CA2220132A1 - Modular building framework - Google Patents
Modular building framework Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2220132A1 CA2220132A1 CA 2220132 CA2220132A CA2220132A1 CA 2220132 A1 CA2220132 A1 CA 2220132A1 CA 2220132 CA2220132 CA 2220132 CA 2220132 A CA2220132 A CA 2220132A CA 2220132 A1 CA2220132 A1 CA 2220132A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sub
- frames
- modular building
- roof
- building framework
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
- E04B1/34315—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts
- E04B1/34321—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport characterised by separable parts mainly constituted by panels
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B2001/0053—Buildings characterised by their shape or layout grid
- E04B2001/0084—Buildings with non right-angled horizontal layout grid, e.g. triangular or hexagonal
- E04B2001/0092—Small buildings with hexagonal or similar horizontal cross-section
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2415—Brackets, gussets, joining plates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2448—Connections between open section profiles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B2001/249—Structures with a sloping roof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
- Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
Abstract
A modular building framework comprising structural sub-frames and interconnecting plates. The sub-frames have an open construction and are made in standard size to reduce the number of components required to construct a building. The interconnecting plates are of three designs: an eaves plate (22); a ridge plate (33), and a wall plate (21). The modular building framework can be easily extended to two or more storeys. The same framework can form walls, floors, ceilings and roof.
Description
2 . PCT/AU96/00251 TITLE
UMODULAR BUILDING FRAMEWOR~' FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to building structures and in particular 5 to a modular building framework which can be rapidly erected with minimal effort and ,nanpower. The invention will find application in a range of building situations including dG",aslic housing, industrial sheds and farm structures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various alle"~ s have been made to develop modular building systems. The primary problem with prior art aller"pls has been sho, lcomings with the structural integrity of the resultant structure.
Another difficulty is that the known systems are not truly modular since they are difficult to erect and very difficult to modify once erected.
The inventors are aware of United States Patent Number 4858398 in the name of Ricchini which describes a ,urerab, icated, modular building construction system that addresses the problem of structural integrity by constructing panels of channel shaped frame members surrounding a rigid insulating core with prolec~i~fe surface layers 2 0 laminated on both sides. This ap~.roacl, has two primary problems.
Firstly, there is difficulty in providing a weatherproof seal between the panels. SecGI-dly, the resultant structure requires illlenlal trusses to support the roof structure. Both of these features are undesirable.
The inventors are also aware of United States Patent Number 5072554 in the name of Hayman that is directed to a prefabricated modular storage building constructed from a number of panels which are interlocked by means of a flange and channel arrangement. This invention suffers from similar problems to that des~;l i6ed above as well as being particularly difficult to assemble.
Modular framing systems, such as those described by De Blanken in ll,lell,dlio,,al Patent Application W029537194, aim to provide economies of handling, storage and lldl Is~ol l by pel ror",ing a number of WO 96/35022 PCT/AU96/002Sl the construction tasks in a fabrication shop and then transporting the prefabricated modules to the construction site. Although achieving the stated aim, at least in part, they do not provide any particular advantage in terms of the ease of construction or cost of materials.
Another prior art system known to the inventors is that described in International Patent Application Number WO 95/02097 (PCT/AU94/00335) in the name of Leftminster Pty Ltd. The Leftminster system is based upon L,~ ,uo,lable ~rerabricated wall, floor and roof panels. In the Lerl,nir,sler system the panels required for a particular structure are designed and constructed before transportation to the erection site. The preraL,ricated panels are erected on site onto prepared floor support footings. The Lell",il,sler system is not modular since it is not based upon a standard set of panels. Furthermore, it requires a large number of separ~le components including bracing (or trusses) to support the roof.
Although the LerL" li"sler application describes a prefabricated building system having some improvements over known metal frame constructions it fails to capture an advantage due to the complexity of construction on site and the extensive variety of 2 0 components required. The need for a truss-like roof structure for structural integrity seriously limits the versatility and applicability of the system.
In general, the prior art construction techni~ues require a complex array of co,nponents including studs, plates, cleats, wall and roof girts, nuts and bolts, trusses, cladding, and so forth. The large number of components requires the builder to spend a considerable amount of time fitting them together. Furthermore, the known modular structures are normally limited to specific structural cladding which is essenLial for adding s~rt:llyLll to the building. Also, once erected, the structures are difficult to extend.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a modular WO 96135022 . PCT/AU96100251 building framework which has minimal components and forms a structure which does not require the use of cladding or bracing to provide structural integrity.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a modular ~ 5 building framework which is simple and fast to assemble or disassemble co"".ared to prior known systems.
It is a yet further object of the invention to provide a modular building framework which provides ease of structural modification.
Further ol,jecl.~ will be evident from the following ~isu ~ssion.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In one form although it need not be the only or indeed the broadest form, the invention resides in a modular building framework comprising structural sub-frames and inler~o"llecting plates;
said structural sub-r,d",es being of an open construction having a pre-determined configuration;
said structural sub-frames being removably connected to form the building framework including walls and roof;
wherein wall sub-f,d",es are removably connected to form wall structures roof sub-frames are removably connected to the wall sub-2 o frames by first interconnecting plates and ~- ~3 - ce, ~l roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge are removably connected by second i"lerco""ecting plates to form a roof structure;
the CGI " ,eclion of sub-frames to sub-frames and sub-frames to i"ler~""ecting plates being by removable fixing means; and wherein structural integrity of the building framework is provided by the i"Le~co""ected sub-r,d",es without the need for cladding or bracing.
Structural sub-frames ,ure~:rdbly CGI I ~p rise perimeter members and i"le",al members. The perimeter members suitably perform a structural role and the i"ler~,al "~e"~ber~ provide cladding support.
The roof structure is suitably provided by inlercG""ected sub-frames without the need for trusses or bracing.
WO 96135022 . PCT/AU96100251 The modular building framework may further comprise a ceiling structure ror" led from interconnected sub-frames. Structural integrity of the building framework may be provided by the interconnected sub-r,ames forming the wail structures and ceiling structure. Plererably the roof structure is not required for structural integrity of the building frameworkwhen co,l"u,ising a ceiling structure.
In preference the structural sub-frames are assembled from malerials having high tensile strength such as metal sections, carbon flbre beams, synthetic timber, plastics or other modern construction 1 o material.
The sub-frames can be constructed to the appropriate wind code rating. Preferably the building framework has a wind code rating up to W70.
The structural sub-frames are suitably made in a number of standard sizes and configurations. The sub-frames are suitably pre-manufaciur~:d ar,d held ir, s-ock with a supply of pre-mar,u~lac.ured interconnecting plates.
