazine;
c) 2-{4- (48,5R) -2- (6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl) -4,5-bis- (4 -chloro-ph enyl) -4, 5- dimethyl-4,5- dihydro-imidazole-1 - carbonyl] -piperazin-1 -yl}-N,N-bis -(2-meth oxyethyl) - acetamide; or d) 2-{1- (48,5R) -2- (6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl) -4,5-bis- (4-chloro-ph enyl) -4,5- dimethyl-4, 5-dihydro-imidazole-1 - carbonyl] -piperidin-4-yl} - acetamide.
a) 4-[4,5-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one;
b) (4S,5R)-1-[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-piperazine;
c) 2-{4- (48,5R) -2- (6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl) -4,5-bis- (4 -chloro-ph enyl) -4, 5- dimethyl-4,5- dihydro-imidazole-1 - carbonyl] -piperazin-1 -yl}-N,N-bis -(2-meth oxyethyl) - acetamide; or d) 2-{1- (48,5R) -2- (6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3-yl) -4,5-bis- (4-chloro-ph enyl) -4,5- dimethyl-4, 5-dihydro-imidazole-1 - carbonyl] -piperidin-4-yl} - acetamide.
13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that one or more additional other cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or compounds or ionizing radiation that enhance the effects of such agents are administered.
14. Use of an afucosylated anti-CD20 antibody with an amount of fucose of 60%
or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
or less of the total amount of oligosaccharides (sugars) at Asn297, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of cancer in combination with a MDM2 inhibitor.
15. The use according to claim 14, characterized in that said cancer is a expressing cancer.
16. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that said CD20 expressing cancer is a lymphoma or lymphocytic leukemia.
17. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that said anti-CD20 antibody is a humanized B-Ly1 antibody.
18. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that said MDM2 inhibitor is a) 4- [4,5 -Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-isopropoxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-4,5-dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl]-piperazin-2-one;
b) (4S,5R)-1[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-piperazine;
c) 2- 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -yl)-4,5 -bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5 -dimethyl-4, 5 -dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl] -piperazin-1-yl}-N,N-bi s-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide ; or d) 2- 1-[(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -yl)-4,5 -bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5 -dimethyl-4, 5 -dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl] -piperidin-4-yl}-acetamide.
b) (4S,5R)-1[[4-[[4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2-[4-(tert-butyl)-2-ethoxy-phenyl]-4,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]]-carbonyl]-4-[3-(methylsulfonyl)propyl]-piperazine;
c) 2- 4- [(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -yl)-4,5 -bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5 -dimethyl-4, 5 -dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl] -piperazin-1-yl}-N,N-bi s-(2-methoxyethyl)-acetamide ; or d) 2- 1-[(4 S,5R)-2-(6-tert-Butyl-4-ethoxy-pyridin-3 -yl)-4,5 -bis-(4-chloro-phenyl)-4,5 -dimethyl-4, 5 -dihydro-imidazole-1-carbonyl] -piperidin-4-yl}-acetamide.
19. The use according to any one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that one or more additional other cytotoxic, chemotherapeutic or anti-cancer agents, or compounds or ionizing radiation that enhance the effects of such agents are administered.
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EP10195475 | 2010-12-16 | ||
PCT/EP2011/072883 WO2012080389A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 | 2011-12-15 | Combination therapy of an afucosylated cd20 antibody with a mdm2 inhibitor |
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EP (1) | EP2651976A1 (en) |
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WO2012080389A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
KR20130088170A (en) | 2013-08-07 |
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US20140140988A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
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