CA2635304A1 - Method for efficiently transforming heat energy into useful work - Google Patents
Method for efficiently transforming heat energy into useful work Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2635304A1 CA2635304A1 CA 2635304 CA2635304A CA2635304A1 CA 2635304 A1 CA2635304 A1 CA 2635304A1 CA 2635304 CA2635304 CA 2635304 CA 2635304 A CA2635304 A CA 2635304A CA 2635304 A1 CA2635304 A1 CA 2635304A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vortex
- heat
- work
- flow
- useful work
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/10—Stators
- F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
- F05B2240/132—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines creating a vortex or tornado effect
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
A method of efficiently transforming heat into work by injecting it into a compressible isentropic vortex , thereby greatly increasing the tangential flow velocity and flow kinetic energy in the vortex. The increased kinetic energy is then extracted by a turbine suitably placed in the vortex flow and exported to an external power train for the production of useful work at very high overall efficiency.
Description
METHOD FOR EFFICIENTLY TRANSFORMING HEAT ENERGY INTO USEFUL
WORK
At present, heat engines are a class of prime movers that employ non-isentropic, pressure/ volume changes which are intrinsically thermodynamically inefficient, being subject to the 2 nd law of thermodynamics which restricts the efficiency of the conversion of heat into work by this method according to the formula Eff. = 1 - T/To = OT/To (1) In these heat engines or heat motors, the input heat is added (a) externally, as in steam engines via boiler pipes, or ( 2) internally, as in the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines [1].
The inescapable inefficiency of such heat engines means that large amounts of heated gases not cooled by conversion to work must be exhausted to the exterior of the engine as waste heat pollution.
In the present invention, however, I use a different thermodynamic process, namely an isentropic flow transformation. I introduce the heat into a shielded compressible fluid vortex ( gas vortex) thereby converting said heat by an isentropic transformation into kinetic energy of increased tangential velocity at very high efficiency; I
then extract said increased kinetic energy to produce mechanical or electromagnetic work at overall very high efficiency. Thus, the new heat engine method is far more efficient and produces far leas heat pollution exhaust than conventional heat engines. The economic advantages are obvious in that the same amount of heat input produces much more useful work, than with other heat engines.
The isentropic flow equation relating the heat input to the kinetic energy 1/2mVT2 produced, and to the flow velocity VT is:
VT= n1/2 co (OT/To)v2 (2) Where VT is the tangential velocity in a vortex at any radial distance from the central axis of the vortex, AT is the heat input temperature difference, To is the reference temperature before heat input, and co is the static speed of sound in the gas, n is the energy partition parameter, which for air has the numerical value of 5 [2].
There is no prior art to this present invention.
The prior art on some elements of the method is as :follows:
(a) The Ranque-Hilsch tube [3] employs a forced vortex. It operates to separate heat into high and low temperature flows. Its physics has been a long-standing mystery.
Recent work however on atmospheric vortices [ 4] now explains it as an isentropic heat separation, with its angular momentum mystery now explained, not as radial inflow as previously, but as in situ flow transformation of heat according to Eqn. 2 above. The Ranque/ Hilsch tube is not a heat engine, nor does it do useful work; it is instead a heat separator.
(b) Atmospheric vortices have previously been thought of as conventional heat engines, but these explanations have failed to match the atmospheric wind speeds observed.
The most recent explanation [4] is that they are unstable, transient, isentropic transformations of heat into kinetic energy, but with no useful work being done. The present invention on the other hand, is a stable, controlled, compressible vortex transforming heat into usable work at very high efficiency.
(c) A proposal to concentrate atmospheric angular momentum in a vertical vortex by Yen [5 ] is for an angular momentum concentration engine; it does not they employ the heat transformation method of the present invention.
Turning to the present invention, one novel feature is its use of a gas vortex to restrain the flow centrifugally so as to permit an isentropic heat transformation to proceed , thereby converting the heat input smoothly and efficiently into kinetic energy of tangential flow, and making this increased kinetic energy available for efficient extraction for useful work and avoiding completely the non-isentropic gaseous expansions of previous inefficient heat engines of prior art.
I also employ a shield around my gas vortex. This permits forming and maintaining a stable vortex unaffected by air turbulence, wind, convection eddies, etc which act on atmospheric vortices such as waterspout and tornadoes to weaken and dissipate them. The initiating of the vortex in the gas in the cylindrical shield can be done by various means, such as a suitable stirring fan, or by feeding the input hot gas into the vortex via a spiral intake duct so as to set up the vortex swirl. The heat input can variously be any hot gas, a radiant heat source, conduction from a shielded heat flow coil as in steam engines, and so on.
