CA2211963A1 - Television audience data collection system - Google Patents

Abstract

Remote data entry devices are provided, utilizing a keypad with stylized personal symbols to signal the presence of television users with associated demographic data, such as age and gender, to a data collection box installed near a television set in a household participating in an audience measurement survey. Each data collection box is provided with a front message display for communication with users and has stylized personal symbols matching the symbols on the remote data entry devices for illumination or accentuation to confirm user presence. Data representing user presence and associated demographics are downloaded from data collection boxes to a home communications unit installed in the household to periodically transmit the data to a central location for compilation and evaluation.

Description

' CA 02211963 1997-07-29 Television Audienc- Data Coll-ction System FIELD AND ~ ..~ OF THE lNv~..~ON
This invention relates generally to a television program data collection method and system, and more particularly to a non-invasive, non-intrusive and user-friendly method and apparatus for the collection of televislon audience information.
For many years, researchers have collected television audience information to develop television ratings useful to advertisers and broadcasters in evaluating the size and demographics of audiences for particular programming. To obtain such information, the researcher identifies a sample of households and/or people selected to represent a defined population. The defined population can be any population under review; for exampla: local television audiences, national television audiences, persons of a particular origin or other groups. The researcher uses the information collected from this sample to produce television audience estimates for the defined population.
Television audience information includes the television status (on or off), program information and the identity of persons using television for given time periods. This information is essential when determining the demographics and the numbers of television users.

One of the earliest methods of recording television audience information was to have a selected group of people keep television usage diaries. Participants wrote down which channels they watched and the times that they watched them. A problem with this approach was that it relled upon participants providing detailed and accurate information, and required individual dedication to conscientiously enter the programming information.
A subsequent system directed to a form of television audience measurement is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,107,735, which issued August 15, 1978. This patent discloses a method and system for determining the reaction of television users to particular video programs. This is accomplished through the use of an interrogator associated with a remote control. The interrogator periodically polls the remote control to determine whether the channel is being watched and, in one embodiment, monitors viewers' reactions to the program (e.~., favorable or unfavorable) based upon their depression of particular buttons on the remote. The system records the user's response locally and transmits the response to a central computer. The system has no capability for entering demographic data of the household user or visitor.

One system utilized to provide demographic information is a "people meter" utilized by the A.C. Nielsen Company. The Nielsen system consist~ of a ~et-top box having parallel rows of green and red lights. Each household member, for whom selected de..-oyra~hics are known, is assigned a pair of green and red lights. The box indicates a user's presence by illuminating either the associated green (active) or red (non-active) light. In operation, the red light acts as a prompt until the associated user responds by input of an appropriate identification number on a keypad. The system does not otherwise prompt the user, ask questions or provide any instruction. From a distance, it may also be difficult for the user to discern which lights are on. As a result, the user may register an incorrect identification number or not register at all.
Another difficulty with the Nielsen system is that a meter must be invasively attached to the television receiver, as well as any cable converter and VCR attached to the television set. Thus, installation is cumbersome and may cause concern over possible signal interference and/or damage to the receiver, making the system less palatable to the participating household user than a non-invasive system.

The resulting reluctance to participate may skew audience demographics.
Using the Nielsen system, it is also difficult to register the presence of users who are non-household members. Non-household members must re-enter their demographic data each time they commence using a television set. The Nielsen system does not store visitor demographic information.
In another audience measurement system, described in Canadian Patent 1,241,736 which issued September 6, 1988, visual prompting of the viewer is provided, through a periodic overlay over normal programming on the television screen. The purpose of the prompt is to ensure participation through a visual reminder, rather than rely on a single light system such as found in the Nielsen system.
However, this overlay can irritate the user. In addition, because the identification number and the channel number are entered via the same keypad in this system, the system enters a "channel-lock" mode before the user responds to the prompt. The channel-lock mode prevents the user from changing channels. This can also be irritating, and can alter the participant's television usage. Other prior art systems similarly display a "confirmation" message on the television screen over normal programming. Again, television viewing is obscured and the user may be annoyed and reluctant to participate.
A recent audience measurement system, described in U.S. Patent No. 5,382,970, issued January 17, 1995, uses individual meter boxes for each participant in the household. This installation occupies a large area. Also, participants must move personal data entry equipment to whichever television they are using within the household.
This inconveniences the participants and lowers the participation rate. Another problem with the disclosed system is that it uses only cellular communications for data communications with a central location. The cost of implementation is high and households in areas where cellular phone service is not available are eliminated from the sample, further reducing the response rate. Moreover, no provision is made for monitoring of non-household members for whom data entry equipment has not been assigned.
A further problem associated with current systems utilized for audience participation measurement is that they require wiring for data communications between system components. Routing this wiring may require drilling holes in the home and may be unsightly. Other systems use only existing power lines for data communications within the household. A limitation of these systems is that households without suitable power lines for data communication are eliminated from the sample, lowering the response rate.
Finally, some of the foregoing systems and other prior art systems are not accurate because the system does not recognize when the television is turned off. As a result, the corresponding television audience measurement may overstate the actual size of the audience.
The present invention avoids the above problems and increases the accuracy of the data collected. In contradistinction to the foregoing and other known prior art systems, the disclosed invention is non-hardwired and otherwise non-invasive, easy to install and use, does not affect television usage through unnecessary screen usage, facilitates user registration and input, allows for both household and non-household member participation, and maximizes the response rate and overall participation.

