CA2305994A1 - Door closer - Google Patents
Door closer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2305994A1 CA2305994A1 CA 2305994 CA2305994A CA2305994A1 CA 2305994 A1 CA2305994 A1 CA 2305994A1 CA 2305994 CA2305994 CA 2305994 CA 2305994 A CA2305994 A CA 2305994A CA 2305994 A1 CA2305994 A1 CA 2305994A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- door closer
- door
- plug
- fire
- fluid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
- E05F3/22—Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
- E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
- E05F3/22—Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
- E05F3/227—Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position mounted at the top of wings, e.g. details related to closer housings, covers, end caps or rails therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05F15/00—Power-operated mechanisms for wings
- E05F15/70—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation
- E05F15/72—Power-operated mechanisms for wings with automatic actuation responsive to emergency conditions, e.g. fire
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/21—Brakes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/252—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of friction
- E05Y2201/254—Fluid or viscous friction
- E05Y2201/256—Fluid or viscous friction with pistons or vanes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore
- E05Y2201/262—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of motion
- E05Y2201/264—Brakes; Disengaging means, e.g. clutches; Holders, e.g. locks; Stops; Accessories therefore characterised by type of motion linear
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
- E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
- E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
- E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
- E05Y2900/13—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof characterised by the type of wing
- E05Y2900/132—Doors
Abstract
A door closer with a plastic (nylon) plug in an aperture in the top of the door closer body. In the event of a fire, as the door heats up, the door closer body also heats up. When the temperature of the door closer reaches approximately 250° F, the hydraulic fluid within the door closer will begin to emerge from the plastic plug area and spills over and collects in the top of the door closer body casting which forms an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir. The contained fluid smokes and evaporates from the heat. No fluid escapes down to the door and the floor.
This reduces the chance of causing a fire on the non-fire side of the door and frame.
This reduces the chance of causing a fire on the non-fire side of the door and frame.
Description
DOOR CLOSER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to door closers and more particularly to door closers using hydraulic fluid.
Fire doors are designed to protect against passage of fire from one room to another in a building. In the U.S., the National Fire Protection Association promulgates con-struction and installation standards for fire doors and win-dows as a publication, NFPA 80. Listed fire doors are clas-sified in twelve categories, and protection of an opening depends upon the use of a listed fire door, a listed frame, listed door hardware, and a listed door control device as specified under each door type. Fire classifications for buildings are specified in model building codes, government regulations, and state and local building codes. Fire door classifications are expressed in hourly ratings according to the Standard for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies-UL 10B, ANSI
A2.2, ASTM E-152, CSFM 43.7, CAN4-5104(ULC-S104), UBC 43-2-1991, and NFPA 252.
The classifications are determined by exposing the doors to fire testing under standard conditions, and hourly ratings indicate the duration of exposure which the door can withstand, such as 4, 3, 2, 11/2, l, 3/4 hours, and 30 or 20 minutes. It is permissible to test a fire door with special hardware and installation. This is usually done by door manufacturers who wish to establish a fire rated door, frame, door control, and hardware combination which can be specified in a building contract. It should be noted that, although there are several very similar fire door assembly tests in use throughout the world, there is no single inter-national fire test standard.
Generally, fire doors must be maintained closed and latched or must automatically close and latch under a broad range of fire exposure conditions in order to properly serve their fire protective function. Thus, the door control de-vice must assure that the door closes after it has been opened, and the latch must maintain the door latched. Typi-cally, most fire door tests are performed without a door control device, or, if included, the door control is mounted on the fire side of the door. However, fire test standards are changing to require that the door closer be mounted on the non-fire side of the door during testing.
Most currently used door control devices employ hy-draulic damping technology to control opening and closing speed of the door. The hydraulic fluid is commonly a petro-leum based oil which is relatively inexpensive, plentiful, non-corrosive, and compatible with a wide range of metals and other materials. However, petroleum oils have an auto-ignition temperature ranging between approximately 500 and 750 degrees Fahrenheit and may contribute to the spread of the fire, if exposed to high temperatures, even when the door control device is mounted on the non-fire side of the door.