The input gas, if desired can be the hot exhaust waste gas from a conventional inefficient heat engine. The means for extracting the increased kinetic energy of the invention to produce exterior work can be a turbine axially mounted into the output end of the vortex cylinder which turns a shaft transferring the generated torque to a suitable mechanical mover, to an electromagnetic generator, to an electric motor, etc. The invention thus has the advantage of having great flexibility in its applications.
References 1. Standard Handbookfor Mechanical Engineers. T. Baumeister ed.. Seventh edition 1958..
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
2. Shapiro, A. H., The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow.
2 vols.
John Wiley & Sons, New York.1953.
3. Colgate, Sterling A., and J. Robert Buckler. Coherent Transport ofAngular Momentum:
The Ranque-Hilsch Tube as a Paradigm. Web archived at :
arXiv.astroph/9909022v1 , 1 Sep 1999.
WORK
At present, heat engines are a class of prime movers that employ non-isentropic, pressure/ volume changes which are intrinsically thermodynamically inefficient, being subject to the 2 nd law of thermodynamics which restricts the efficiency of the conversion of heat into work by this method according to the formula Eff. = 1 - T/To = OT/To (1) In these heat engines or heat motors, the input heat is added (a) externally, as in steam engines via boiler pipes, or ( 2) internally, as in the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines [1].
The inescapable inefficiency of such heat engines means that large amounts of heated gases not cooled by conversion to work must be exhausted to the exterior of the engine as waste heat pollution.
In the present invention, however, I use a different thermodynamic process, namely an isentropic flow transformation. I introduce the heat into a shielded compressible fluid vortex ( gas vortex) thereby converting said heat by an isentropic transformation into kinetic energy of increased tangential velocity at very high efficiency; I
then extract said increased kinetic energy to produce mechanical or electromagnetic work at overall very high efficiency. Thus, the new heat engine method is far more efficient and produces far leas heat pollution exhaust than conventional heat engines. The economic advantages are obvious in that the same amount of heat input produces much more useful work, than with other heat engines.
The isentropic flow equation relating the heat input to the kinetic energy 1/2mVT2 produced, and to the flow velocity VT is:
VT= n1/2 co (OT/To)v2 (2) Where VT is the tangential velocity in a vortex at any radial distance from the central axis of the vortex, AT is the heat input temperature difference, To is the reference temperature before heat input, and co is the static speed of sound in the gas, n is the energy partition parameter, which for air has the numerical value of 5 [2].
There is no prior art to this present invention.
The prior art on some elements of the method is as :follows:
(a) The Ranque-Hilsch tube [3] employs a forced vortex. It operates to separate heat into high and low temperature flows. Its physics has been a long-standing mystery.
Recent work however on atmospheric vortices [ 4] now explains it as an isentropic heat separation, with its angular momentum mystery now explained, not as radial inflow as previously, but as in situ flow transformation of heat according to Eqn. 2 above. The Ranque/ Hilsch tube is not a heat engine, nor does it do useful work; it is instead a heat separator.
(b) Atmospheric vortices have previously been thought of as conventional heat engines, but these explanations have failed to match the atmospheric wind speeds observed.
The most recent explanation [4] is that they are unstable, transient, isentropic transformations of heat into kinetic energy, but with no useful work being done. The present invention on the other hand, is a stable, controlled, compressible vortex transforming heat into usable work at very high efficiency.
(c) A proposal to concentrate atmospheric angular momentum in a vertical vortex by Yen [5 ] is for an angular momentum concentration engine; it does not they employ the heat transformation method of the present invention.
Turning to the present invention, one novel feature is its use of a gas vortex to restrain the flow centrifugally so as to permit an isentropic heat transformation to proceed , thereby converting the heat input smoothly and efficiently into kinetic energy of tangential flow, and making this increased kinetic energy available for efficient extraction for useful work and avoiding completely the non-isentropic gaseous expansions of previous inefficient heat engines of prior art.
I also employ a shield around my gas vortex. This permits forming and maintaining a stable vortex unaffected by air turbulence, wind, convection eddies, etc which act on atmospheric vortices such as waterspout and tornadoes to weaken and dissipate them. The initiating of the vortex in the gas in the cylindrical shield can be done by various means, such as a suitable stirring fan, or by feeding the input hot gas into the vortex via a spiral intake duct so as to set up the vortex swirl. The heat input can variously be any hot gas, a radiant heat source, conduction from a shielded heat flow coil as in steam engines, and so on.
The input gas, if desired can be the hot exhaust waste gas from a conventional inefficient heat engine. The means for extracting the increased kinetic energy of the invention to produce exterior work can be a turbine axially mounted into the output end of the vortex cylinder which turns a shaft transferring the generated torque to a suitable mechanical mover, to an electromagnetic generator, to an electric motor, etc. The invention thus has the advantage of having great flexibility in its applications.