SU~RY OF TEIE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, a data collection box is installed near each television set in a household participating in the audience measurement survey.
No wiring to the internal circuitry of the television is necessary, as a remote sensor may be utilized to detect television using status. A remote data entry device is provided for each data collection box for periodic entry of user data. A single home communications unit is installed in each household to collect data from the data collection boxes and to periodically transmit such data to a central location for compilation and evaluation.
Prior to installation, demographic information for each household user is stored on the host computer.
Provision is made whereby visitor information is easily input at any time through use of the remote data entry device. In operation, a sensor detects when a television set is turned on or off and conveys that information to the data collection box. If the television set is on, the data collection box prompts audience members for user information, which is input with the remote data entry device. Television audience information is transmitted to the home communications unit from the data collection boxes throughout the household, and then transmitted over telephone lines to remote locations or over other data channels to external computers for compilation and evaluation.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-invasive and easy to use method and apparatus for the collection of data for the purpose of obtaining television audience information.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a non-invasive method and apparatus for obtaining television audience information consisting of a hand-held remote data entry device, a data collection box, a television on-off detection sensor, and a home communica'ions unit.
It is still a further object of the present invention to utilize stylized symbols on the remote data entry device and the data collection box of the television audience measurement system, which stylized symbols are selected to facilitate particlpation of audience members through ease of identification and use and to create a sense of "ownership" and involvement with the audience reporting process.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide a remote data entry device for input of demographic information for visitors and/or household members, which data entry device is also used to record television usage information for such household members and visitors, and which data entry device may also be used to initiate system tests during installation.
It is still a further object of the invention to provide the data collection box having a message display to provide visual prompting to ensure participation by household members and visitors without use of any portion of the television screen, and which message display may also be used to display results of system tests during the installation.
It is still a further object of the present invention that the IR codes used by the remote data entry device for communications with the data collection box be configurable tc prevent interoperability problems with existing household equipment.
It is still a further object of the present invention to provide an installation method which utilizes a laptop computer with installation software and does not require use of additional equipment.
Other objects and advantageous features of the invention will be apparent in the description of specific embodiments thereof, given by way of example only, to enable one skilled in the art to readily practice the invention which is described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like numerals are intended to refer to like elements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a system block diagram for the television audience data collection system according to the present invention.
Figure 2 depicts front and rear views of an embodiment of the data collection box of the present nventlon .
Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are block and schematic diagrams depicting conventions and elements for the data collection box.
Figure 4 is an assembly view of the sensor and associated attachment assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 depicts the front and side views of an embodiment of the persons entry device according to the present invention.
Figure 6 depicts an embodiment of the symbols imprinted on the persons entry device and displayed on the data collection box.
Figure 7A is a state diagram showing the states of human interface control according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7B is a state diagram showing the relationships between event states and event logging according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7C is a state diagram showing the relationships between the states associated with TV events and logging in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 8 is a state diagram showing the relationships between the states associated with symbol display control and event logging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 9 is a flow chart showing the steps of the Television On prompting sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is a flow chart showing the steps of the periodic reminder prompting sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 11 is a flow chart showing the steps of the visitor entry sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 12 is a flow chart of the response sequence according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is a hardware block diagram for an embodiment of the home communications unit of the present invention.

Figures 14-26 are screens associated with the Test Set Program governing the installation procedures according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 14 is a view of the Test Set Program Main Menu Dialog Box.
Figure 15 is a view of the Test Set Program Household Dialog Box.
Figure 16 is a view of the Test Set Program TV Set Locations Dialog Box.
Figure 17 is a view of the Test Set Program Data Collection Box Vnique Parameters Dialog Box.
Figure 18 is a view of the Test Set Program People Dialog Box.
Figure 19 is a view of the Test Set Program Install HCU Dialog Box.
Figure 20 is a view of the Test Set Program Home Communications Unit (2) Main Dialog Box.
Figure 21 is a view of the Test Set Program Home to Host Communications Dialog Box.
Figure 22 is a view of the Test Set Program Install Data Collection Box (1) Dialog Box.
Figure 23 is a view of the Test Set Program Proof of Performance Dialog Box.

~ Figure 24 is a view of the Test Set Program Data Records Dialog Box.
Figure 25 is a view of the Test Set Program Load Home Communications Unit (2) Software Dialog Box and of the Test Set Program Load Data Collection Box (1) Software Dialog Box.
Figure 26 is a view of the Test Set Program Data Collection Box (1) Shared Parameters Dialog Box.