Within a few minutes after a fire begins, assuming it is adjacent to a fire door, the temperature of the door control device on the non-fire side of the door begins to increase by conduction through the door. This causes the hy-draulic fluid to expand, to leak around the seals of the door control device, and to run down the door. Approximately 10 to 15 minutes after the fire starts, the temperature on the non-fire side of the door is high enough to cause auto-ignition of the leaking fluid. Even though the door and frame assembly may have a fire rating of 2 hours, or more, the fire has transferred through the door in less than 15 minutes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to door closers and more particularly to door closers using hydraulic fluid.
Fire doors are designed to protect against passage of fire from one room to another in a building. In the U.S., the National Fire Protection Association promulgates con-struction and installation standards for fire doors and win-dows as a publication, NFPA 80. Listed fire doors are clas-sified in twelve categories, and protection of an opening depends upon the use of a listed fire door, a listed frame, listed door hardware, and a listed door control device as specified under each door type. Fire classifications for buildings are specified in model building codes, government regulations, and state and local building codes. Fire door classifications are expressed in hourly ratings according to the Standard for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies-UL 10B, ANSI
A2.2, ASTM E-152, CSFM 43.7, CAN4-5104(ULC-S104), UBC 43-2-1991, and NFPA 252.
The classifications are determined by exposing the doors to fire testing under standard conditions, and hourly ratings indicate the duration of exposure which the door can withstand, such as 4, 3, 2, 11/2, l, 3/4 hours, and 30 or 20 minutes. It is permissible to test a fire door with special hardware and installation. This is usually done by door manufacturers who wish to establish a fire rated door, frame, door control, and hardware combination which can be specified in a building contract. It should be noted that, although there are several very similar fire door assembly tests in use throughout the world, there is no single inter-national fire test standard.
Generally, fire doors must be maintained closed and latched or must automatically close and latch under a broad range of fire exposure conditions in order to properly serve their fire protective function. Thus, the door control de-vice must assure that the door closes after it has been opened, and the latch must maintain the door latched. Typi-cally, most fire door tests are performed without a door control device, or, if included, the door control is mounted on the fire side of the door. However, fire test standards are changing to require that the door closer be mounted on the non-fire side of the door during testing.
Most currently used door control devices employ hy-draulic damping technology to control opening and closing speed of the door. The hydraulic fluid is commonly a petro-leum based oil which is relatively inexpensive, plentiful, non-corrosive, and compatible with a wide range of metals and other materials. However, petroleum oils have an auto-ignition temperature ranging between approximately 500 and 750 degrees Fahrenheit and may contribute to the spread of the fire, if exposed to high temperatures, even when the door control device is mounted on the non-fire side of the door.
Within a few minutes after a fire begins, assuming it is adjacent to a fire door, the temperature of the door control device on the non-fire side of the door begins to increase by conduction through the door. This causes the hy-draulic fluid to expand, to leak around the seals of the door control device, and to run down the door. Approximately 10 to 15 minutes after the fire starts, the temperature on the non-fire side of the door is high enough to cause auto-ignition of the leaking fluid. Even though the door and frame assembly may have a fire rating of 2 hours, or more, the fire has transferred through the door in less than 15 minutes.
The foregoing illustrates limitations known to exist in present door closers. Thus, it is apparent that it would be advantageous to provide an alternative directed to over-coming one or more of the limitations set forth above. Ac-cordingly, a suitable alternative is provided including fea-tures more fully disclosed hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, this is ac-complished by providing a door closer comprising: a door closer body having an open surfaced fluid retaining reser-voir in a top portion thereof and a plug aperture in the top portion; a plug within the plug aperture; and hydraulic fluid within the door closer body, an inner end of the plug aperture being in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid.