There is pre~rably provided a third inl~r~llneclillg plate adapted to removably connect slalldald sub-rl~llles to form combination 2 o sub-frames.
In ~rererellce the structural sub-frames are inlercollllected to form illlel"al wall structures, ceiling structures and floor structures without additional structural cGIllpGnents.
The resultant structure may suitably be clad in any desired material without regard to the structural properties of the cladding.
In ~rererellce the modular building framework is erected in situ on bolts cast in an edge thickened or pier fitted concrete foundation.
The secGnd il-ler~llllecting plate ,creferably colll,.rises a ridge plate with a roof pitch of between 15~ and 50~.
In a further form the invention resides in a method of constructing a modular building including the steps of:
constructing a plurality of sub-frames, said sub-frames being WO 96/35022 . PCT/AU96/00251 of an open construction and having a pre-dele""ined configuration;
removably connecting ~5-ce"l wall sub-frames to form wall structures;
removably co"uecling roof sub-frames to said wall sub-~ 5 frames with first i~llelco""e.;ting plates;
removably connecting ~dj-cent roof sub-frames to form a roof structure; and removably attaching cladding to the sub-frames to form a building.
In prefer~nce the step of removably connecting adjacent roof sub-frames to form a roof structure includes the step of removably connecting roof sub-r, d"~es meeting at a ridge with second interconnecting plates.
In pr~:rere, .ce the rl l~lhoJ further includes the steps of 1 5 removably CGI 11 ,e~ti, .g further sub-frames to form i- ,le" ,al wall structures, floor structures or ceiling structures.
The method may further include the step of removably connecting sub-frames to sub-frames with third i"lercGnnecting plates to form larger structures.
In a still further form the invention resides in a method of extending a modular building including the steps of:
detacl ,i, .g cladding from a modular building framework;
disco",.ecting one or more sub-r,d",es from ~-5~cel,l sub-frames and i"lercc nne~;ting plates;
connecting a.ldilio"al sub-frames to existing sub-frames to extend the modular building framework;
re-connecting discol",e-;led sub-rldllles; and attaching cladding to complete the extended modular building.
BRIEF DETAILS OF THE DRAWINGS
To assist in under:,ld, ~ding the invention preferred embodiments will now be described with rererence to the following figures in which:
FIG 1 is a schematic of a standard wall sub-frame;
FIG 2 shows the method of forming a sub-frame;
FIG 3 is a schematic of a sldl ,ddrd wall sub-frame including a door and a window space;
FIG 4 is a scher"dlic of a slanda(d roof sub-frame;
FIG 5 is an isometric view of a shed construction incorporating a variety of ~Idl ,da~ d sub-r, dn ,es FIG 6 is a schematic of an eaves plate;
FIG 7 is a schematic of a ridge plate;
FIG 8 is a scher"alic of an extension plate;
FIG 9 is a cut-away view of a po,lio,- of an asse"lblage of sub-frames;
FIG 10 shows the al, dl ,yement of a typical fooli"g 1 5 FIG 11 is a series of figures demonstrating the method of construction of a shed;
FIG 12 is an exploded view of a modular building framework for a house;
FIG 13 is an isometric view of an alle" .dli .e shed construction;
FIG 14 is a schelndlic of a ridge plate for the shed of FIG. 13; and FIG 15 tabulates constru~.tiG, .al data.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the dralr ;ngs like rerelel-ce numerals refer to like parts.
For simplicit~ of e~ldnalio,- rerer~"ce will be made to sub-frames 25 constructed from steel channel me,..L,er~i of C profile. Adjacent members are welded to form the sub-frames. Although the prefer~ed e",bodimenl refers to steel chdl " ,el ll-ellll-er:i of specific dimeu siGnsl it will be appart:nl that other dimensions or other materials will be appro,. riate depending on the load-beali,-g c~l-~cil~ required. Welding may also be replaced by 30 equivalent means such as bolting or ~ressi,.~ to assel.,ble the sub-rldllleS.
Referring to FIG 1 there is shown a typical wall sub-frame comprising perimeter members constructed from 150 mm channel sections of 1.9 mm thickness indicated as 1 and 1.0 mm thickness indicated as 2. The sub-frames are formed with the cl,a"nel sections having the C' facing inwards. Inle",al members 3 are 100 mm channel 5 sections of 1.5 mm thickness. Channel sections are butt welded 4 as shown in FIG 2. The perimeter members 1 2 perform a structural role by forming a portal-like frame and when built on a co"c(~:le slab, piers or stumps providing strong hold down. The internal r~eml/ers generally act as cladding supports in a similar manner to studs girts purlins battens 10 heads mullions and sills.
The wall sub-r,d",es of FIG 1 are formed in a sLa"dard size of 3000 mm wide by 3000 mm high. To facilitate construction of a variety of structures, sub-frames are made in ~la"dard widths of 600 mm 900 mm 1500 mm, 2400 mm 2700 mm and 3000 mm and :.Landard heights of 2400 mm 2700 mm and 3000 mm. For special construction 1/2 size or /~ size can be made.
The modular nature of the building framework allows a stock of sub-frames and i"lerconnecting plates to be pre-manufactured to pre-determined configurations. The required sub-frames and i"ler~nnecting 20 plates for a building are then supplied direct from stock as opposed to being purpose fabricated as in prior art systems. This arrangel"e"l also has adva"lages in achieving plumb and square in the modular building framework bec~ ~se it is constructed from pre-manl ~ red stock of pre-determined configuration with factory tolera"ces.
The inventors have found that only three basic types of sub-frames are required these are:
a. C10015 sub-frames col"~risi"y perir~eler members of 1.5 ~ mm thick 100 mm C section channels and internal members of 1.5 mm thick 100 mm C section channels;
~ 30 b. C15015 sub-frames ccl"~,ising peli",eler mel"bers of 1.5 mm thick 150 mm C section channels and i"le~ "al members of 1.5 mm thick 150 mm C section channels; and CA 02220l32 l997-ll-04 WO 96/350~2 . PCT/AU96/00251 c. C15019P sub-frames CG~ lisil)y pe,i~"eter members of 1.9 mm thick 150 mm C section channels and internal members of 1.5 mm thick 150 mm C section channels.
A 3000 mm wide by 3000 mm high sub-frame with a door 5 space and a window space is shown in FIG 3. As with the full wall sub-frame of FIG 1 the peri"~eter members 5 of the sub-frame are 150 mm channel sections of 1.5 mm thickness (or 1.9 mm for higher wind ratings) with the remaining me",be,~ being of lighter gauge.
Roof sub-frames are formed in a similar manner to the wall sub-frames. The roof sub-frame depicted in FIG 4 are formed as 3000 mm by 3000 mm. The sub-frame is formed from 150 mm C channel sections of 1.5 mm (or 1.9 mm) thickness.
A building 6 formed from a number of s~a"da~d sub-frames is shown in FIG 5. The building is made from two identical sub-frames 7 designed with a garage door space. A door sub-frame 8 and window sub-frame 9 make up one side of the building. The remaining sides (not seen) are identical to the standard sub-frame of FIG 1. Four identical roof sub-frames 10 form the roof. Gable infill sub-frame 11 completes the modular building framework.
Wall sub-frames are removably connected to adjoining roof sub-frames by eaves plates 12, such as shown sol,e,~dlically in FIG 6.
For the sub-r,dr"es des~ibed above the eaves plates are made from 5 mm thick bisalloy with each arm 13 having a length of 700 mm. A locdliny lug 14 assists in locating the plate for asse",l-ly. A number of bolt holes such as 15, are pre-drilled in the eaves plate to f~cilit~te fixing.
Roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge are removably connected by ridge plate 16 shown in FIG 7. The ridge plate is also made from 5 mm thick bisalloy and has a number of bolt holes such as 17. For the modular building framework shown in FIG 5 the ridge plate has 400 mm arms 18 and a 688 mm central region 19. The ridge plate is formed with a slirr~l ,i"9 plate 20.
For larger structures an exLe"sion plate 21 as shown in FIG
WO 96/35022 . PCT/AU96/00251 8, facilitates connection of adjoining sub-frames to form a large roof or a tall building.
As assemblage of wall sub-frames, roof sub-frames, eaves plates, extension plates and roof plates are shown in FIG 9. A ridge plate 22 is shown connecting roof sub-r,d",es 23 and 24 meeting at a ridge.
Adjoining roof sub-frames, such as 25, will also be connected. In the example shown each side of the roof is two sub-r,a",es long thererore requiring the use of an extension plate 26 to join the roof sub-frames 27, 28, 29 and 30. The roof sub-frames 28 and 27 extend beyond the wall 1 o sub-frames 31 and 32 to form eaves. The sub-frames 27, 28, 31 and 32 are connected with an eaves plate 33. (The roof sub-frame 27 is shown cut short to reveal the eaves plate 33.) Although bisalloy interconnecting plates provide a high strength structure, they are not required in every situation. The interconnecting plates can be of mild steel if lower wind ratings are acceptable.
A ceiling framework 34 can be simply added to the modular building framework by bolting to, for example, the top of the wall sub-frame 31 and the eaves plate 33.
All roof sub-frames, wall sub-r,dr"es and i"l~r~or" ,ecting plates are bolted together with M12 8.8/S UNO bolts. The assemblage of FIG 9 can be easily ~~is~sse",bled by removing the bolts. Other fixing means such as self tapping screws and welds may be suitable in some situations.
The modular building framework is conveniently erected on a concrete slab 35 having M12 cast-in bolts 35a such as shown in FIG
10. Wall sub-frames 31 and 32 which meet at a comer are bolted to the cGncrete slab and to each other as shown in FIG 9.
A IlleLhGd of asse~bly of a modular building framework for a shed is depicted in FIG 11. A co"crele slab is poured with cast-in bolts.
The comer wall sub-frames are initially bolted together and to the concrete foundation as shown in FIG 11(a). The remaining wall sub-WO 96135022 PCT/AU961002Sl frames are bolted to the co~ e foundation as shown in FIG 11(b).
Eaves plates may be conveniently bolted into position at this stage. A
first roof sub-frame is erected into place and the highest point may be supported with props as shown in FIG 11~) or with the gable infill (shown 5 as 11 in FIG 5). The roof sub-frame is bolted to the eaves plates. A
corresponding roof sub-frame is erected and bolted to the eaves plates.
A ridge plate is bolted into position to connect the two roof sub-~",es to form the stage shown in FIG 11(d). The remaining roof sub-frames are bolted into place to complete the modular building sub-frame.
The above describes one method of constructing a shed.
For other structures the method of construction will vary. For example a ceiling may be constructed on the asser.lLled walls prior to the erection of the roof sub-frames. Fu,ll.e~",ore the roof could be assel"bled sepa,~3lely and lifted into position with a crane. The shed could be constructed 15 directly onto the ground without a slab first being poured.
Due to the light weight of each sub-frame the steps depicted in FIG 11 to erect a modular building sub-frame can be pe,ro",~ed by two people although the task is somewhat easier with three or more people.
The invention is not limited to the simple structures of FIG 5 20 and FIG 11. A residential building such as that shown in the exploded view of FIG 12 is possible. FIG 12 clearly shows a variety of dirrere, IL wall sub-frames such as 36 and 37. Ceiling sub-frames 38 are also shown arranged to form a ceiling. There is no requirement for ceiling battens.
Roof sub-frames 39 are shown arranged to form the roof of the house.
25 There is no require"~enl for roof trusses or roof battening.
The inventors have found that the roof structure is not required for the structural integrity of the building framework. Ceiling sub-frames have sufficient structural capacily that a structure formed by the wall sub-r,dr"es and ceiling sub-frames meets relevant building 30 standards. This provides flexibility in construction and facilitates multiple storey structures. Furthen~ore the roof can be almost any shape without i" ,pacti"y on the strength or wind resistance of the rest of the structure.
CA 02220l32 l997-ll-04 It will be appreciated that any desired form of cladding 40 can be used to cover the modular building framework and complete the house. A cGr"",o" roof cladding would be Custom Orb 0.42 BMT. A
co"""o" wall cladding would be timber, fibrous sheet or brick veneer.
It will be appreci~te~ that the structure depicted in FIG 12 can be easily disassembled and extended or relocated. The ceiling framework has sufficient load bearing capacity to form the floor for another storey. To form the extra storey it is only necess~ry to unbolt and remove the eaves plates. Extension plates are bolted into place, the roof is raised or removed and additional wall sub-frames are bolted in place.
The eaves plates are then bolted in place to connect the roof sub-frames to the new wall sub-frames.
Similarly, the structure can be extended laterally. A wall or section of wall is removed and additional wall sub-frames are assembled to enlarge the structure. Ceiling sub-frames and roof sub-frames are assembled as described above.
The invention has particular advantage to form structures of unconve"lional shape. The oc~go"al shed 41 of FIG 13 would normally be constructed with a central pillar. With the modular building framework described herein the shed can be constructed without a central pillar. A
custom ridge plate 42, as shown in FIG 13, connects eight roof sub-frames 43. The roof sub-r,dr.,es 43 are connected to the wall sub-frames in the same way as described above.
FIG 15 tabulates a variety of shed structures that can be constructed with the three basic sub-frames described earlier. The table shows the material combinations required to achieve required strengths (in kNm) and example shed sizes. Column 44 applies to C15019P/2 (two adjoining perimeter members) sub-frames and 5 mm Bisalloy 360 inLer~",lecting plates. Column 45 applies to C15019P sub-frames and 5 mm Bisalloy 360 i,llerco"uecting plates. Column,46 applies to C15015 sub-f,d",es and 5 mm Bisalloy 360 interconnecting plates. Column 47 applies to C15015 sub-frames and 5 mm mild steel i"ler~;on"ecting plates.
For example, a shed 6 m wide by 3 m high constructed to W55C wind rating requires C15015 sub-frames and 5 mm Bisalloy 360 interconnecting plate (column 46) or better. Similar tabulations can be 5 prepared for other structures, such as domestic housing. In general, C10015 sub-frames are used for the walls, C10015 or C15015 sub-frames are used for the ceilings and C15015 or C15019P sub-frames are used for the roof.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art of building 10 construction that the modular building framework described herein offers a number of advantages. The rigid open framework structure enables a wide range of cladding ~ lerials to be used, which was not possible previously. The cladding can be erected onto the framework by conventional means.
1 5 Bec~ ~se a :jL~I Ida~l range of sub-frames are pre-manufactured there are significant advantages for improved measurement tolerances and increased quality assurance.
Structures with wind classification from the lowest rating of W28N (N1 ) through to the highest rating of W70C (C4) can be 20 constructed using the same modular system.
Because of the ~ lilllal number of components and the light weight sub-frames, the layperson or professiol lal builder can easily erect a building in ~irlilllal time. In practice it has been found that the modular system acco, ding to the present invention enables the frame erection time 25 to be reduced by at least 50%. This minimises the impact of weather problems and reduces the time to lock-up and overall project completion.
Further, the height of the building can be increased at a later date by simply unbolting and removing the roof panels and eaves plates, affixing extra wall panels and inler~nnecting plates at the top of ~ 30 the existing wall panels, and replacing the eaves plates and roof panels.
The system is also applicable to the design and constructing of buildings having a variety of shapes, for instance hexagonal and o~ go"al and in these instances the roof framework panels will generally have a triangular or other configuration.
Throughout the specification the aim has been to describe the prefe,.ed embodiments of the invention without limiting the invention 5 to any one er"bodi",enL or specific collection of features.
UMODULAR BUILDING FRAMEWOR~' FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to building structures and in particular 5 to a modular building framework which can be rapidly erected with minimal effort and ,nanpower. The invention will find application in a range of building situations including dG",aslic housing, industrial sheds and farm structures.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various alle"~ s have been made to develop modular building systems. The primary problem with prior art aller"pls has been sho, lcomings with the structural integrity of the resultant structure.
Another difficulty is that the known systems are not truly modular since they are difficult to erect and very difficult to modify once erected.
The inventors are aware of United States Patent Number 4858398 in the name of Ricchini which describes a ,urerab, icated, modular building construction system that addresses the problem of structural integrity by constructing panels of channel shaped frame members surrounding a rigid insulating core with prolec~i~fe surface layers 2 0 laminated on both sides. This ap~.roacl, has two primary problems.
Firstly, there is difficulty in providing a weatherproof seal between the panels. SecGI-dly, the resultant structure requires illlenlal trusses to support the roof structure. Both of these features are undesirable.
The inventors are also aware of United States Patent Number 5072554 in the name of Hayman that is directed to a prefabricated modular storage building constructed from a number of panels which are interlocked by means of a flange and channel arrangement. This invention suffers from similar problems to that des~;l i6ed above as well as being particularly difficult to assemble.
Modular framing systems, such as those described by De Blanken in ll,lell,dlio,,al Patent Application W029537194, aim to provide economies of handling, storage and lldl Is~ol l by pel ror",ing a number of WO 96/35022 PCT/AU96/002Sl the construction tasks in a fabrication shop and then transporting the prefabricated modules to the construction site. Although achieving the stated aim, at least in part, they do not provide any particular advantage in terms of the ease of construction or cost of materials.
Another prior art system known to the inventors is that described in International Patent Application Number WO 95/02097 (PCT/AU94/00335) in the name of Leftminster Pty Ltd. The Leftminster system is based upon L,~ ,uo,lable ~rerabricated wall, floor and roof panels. In the Lerl,nir,sler system the panels required for a particular structure are designed and constructed before transportation to the erection site. The preraL,ricated panels are erected on site onto prepared floor support footings. The Lell",il,sler system is not modular since it is not based upon a standard set of panels. Furthermore, it requires a large number of separ~le components including bracing (or trusses) to support the roof.
Although the LerL" li"sler application describes a prefabricated building system having some improvements over known metal frame constructions it fails to capture an advantage due to the complexity of construction on site and the extensive variety of 2 0 components required. The need for a truss-like roof structure for structural integrity seriously limits the versatility and applicability of the system.
In general, the prior art construction techni~ues require a complex array of co,nponents including studs, plates, cleats, wall and roof girts, nuts and bolts, trusses, cladding, and so forth. The large number of components requires the builder to spend a considerable amount of time fitting them together. Furthermore, the known modular structures are normally limited to specific structural cladding which is essenLial for adding s~rt:llyLll to the building. Also, once erected, the structures are difficult to extend.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a modular WO 96135022 . PCT/AU96100251 building framework which has minimal components and forms a structure which does not require the use of cladding or bracing to provide structural integrity.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a modular ~ 5 building framework which is simple and fast to assemble or disassemble co"".ared to prior known systems.
It is a yet further object of the invention to provide a modular building framework which provides ease of structural modification.
Further ol,jecl.~ will be evident from the following ~isu ~ssion.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In one form although it need not be the only or indeed the broadest form, the invention resides in a modular building framework comprising structural sub-frames and inler~o"llecting plates;
said structural sub-r,d",es being of an open construction having a pre-determined configuration;
said structural sub-frames being removably connected to form the building framework including walls and roof;
wherein wall sub-f,d",es are removably connected to form wall structures roof sub-frames are removably connected to the wall sub-2 o frames by first interconnecting plates and ~- ~3 - ce, ~l roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge are removably connected by second i"lerco""ecting plates to form a roof structure;
the CGI " ,eclion of sub-frames to sub-frames and sub-frames to i"ler~""ecting plates being by removable fixing means; and wherein structural integrity of the building framework is provided by the i"Le~co""ected sub-r,d",es without the need for cladding or bracing.
Structural sub-frames ,ure~:rdbly CGI I ~p rise perimeter members and i"le",al members. The perimeter members suitably perform a structural role and the i"ler~,al "~e"~ber~ provide cladding support.
The roof structure is suitably provided by inlercG""ected sub-frames without the need for trusses or bracing.
WO 96135022 . PCT/AU96100251 The modular building framework may further comprise a ceiling structure ror" led from interconnected sub-frames. Structural integrity of the building framework may be provided by the interconnected sub-r,ames forming the wail structures and ceiling structure. Plererably the roof structure is not required for structural integrity of the building frameworkwhen co,l"u,ising a ceiling structure.
In preference the structural sub-frames are assembled from malerials having high tensile strength such as metal sections, carbon flbre beams, synthetic timber, plastics or other modern construction 1 o material.
The sub-frames can be constructed to the appropriate wind code rating. Preferably the building framework has a wind code rating up to W70.
The structural sub-frames are suitably made in a number of standard sizes and configurations. The sub-frames are suitably pre-manufaciur~:d ar,d held ir, s-ock with a supply of pre-mar,u~lac.ured interconnecting plates.
There is pre~rably provided a third inl~r~llneclillg plate adapted to removably connect slalldald sub-rl~llles to form combination 2 o sub-frames.
In ~rererellce the structural sub-frames are inlercollllected to form illlel"al wall structures, ceiling structures and floor structures without additional structural cGIllpGnents.
The resultant structure may suitably be clad in any desired material without regard to the structural properties of the cladding.
In ~rererellce the modular building framework is erected in situ on bolts cast in an edge thickened or pier fitted concrete foundation.
The secGnd il-ler~llllecting plate ,creferably colll,.rises a ridge plate with a roof pitch of between 15~ and 50~.
In a further form the invention resides in a method of constructing a modular building including the steps of:
constructing a plurality of sub-frames, said sub-frames being WO 96/35022 . PCT/AU96/00251 of an open construction and having a pre-dele""ined configuration;
removably connecting ~5-ce"l wall sub-frames to form wall structures;
removably co"uecling roof sub-frames to said wall sub-~ 5 frames with first i~llelco""e.;ting plates;
removably connecting ~dj-cent roof sub-frames to form a roof structure; and removably attaching cladding to the sub-frames to form a building.
In prefer~nce the step of removably connecting adjacent roof sub-frames to form a roof structure includes the step of removably connecting roof sub-r, d"~es meeting at a ridge with second interconnecting plates.
In pr~:rere, .ce the rl l~lhoJ further includes the steps of 1 5 removably CGI 11 ,e~ti, .g further sub-frames to form i- ,le" ,al wall structures, floor structures or ceiling structures.
The method may further include the step of removably connecting sub-frames to sub-frames with third i"lercGnnecting plates to form larger structures.
In a still further form the invention resides in a method of extending a modular building including the steps of:
detacl ,i, .g cladding from a modular building framework;
disco",.ecting one or more sub-r,d",es from ~-5~cel,l sub-frames and i"lercc nne~;ting plates;
connecting a.ldilio"al sub-frames to existing sub-frames to extend the modular building framework;
re-connecting discol",e-;led sub-rldllles; and attaching cladding to complete the extended modular building.
BRIEF DETAILS OF THE DRAWINGS
To assist in under:,ld, ~ding the invention preferred embodiments will now be described with rererence to the following figures in which:
FIG 1 is a schematic of a standard wall sub-frame;
FIG 2 shows the method of forming a sub-frame;
FIG 3 is a schematic of a sldl ,ddrd wall sub-frame including a door and a window space;
FIG 4 is a scher"dlic of a slanda(d roof sub-frame;
FIG 5 is an isometric view of a shed construction incorporating a variety of ~Idl ,da~ d sub-r, dn ,es FIG 6 is a schematic of an eaves plate;
FIG 7 is a schematic of a ridge plate;
FIG 8 is a scher"alic of an extension plate;
FIG 9 is a cut-away view of a po,lio,- of an asse"lblage of sub-frames;
FIG 10 shows the al, dl ,yement of a typical fooli"g 1 5 FIG 11 is a series of figures demonstrating the method of construction of a shed;
FIG 12 is an exploded view of a modular building framework for a house;
FIG 13 is an isometric view of an alle" .dli .e shed construction;
FIG 14 is a schelndlic of a ridge plate for the shed of FIG. 13; and FIG 15 tabulates constru~.tiG, .al data.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the dralr ;ngs like rerelel-ce numerals refer to like parts.
For simplicit~ of e~ldnalio,- rerer~"ce will be made to sub-frames 25 constructed from steel channel me,..L,er~i of C profile. Adjacent members are welded to form the sub-frames. Although the prefer~ed e",bodimenl refers to steel chdl " ,el ll-ellll-er:i of specific dimeu siGnsl it will be appart:nl that other dimensions or other materials will be appro,. riate depending on the load-beali,-g c~l-~cil~ required. Welding may also be replaced by 30 equivalent means such as bolting or ~ressi,.~ to assel.,ble the sub-rldllleS.
Referring to FIG 1 there is shown a typical wall sub-frame comprising perimeter members constructed from 150 mm channel sections of 1.9 mm thickness indicated as 1 and 1.0 mm thickness indicated as 2. The sub-frames are formed with the cl,a"nel sections having the C' facing inwards. Inle",al members 3 are 100 mm channel 5 sections of 1.5 mm thickness. Channel sections are butt welded 4 as shown in FIG 2. The perimeter members 1 2 perform a structural role by forming a portal-like frame and when built on a co"c(~:le slab, piers or stumps providing strong hold down. The internal r~eml/ers generally act as cladding supports in a similar manner to studs girts purlins battens 10 heads mullions and sills.
The wall sub-r,d",es of FIG 1 are formed in a sLa"dard size of 3000 mm wide by 3000 mm high. To facilitate construction of a variety of structures, sub-frames are made in ~la"dard widths of 600 mm 900 mm 1500 mm, 2400 mm 2700 mm and 3000 mm and :.Landard heights of 2400 mm 2700 mm and 3000 mm. For special construction 1/2 size or /~ size can be made.
The modular nature of the building framework allows a stock of sub-frames and i"lerconnecting plates to be pre-manufactured to pre-determined configurations. The required sub-frames and i"ler~nnecting 20 plates for a building are then supplied direct from stock as opposed to being purpose fabricated as in prior art systems. This arrangel"e"l also has adva"lages in achieving plumb and square in the modular building framework bec~ ~se it is constructed from pre-manl ~ red stock of pre-determined configuration with factory tolera"ces.
The inventors have found that only three basic types of sub-frames are required these are:
a. C10015 sub-frames col"~risi"y perir~eler members of 1.5 ~ mm thick 100 mm C section channels and internal members of 1.5 mm thick 100 mm C section channels;
~ 30 b. C15015 sub-frames ccl"~,ising peli",eler mel"bers of 1.5 mm thick 150 mm C section channels and i"le~ "al members of 1.5 mm thick 150 mm C section channels; and CA 02220l32 l997-ll-04 WO 96/350~2 . PCT/AU96/00251 c. C15019P sub-frames CG~ lisil)y pe,i~"eter members of 1.9 mm thick 150 mm C section channels and internal members of 1.5 mm thick 150 mm C section channels.
A 3000 mm wide by 3000 mm high sub-frame with a door 5 space and a window space is shown in FIG 3. As with the full wall sub-frame of FIG 1 the peri"~eter members 5 of the sub-frame are 150 mm channel sections of 1.5 mm thickness (or 1.9 mm for higher wind ratings) with the remaining me",be,~ being of lighter gauge.
Roof sub-frames are formed in a similar manner to the wall sub-frames. The roof sub-frame depicted in FIG 4 are formed as 3000 mm by 3000 mm. The sub-frame is formed from 150 mm C channel sections of 1.5 mm (or 1.9 mm) thickness.
A building 6 formed from a number of s~a"da~d sub-frames is shown in FIG 5. The building is made from two identical sub-frames 7 designed with a garage door space. A door sub-frame 8 and window sub-frame 9 make up one side of the building. The remaining sides (not seen) are identical to the standard sub-frame of FIG 1. Four identical roof sub-frames 10 form the roof. Gable infill sub-frame 11 completes the modular building framework.
Wall sub-frames are removably connected to adjoining roof sub-frames by eaves plates 12, such as shown sol,e,~dlically in FIG 6.
For the sub-r,dr"es des~ibed above the eaves plates are made from 5 mm thick bisalloy with each arm 13 having a length of 700 mm. A locdliny lug 14 assists in locating the plate for asse",l-ly. A number of bolt holes such as 15, are pre-drilled in the eaves plate to f~cilit~te fixing.
Roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge are removably connected by ridge plate 16 shown in FIG 7. The ridge plate is also made from 5 mm thick bisalloy and has a number of bolt holes such as 17. For the modular building framework shown in FIG 5 the ridge plate has 400 mm arms 18 and a 688 mm central region 19. The ridge plate is formed with a slirr~l ,i"9 plate 20.
For larger structures an exLe"sion plate 21 as shown in FIG
WO 96/35022 . PCT/AU96/00251 8, facilitates connection of adjoining sub-frames to form a large roof or a tall building.
As assemblage of wall sub-frames, roof sub-frames, eaves plates, extension plates and roof plates are shown in FIG 9. A ridge plate 22 is shown connecting roof sub-r,d",es 23 and 24 meeting at a ridge.
Adjoining roof sub-frames, such as 25, will also be connected. In the example shown each side of the roof is two sub-r,a",es long thererore requiring the use of an extension plate 26 to join the roof sub-frames 27, 28, 29 and 30. The roof sub-frames 28 and 27 extend beyond the wall 1 o sub-frames 31 and 32 to form eaves. The sub-frames 27, 28, 31 and 32 are connected with an eaves plate 33. (The roof sub-frame 27 is shown cut short to reveal the eaves plate 33.) Although bisalloy interconnecting plates provide a high strength structure, they are not required in every situation. The interconnecting plates can be of mild steel if lower wind ratings are acceptable.
A ceiling framework 34 can be simply added to the modular building framework by bolting to, for example, the top of the wall sub-frame 31 and the eaves plate 33.
All roof sub-frames, wall sub-r,dr"es and i"l~r~or" ,ecting plates are bolted together with M12 8.8/S UNO bolts. The assemblage of FIG 9 can be easily ~~is~sse",bled by removing the bolts. Other fixing means such as self tapping screws and welds may be suitable in some situations.
The modular building framework is conveniently erected on a concrete slab 35 having M12 cast-in bolts 35a such as shown in FIG
10. Wall sub-frames 31 and 32 which meet at a comer are bolted to the cGncrete slab and to each other as shown in FIG 9.
A IlleLhGd of asse~bly of a modular building framework for a shed is depicted in FIG 11. A co"crele slab is poured with cast-in bolts.
The comer wall sub-frames are initially bolted together and to the concrete foundation as shown in FIG 11(a). The remaining wall sub-WO 96135022 PCT/AU961002Sl frames are bolted to the co~ e foundation as shown in FIG 11(b).
Eaves plates may be conveniently bolted into position at this stage. A
first roof sub-frame is erected into place and the highest point may be supported with props as shown in FIG 11~) or with the gable infill (shown 5 as 11 in FIG 5). The roof sub-frame is bolted to the eaves plates. A
corresponding roof sub-frame is erected and bolted to the eaves plates.
A ridge plate is bolted into position to connect the two roof sub-~",es to form the stage shown in FIG 11(d). The remaining roof sub-frames are bolted into place to complete the modular building sub-frame.
The above describes one method of constructing a shed.
For other structures the method of construction will vary. For example a ceiling may be constructed on the asser.lLled walls prior to the erection of the roof sub-frames. Fu,ll.e~",ore the roof could be assel"bled sepa,~3lely and lifted into position with a crane. The shed could be constructed 15 directly onto the ground without a slab first being poured.
Due to the light weight of each sub-frame the steps depicted in FIG 11 to erect a modular building sub-frame can be pe,ro",~ed by two people although the task is somewhat easier with three or more people.
The invention is not limited to the simple structures of FIG 5 20 and FIG 11. A residential building such as that shown in the exploded view of FIG 12 is possible. FIG 12 clearly shows a variety of dirrere, IL wall sub-frames such as 36 and 37. Ceiling sub-frames 38 are also shown arranged to form a ceiling. There is no requirement for ceiling battens.
Roof sub-frames 39 are shown arranged to form the roof of the house.
25 There is no require"~enl for roof trusses or roof battening.
The inventors have found that the roof structure is not required for the structural integrity of the building framework. Ceiling sub-frames have sufficient structural capacily that a structure formed by the wall sub-r,dr"es and ceiling sub-frames meets relevant building 30 standards. This provides flexibility in construction and facilitates multiple storey structures. Furthen~ore the roof can be almost any shape without i" ,pacti"y on the strength or wind resistance of the rest of the structure.
CA 02220l32 l997-ll-04 It will be appreciated that any desired form of cladding 40 can be used to cover the modular building framework and complete the house. A cGr"",o" roof cladding would be Custom Orb 0.42 BMT. A
co"""o" wall cladding would be timber, fibrous sheet or brick veneer.
It will be appreci~te~ that the structure depicted in FIG 12 can be easily disassembled and extended or relocated. The ceiling framework has sufficient load bearing capacity to form the floor for another storey. To form the extra storey it is only necess~ry to unbolt and remove the eaves plates. Extension plates are bolted into place, the roof is raised or removed and additional wall sub-frames are bolted in place.
The eaves plates are then bolted in place to connect the roof sub-frames to the new wall sub-frames.
Similarly, the structure can be extended laterally. A wall or section of wall is removed and additional wall sub-frames are assembled to enlarge the structure. Ceiling sub-frames and roof sub-frames are assembled as described above.
The invention has particular advantage to form structures of unconve"lional shape. The oc~go"al shed 41 of FIG 13 would normally be constructed with a central pillar. With the modular building framework described herein the shed can be constructed without a central pillar. A
custom ridge plate 42, as shown in FIG 13, connects eight roof sub-frames 43. The roof sub-r,dr.,es 43 are connected to the wall sub-frames in the same way as described above.
FIG 15 tabulates a variety of shed structures that can be constructed with the three basic sub-frames described earlier. The table shows the material combinations required to achieve required strengths (in kNm) and example shed sizes. Column 44 applies to C15019P/2 (two adjoining perimeter members) sub-frames and 5 mm Bisalloy 360 inLer~",lecting plates. Column 45 applies to C15019P sub-frames and 5 mm Bisalloy 360 i,llerco"uecting plates. Column,46 applies to C15015 sub-f,d",es and 5 mm Bisalloy 360 interconnecting plates. Column 47 applies to C15015 sub-frames and 5 mm mild steel i"ler~;on"ecting plates.
For example, a shed 6 m wide by 3 m high constructed to W55C wind rating requires C15015 sub-frames and 5 mm Bisalloy 360 interconnecting plate (column 46) or better. Similar tabulations can be 5 prepared for other structures, such as domestic housing. In general, C10015 sub-frames are used for the walls, C10015 or C15015 sub-frames are used for the ceilings and C15015 or C15019P sub-frames are used for the roof.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art of building 10 construction that the modular building framework described herein offers a number of advantages. The rigid open framework structure enables a wide range of cladding ~ lerials to be used, which was not possible previously. The cladding can be erected onto the framework by conventional means.
1 5 Bec~ ~se a :jL~I Ida~l range of sub-frames are pre-manufactured there are significant advantages for improved measurement tolerances and increased quality assurance.
Structures with wind classification from the lowest rating of W28N (N1 ) through to the highest rating of W70C (C4) can be 20 constructed using the same modular system.
Because of the ~ lilllal number of components and the light weight sub-frames, the layperson or professiol lal builder can easily erect a building in ~irlilllal time. In practice it has been found that the modular system acco, ding to the present invention enables the frame erection time 25 to be reduced by at least 50%. This minimises the impact of weather problems and reduces the time to lock-up and overall project completion.
Further, the height of the building can be increased at a later date by simply unbolting and removing the roof panels and eaves plates, affixing extra wall panels and inler~nnecting plates at the top of ~ 30 the existing wall panels, and replacing the eaves plates and roof panels.
The system is also applicable to the design and constructing of buildings having a variety of shapes, for instance hexagonal and o~ go"al and in these instances the roof framework panels will generally have a triangular or other configuration.
Throughout the specification the aim has been to describe the prefe,.ed embodiments of the invention without limiting the invention 5 to any one er"bodi",enL or specific collection of features.
Claims (23)
1. A modular building framework comprising structural sub-frames and interconnecting plates;
said structural sub-frames being of an open construction having a pre-determined configuration and being removably connected to form the building framework including walls and roof;
wherein wall sub-frames are removably connected to form wall structures, roof sub-frames are removably connected to the wall sub-frames by first interconnecting plates and adjacent roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge are removably connected by second interconnecting plates to form a roof structure;
the connection of sub-frames to sub-frames and sub-frames to interconnecting plates being by removable fixing means;
said modular building framework being constructible in multiple configurations; and wherein structural integrity of the building framework is provided by the interconnecting sub-frames without the need for cladding or bracing.
said structural sub-frames being of an open construction having a pre-determined configuration and being removably connected to form the building framework including walls and roof;
wherein wall sub-frames are removably connected to form wall structures, roof sub-frames are removably connected to the wall sub-frames by first interconnecting plates and adjacent roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge are removably connected by second interconnecting plates to form a roof structure;
the connection of sub-frames to sub-frames and sub-frames to interconnecting plates being by removable fixing means;
said modular building framework being constructible in multiple configurations; and wherein structural integrity of the building framework is provided by the interconnecting sub-frames without the need for cladding or bracing.
2. The modular building framework of claim 1 wherein the structural sub-frames comprise perimeter members and internal members.
3. The modular building framework of claim 2 wherein the perimeter members provide structural integrity and the internal members provide cladding support.
4. The modular building framework of claim 1 wherein the roof structure is provided by interconnected sub-frames without trusses or bracing.
5. The modular building framework of claim 1 further comprising a ceiling structure formed from interconnected sub-frames.
6. The modular building framework of claim 5 wherein structural integrity of the building framework is provided by the interconnected sub-frames forming the wall structures and ceiling structure.
7. The modular building framework of claim 1 wherein the structural sub-frames are assembled from materials having high tensile strength selected from the list including metal sections, carbon fibre beams, synthetic timber and plastic.
8. The modular building framework of claim 1 wherein the predetermined configuration of the structural sub-frames comprise a number of standard sizes and configurations.
9. The modular building framework of claim 8 wherein the sub-frames and interconnecting plates are pre-manufactured.
10. The modular building framework of claim 1 wherein the connection of wall sub-frames to roof sub-frames by first interconnecting plates permits the formation of eaves.
11. The modular building framework of claim 1 further comprising third interconnecting plates for removably connecting one or more structural sub-frames having a pre-determined configuration to form combination sub-frames .
12. The modular building framework of claim 1 further comprising a third interconnecting plate for removably connecting standard sub-frames to form combination sub-frames.
13. The modular building framework of claim 1 wherein structural sub-frames are interconnected to form internal wall structures, ceiling structures and floor structures without additional structural components.
14. The modular building framework of claim 1 further comprising a foundation upon which the sub-frames are erected.
15. The modular building framework of claim 14 wherein the foundation is a concrete foundation having cast-in bolts.
16. The modular building framework of claim 15 wherein the concrete foundation is edge thickened or pier fitted.
17. A method of constructing a modular building having structural sub-frames and interconnecting plates including the steps of:
pre-manufacturing a plurality of structural sub-frames including wall sub-frames and roof sub-frames, said sub-frames being of an open construction and having a pre-determined configuration;
removably connecting adjacent wall sub-frames with removable fixing means to form wall structures;
removably connecting roof sub-frames to said wall sub-frames with first interconnecting plates and removable fixing means;
removably connecting adjacent roof sub-frames with removable fixing means and adjacent roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge with second interconnecting plates and removable fixing means to form a roof structure, said roof structure not requiring truss members for structural integrity; and removably attaching cladding to the roof structure and wall structures to form the modular building.
pre-manufacturing a plurality of structural sub-frames including wall sub-frames and roof sub-frames, said sub-frames being of an open construction and having a pre-determined configuration;
removably connecting adjacent wall sub-frames with removable fixing means to form wall structures;
removably connecting roof sub-frames to said wall sub-frames with first interconnecting plates and removable fixing means;
removably connecting adjacent roof sub-frames with removable fixing means and adjacent roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge with second interconnecting plates and removable fixing means to form a roof structure, said roof structure not requiring truss members for structural integrity; and removably attaching cladding to the roof structure and wall structures to form the modular building.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the step of removably connecting adjacent roof sub-frames to form a roof structure includes the step of removably connecting roof sub-frames meeting at a ridge with second interconnecting plates.
19. The method of claim 17 further including the steps of removably connecting further wall sub-frames to the wall structures to form internal wall structures.
20. The method of claim 17 further including the steps of pre-manufacturing floor sub-frames and removably connecting the floor sub-frames to form an internal floor structure.
21. The method of claim 17 further including the steps of pre-manufacturing ceiling sub-frames and removably connecting the ceiling sub-frames to form a ceiling structure, said ceiling sub-frames being removably connected to wall sub-frames.
22. The method of claim 17 further including the step of removably connecting sub-frames to sub-frames with third interconnecting plates to form larger structures.
23. A method of changing the configuration of a modular building having structural sub-frames and interconnecting plates including the steps of:
detaching cladding from a modular building framework of the modular building;
disconnecting one or more sub-frames from adjacent sub-frames and one or more interconnecting plates by removing removable fixing means;
connecting additional sub-frames to existing sub-frames and one or more interconnecting plates to extend or modify the modular building framework;
re-connecting disconnected sub-frames and interconnecting plates with removable fixing means; and attaching cladding to complete the reconfigured modular building.
detaching cladding from a modular building framework of the modular building;
disconnecting one or more sub-frames from adjacent sub-frames and one or more interconnecting plates by removing removable fixing means;
connecting additional sub-frames to existing sub-frames and one or more interconnecting plates to extend or modify the modular building framework;
re-connecting disconnected sub-frames and interconnecting plates with removable fixing means; and attaching cladding to complete the reconfigured modular building.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPN2783A AUPN278395A0 (en) | 1995-05-04 | 1995-05-04 | Modular framework construction |
| AUPN2783 | 1995-05-04 | ||
| AUPN3776 | 1995-06-26 | ||
| AUPN3776A AUPN377695A0 (en) | 1995-06-26 | 1995-06-26 | Modular framework construction |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2220132A1 true CA2220132A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
Family
ID=25644948
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2220132 Abandoned CA2220132A1 (en) | 1995-05-04 | 1996-05-01 | Modular building framework |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0852641A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11504405A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1077944C (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9608116A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2220132A1 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA000156B1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9708507A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ306347A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996035022A1 (en) |
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| KR101130582B1 (en) * | 2011-06-07 | 2012-03-30 | 이대영 | Framework connecting apparatus of prefabicated building |
| WO2013067660A1 (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-16 | Hu Gang | Building-block floor tiles |
| KR101195308B1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-26 | 송용도 | Assembly type wall frame and zenith frame for house construction using said wall frame |
| CN103031925B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2017-02-08 | 清华大学建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Light steel truss formed by stretching and combining strip steel |
| CN106712878A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-05-24 | 深圳市艾立克电子有限公司 | Cradle head voice broadcasting system and voice broadcasting method thereof |
| CN106592774B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-12-18 | 中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司 | A kind of connecting structure and its construction method of carpentery workshop sets of brackets on top of the columns and armored concrete |
| CA3107029A1 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-07-26 | Emerge Modular Ltd | Precast steel concrete module |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE808784C (en) * | 1948-10-02 | 1951-07-19 | Friedrich Fecher Dipl Ing | Manufacture of steel frame buildings, in particular ceilings and roofs made of profiled material |
| US3534515A (en) * | 1968-02-19 | 1970-10-20 | Carl F Beed | Prefabricated building unit and structures made therefrom |
| US4272930A (en) * | 1975-11-04 | 1981-06-16 | Roy H. Smith, Jr. | Modular housing system |
| DE2604320C3 (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1979-11-29 | Kathmann, Horst, 2848 Vechta | Set of components for a hall structure, in particular an agricultural stable structure |
| GB2062044A (en) * | 1979-08-03 | 1981-05-20 | Hygena Ltd | Garden sheds |
| US4858398A (en) | 1981-11-23 | 1989-08-22 | Universal Simplex Building System | Prefabricated building construction |
| FR2619141A1 (en) * | 1987-08-04 | 1989-02-10 | Hunt Patrick | Device for constructing a timber structure which may be used as a dwelling, using floor, wall and roof grids and connecting systems |
| FR2638189A1 (en) * | 1988-10-26 | 1990-04-27 | Legrand Robert | Modular devices for construction in wood |
| US5072554A (en) | 1990-04-27 | 1991-12-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Prefabricated modular storage building |
| AU677071B2 (en) | 1993-06-03 | 1997-04-10 | Jan Willem De Blanken | Roof and ceiling framing system |
| EP0710310B1 (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 2002-03-13 | Leftminster Pty. Ltd. | Prefabricated building systems |
| WO1995013435A1 (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-05-18 | Panorama Contract Services (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. | Modular building assembly |
-
1996
- 1996-05-01 NZ NZ306347A patent/NZ306347A/en unknown
- 1996-05-01 MX MX9708507A patent/MX9708507A/en unknown
- 1996-05-01 BR BR9608116-3A patent/BR9608116A/en unknown
- 1996-05-01 WO PCT/AU1996/000251 patent/WO1996035022A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-05-01 CN CN 96193707 patent/CN1077944C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-01 EP EP96911837A patent/EP0852641A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-01 EA EA199700358A patent/EA000156B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-01 CA CA 2220132 patent/CA2220132A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-05-01 JP JP8532853A patent/JPH11504405A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0852641A4 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| MX9708507A (en) | 1998-02-28 |
| WO1996035022A1 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
| EA199700358A1 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
| NZ306347A (en) | 1998-06-26 |
| EP0852641A1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
| CN1077944C (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| CN1183822A (en) | 1998-06-03 |
| JPH11504405A (en) | 1999-04-20 |
| BR9608116A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
| EA000156B1 (en) | 1998-10-29 |
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