D~C~TPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT
Measurement System Component~

Figure 1 depicts, in block diagram form, an embodiment of the television audience data collection system according to the present invention. The television audience data collection system includes a data collection box (1), persons entry device (4) and sensor (7) for each televislon set (8) to be monitored in a household, and home communications unit (2) for the household. The data collection box (1) and the home communications unit (2) each have an associated power supply (6) which provides power to the equipment and couples them to the power line.
Each data collec.ion box (1) of the system is utilized to prompt participants to enter their status as "active" television users by pressing their symbol key (42) or confirmation key (43) on a persons entry device (4).
Each data collection box (1) of the system is also utilized to prompt visitors to enter their demographic data by pressing associated keys (44) on the persons entry device (4), and their status as "active" television users by pressing their symbol keys (42) or confirmation key (43) on a persons entry device (4). Such communication of information between data collection box (1) and persons entry device (4) may be through infra-red or other suitable transmission means. Data collection box (1) is active for such communications only during television "on" conditions, as determined by sensor (7).
Each data collection box (1) downloads the information contained therein via power lines (5), twisted pair wiring, or through known wireless transmission means into home communications unit (2) in the household. As shown in Figure 1, home communications unit (2) periodically downloads the information to a central computer via a telephone line, or other suitable means, whereby information pertinent to audience measurement may be compiled and analyzed.
1. Data Collection Box Data collection box (1) provides visual and/or audio prompting to ensure participation of users, and query users as to~whether they have registered with the system at any given moment. As detailed below, circuitry of data collection box (1) is self-contained and does not require connection to internal circuitry of television set (8).
Accordingly, data collection box (1) may be easily installed in any location within easy viewing of the participant on or near television set (8).
Figure 2 depicts the front and rear views of data collection box (1) in accordance with one aspect of the invention. Front display panel (70) of data collection box (1) comprises LEDs, LCDs or other suitable display means to provide a message display (72). Display (72) is utilized to prompt TV users as to what actions are to be taken for registration, and, as detailed herein, may be utilized during installation to advise the installer regarding the operating status of the system, as well as to confirm appropriate entry of demographic data for household members.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, message display (72) has sixteen vacuum fluorescent characters (72A). As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, the message display circuit (32) receives data fl-om the microprocessor (25) and enables the display (72)(see Figure

2). The display characters may be alpha-numeric or punctuation characters. Alternatively, message display (72) could be a separate device connected to the network via Network port (41,75) of data collection box (1). This would enable data collection box (1) to be hidden, while the display could remain visible to the user. It is contemplated that message display (72) shows messages in any selected language.
In addition to the message display, the data collection box (1) includes stylized personal symbols (73) to be assigned to various users of the system. Personal symbols (73) are selected by the TV users through depression of a key (42) on a remote persons entry device (4) bearing the corresponding symbol. Upon depression of the key ~42) (See Figure 5), the corresponding symbol (73A) remains lit to indicate that the individual is using the television, and will remain lit to indicate this status until the user redepresses the key or the television set is turned off, whereupon data is no longer collected to indicate television usage. Personal symbols (42) are selected to facilitate a user's identification with that symbol. Any symbols may be implemented as personal symbols ~73A) and imprinted on data collection box (1) and, correspondingly, as personal symbols (42) on persons entry device (4).
A preferred embodiment of the stylized symbols is provided in Figure 6, which contains the following 12 stylized symbols: numeral one, baseball, heart, horseshoe, smile face, house, car, apple, saw, flower, sailboat, and telephone. However, data collection box (1) and persons entry device (4) can be designed with any other suitable stylized personal symbols.
In one embodiment of the present invention, stylized personal symbols (73A) provided on data collection box (1) are associated with intermittent illuminating means whereby symbols (73A) may be flashed to correspond to symbols (73A) not in use. Intermittent flashing means may thus be used to aid in the selection of a symbol (73A) by any visitor or non-registered household member.
As depicted in Figure 2, the front panel of data collection box (1) also includes an infra-red ("IR") detector (69) and ambient light sensor (78). IR detector (69) receives IR codes transmitted by the persons entry device (4). As would be apparent to those of skill in the art, other systems of matched detectors and receivers may be used employing other forms of transmission. In one embodiment, a hardwired system may also be used to communicate the user's input of data to data collection box (1), though this would be more cumbersome.
Ambient light sensor (78) of data collection box (1) detects the amount of light in the room and transmits this information to microprocessor (25) (shown in Figure 3) of data collection box (1) so that the brightness of message display (72) and symbol display (73) may be adjusted to the appropriate intensity based upon ambient light conditions.
For this purpose, message display (72) and symbol display (73) may have multiple associated brightness settings.
In one embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 3A, a photodiode or other suitable light sensing means in ambient light detection circuitry (15) senses the amount of light in the room and outputs a corresponding measurement signal. Multiplexor ~16) routes the photodiode output measurement signal to A/D converter (17). A/D converter (17) sends a digital representation of the ambient light measurement signal to microprocessor (25), which selects a suitable display brightness setting. The microprocessor sends the brightness setting information to the message display (72) and the symbol display (73). The displays adjust brightness accordingly. In addition, as discussed herein, in one embodiment of the present invention there is a brightness offset parameter which is programmed using Test Set software during installation. The brightness offset parameter may be used to limit the microprocessor (25) selection of display brightness settings to those which would be appropriate for the specific location and expected ambient or direct light conditions affecting the data collection box (1).
Data collection box (1) further includes ambient sound detection circuitry (20). With reference to Figures 3A and 3B, ambient sound detection circuitry (20) includes microphone (18) which detects sound in the room and outputs a corresponding signal to a band pass filter (19) and rectifier circuit (14). Band pass filter (19) sends its output to Multiplexor (16) which routes the signal to A/D