The foregoing and other aspects will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a door closer;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the door closer shown in FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the door closer shown in FIG. 1; and FIG. 4 is a partial cross-section of the central boss showing the plug and plug aperture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect of the present invention, this is ac-complished by providing a door closer comprising: a door closer body having an open surfaced fluid retaining reser-voir in a top portion thereof and a plug aperture in the top portion; a plug within the plug aperture; and hydraulic fluid within the door closer body, an inner end of the plug aperture being in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid.
The foregoing and other aspects will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a door closer;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the door closer shown in FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the door closer shown in FIG. 1; and FIG. 4 is a partial cross-section of the central boss showing the plug and plug aperture.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Figures 1 through 3 show a door closer 10 having a cylindrical door closer body 20 containing an operating fluid, typically an hydraulic fluid. The door closer 10 shown in the figures is an LCN (a division of Schlage Lock Company) concealed overhead 2010 door closer. Other door closers can be used with the present invention, such as the door closers shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,080,687, 4,130,913, 4,263,694 and 4,979,261, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The top of the door closer 10 includes a central casting boss 45 with an aperture 49 extending therethrough into fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid within the door closer body 20. A plastic, preferably nylon, plug 48 is inserted into the aperture 49 (See FIG 4). The plastic plug 48, preferably, has a melting point between 200° F and 300° F. Normally, the plug 48 is press fit into aperture 49. Other materials having similar low melting tempera-tures, such as solder, can be used.
The top of the door closer body 20 is formed into an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir 40 defined by longi-tudinally extending sides 42 and connecting ends 44, which extend from one side 42 to the other side 42. The sides 42 and ends 44 extend above the central portion 41 of the door closer body 20.
Although the preferred embodiment shows the meltable plug 48 and aperture 49 within the central casting boss 45, the plug 48 and aperture 49 could be in other locations in the top of the door closer body 20.
When the door closer body 20 heated, such as by a fire on the other side of the door, plug 48 melts allowing the hydraulic fluid, which is increasing in pressure because of the heat of the fire, to seep out of aperture 49, spill-ing over boss 45 and collecting in the open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir 40. The collected hydraulic fluid smokes and evaporates from the extreme heat. This reduces the likelihood of the hydraulic fluid to escape down to the door and floor, which reduces the chance of causing a fire on the non-fire side of the door and frame.
Figures 1 through 3 show a door closer 10 having a cylindrical door closer body 20 containing an operating fluid, typically an hydraulic fluid. The door closer 10 shown in the figures is an LCN (a division of Schlage Lock Company) concealed overhead 2010 door closer. Other door closers can be used with the present invention, such as the door closers shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,080,687, 4,130,913, 4,263,694 and 4,979,261, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The top of the door closer 10 includes a central casting boss 45 with an aperture 49 extending therethrough into fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid within the door closer body 20. A plastic, preferably nylon, plug 48 is inserted into the aperture 49 (See FIG 4). The plastic plug 48, preferably, has a melting point between 200° F and 300° F. Normally, the plug 48 is press fit into aperture 49. Other materials having similar low melting tempera-tures, such as solder, can be used.
The top of the door closer body 20 is formed into an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir 40 defined by longi-tudinally extending sides 42 and connecting ends 44, which extend from one side 42 to the other side 42. The sides 42 and ends 44 extend above the central portion 41 of the door closer body 20.
Although the preferred embodiment shows the meltable plug 48 and aperture 49 within the central casting boss 45, the plug 48 and aperture 49 could be in other locations in the top of the door closer body 20.
When the door closer body 20 heated, such as by a fire on the other side of the door, plug 48 melts allowing the hydraulic fluid, which is increasing in pressure because of the heat of the fire, to seep out of aperture 49, spill-ing over boss 45 and collecting in the open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir 40. The collected hydraulic fluid smokes and evaporates from the extreme heat. This reduces the likelihood of the hydraulic fluid to escape down to the door and floor, which reduces the chance of causing a fire on the non-fire side of the door and frame.