References 1. Standard Handbookfor Mechanical Engineers. T. Baumeister ed.. Seventh edition 1958..
McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
2. Shapiro, A. H., The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow.
2 vols.
John Wiley & Sons, New York.1953.
3. Colgate, Sterling A., and J. Robert Buckler. Coherent Transport ofAngular Momentum:
The Ranque-Hilsch Tube as a Paradigm. Web archived at :
arXiv.astroph/9909022v1 , 1 Sep 1999.
4. Power, Bernard A. Tornado-genesis by an Isentropic Energy Transformation.
Posted June 21, 2008 on Website www.energycompressibility.info 5. Yen, James T. "Artificial Tornadoes: A Novel Wind Energy Concept". Science, p. 257, 17 Oct. 1975.
Posted June 21, 2008 on Website www.energycompressibility.info 5. Yen, James T. "Artificial Tornadoes: A Novel Wind Energy Concept". Science, p. 257, 17 Oct. 1975.
Claims
1. A method of efficiently transforming heat into work comprising (a) instituting a vortex flow in a compressible fluid or gas within a protective cylindrical shield, (b) injecting heat into said vortex thus causing an isentropic transformation of said heat energy into the increased kinetic energy arising from increased tangential flow velocity in said vortex, (c) coupling said increased tangential flow energy to a turbine means suitably placed in the vortex flow so as to drive a power train in turn coupled to a an electrical generator, electrical motor, mechanical motor or the like so as to accomplish useful work at high efficiency.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2635304 CA2635304A1 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2008-07-25 | Method for efficiently transforming heat energy into useful work |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2635304 CA2635304A1 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2008-07-25 | Method for efficiently transforming heat energy into useful work |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2635304A1 true CA2635304A1 (en) | 2010-01-25 |
Family
ID=41610996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2635304 Abandoned CA2635304A1 (en) | 2008-07-25 | 2008-07-25 | Method for efficiently transforming heat energy into useful work |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2635304A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9510486B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-29 | Matteo B. Gravina | Data center cooling system having electrical power generation |
| US9907213B1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-02-27 | Matteo B. Gravina | Data center cooling system having electrical power generation |
| US10020436B1 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2018-07-10 | Matteo B. Gravina | Thermal energy accumulator for power generation and high performance computing center |
-
2008
- 2008-07-25 CA CA 2635304 patent/CA2635304A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9510486B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-29 | Matteo B. Gravina | Data center cooling system having electrical power generation |
| US9907213B1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-02-27 | Matteo B. Gravina | Data center cooling system having electrical power generation |
| US10020436B1 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2018-07-10 | Matteo B. Gravina | Thermal energy accumulator for power generation and high performance computing center |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES2299856T3 (en) | ENERGY RECOVERY SYSTEM. | |
| JP6162147B2 (en) | System and method for generating output using a supercritical fluid | |
| Han et al. | Development of a 200 kW ORC radial turbine for waste heat recovery | |
| US9287752B2 (en) | Systems for generating energy | |
| MI et al. | Design and development of a low pressure turbine for turbocompounding applications | |
| EP2072817A1 (en) | Reaction solar turbine | |
| CA2635304A1 (en) | Method for efficiently transforming heat energy into useful work | |
| US8708640B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for efficiently generating and extracting power from an air flow to do useful work | |
| Li et al. | Experimental investigation of a splitting CO2 transcritical power cycle in engine waste heat recovery | |
| EP2742214B1 (en) | Parallel cascaded cycle gas expander | |
| US9752672B2 (en) | Transmission turbo machine | |
| WO2016137442A1 (en) | A turbine and method of making and using the same | |
| US20130014511A1 (en) | Highly integrated inside-out ramjet | |
| De Vera | The Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube | |
| Penkner et al. | Analytic Rayleigh pressure loss model for high-swirl combustion in a rotating combustion chamber | |
| RU2582373C2 (en) | Turbo machine with flow section heating | |
| Mariscal-Hay et al. | Electrical generation from thermal solar energy using a turbocharger with the brayton thermodynamic cycle | |
| Elshamy | Performance of Thermosyphon Rankine Engine as Low Temperature Heat Engine | |
| WO2013064858A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for converting heat energy into mechanical energy | |
| Moosmann et al. | Recuperator Integration with Small Turbine Engine | |
| Romero Gómez et al. | Preliminary thermodynamic study for an efficient turbo-blower external combustion Rankine cycle | |
| Shumilin | Development of low-power high-speed turbogenerator | |
| Tang et al. | The influence of energy-bypass on the performance of AJAX | |
| WO2018007963A1 (en) | Thermo-machine using a work fluid in an open cycle | |
| Martin et al. | Development of an efficient boundary layer turbine electrical generation system for HRSG applications |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |
Effective date: 20140725 |