converter (17) for digital conversion of the signal and routing to microprocessor (25). After microprocessor (25) determines the volume of ambient sound level in the room, it determines the appropriate volume of the audio prompt so that the prompt may be heard over the ambient sound. It sends a volume signal to potentiometer (35A) contained within volume and frequency control circuit (35), whereby the audio prompt volume is adjusted through appropriate resistance of the potentiometer ~35A). The volume and frequency control circuit (35) thereafter sends an output signal to the spea~er (36) which emits the audio prompt.
As depicted in Figure 3B, data collection box (1) contains control software with executable code which may reside in EPROM !30). EPROM (30) may, in an alternative implementation, contain boot code and communicate over CEBus port (37) or RS 232 port (40) to download the executable code from the host computer via the home communications unit (2) or from an external computer into SRAM (31). Control would then be transferred from EPROM (30) to SRAM (31). The executable code may utilize configuration parameters to facilitate changes to variables within the system or, alternatively, could operate with fixed values for these parameters and not utilize configuration parameters.

When a parameter changes, microprocessor (25) generates a data record. Data collection box (1) notifies home communications unit (2) when a parameter has changed and, when such changed parameter is a shared parameter, home communications unit (2) updates that parameter for all data collection boxes (1) in the household.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the executable code resides in EPROM (30). SRAM
(31) provides microprocessor (25) support, stores all read/write parameters and contains a buffer for data record storage. Microprocessor (25) generates data records and transmits all unsent data records to home communications unit (2) via CEBus port (37) or via RS-485 PORT (41), until all data records have been transmitted to and acknowledged by home communications unit (2).
As shown in Figure 2, rear panel (71) of each data collection box (1) also includes external power supply port (37), Test Set port (40), TV detect port (74), one or more network ports (41) and (75) and antenna port (68). Test Set port (40) is an RS-232 serial port which contains drivers which enable microprocessor (25) (see Figure 3) of data collection box (1) to send and receive data to and from an external computer.

2. P-rsons Entry Device Persons entry device (4) comprises a hand-held or stationary remote control type of device utilized by the viewer as a means to indicate television usage status and to enter demographic data into data collection box (1). While various types of remote entry devices (4) may be used, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention an infra-red ("IR") remote is utilized to communicate with data collection box (1).
One embodiment of persons entry device (4) in accordance with the present invention is depicted in Figure 5. As shown, persons entry device (9) is a hand-held remote data entry device. In one embodimer.t, persons entry device (9) may have a plastic housing (45' with an elastomeric keypad. In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, the keypad has three types of keys: symbol keys (42), a confirm key (43), and demographic keys (44). When the user presses a button on persons entry device (4), a code associated with the pressed key in the form of infrared radiation is transmitted to data collection box (1).
Symbols (42) on persons entry device ~4) as shown in Figure 5 correspond in number and appearance with stylized personal symbols (46) displayed on data collection box (1) as shown in Figure 6. A symbol is assigned to each television user in the household, whether a household member or visitor. Symbols for household members may be selected through programming during installation. At that time, the persons entry device (4) or an external computer keyboard may be used to download configuration parameters associated with the symbols. The configuration parameters indicate whether a symbol is assigned and to which household member it is assigned. The associated household member's or visitor's demographic information is associated with the configuration parameters, or may be otherwise stored in a local or remote host computer with some reference to establish association with the configuration parameters.
With reference to Figure 3A, IR circuitry (21) associated with persons entry device (4) and data collection box (1) includes IR receiver (22) which detects the infrared radiation input from operation of an associated persons entry device (4) and sends the infrared input to IR
processor circuit (23). IR processor circuit (23) converts this signal to digital data. The data indicates which persons entry device key (42-44) was pressed (see Figure 5) and is used to identify the demographics of the individual during television usage. IR processor circuit (23) may be configured to route the data within the system either on a real time basis or periodically.

The IR remote persons entry device (7) may be configured to use different, installer or user selected IR
codes to ensure minimal interoperability interference with existing devices that utilize IR based remote controls, such as televisions or VCRs.
IR code format utilized for transmission between persons entry device (4) and data collection box (1) may be changed during installation or upon detection of interference by changing the associated parameter value using Test Set software discussed herein and by physical means such as by including a dip switch panel on the persons entry device (4) .

3. Sensor Sensor (7) is placed on or near each television set (8) utilized in the audience measurement system in the household and is also plugged into the associated data collection box (1). Sensor (7) is utilized to determine television's (8) status as being either "on" or "off" so that audience data is collected only during television usage periods.
With reference to Figure 2, rear panel (71) of data collection box (1) includes television detect connector (74) to which sensor (7) (See Figure 1.) is connected, whereby television "on/off" status may be monitored electronically by data collection box (1). Detection of television on/off status is essential not only to ensure that data collection occurs only during television usage, but, further, to enable sequences of audio and video prompts to users to ensure accurate indication of television usage.
In a preferred embodiment, sensor (7) is an external sensor utilized to determine television (8) "on"
status without connections to the internal circuits of television set (8). While various sensors may be utilized for this purpose, as recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art, in one embodiment of the invention an electromagnetic pick-up device may be used.
Figure 4 is an assembly view of an embodiment of sensor (7~ and the associated attachment spot assembly (80) according to the present invention. In the embodiment, sensor (7) includes electronic sensing device (83A) containing an internal inductor coil (83B) which picks up the electromagnetic radiation from television's horizontal deflection circuitry. Sensor (7) transfers the horizontal signal to data collection box (1) for determination of television "on/off" status. (See Figure 3A.) Because such detection requires no hard wiring to the television's internal circuitry, sensor ~7) may be attached non-invasively to the television (8), such as by a combination of tape adhesives (82) and hook material (81) and loop material (83) such as Velcro. (See Figure 4.) A preferred embodiment of the operation of the sensor (7) is next explained with reference to Figures 3A
and 3B. Television on/off detection circuitry depicted generally at (11) is used to check whether sensor (7) has detected a television "on" condition. This determination is performed during the time multiplexor (9) is switched to TV
on/off detection circuitry (11). The multiplexor switches the sensor (7) signal back and forth between the television on/off detection circuit (11) and the sensor connect/disconnect circuit (10). In one embodiment, the sensor (7) which contains an internal inductor (83B) is connected between ground and 5V in the sensor connect/disconnect circuit (10). (Refer to Figure 3C.) Microprocessor (25) measures actual voltage of the sensor signal. When the voltage nears 5V, microprocessor (25) generates a data record indicating that sensor (7) is not connected. When the signal voltage of sensor (7) is less than 0.5V, microprocessor (25) generates a data record indicating that sensor (7) is connected.
Also depicted in Figure 3A is sensitivity circuit (12) forming part of TV on/off detection circuitry (11) which receives a signal from sensor (7) and amplifies the voltage, so that data collection box (1) can detect weak signals. This internal amplifier circuit (Refer to Figure 3D) has two switchable gain resistors, R1 (200) and R2 (201) utilized to adjust the gain of circuit (11) under control of Switch S1 (202).
Sensitivity circuit (12) shown in Figure 3A sends the amplified sensor signal to band pass filter (13). Band pass filter (13) limits the signal frequency range to that of the television's horizontal oscillator. In this manner, the circuit eliminates spurious electronic signals that could cause a TV On condition to be detected erroneously.
The band pass filter (13) sends the output signal to the rectifier circuit (14) which rectifies and conditions the signal. The rectifier circuit (14) then sends the output signal to the multiplexor (16). When multiplexor (16) receives control signals from the microprocessor (25), it sends the sensor signal to A/D converter (17). A/D
converter (17) converts the analog signal to a digital signal and routes the digital signal to microprocessor (25).
The microprocessor (25) compares the value of the digital signal to a programmed threshold parameter value, and if it is equal to or greater than the parameter value, the microprocessor (25) recognizes a TV On condition. Message display (72) may be used to display the value of the digital signal to show the signal strength of the sensor signal for installation and testing purposes.
In an alternative embodiment, a threshold detection circuit may be provided using an internal comparator circuit to compare the amplified sensor signal to a threshold voltage. The threshold detection circuit generates a digital output that indicates whether television (8) is on or off. If the sensor signal is equal to or greater than the threshold voltage, the threshold detection circuit issues a television "on" signal. If the voltage is below the threshold, threshold detection circuit issues a television "off" signal. The threshold detection circuit sends the detected television "on" or "off" signal to microprocessor (25). When microprocessor (25) receives a transmission of the television "on"/"off" signal, it creates a data record in SRAM (31).
Upon detection of the television "on" signal from sensor (7), the audience participation measurement system is activated, and sequencing of audio and video prompts to ensure participation of TV users commences, as detailed herein.