Claims (10)
1. A door closer comprising:
a door closer body having an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir in a top portion thereof and a plug aperture in the top portion;
a plug within the plug aperture; and hydraulic fluid within the door closer body, an inner end of the plug aperture being in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid.
a door closer body having an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir in a top portion thereof and a plug aperture in the top portion;
a plug within the plug aperture; and hydraulic fluid within the door closer body, an inner end of the plug aperture being in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid.
2. The door closer according to claim 1, wherein the plug is a meltable material.
3. The door closer according to claim 2, wherein the meltable material melts between 200° F and 300° F.
4. The door closer according to claim 2, wherein the meltable material is nylon.
5. The door closer according to claim 2, wherein the open surfaced fluid reservoir is formed by two longitudinally extending sides extending above a central portion of the door closer body and two ends extending above a central portion of the door closer body and extending from one longitudinally extending side to the other longitudinally extending side.
6. The door closer according to claim 1, wherein the door closer body has a circular boss extending above a central portion, the plug aperture being within positioned within the circular boss.
7. A door closer comprising:
a door closer body having an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir in a top portion thereof and a plug aperture in the top portion;
a meltable plug within the plug aperture; and hydraulic fluid within the door closer body, an inner end of the plug aperture being in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid.
a door closer body having an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir in a top portion thereof and a plug aperture in the top portion;
a meltable plug within the plug aperture; and hydraulic fluid within the door closer body, an inner end of the plug aperture being in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid.
8. The door closer according to claim 7, wherein the meltable plug melts between 200° F and 300° F.
9. A door closer comprising:
a door closer body having an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir in a top portion thereof, a circular boss extending above the fluid reservoir and a plug aperture in the central boss;
a meltable plug within the plug aperture; and hydraulic fluid within the door closer body, an inner end of the plug aperture being in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid.
a door closer body having an open surfaced fluid retaining reservoir in a top portion thereof, a circular boss extending above the fluid reservoir and a plug aperture in the central boss;
a meltable plug within the plug aperture; and hydraulic fluid within the door closer body, an inner end of the plug aperture being in fluid communication with the hydraulic fluid.
10. The door closer according to claim 9, wherein the meltable plug melts between 200° F and 300° F.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13036499P | 1999-04-21 | 1999-04-21 | |
| US60/130,364 | 1999-04-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2305994A1 true CA2305994A1 (en) | 2000-10-21 |
Family
ID=22444348
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2305994 Abandoned CA2305994A1 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2000-04-18 | Door closer |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2305994A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2349173B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8225458B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2012-07-24 | Hoffberg Steven M | Intelligent door restraint |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI117766B (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2007-02-15 | Abloy Oy | door closer |
| JP6002070B2 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2016-10-05 | リョービ株式会社 | Door closer |
| EP2993295A1 (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-03-09 | DORMA Deutschland GmbH | Concealed door operator |
| DE102019209260B4 (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2021-01-07 | Geze Gmbh | DRIVE FOR A DOOR OR WINDOW LEAF |
| DE102019209262B4 (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2021-01-21 | Geze Gmbh | DRIVE FOR A DOOR OR WINDOW LEAF |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2147584C (en) * | 1994-04-25 | 2001-08-14 | Rex H. Lasson | Door closer for the non-fire side of a fire-door safety installation |
-
2000
- 2000-04-18 CA CA 2305994 patent/CA2305994A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-20 GB GB0009692A patent/GB2349173B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8225458B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2012-07-24 | Hoffberg Steven M | Intelligent door restraint |
| US9045927B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2015-06-02 | Steven M. Hoffberg | Intelligent door restraint |
| US9121217B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2015-09-01 | Steven M. Hoffberg | Intelligent door restraint |
| US9995076B1 (en) | 2001-07-13 | 2018-06-12 | Steven M. Hoffberg | Intelligent door restraint |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2349173A (en) | 2000-10-25 |
| GB0009692D0 (en) | 2000-06-07 |
| GB2349173B (en) | 2002-10-23 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |