CA2734574A1 - Composite material and method for the production of a filled tubular bag - Google Patents
Composite material and method for the production of a filled tubular bag Download PDFInfo
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- CA2734574A1 CA2734574A1 CA2734574A CA2734574A CA2734574A1 CA 2734574 A1 CA2734574 A1 CA 2734574A1 CA 2734574 A CA2734574 A CA 2734574A CA 2734574 A CA2734574 A CA 2734574A CA 2734574 A1 CA2734574 A1 CA 2734574A1
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
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- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/30—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
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- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
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- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
- B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/202—Conductive
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/402—Coloured
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/412—Transparent
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
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- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
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- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
- B32B2439/70—Food packaging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
- B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
- B65B9/2056—Machines for packages of special type or form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
- B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
- B65B9/207—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles the web advancing continuously
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- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
- B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
- B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
- B65B9/213—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles the web having intermittent motion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a composite material comprising a composite film for the production of a tubular bag (7) according to a form-fill-seal method, or made of a cardboard composite. The present invention provides a composite mate-rial that may be reshaped by means of thermal radiation or ultrasonic application, and which after respective application assumes a sufficiently dimensionally stable, three-dimensional state such that packages or other articles can be produced in the desired sha-pe. In this regard the present invention provides a composite material consisting of a composite film (1), or of a cardboard compo-site, comprising a first layer (2), a material (3) sensitive to radiation, and a second layer (4) connected to the first layer (2) by means of a heat sensitive laminating adhesive which is provided in a region of the material (3) sensitive to radiation, and/or in a region that is recessed by the material (3) sensitive to radiation, and forms an increased adhesive effect upon the supply of heat by means of thermal radiation or ultrasonic application.
Description
Composite material and method for the production of a filled tubular bag The present invention relates to a composite material consisting of a composite film for the production of a tubular bag according to a form-fill-seal method, or of a cardboard composite, wherein the composite material comprises a first layer, a radiation-sensitive material and a second layer connected to the first layer by means of a laminating adhesive, and to a form-fill-seal method using composite material consisting of such a composite film for the production of a tubular bag.
A tubular bag produced by means of the aforementioned generally known form-fill-seal method is used, for example, in the packaging technology for packing foodstuffs or other granular materials. Documents DE 33 45 459 and US 4,288,965 each disclose devices suited for the performance of the form-fill-seal method. A tubular bag produced in this way can be suitable, for example, for microwaves in order heat up foodstuffs packed in said bag in a microwave oven without laboriously removing the packaging in advance. Usually, single-layer or multi-layer films comprising a microwave-sensitive material are used for the production of such a tubular bag. In general, a microwave-sensitive material is a material which, when microwaves are applied to the material, is excited by the microwaves acting on the material to generate heat and dissipate the heat directly to its environment. Such materials are also called susceptors.
A multi-layer film suited for the production of foodstuff packagings is known, for example, from US 5,308,945, which comprises a microwave-sensitive material.
This material is provided to achieve a browning of the packaged foodstuff due to its heat radiation property at a correspondingly high temperature when microwaves are applied. The heat radiation of the microwave-sensitive material is also used to shrink a film layer, which serves as a substrate for the material and which is particularly an oriented polyester, in the region of the microwave-sensitive material by a recession of the orientation when microwaves are applied, such that a temperature can rise faster in the region of the radiation-sensitive material and can be kept constant when a
A tubular bag produced by means of the aforementioned generally known form-fill-seal method is used, for example, in the packaging technology for packing foodstuffs or other granular materials. Documents DE 33 45 459 and US 4,288,965 each disclose devices suited for the performance of the form-fill-seal method. A tubular bag produced in this way can be suitable, for example, for microwaves in order heat up foodstuffs packed in said bag in a microwave oven without laboriously removing the packaging in advance. Usually, single-layer or multi-layer films comprising a microwave-sensitive material are used for the production of such a tubular bag. In general, a microwave-sensitive material is a material which, when microwaves are applied to the material, is excited by the microwaves acting on the material to generate heat and dissipate the heat directly to its environment. Such materials are also called susceptors.
A multi-layer film suited for the production of foodstuff packagings is known, for example, from US 5,308,945, which comprises a microwave-sensitive material.
This material is provided to achieve a browning of the packaged foodstuff due to its heat radiation property at a correspondingly high temperature when microwaves are applied. The heat radiation of the microwave-sensitive material is also used to shrink a film layer, which serves as a substrate for the material and which is particularly an oriented polyester, in the region of the microwave-sensitive material by a recession of the orientation when microwaves are applied, such that a temperature can rise faster in the region of the radiation-sensitive material and can be kept constant when a
2 predetermined temperature level is reached. To this end, the oriented polyester layer is coated with a thermally stable adhesive containing a microwave-sensitive material, which largely maintains its adhesive property with respect to the heat radiation of the microwave-sensitive material when subjected to microwaves. The so coated layer is deposited by a similar or identical thermally stable adhesive without microwave-sensitive material fractions onto a thermally stable substrate such as paper or cardboard, which does not shrink when the microwave-sensitive material radiates heat. The adhesive used between the polyester layer and the substrate also has the property to permit the polyester layer to shrink in a predefined way when microwaves are applied. Such a film is to allow a fast and uniform heating of packaged foodstuffs along with a certain degree of browning.
However, in the generic prior art a rigidity or stability, respectively, of a packaging produced from the prior film during and/or after the application of microwaves is entirely disregarded. Therefore, packagings produced from such films may be devoid of a necessary stability after the application of microwaves in order to serve, specifically after opening the package, as a sufficiently rigid container for receiving bulk materials or as a sufficiently rigid container for offering foodstuffs when used as foodstuff packaging.
It is one object of the present invention to provide a composite material consisting of a composite film for the production of a tubular bag according to a form-fill-seal method, or of a cardboard composite, wherein the composite material can be deformed by the supply of heat, especially by the application of heat radiation or microwaves, and, after the respective application, assumes a sufficiently dimensionally stable, preferably three-dimensional state such that packages or other articles can be produced in a desired shape.
In view of this object the present invention proposes a composite material comprising a first layer, a radiation-sensitive material and a second layer connected to the first layer by means of a heat-sensitive laminating adhesive. The heat-sensitive material is selected such that, when heat radiation is applied, e.g. by the supply of hot air in a baking oven, the material is preferably heated to a greater extent than the first and a r
However, in the generic prior art a rigidity or stability, respectively, of a packaging produced from the prior film during and/or after the application of microwaves is entirely disregarded. Therefore, packagings produced from such films may be devoid of a necessary stability after the application of microwaves in order to serve, specifically after opening the package, as a sufficiently rigid container for receiving bulk materials or as a sufficiently rigid container for offering foodstuffs when used as foodstuff packaging.
It is one object of the present invention to provide a composite material consisting of a composite film for the production of a tubular bag according to a form-fill-seal method, or of a cardboard composite, wherein the composite material can be deformed by the supply of heat, especially by the application of heat radiation or microwaves, and, after the respective application, assumes a sufficiently dimensionally stable, preferably three-dimensional state such that packages or other articles can be produced in a desired shape.
In view of this object the present invention proposes a composite material comprising a first layer, a radiation-sensitive material and a second layer connected to the first layer by means of a heat-sensitive laminating adhesive. The heat-sensitive material is selected such that, when heat radiation is applied, e.g. by the supply of hot air in a baking oven, the material is preferably heated to a greater extent than the first and a r
3 second layer and can dissipate this heat directly to its environment.
Alternatively or additionally, the radiation-sensitive material can also be adapted such that the material is excited by the microwaves acting on the material during the application of microwaves, thus generating heat and dissipating the heat directly to its environment.
The radiation-sensitive material may be a constituent of the first or second layer, or a separate layer connected to the first or second layer.
A heat-sensitive laminating adhesive in terms of the present invention is an adhesive which develops its adhesive effect under the influence of heat by means of a cross-linking reaction particularly between its surface molecules and those of the layers to be connected in such a way that the adhesive effect is increased in a predetermined manner when heat is supplied, as compared to its adhesive effect prior to the heat supply. Thus, an improved rigidity between the first and second layer can be achieved in the region of the laminating adhesive during the action of heat, so that the composite material, especially the composite material consisting of the composite film can already develop a considerably more stable composite when heat radiation and/or microwaves are applied, e.g. a sufficiently dimensionally stable container for foodstuffs or other articles. The heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is here provided in a region of the radiation-sensitive material. The use of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive in these regions permits a fast achievement of a required solidity and stability when heat radiation and/or microwaves is/are applied. Alternatively, the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive may be provided in a region in which the radiation-sensitive material has been omitted. Thus, as compared with the aforementioned alternative, the commencing rigidity can be delayed in terms of time in a simple manner, so that a required solidity of different regions of the container to be formed can be optimally adjusted with respect to each other. Moreover, the heat emitted by the radiation-sensitive material can get through to the first layer without a loss of heat induced by the laminating adhesive, and can be emitted into a predetermined region of the packaging, e.g. for browning foodstuffs. Also, it is possible to provide the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive over the full surface. In other words, the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is provided in a region of the radiation-sensitive material as well as in a region spared by the radiation-sensitive material. Thus, a higher rigidity over the entire surface of the composite film is achieved in a simple manner.
Alternatively or additionally, the radiation-sensitive material can also be adapted such that the material is excited by the microwaves acting on the material during the application of microwaves, thus generating heat and dissipating the heat directly to its environment.
The radiation-sensitive material may be a constituent of the first or second layer, or a separate layer connected to the first or second layer.
A heat-sensitive laminating adhesive in terms of the present invention is an adhesive which develops its adhesive effect under the influence of heat by means of a cross-linking reaction particularly between its surface molecules and those of the layers to be connected in such a way that the adhesive effect is increased in a predetermined manner when heat is supplied, as compared to its adhesive effect prior to the heat supply. Thus, an improved rigidity between the first and second layer can be achieved in the region of the laminating adhesive during the action of heat, so that the composite material, especially the composite material consisting of the composite film can already develop a considerably more stable composite when heat radiation and/or microwaves are applied, e.g. a sufficiently dimensionally stable container for foodstuffs or other articles. The heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is here provided in a region of the radiation-sensitive material. The use of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive in these regions permits a fast achievement of a required solidity and stability when heat radiation and/or microwaves is/are applied. Alternatively, the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive may be provided in a region in which the radiation-sensitive material has been omitted. Thus, as compared with the aforementioned alternative, the commencing rigidity can be delayed in terms of time in a simple manner, so that a required solidity of different regions of the container to be formed can be optimally adjusted with respect to each other. Moreover, the heat emitted by the radiation-sensitive material can get through to the first layer without a loss of heat induced by the laminating adhesive, and can be emitted into a predetermined region of the packaging, e.g. for browning foodstuffs. Also, it is possible to provide the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive over the full surface. In other words, the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is provided in a region of the radiation-sensitive material as well as in a region spared by the radiation-sensitive material. Thus, a higher rigidity over the entire surface of the composite film is achieved in a simple manner.
4 According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention the first layer is a heat-shrinkable layer and the second layer is a passive layer, which are connected to each other in such a way that the composite material can be deformed in a predetermined manner when heat radiation or microwaves are applied. Specifically a stretched thermoplastic is regarded as a heat-shrinkable layer, which comprises frozen orientations. Preferably, the heat-shrinkable layer and the radiation-sensitive material are adjusted to each other in such a way that heating the radiation-sensitive material leads to a recession of the frozen orientations without melting the composite film, to such a degree, however, that the composite film can preferably be deformed macroscopically and become rigid. The application of heat radiation or microwaves correspondingly entails that the heat-shrinkable layer of the composite material is deformed in a predetermined manner in the region of the radiation-sensitive material.
This deformation results in a strain of the entire composite material and, thus, in a stiffening of the same, which is further stabilized due to the increased adhesive effect of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive after the action of heat.
The passive layer in terms of the present invention is a substantially thermally stable layer which, with the heating of the radiation-sensitive material to be expected, is at any rate not deformed to the extent of the heat-shrinkable layer. Therefore, the passive layer can serve an additional stiffening especially of the composite material consisting of the composite film. Additional passive layers may be provided, which preferably meet the foodstuff packaging requirements such as protection against moisture, UV protection and mechanical protection.
An arrangement of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive as described above between the heat-shrinkable and the passive layer of the composite material, which is not provided over the full surface, permits a corresponding shrinkage or, comprehended in terms of the present invention, a deformation of the heat-shrinkable layer in the regions spared by the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive. In other words, if the radiation-sensitive material is covered with the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive a deformation of the heat-shrinkable layer is obtained preferably in a region spared by the radiation-sensitive material. As the radiation-sensitive material is heated to a faster and stronger extent than the other regions of the composite material when heat radiation or microwaves are applied, a required rigidity in the region of the radiation-sensitive material can be achieved in the regions spared by the radiation-sensitive material prior to the deformation of the heat-shrinkable layer.
Thus, targeted deformations of the heat-shrinkable layer are possible in regions adjacent to already stiffened regions.
If the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is used in the regions of the composite material spared by the radiation-sensitive material, the heat-shrinkable layer is deformed in the region of the radiation-sensitive material before the heat-shrinkable and passive layer further stiffen in the regions adjacent to them as a result of the increased adhesive effect of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive caused by the cross-linking. Thus, a deformation of the composite material is obtained before it stiffens, which ensures a sufficient stability especially of the deformed composite material consisting of the composite film.
If the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is used over the full surface, which is preferable, and by taking into account a temperature range adjusted with respect to the heat-shrinkable layer, the radiation-sensitive material and the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive a deformation and stiffening especially of the composite material consisting of the composite film can be achieved in such a way that the heat-shrinkable layer is initially deformed in the region of the radiation-sensitive material and stiffens directly after the deformation as a result of the cross-linking with the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive. A stiffening of the other regions by means of cross-linking with the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive can be effected either simultaneously or after the stiffening of the heat-shrinkable layer in the region of the radiation-sensitive material. Preferably, the reaction temperature ranges of the heat-shrinkable layer and the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive are to be adjusted to each other in an appropriate manner by a suited material choice, by taking into account the radiation temperature of the radiation-sensitive material when heat radiation or microwaves are applied. Particularly preferably, the temperature and the material between the aforementioned components are adjusted such that prior to a stiffening of the heat-shrinkable layer in the region spared by the radiation-sensitive material a deformation of the heat-shrinkable layer takes place in this region. The aforementioned alternatives for a deformation and stiffening of the composite material according to the invention permit a high degree of freedom with respect to design possibilities, e.g. for a tubular bag produced according to the form-fill-seal method.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the heat-shrinkable layer comprises several indentations or punctures. Thus, the effect of the radiation-sensitive material, namely the heat generation and/or the heat conduction, can be delayed in terms of time. Thus, predetermined foldings of the composite material during the application of heat radiation or microwaves are repeatable and not left to chance. Moreover, the puncture of the heat-shrinkable film can be integrated preferably in a punching process step, e.g. for perforating the composite material at predefined positions, so that particularly an additional amount of work for the production of a tubular bag produced from the composite material consisting of the composite film can be avoided.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the composite material consists of a cardboard composite, wherein the passive layer is a cardboard and/or paper layer and the heat-shrinkable layer is a film layer. Preferably, the cardboard and/or paper layer comprises at least one indentation and/or punctures.
This indentation and/or the punctures define predetermined points of deformation, about which the composite material consisting of the cardboard composite is deformed by shrinkage as result of the contraction of the heat-shrinkable layer during the application of heat radiation or microwaves. The indentations can be, for example, punchings or creasings produced by a punching process. A predetermined arrangement of the indentations and/or punctures therefore permits a desired deformation of the composite material consisting of the cardboard composite, from which particularly advertising articles and/or decoration articles can be produced. The predetermined deformation of the composite material consisting of the cardboard composite due to points of deformation chosen in a predefined manner also allows the easy production of a packaging that is capable of lying against the product during the supply of heat, so that the heat emitted by the radiation-sensitive material is transmitted to the product and provides, for example, for a crispy outside of the product.
According to a preferred further development of the present invention the radiation-sensitive material is formed of a layer containing metal particles and/or of a printed layer, and is preferably assigned to the first layer. The radiation-sensitive material can thus meet the different requirements with respect to the packaging produced from the inventive composite film. Thus, the first layer can be provided, for example, with the layer containing metal particles by a generally known metallization process such as the vapor-deposition method. Metal particles in terms of the present invention are all particles that are suited for excitation by microwave energy so as to generate heat and dissipate it directly. For an application of heat radiation also those metal particles can be used which heat up rapidly due to the heat radiation and dissipate the heat directly.
With respect to the printed layer, which is a preferred further development, the radiation-sensitive material can be applied to the first layer by means of a common printing method, wherein the printed layer can be, for example, a printed layer containing color pigments and wherein the printed layer preferably comprises at least one of the following components: metal particles, electrically conductive materials such as carbon, a combination of non-conductors and conductors such as Minatec CM (company Merck), semiconductors, dipole-forming materials such as water or micro-encapsulated oils, which are suited to receive heat radiation or microwave energy and convert it to heat in such a way that the region of the heat-shrinkable and passive layer provided with these components/materials can be heated. Micro-encapsulated oils are specifically those oils that have a coating surrounding an oil fluid, which coating melts in a predetermined temperature range and releases the heated oil. The deposition of the radiation-sensitive material by means of a printing method constitutes an inexpensive alternative with respect to vapor-deposition. Thus, the production costs for the composite film and a tubular bag formed therefrom can be minimized. For a color print layer comprising the radiation-sensitive material a white color may be used, which can usually be integrated into a colored printed image of the packaging more harmonically than a metallic/gray color of a radiation-sensitive material containing metal particles. Further preferred is a transparent printed layer, e.g. by using transparent color pigments and/or transparent micro-encapsulated oils, by means of which a printed image can be obtained without paying regard to the color of the radiation-sensitive material to be applied. Moreover, view windows may be provided in regions of the radiation-sensitive material. Furthermore, a browning of foodstuffs in a tubular bag packaging produced from the inventive composite film can be achieved without a visible radiation-sensitive material.
Particularly preferably those color pigments are used that are resistant to decomposition when microwaves are applied. Those color pigments and/or a coating surrounding a color pigment and associated therewith for stabilizing a basic color matrix are considered to be resistant to decomposition that have molecular structures which, when excited by microwaves, are not disintegrated or decomposed into their molecular constituents and form a bond with the other color components contained in the color liquid and embedding the color pigments, such as binding agents, solvents, fillers or additives. Thus, when microwaves are applied, a formation of harmful or poisonous compounds in the surface layer of the tubular bag packaging or of escaping vapors can be reliably avoided.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the radiation-sensitive material made of the layer containing metal particles and/or the printed layer are in the form of a predetermined point, line and/or surface pattern. Thus, regions can be easily defined on the heat-shrinkable layer which are to be deformed during the application of heat radiation or microwaves. In a particularly preferred manner this is achieved in that the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is provided over the full surface of the composite film, and in that the composite film has a non-stick coating between the first and second layer, which equals the point, line and/or surface pattern and covers the radiation-sensitive material. In its literal sense a non-stick coating is a layer that is to avoid an adhesion between the first and the second layer in the regions provided with the non-stick coating. Preferably, the non-stick coating is an imprinted non-stick lacquer with a lacquer pattern covering the point, line and/or surface pattern, by means of which a predetermined deformation behavior and, thus, a predetermined form of the treated composite film can be defined. Thus, particularly a production of the tubular bag packaging from the inventive composite material consisting of the composite film can be simplified, as the laminating adhesive can be applied over the full surface and merely one roller type is necessary for the pattern of the radiation-sensitive material and the non-stick lacquer. Hence, the production costs for the composite material according to the invention can be kept low.
As an alternative to the above, according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is provided over the full surface of the composite film particularly of the composite material consisting of the composite film, and the composite film is provided with an non-stick coating between the first and second layer, which non-stick coating has a pattern that forms a negative pattern corresponding to the point, line and/or surface pattern of the radiation-sensitive material. Thus, only the regions spared by the radiation-sensitive material are provided with the non-stick coating, which is preferably made of a non-stick lacquer. The regions of the heat-shrinkable layer that correspond to the spared radiation-sensitive material pattern can thus not form a bond with the passive layer when heat radiation or microwaves are applied, so that these regions are freely deformable, while the regions of the composite film comprising the radiation-sensitive material define stiffened regions prior to their deformation.
Particularly a zipper shape formed by a thin continuous line has proved to be an advantageous point, line and/or surface pattern, by means of which a higher energy yield can be achieved, however, without causing excessive heating due to the large surface. Moreover, a surface pattern formed by engaged circles or ellipses, which are preferably of different size and thickness, can be regarded as advantageous because a risk of excessive heating can also be avoided by the spared line regions.
Moreover, in such a surface pattern parts of the line region are oriented normally with respect to the direction of shrinkage, so that a further shrinkage can be obtained. This effect can likewise be obtained with a surface pattern considered advantageous, which includes lined up rectangles with rounded corners. Two alternately oscillating lines are regarded as another advantageous alternative for a point, line and/or surface pattern, which have at least one point of contact. In a preferred embodiment of this line pattern with several points of contact disposed on a preferably straight connecting line an inner edge can be produced when the composite film is shrunk. Another advantageous line pattern is a pattern formed by two parallel lines, because a rounded edge can thus be produced after the skrinkage.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the heat-shrinkable layer is formed of the radiation-sensitive material. Preferably, the radiation-sensitive material is a stretched thermoplastic having frozen orientations, which recede under the influence of heat when heat radiation or microwaves are applied.
Moreover, between the heat-shrinkable layer and the passive layer there are provided the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive over the full surface and a non-stick coating made of a non-stick lacquer with a predetermined lacquer pattern. The non-stick lacquer prevents an adhesive effect between the heat-shrinkable and the passive layer so that, in the regions free from adhesive, i.e. in the regions in which the non-stick lacquer is provided, the heat-shrinkable layer is able to shrink and freely deform as a result of the heating of the heat-shrinkable layer, the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive and the passive layer when heat radiation or microwaves are applied.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive can be provided instead of the non-stick lacquer in such a manner that the laminating adhesive is provided in a region assigned to the heat-shrinkable layer, which region is to remain free from deformation due to the adhesive effect between the heat-shrinkable and the passive layer.
The two aforementioned alternatives allow a deformation (shrinkage) of the heat-sensitive layer at lower temperatures, preferably at approximately 100 C, as compared with the use of a radiation-sensitive material made of a layer containing metal particles. Thus, the formation of microholes in the heat-shrinkable layer can be effectively prevented. Microholes can occur if particularly metal particles are used as radiation-sensitive material which, when heat radiation or microwaves are applied, heat up in such a way that their emitted heat is above a melting temperature of the heat-shrinkable layer. By avoiding such metal particles as radiation-sensitive material particularly the production costs for a tubular bag produced from the inventive composite material consisting of the composite film can be reduced owing to the non-required metallization and demetallization process.
The present invention further claims a form-fill-seal method which is suited for the production of tubular bags made of the inventive composite material consisting of the composite film. Especially for the production of tubular bags for foodstuff packagings it is to be preferred to arrange the radiation-sensitive material, in case it comprises a different component with respect to the heat-shrinkable layer, between the heat-shrinkable layer and the passive layer, so that the radiation-sensitive material is encapsulated and is not in direct contact with the foodstuff. It is particularly preferred if an at least three-layered film is used for the production of tubular bags for foodstuff packagings. The three-layered film is configured, for example, in such a way that the inside layer facing the foodstuff is a heat-shrinkable layer of oriented polypropylene (OPP), that the middle layer is a passive layer formed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and that the outside layer facing away from the foodstuff is another passive layer formed of OPP. For technical reasons, a foodstuff packaging exhibiting this film structure should preferably be sealed by means of the ultrasonic sealing technology.
The present invention is explained in more detail below by means of an embodiment in connection with the drawing. In the drawing:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view through an embodiment of a composite material according to the invention, particularly a composite film before the application of heat radiation or microwaves;
Fig. 2 shows the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 after the application of heat radiation or microwaves;
Fig. 3 shows a perspective lateral view of a tubular bag produced according to a form-fill-seal method from an inventive composite material consisting of a composite film after the application of heat radiation or microwaves; and Fig. 4A to 4F show examples of point, line and surface patterns for a radiation-sensitive material pattern and/or a non-stick coating pattern.
Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a composite material consisting of a composite film 1 before an application of heat radiation or microwaves, which was used for the production of the tubular bag 7 shown in Fig. 3. The composite film 1 comprises a first layer 2, which is a heat-shrinkable layer, and a second layer 4, which is a passive layer. The heat-shrinkable layer 2 is adhesively connected to the passive layer 4 by means of a heat-sensitive laminating adhesive (not illustrated). A
radiation-sensitive material 3 is provided at a predetermined point, which, in the embodiment shown, was printed directly onto the heat-shrinkable layer 2. Between the radiation-sensitive material 3 and the passive layer 4 there is provided a non-stick coating 5, which has a width corresponding approximately to the dimension of the material which is sensitive to microwaves.
After the application of heat radiation or microwaves (compare Fig. 2) the heat-shrinkable layer 2 has contracted. The stretched molecular chains of the heat-shrinkable layer 2, which, in an idealized view, initially extend substantially parallel with respect to each other, extend in planes that run parallel with respect to the plane of projection. Accordingly, after the application of heat radiation or microwaves, the heat-shrinkable layer 2 is shortened in the plane of projection. Moreover, the application of heat radiation or microwaves also results in a deformation of the composite film 1, which leads away from the two-dimensional shape. The tensile stress of the heat-shrinkable layer 2 additionally entails that adjacent wall sections 6 of the composite film are pivoted towards one another on the side of the heat-shrinkable layer 2.
Fig. 3 shows a tubular bag which was produced according to a form-fill-seal method as known, for example, from DE 199 57 891 Al, by using the inventive composite material consisting of a composite film. A composite film initially fed as a plane web is deformed by a forming shoulder, namely to form a hose which is closed in the circumferential direction. The deformed endless web is closed in the circumferential direction by a longitudinal welding seam. To this end, usually a longitudinal welding device is used, which acts against a filling pipe, which can form the forming shoulder at its upper end. The hose is then circumferentially closed. Subsequently, a lower transverse welding seam is produced, usually with a device which also produces the upper transverse welding seam of the previously produced bag and which usually comprises a cutting device between the respective upper and lower welding jaws so as to separate the tubular bag, which is closed on both sides, from the endlessly supplied material. The transverse welding device can be cyclically moved forwards and backwards and can thus continuously move along with the supplied web when the welding seam is produced. Alternatively, the supply motion can also be stopped when the respective transverse welding seam is produced.
Fig. 3 shows the tubular bag 7 obtained according to the above-described form-fill-seal method by using an inventive composite material consisting of a composite film.
The tubular bag 7 is completely closed and provided with a stiffened bottom region (not illustrated). The bag can be used, for example, for packaging salty snacks. For offering the salty snacks the user will arrange the filled tubular bag in such a manner that the bottom section of the tubular bag 7 forms a reinforced base of the tubular bag 7 by means of the edges of the transverse welding seam 8 assigned to the bottom section. The radiation-sensitive material 3 formed, for example, by a metallic material such as aluminum, extends in a line type manner in the vertical. The radiation-sensitive material 3 is arranged on an outer side of the heat-shrinkable layer, wherein the heat-shrinkable layer is formed of oriented polypropylene (OPP) and is connected on the outside with a passive layer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Alternatively, the heat-shrinkable layer is formed of PET and the passive layer of OPP. If heat radiation or microwaves are applied in a baking oven or microwave oven the radiation-sensitive material 3 is heated. The shrinkable polypropylene layer is thus heated as well. The orientations frozen in the stretched polypropylene recede.
Accordingly, the composite film shrinks in a predetermined manner within the region of the radiation-sensitive material 3. The outer PET layer is mainly adhesively connected with the PP
layer by means of a heat-sensitive laminating adhesive. If heat radiation or microwaves are applied the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive develops its adhesive effect by its surface molecules forming a bond with the surface molecules of the polypropylene layer and the PET layer. Thus, the adhesive effect of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is increased and results in these regions of the composite film in a sufficient rigidity and stability already during the application of heat radiation or microwaves. In the region of the radiation-sensitive material 3, i.e. in the region of lines 3, however, no adhesive effect is obtained, for example, either by sparing the radiation-sensitive material 3 or by providing a non-stick lacquer which covers the radiation-sensitive material 3. Accordingly, the heat-shrinkable PP layer can undergo a contraction as a result of the application of radiation heat or microwaves.