4. Home Communications Unit A home communications unit (2) may be provided at any suitable location in the home. Home communications unit (2) is utilized not only for collection of data from each data collection box (1), but also for transmission of such data to a remote site for compilation and evaluation. With reference to Figure 1, communications between the home communications unit t2) and each data collection box (1) occur via one of several types of transmission media:
existing household electrical wire (power line), twisted pair wire, or wireless transmission, means which may include RF communications, or other suitable transmission means.
As shown in Figure 3B, data collection box (1) includes CEBus driver and header connector (37A) of CEBus port (37-) to connect to either a Power Line node board (38) or an RF node board (39) for communications with the home communications unit (2). In the preferred embodiment, node boards (38 and 39) comply with the EIA IS-60 CEBus physical layer signaling standards. In alternative embodiments, the node boards could comply with any other signaling protocol.
For power line (PL) (5) communications, PL node board (38) sends and receives signals to the household AC
line using coupling circuits in external power supply (6).

For RF communications, RF node board (39) sends and receives signals through the RF antenna (23). (See Figure 1.) Network port (41) contains drivers which enable microprocessor (25) to send and receive data to an external device via the Network connection (41, 75). Data collection box (1) may use this port to communicate with home communications unit (2) or with a television program code decoder. In addition, this port may be used for communications with any other intelligent peripherals.
Communication between home communications unit (2) and a remote device is next explained with reference to Figure 13 which depicts a preferred implementation of the block diagram of home communications unit (2).
Microprocessor (83), depicted in Figure 13, controls the operation of home communications unit (2). EEPROM (84) stores the read/write parameters necessary to transmit data to the host computer via telephone lines. EPROM (85) permanently stores the executable code. Alternatively, EPROM (85) could contain the minimal amount of boot code necessary to allow home communications unit (2) to communicate over serial COM port (88) and download executable code into SRAM (86). A section of SRAM (86) may be implemented as a circular buffer which utilizes a newest-record pointer and a last-record-sent pointer. SRAM
(86) stores parameters, data records, and, optionally, executable codè downloaded from the host computer.
As depicted in Figure 13, the PC ISA (Personal Computer Industry Standard Architecture) bus modem (87) and interface ~87A) enable communication between home communications unit (2) and host computer via telephone lines. The modem (87) dials the host computer telephone number at a programmed time. If the call does not go through, the modem will re-dial the phone number at programmed time intervals. PC ISA bus modem (87) is compatible with an external cellular telephone transceiver.
Serial port RS-232 drivers (88) enable communications between home communications unit (2) and an external computer. Network port drivers (89) enable communications between home communications unit (2) and any external device (e.g., data collection box (1)). The optional CEBus RF node board (99) enables communications via RF using an external antenna (not shown). The antenna connects to node board (99) via the back panel opening on home communications unit (2). CEBus PL node board (90) enables communications with data collection boxes (1) via household power lines (5).
As depicted in Figure 13, home communications unit (2) may also contain a low power, reset & watch dog circuit (92) which alarms microprocessor (83) when the input power is low and issues a reset to home communications unit (2) circuitry. Battery (93) provides emergency power to SRAM
(86) and real time/date clock (91). This maintains memory and clock timing during an unpowered state. The real time/date clock (91) provides home communications unit (2) with the current time and date.
The EEPROM (84) contains all parameters required to call the host computer in case this data is lost from SRAM (86).
Auto answer switch (102) may place home communications unit (2) into an auto answer mode for several minutes. The auto answer mode allows home communications unit (2) to answer an incoming phone call from the host computer. This allows emergency recovery in case home communications unit (2) configuration parameters are corrupted or parameter changes are required.
The external line share device (not shown) is installed between PC ISA bus modem (87) and the telephone line wall jack, and automatically disconnects the modem from the line whenever a phone in the home goes off-hook. This assures that home communications unit (2) has minimal impact on use of the telephone line by persons in the home.

Installation of the System The invention includes a means for easy installation using only an external computer with associated Test Set software and no other additional devices. The Test Set software automatically checks the installation procedure to ensure complete and accurate installation of the equipment.
The Test Set program is used to install and test the home communications unit (2), and data collection boxes (1) .
In a preferred embodiment, during installation, the Test Set program may be used, for example, to record home communications unit (2) and data collection box (1) serial numbers, software version numbers and location of TV
sets (8); specify and record type of communications and medium used between the data collection box (1) and the home communications unit (2); assign stylized symbols (46) to household members; set parameters for the home communications unit (2) and the data collection box (1);
select persons entry device (4) IR communications format;
select audio prompting volume level for each data collection box (1); enable time and day to be displayed on the message display ~77); specify messages displayed and audio prompts;
specify types of data records (TV state and household member registration only or extended logging, which includes idle states, prompts and transitions records) stored in SRAM
(31); extract operational data records from the home communications unit (2) and the data collection box (1) for review; reset the home communications unit (2) and the data collection box (1); and download software to a home communications unit (2) or a data collection box (1).
The Test Set program may further facilitate installation by automatically testing system functions, including testing and confirmation of accuracy of television on/off determination, searching and confirming user symbol registration data records, and testing communication with the host computer.
As would be obvious to one of skill in the art, persons entry device (4) may be used to facilitate installation through interactive communication with message display (72) of data collection box (1). Through appropriate programming, such communication may then be used, for example, to provide a means to initiate and confirm installation tests, a means to adjust the gain in the sensitivity circuit (12) for a weak signal received by sensor (7), a means to demonstrate and temporarily adjust volume levels for audio prompting (34), and a means to demonstrate and confirm prompt sequences of data collection box (1) during household member/visitor training or regular input. For this purpose, test and prompt sequences are initiated and level adjustments may be made by a prescribed series of key (42, 44A) presses/releases on persons entry device (4).
Among those tests which may be initiated via the persons entry device (4) are comparison of number of times data is transmitted by the data collection box (1) and the number of times same data is received back from the home communications unit (2); observation of change in number of data records stored in SRAM (31) in data collection box (1) during data transfer between the home communications unit (2) and the data collection box (1); operational tests of data collection box (1) SRAM (31), A/D converter (17) and real time clock (not shown); measurement of sensor (7) signal strength by reading the output of the A/D converter (17); message display (72) and symbol display (73) operation; check of type of communications used for communications between the data collection box (1) and the home communications unit (2) and when communications are in progress; comparison of ambient sound detection levels to audio prompting levels; testing sounds generated by audio prompting (34); comparison of ambient light measurement by ambient light detection circuitry (15) with the brightness settings for the message display (72) and symbol display (73); verification that the persons entry device (4) does not affect other remotely controlled equipment and determination of persons entry device (4) IR format.
One embodiment of the installation procedures for the audience participation measurement system according to the present invention is next discussed with reference to menu and interactive screens (Figures 14-26) under appropriate software control. While the following embodiments of the installation and Test Set software routines detail the various purposes of the disclosed Test Set program, various software and other means of installer interaction, whether through different menu and interactive screens, through simple keyboard input and interaction, or otherwise, may be used to accomplish these various purposes and features, as it would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
In operation, the installation may be conducted in two parts to minimize the amount of time spent in the home:
the outside home installation and the inside home installation.
Outside home installation may be commenced by connecting the data collection box (1) to the Test Set RS-232 (40) port to the external computer. The installer starts the Test Set software. In the preferred embodiment, the Test Set software is a Windows~-based application and initially presents the installer with a main menu dialog box (130) as depicted in Figure 14.
In one preferred embodiment, the main menu dialog box (130) offers the installer four installation procedure categories conforming to the various functions performed by the Test Set software: define household (131), install home communications unit (132), install data collection boxes (133), and proof of performance (134). In the disclosed main dialog box (130), a checklist of installation procedures appears below each category heading. To assist proper completion of the installation, the control program may be used to automatically cause a checkmark to appear next to each procedure on the list after the installer completes the procedure.
For the installer's convenience, Test Set dialog boxes may include a menu (135) providing selection of program control based upon selected operational concerns.
As depicted in Figure 14, a menu (including the categories:
File, Installation, Parameters, Communications, and Help) is used to invoke dialog boxes associated with the categories in one embodiment of the present invention.

A control file is a data file which contains information specific to a household that is utilized by a home communications unit (2) or a data collection box (1).
The control file provides the installer with a central storage location for household information. To specify household information in a control file, the installer clicks on the define household button (136) from the main menu dialog box (130). For the purpose of audience participation measurement, pertinent household information would include information describing the location of the household and identifying the household members and number of television sets. Accordingly, in the embodiment of Figure 14 the define household procedure checklist includes:
DMA (designated market area), People, TV sets. As depicted in Figures 14 and 15, expansion of the define household function can include display of such items as household identification number, designated market area, sequence file, and local time through clicking the define household button (136) of Figure 14 to invoke the household dialog box (137) of Figure 15. The installer checks this information and corrects it, as required.
As detailed in Figure 16, to enter information about the television set (8) locations and the data collection boxes (1) into the control file, the installer presses the TV sets button (138) which invokes the TV set location dialog box (140). For each television set, the installer selects a~ television identification number (141).
For each television location, the installer connects the external computer to the data collection box (1) RS-232 Test Set port (40) and presses a parameters button (142) which invokes Unique Parameters dialog box (143) as depicted in Figure 17.
Reset button (144) may be used to clear all previous installation settings from SRAM (31) of data collection box (1) and loads default parameter settings from EPROM (30) into SRAM (31).
Depression of get parameters button (145), may be used to retrieve information from SRAM (31) in data collection box (1). The system can be configured such that the information retrieved includes fixed configuration information such as the data collection box serial number, software version number, CEBus node address.
At this stage, the installer may enter variable configuration information such as television identification number, television location, CEBus media, persons entry device IR format setting, audio volume offset and display brightness offset through a selected interactive menu such as that depicted in Figure 17.