The outer PET layer cambers outwardly in these regions. The application of heat radiation or microwaves leads to the formation of edges and substantially plane wall sections 6 arranged there between. The so formed container 7 is open at the top and is formed solely by the composite film material, which is rigid, however, due to the application of heat radiation or microwaves through the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive and additionally by transverse welding seams 8, so that the container 7 is suited for offering the salty snacks contained in the container 7. Also suited is a two-layered structure comprising an inside heat-shrinkable layer of PP or PET and a passive layer made of PET SiOX, PP SiO,,, PP or PET. Optionally, the PET SiO, or PET layer, respectively, is connected externally or the heat-shrinkable layer of PET is connected internally to a PP sealing film layer.
Fig. 4A to 4F show different point, line and surface patterns for a radiation-sensitive material pattern or a non-stick coating pattern. Fig. 4A shows a zipper pattern, which is obtained with a thin continuous line. Such a pattern permits an increased energy yield, without causing excessive heating due to the large surface, however.
Fig. 4B
and Fig. 4C show a surface pattern of engaged, that is intersecting ellipses and circles. The thickness and size of the ellipses and circles can vary, even though Fig.
4B and Fig. 4C each show ellipses and circles of substantially the same thickness and size. Such surface patterns substantially prevent the risk of excessive heating owing to the spared line regions. Moreover, parts of the line region of such a surface pattern are oriented normally with respect to the direction of shrinkage, so that an additional shrinkage can be effected. This effect can likewise be obtained with a pattern shown in Fig. 4D consisting of several lined up rectangles with rounded corners.
Fig. 4E
shows a line pattern of two alternately oscillating lines which have several common points of contact. Thus, when the heat-shrinkable layer is shrunk, an inner edge can be obtained in a simple manner. Fig. 4F shows a line pattern consisting of two lines arranged parallel to each other, resulting in a rounded edge after the shrinkage.
The present invention was substantially described with a view to a tubular bag forming a foodstuff packaging, which was produced from a composite material consisting of a composite film. The composite material according to the invention, especially the composite material consisting of a cardboard composite, can be used, for example, for collapsible boxes, for foodstuff packagings like a box for salty snacks, the packaging of which lies around and against the product and thus creates a crispy product, or for cup envelopes whose cup handles straighten up during the supply of heat, thus allowing an easy carrying of the cup without coming into contact with the hot outside of the cup. Moreover, the composite material according to the invention allows the production of decoration articles and advertising means.
List of Reference Numbers 1 composite film 2 heat-shrinkable layer 3 radiation-sensitive material 4 passive layer non-stick coating 6 wall section 7 tubular bag 8 transverse welding seam
This deformation results in a strain of the entire composite material and, thus, in a stiffening of the same, which is further stabilized due to the increased adhesive effect of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive after the action of heat.
The passive layer in terms of the present invention is a substantially thermally stable layer which, with the heating of the radiation-sensitive material to be expected, is at any rate not deformed to the extent of the heat-shrinkable layer. Therefore, the passive layer can serve an additional stiffening especially of the composite material consisting of the composite film. Additional passive layers may be provided, which preferably meet the foodstuff packaging requirements such as protection against moisture, UV protection and mechanical protection.
An arrangement of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive as described above between the heat-shrinkable and the passive layer of the composite material, which is not provided over the full surface, permits a corresponding shrinkage or, comprehended in terms of the present invention, a deformation of the heat-shrinkable layer in the regions spared by the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive. In other words, if the radiation-sensitive material is covered with the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive a deformation of the heat-shrinkable layer is obtained preferably in a region spared by the radiation-sensitive material. As the radiation-sensitive material is heated to a faster and stronger extent than the other regions of the composite material when heat radiation or microwaves are applied, a required rigidity in the region of the radiation-sensitive material can be achieved in the regions spared by the radiation-sensitive material prior to the deformation of the heat-shrinkable layer.
Thus, targeted deformations of the heat-shrinkable layer are possible in regions adjacent to already stiffened regions.
If the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is used in the regions of the composite material spared by the radiation-sensitive material, the heat-shrinkable layer is deformed in the region of the radiation-sensitive material before the heat-shrinkable and passive layer further stiffen in the regions adjacent to them as a result of the increased adhesive effect of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive caused by the cross-linking. Thus, a deformation of the composite material is obtained before it stiffens, which ensures a sufficient stability especially of the deformed composite material consisting of the composite film.
If the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is used over the full surface, which is preferable, and by taking into account a temperature range adjusted with respect to the heat-shrinkable layer, the radiation-sensitive material and the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive a deformation and stiffening especially of the composite material consisting of the composite film can be achieved in such a way that the heat-shrinkable layer is initially deformed in the region of the radiation-sensitive material and stiffens directly after the deformation as a result of the cross-linking with the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive. A stiffening of the other regions by means of cross-linking with the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive can be effected either simultaneously or after the stiffening of the heat-shrinkable layer in the region of the radiation-sensitive material. Preferably, the reaction temperature ranges of the heat-shrinkable layer and the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive are to be adjusted to each other in an appropriate manner by a suited material choice, by taking into account the radiation temperature of the radiation-sensitive material when heat radiation or microwaves are applied. Particularly preferably, the temperature and the material between the aforementioned components are adjusted such that prior to a stiffening of the heat-shrinkable layer in the region spared by the radiation-sensitive material a deformation of the heat-shrinkable layer takes place in this region. The aforementioned alternatives for a deformation and stiffening of the composite material according to the invention permit a high degree of freedom with respect to design possibilities, e.g. for a tubular bag produced according to the form-fill-seal method.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the heat-shrinkable layer comprises several indentations or punctures. Thus, the effect of the radiation-sensitive material, namely the heat generation and/or the heat conduction, can be delayed in terms of time. Thus, predetermined foldings of the composite material during the application of heat radiation or microwaves are repeatable and not left to chance. Moreover, the puncture of the heat-shrinkable film can be integrated preferably in a punching process step, e.g. for perforating the composite material at predefined positions, so that particularly an additional amount of work for the production of a tubular bag produced from the composite material consisting of the composite film can be avoided.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the composite material consists of a cardboard composite, wherein the passive layer is a cardboard and/or paper layer and the heat-shrinkable layer is a film layer. Preferably, the cardboard and/or paper layer comprises at least one indentation and/or punctures.
This indentation and/or the punctures define predetermined points of deformation, about which the composite material consisting of the cardboard composite is deformed by shrinkage as result of the contraction of the heat-shrinkable layer during the application of heat radiation or microwaves. The indentations can be, for example, punchings or creasings produced by a punching process. A predetermined arrangement of the indentations and/or punctures therefore permits a desired deformation of the composite material consisting of the cardboard composite, from which particularly advertising articles and/or decoration articles can be produced. The predetermined deformation of the composite material consisting of the cardboard composite due to points of deformation chosen in a predefined manner also allows the easy production of a packaging that is capable of lying against the product during the supply of heat, so that the heat emitted by the radiation-sensitive material is transmitted to the product and provides, for example, for a crispy outside of the product.
According to a preferred further development of the present invention the radiation-sensitive material is formed of a layer containing metal particles and/or of a printed layer, and is preferably assigned to the first layer. The radiation-sensitive material can thus meet the different requirements with respect to the packaging produced from the inventive composite film. Thus, the first layer can be provided, for example, with the layer containing metal particles by a generally known metallization process such as the vapor-deposition method. Metal particles in terms of the present invention are all particles that are suited for excitation by microwave energy so as to generate heat and dissipate it directly. For an application of heat radiation also those metal particles can be used which heat up rapidly due to the heat radiation and dissipate the heat directly.
With respect to the printed layer, which is a preferred further development, the radiation-sensitive material can be applied to the first layer by means of a common printing method, wherein the printed layer can be, for example, a printed layer containing color pigments and wherein the printed layer preferably comprises at least one of the following components: metal particles, electrically conductive materials such as carbon, a combination of non-conductors and conductors such as Minatec CM (company Merck), semiconductors, dipole-forming materials such as water or micro-encapsulated oils, which are suited to receive heat radiation or microwave energy and convert it to heat in such a way that the region of the heat-shrinkable and passive layer provided with these components/materials can be heated. Micro-encapsulated oils are specifically those oils that have a coating surrounding an oil fluid, which coating melts in a predetermined temperature range and releases the heated oil. The deposition of the radiation-sensitive material by means of a printing method constitutes an inexpensive alternative with respect to vapor-deposition. Thus, the production costs for the composite film and a tubular bag formed therefrom can be minimized. For a color print layer comprising the radiation-sensitive material a white color may be used, which can usually be integrated into a colored printed image of the packaging more harmonically than a metallic/gray color of a radiation-sensitive material containing metal particles. Further preferred is a transparent printed layer, e.g. by using transparent color pigments and/or transparent micro-encapsulated oils, by means of which a printed image can be obtained without paying regard to the color of the radiation-sensitive material to be applied. Moreover, view windows may be provided in regions of the radiation-sensitive material. Furthermore, a browning of foodstuffs in a tubular bag packaging produced from the inventive composite film can be achieved without a visible radiation-sensitive material.
Particularly preferably those color pigments are used that are resistant to decomposition when microwaves are applied. Those color pigments and/or a coating surrounding a color pigment and associated therewith for stabilizing a basic color matrix are considered to be resistant to decomposition that have molecular structures which, when excited by microwaves, are not disintegrated or decomposed into their molecular constituents and form a bond with the other color components contained in the color liquid and embedding the color pigments, such as binding agents, solvents, fillers or additives. Thus, when microwaves are applied, a formation of harmful or poisonous compounds in the surface layer of the tubular bag packaging or of escaping vapors can be reliably avoided.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the radiation-sensitive material made of the layer containing metal particles and/or the printed layer are in the form of a predetermined point, line and/or surface pattern. Thus, regions can be easily defined on the heat-shrinkable layer which are to be deformed during the application of heat radiation or microwaves. In a particularly preferred manner this is achieved in that the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is provided over the full surface of the composite film, and in that the composite film has a non-stick coating between the first and second layer, which equals the point, line and/or surface pattern and covers the radiation-sensitive material. In its literal sense a non-stick coating is a layer that is to avoid an adhesion between the first and the second layer in the regions provided with the non-stick coating. Preferably, the non-stick coating is an imprinted non-stick lacquer with a lacquer pattern covering the point, line and/or surface pattern, by means of which a predetermined deformation behavior and, thus, a predetermined form of the treated composite film can be defined. Thus, particularly a production of the tubular bag packaging from the inventive composite material consisting of the composite film can be simplified, as the laminating adhesive can be applied over the full surface and merely one roller type is necessary for the pattern of the radiation-sensitive material and the non-stick lacquer. Hence, the production costs for the composite material according to the invention can be kept low.
As an alternative to the above, according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is provided over the full surface of the composite film particularly of the composite material consisting of the composite film, and the composite film is provided with an non-stick coating between the first and second layer, which non-stick coating has a pattern that forms a negative pattern corresponding to the point, line and/or surface pattern of the radiation-sensitive material. Thus, only the regions spared by the radiation-sensitive material are provided with the non-stick coating, which is preferably made of a non-stick lacquer. The regions of the heat-shrinkable layer that correspond to the spared radiation-sensitive material pattern can thus not form a bond with the passive layer when heat radiation or microwaves are applied, so that these regions are freely deformable, while the regions of the composite film comprising the radiation-sensitive material define stiffened regions prior to their deformation.
Particularly a zipper shape formed by a thin continuous line has proved to be an advantageous point, line and/or surface pattern, by means of which a higher energy yield can be achieved, however, without causing excessive heating due to the large surface. Moreover, a surface pattern formed by engaged circles or ellipses, which are preferably of different size and thickness, can be regarded as advantageous because a risk of excessive heating can also be avoided by the spared line regions.
Moreover, in such a surface pattern parts of the line region are oriented normally with respect to the direction of shrinkage, so that a further shrinkage can be obtained. This effect can likewise be obtained with a surface pattern considered advantageous, which includes lined up rectangles with rounded corners. Two alternately oscillating lines are regarded as another advantageous alternative for a point, line and/or surface pattern, which have at least one point of contact. In a preferred embodiment of this line pattern with several points of contact disposed on a preferably straight connecting line an inner edge can be produced when the composite film is shrunk. Another advantageous line pattern is a pattern formed by two parallel lines, because a rounded edge can thus be produced after the skrinkage.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the heat-shrinkable layer is formed of the radiation-sensitive material. Preferably, the radiation-sensitive material is a stretched thermoplastic having frozen orientations, which recede under the influence of heat when heat radiation or microwaves are applied.
Moreover, between the heat-shrinkable layer and the passive layer there are provided the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive over the full surface and a non-stick coating made of a non-stick lacquer with a predetermined lacquer pattern. The non-stick lacquer prevents an adhesive effect between the heat-shrinkable and the passive layer so that, in the regions free from adhesive, i.e. in the regions in which the non-stick lacquer is provided, the heat-shrinkable layer is able to shrink and freely deform as a result of the heating of the heat-shrinkable layer, the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive and the passive layer when heat radiation or microwaves are applied.
According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive can be provided instead of the non-stick lacquer in such a manner that the laminating adhesive is provided in a region assigned to the heat-shrinkable layer, which region is to remain free from deformation due to the adhesive effect between the heat-shrinkable and the passive layer.
The two aforementioned alternatives allow a deformation (shrinkage) of the heat-sensitive layer at lower temperatures, preferably at approximately 100 C, as compared with the use of a radiation-sensitive material made of a layer containing metal particles. Thus, the formation of microholes in the heat-shrinkable layer can be effectively prevented. Microholes can occur if particularly metal particles are used as radiation-sensitive material which, when heat radiation or microwaves are applied, heat up in such a way that their emitted heat is above a melting temperature of the heat-shrinkable layer. By avoiding such metal particles as radiation-sensitive material particularly the production costs for a tubular bag produced from the inventive composite material consisting of the composite film can be reduced owing to the non-required metallization and demetallization process.
The present invention further claims a form-fill-seal method which is suited for the production of tubular bags made of the inventive composite material consisting of the composite film. Especially for the production of tubular bags for foodstuff packagings it is to be preferred to arrange the radiation-sensitive material, in case it comprises a different component with respect to the heat-shrinkable layer, between the heat-shrinkable layer and the passive layer, so that the radiation-sensitive material is encapsulated and is not in direct contact with the foodstuff. It is particularly preferred if an at least three-layered film is used for the production of tubular bags for foodstuff packagings. The three-layered film is configured, for example, in such a way that the inside layer facing the foodstuff is a heat-shrinkable layer of oriented polypropylene (OPP), that the middle layer is a passive layer formed of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and that the outside layer facing away from the foodstuff is another passive layer formed of OPP. For technical reasons, a foodstuff packaging exhibiting this film structure should preferably be sealed by means of the ultrasonic sealing technology.
The present invention is explained in more detail below by means of an embodiment in connection with the drawing. In the drawing:
Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view through an embodiment of a composite material according to the invention, particularly a composite film before the application of heat radiation or microwaves;
Fig. 2 shows the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 after the application of heat radiation or microwaves;
Fig. 3 shows a perspective lateral view of a tubular bag produced according to a form-fill-seal method from an inventive composite material consisting of a composite film after the application of heat radiation or microwaves; and Fig. 4A to 4F show examples of point, line and surface patterns for a radiation-sensitive material pattern and/or a non-stick coating pattern.
Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a composite material consisting of a composite film 1 before an application of heat radiation or microwaves, which was used for the production of the tubular bag 7 shown in Fig. 3. The composite film 1 comprises a first layer 2, which is a heat-shrinkable layer, and a second layer 4, which is a passive layer. The heat-shrinkable layer 2 is adhesively connected to the passive layer 4 by means of a heat-sensitive laminating adhesive (not illustrated). A
radiation-sensitive material 3 is provided at a predetermined point, which, in the embodiment shown, was printed directly onto the heat-shrinkable layer 2. Between the radiation-sensitive material 3 and the passive layer 4 there is provided a non-stick coating 5, which has a width corresponding approximately to the dimension of the material which is sensitive to microwaves.
After the application of heat radiation or microwaves (compare Fig. 2) the heat-shrinkable layer 2 has contracted. The stretched molecular chains of the heat-shrinkable layer 2, which, in an idealized view, initially extend substantially parallel with respect to each other, extend in planes that run parallel with respect to the plane of projection. Accordingly, after the application of heat radiation or microwaves, the heat-shrinkable layer 2 is shortened in the plane of projection. Moreover, the application of heat radiation or microwaves also results in a deformation of the composite film 1, which leads away from the two-dimensional shape. The tensile stress of the heat-shrinkable layer 2 additionally entails that adjacent wall sections 6 of the composite film are pivoted towards one another on the side of the heat-shrinkable layer 2.
Fig. 3 shows a tubular bag which was produced according to a form-fill-seal method as known, for example, from DE 199 57 891 Al, by using the inventive composite material consisting of a composite film. A composite film initially fed as a plane web is deformed by a forming shoulder, namely to form a hose which is closed in the circumferential direction. The deformed endless web is closed in the circumferential direction by a longitudinal welding seam. To this end, usually a longitudinal welding device is used, which acts against a filling pipe, which can form the forming shoulder at its upper end. The hose is then circumferentially closed. Subsequently, a lower transverse welding seam is produced, usually with a device which also produces the upper transverse welding seam of the previously produced bag and which usually comprises a cutting device between the respective upper and lower welding jaws so as to separate the tubular bag, which is closed on both sides, from the endlessly supplied material. The transverse welding device can be cyclically moved forwards and backwards and can thus continuously move along with the supplied web when the welding seam is produced. Alternatively, the supply motion can also be stopped when the respective transverse welding seam is produced.
Fig. 3 shows the tubular bag 7 obtained according to the above-described form-fill-seal method by using an inventive composite material consisting of a composite film.
The tubular bag 7 is completely closed and provided with a stiffened bottom region (not illustrated). The bag can be used, for example, for packaging salty snacks. For offering the salty snacks the user will arrange the filled tubular bag in such a manner that the bottom section of the tubular bag 7 forms a reinforced base of the tubular bag 7 by means of the edges of the transverse welding seam 8 assigned to the bottom section. The radiation-sensitive material 3 formed, for example, by a metallic material such as aluminum, extends in a line type manner in the vertical. The radiation-sensitive material 3 is arranged on an outer side of the heat-shrinkable layer, wherein the heat-shrinkable layer is formed of oriented polypropylene (OPP) and is connected on the outside with a passive layer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
Alternatively, the heat-shrinkable layer is formed of PET and the passive layer of OPP. If heat radiation or microwaves are applied in a baking oven or microwave oven the radiation-sensitive material 3 is heated. The shrinkable polypropylene layer is thus heated as well. The orientations frozen in the stretched polypropylene recede.
Accordingly, the composite film shrinks in a predetermined manner within the region of the radiation-sensitive material 3. The outer PET layer is mainly adhesively connected with the PP
layer by means of a heat-sensitive laminating adhesive. If heat radiation or microwaves are applied the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive develops its adhesive effect by its surface molecules forming a bond with the surface molecules of the polypropylene layer and the PET layer. Thus, the adhesive effect of the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is increased and results in these regions of the composite film in a sufficient rigidity and stability already during the application of heat radiation or microwaves. In the region of the radiation-sensitive material 3, i.e. in the region of lines 3, however, no adhesive effect is obtained, for example, either by sparing the radiation-sensitive material 3 or by providing a non-stick lacquer which covers the radiation-sensitive material 3. Accordingly, the heat-shrinkable PP layer can undergo a contraction as a result of the application of radiation heat or microwaves.
The outer PET layer cambers outwardly in these regions. The application of heat radiation or microwaves leads to the formation of edges and substantially plane wall sections 6 arranged there between. The so formed container 7 is open at the top and is formed solely by the composite film material, which is rigid, however, due to the application of heat radiation or microwaves through the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive and additionally by transverse welding seams 8, so that the container 7 is suited for offering the salty snacks contained in the container 7. Also suited is a two-layered structure comprising an inside heat-shrinkable layer of PP or PET and a passive layer made of PET SiOX, PP SiO,,, PP or PET. Optionally, the PET SiO, or PET layer, respectively, is connected externally or the heat-shrinkable layer of PET is connected internally to a PP sealing film layer.
Fig. 4A to 4F show different point, line and surface patterns for a radiation-sensitive material pattern or a non-stick coating pattern. Fig. 4A shows a zipper pattern, which is obtained with a thin continuous line. Such a pattern permits an increased energy yield, without causing excessive heating due to the large surface, however.
Fig. 4B
and Fig. 4C show a surface pattern of engaged, that is intersecting ellipses and circles. The thickness and size of the ellipses and circles can vary, even though Fig.
4B and Fig. 4C each show ellipses and circles of substantially the same thickness and size. Such surface patterns substantially prevent the risk of excessive heating owing to the spared line regions. Moreover, parts of the line region of such a surface pattern are oriented normally with respect to the direction of shrinkage, so that an additional shrinkage can be effected. This effect can likewise be obtained with a pattern shown in Fig. 4D consisting of several lined up rectangles with rounded corners.
Fig. 4E
shows a line pattern of two alternately oscillating lines which have several common points of contact. Thus, when the heat-shrinkable layer is shrunk, an inner edge can be obtained in a simple manner. Fig. 4F shows a line pattern consisting of two lines arranged parallel to each other, resulting in a rounded edge after the shrinkage.
The present invention was substantially described with a view to a tubular bag forming a foodstuff packaging, which was produced from a composite material consisting of a composite film. The composite material according to the invention, especially the composite material consisting of a cardboard composite, can be used, for example, for collapsible boxes, for foodstuff packagings like a box for salty snacks, the packaging of which lies around and against the product and thus creates a crispy product, or for cup envelopes whose cup handles straighten up during the supply of heat, thus allowing an easy carrying of the cup without coming into contact with the hot outside of the cup. Moreover, the composite material according to the invention allows the production of decoration articles and advertising means.
List of Reference Numbers 1 composite film 2 heat-shrinkable layer 3 radiation-sensitive material 4 passive layer non-stick coating 6 wall section 7 tubular bag 8 transverse welding seam
Claims (15)
1. Composite material consisting of a composite film for the production of a tubular bag (7) according to a form-fill-seal method, or of a cardboard composite, wherein the composite material comprises a first layer (2), a radiation-sensitive material (3) and a second layer (4) connected to the first layer (2) by means of a heat-sensitive laminating adhesive, which is provided in a region of the radiation-sensitive material (3) and/or in a region spared by the radiation-sensitive material (3) and develops an increased adhesive effect when heat is supplied by the application of heat radiation or microwaves.
2. Composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the first layer is a heat-shrinkable layer (2) and the second layer is a passive layer (4), which are connected to each other in such a way that the composite material (1) is deformed in a predetermined manner when heat radiation or microwaves are applied.
3. Composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that the composite material consists of a cardboard composite, wherein the passive layer is a cardboard and/or paper layer and the heat-shrinkable layer is a film layer.
4. Composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that the cardboard and/or paper layer comprises several indentations and/or punctures.
5. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the radiation-sensitive material (3) is formed of a layer containing metal particles and/or of a printed layer and is assigned to the first layer (2).
6. Composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that the printed layer comprises at least components containing metal particles or conductive components, semiconductors, electrically conductive and/or non-conductive components, dipole-forming components, color pigments, micro-encapsulated oils, or a combination of these components.
7. Composite material according to claim 6, characterized in that the layer containing the metal particles and/or the printed layer are in the form of a predetermined point, line and/or surface pattern.
8. Composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that the composite material consists of the composite film (1) where the laminating adhesive is provided over the full surface of the composite film (1), and that the composite film (1) has a non-stick coating (5) between the first and second layer (2, 4), which equals the point, line and/or surface pattern and covers the radiation-sensitive material (3).
9. Composite material according to claim 7, characterized in that the laminating adhesive is provided over the full surface of the composite film (1), and that a non-stick coating (5) is provided in a region between the first and second layer (2, 4) of the composite film (1) which is spared by the radiation-sensitive material (3).
10. Composite material according to one of the preceding claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the point, line and/or surface pattern is formed at least by a zipper pattern and/or a pattern formed by at least two engaged circles or ellipses, by at least two lined up rectangles with rounded corners, by two alternately oscillating lines with several points of contact and/or by two parallel lines.
11. Composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that the composite material consists of the composite film (1) of which the heat-shrinkable layer (2) is formed of the radiation-sensitive material, and that between the heat-shrinkable layer (2) and the passive layer (4) there are provided the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive over the full surface and a non-stick coating (5) made of a non-stick lacquer with a predetermined lacquer pattern.
12. Composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that the the composite material consists of the composite film (1) of which the heat-shrinkable layer (2) is formed of the radiation-sensitive material, and that between the heat-shrinkable layer (2) and the passive layer (4) the heat-sensitive laminating adhesive is provided in a region assigned to the heat-shrinkable layer (2) which is free from a deformation.
13. Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the composite film is formed with at least three layers, wherein the inside film layer facing the bulk material is a heat-shrinkable layer of oriented polypropylene, the middle layer is a passive layer formed of polyethylene terephthalate and the outside layer is another passive layer formed of oriented polypropylene.
14. Composite material according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the composite film has at least a three-layered structure, wherein the inside film layer facing the bulk material is a passive layer of polypropylene, the middle layer is a heat-shrinkable layer of polyethylene terephthalate and the outside layer is another passive layer formed of oriented polypropylene.
15. Form-fill-seal method for the production of a tubular bag, wherein initially a plane web of a composite film is shaped by a forming shoulder and is formed to a hose by means of a longitudinal welding seam which extends in the supply direction of the hose, wherein bulk material is filled into a longitudinal section of the hose, and the longitudinal section closed by transverse welding seams at the upper and lower side is separated as a filled tubular bag from the supplied enveloping material, characterized in that a composite material consisting of a composite film comprising the features according to one of claims 1, 2 and 5 to 14 is used.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08014652.5 | 2008-08-18 | ||
| EP08014652A EP2156947A1 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2008-08-18 | Composite material and method for manufacturing a filled tubular bag |
| PCT/EP2009/005978 WO2010020396A1 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | Composite material and method for the production of a filled tubular bag |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2734574A1 true CA2734574A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
Family
ID=40262296
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2734574A Abandoned CA2734574A1 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-08-18 | Composite material and method for the production of a filled tubular bag |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2156947A1 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20110063464A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102123861A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2734574A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2011001828A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010020396A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102011080462A1 (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-07 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Method and device for producing, filling and closing bags and a bag |
| DE102012001346A1 (en) * | 2012-01-24 | 2013-07-25 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Method for producing a data carrier |
| US11299333B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 | 2022-04-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible packages with flat panels |
| US11299337B2 (en) | 2017-05-24 | 2022-04-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible packages with flat panels |
| US10549896B2 (en) | 2017-05-26 | 2020-02-04 | The Procter & Gamble Plaza | Flexible packages with self-folding |
| CN110920302B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2021-06-01 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | Method for nondestructively disabling seal of film-covered hard paper double-sided adhesive tape |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4288965A (en) | 1979-08-27 | 1981-09-15 | Hayssen Manufacturing Company | Form-fill-seal packaging method and apparatus |
| US4532753A (en) | 1983-02-18 | 1985-08-06 | Hayssen Manufacturing Company | Method of and apparatus for forming, filling and sealing packages |
| US5308945A (en) | 1986-03-17 | 1994-05-03 | James River Corporation | Microwave interactive printable coatings |
| US4925684A (en) * | 1988-08-19 | 1990-05-15 | Campbell Soup Company | Food package with a microwave releasable sealed closure |
| US5968647A (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 1999-10-19 | International Paper Company | Enhanced ethylene methyl acrylate adhesive tie material for polyester paperboard ovenable container |
| US6077551A (en) * | 1998-06-04 | 2000-06-20 | Hunt-Wesson, Inc. | Microwave popcorn preparation and serving package with releasably adhered lap seam |
| DE19957891A1 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2001-06-07 | Rovema Gmbh | Tubular bag machine |
| EP1970310B1 (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2009-11-11 | Ludger Fuest | Method for manufacturing a tubular bag, tubular bag and film suitable for manufacturing the tubular bag |
-
2008
- 2008-08-18 EP EP08014652A patent/EP2156947A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-08-18 CA CA2734574A patent/CA2734574A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-08-18 MX MX2011001828A patent/MX2011001828A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-08-18 KR KR1020117006228A patent/KR20110063464A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-08-18 CN CN2009801323888A patent/CN102123861A/en active Pending
- 2009-08-18 WO PCT/EP2009/005978 patent/WO2010020396A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102123861A (en) | 2011-07-13 |
| MX2011001828A (en) | 2011-06-16 |
| WO2010020396A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
| EP2156947A1 (en) | 2010-02-24 |
| KR20110063464A (en) | 2011-06-10 |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |
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