With respect to Figures 15 and 18, recording of household members is next described. In the embodiment, the installer clicks People button (139) to enter the household member names and numbers into the control file. This invokes the people dialog box (146) as depicted in Figure 18. For each household member, the installer then enters names and identification data next to symbols which have been chosen by each member.
To set or make changes to the visual and audio prompts, the installer may enter the appropriate software routine, such as through selection of prompts button (192) of Figure 18, which is used to open the sequence file. The sequence file may be used to specify messages displayed on the message display (72) and audio prompts. The installer makes changes as required either through keyboard entry or through a suitably configured persons entry device (4).
Installation of the home communications unit (2) will next be described with respect to Figures 5, 13, 14, and 19 through 21. Installation according to embodiment shown commences with connection of the communications port on the external computer to the home communications unit (2) RS-232 Test Set port (40).
Activation of install home communications unit button (149) on the main menu dialog box (130) invokes the install home communications unit dialog box (150) of Figure 19. Selection of the parameters button (151) further invokes the home communications unit main dialog box (152) of Figure 20. The installer clears all previous installation information from the SRAM (86) of home communications unit (2) through activation of reset button (153) and loads the default parameter settings from EPROM
(85)-In operation, in one preferred embodiment, theinstaller selects the host communications button (154) which invokes the home-to-host communications dialog box (155). See Figure 21. The installer checks the communications information which the modem of home communications unit (2) utilizes when calling the host computer.
As disclosed in Figure 20, the installer may select the appropriate telephone type through interaction with main dialog box (152), as required.
The installer further checks the home communications unit modem initialization string by first clicking on the host communications button (154) which invokes the home to host communications dialog box (155).
The installer then clicks the modem button (195) which invokes a dialog box displaying the modem initialization string. On the home communications unit main dialog box (152~, the installer may further select the time that the home communications unit (2) will automatically call the host each day.
At any time, the installer may send the installation information to SRAM (86) of home communications unit (2). In one embodiment depicted in Figure 20, the installer selects "put" parameters button (156) and "get"
parameters button (157), respectively, to send and retrieve and verify the installation information, as well as retrieve the home communications unit serial number, software version number and home communications unit time from the home communications unit (2).
To install data collection box(es) (1), the installer selects the appropriate software routine such as pressing the Install Data Collection Boxes Button (257) (Figure 14) which invokes the install data collection box dialog box (158) of Figure 22. The dialog box displays the data collection boxes (1) which were entered earlier in the installation procedure.
The installer transmits household information to all data collection boxes (1) via the home communications unit (2). To verify that all of the information has been transmitted, the installer can retrieve selected portions or all of the information such as through selection of the "get all" button (161) of Figure 22 which retrieves the household information for all data collection boxes (1) from the home communications unit (2).
The installer clicks the people button (159) which invokes the people dialog box (146) (Figure 18). The transmission of household member names and numbers to the home communications unit (2) SRAM (86) may next be accomplished such as by selection of the put parameters button (147). The people dialog box (146) displays the names, identification numbers and symbols associated with the household members. The home communications unit (2) transmits this same information to all data collection boxes (1). The installer verifies that the home communications unit received the information by pressing the get parameters button (148) which retrieves the people information from SRAM (86) of home communications unit (2).
Inside home installation according to the example embodiment begins by the installer connecting a line share device to the phone jack in the household to which the home communications unit (2) will be connected. The line share device interrupts a call between the home communications unit (2) and the host computer if any telephone extension in the home goes off-hook during the call.

The installer connects the power cord of home communications unit (2) to an AC outlet and the telephone line of home communications unit (2) to a phone jack through an external line share device. The external computer still has the Test Set program and control file installed. The installer connects the communications port on the external computer to the home communications unit RS232 Test Set port (40).
The installer opens the Test Set program and opens the control file associated with the household. The main menu (130) displays checkmarks next to the procedures that were already completed during the outside home installation.
In operation, in one preferred embodiment, in-home installation of data collection box (1) begins by plugging in the data collection box (1) and connecting the sensor (7) to the data collection box (1). Then, the installer enters the test mode using a prescribed series of keypresses on persons entry device (4).
To determine the optimum attachment position for the sensor ~7) on the TV, the installer measures the strength of the signal detected by the sensor (7). The data collection box (1) measures the strength of the signal detected by the sensor (7) by reading the output of the A/D
converter (17). In the preferred embodiment, to initiate this measurement, the installer presses a selected key (42) or (44). The message display (72) of data collection box (1) may be used to show a measurement corresponding to the signal. For weak signals, the installer may increase the gain in the sensitivity circuit (12) by pressing an assigned key (42) or (44).
The installer may similarly test data record transfer between the home communications unit (2) and data collection box (1) simultaneously through a selected keypress (42)-(44). For this purpose, the data collection box message display (72) may be used to show the number of data records stored in SRAM (31). ~nder normal operation, the data collection box (1) continuously attempts to transfer data records to the home communications unit (2) until all data records have been sent.
Selection of suitable infra-red frequency for the persons entry device (4) may also be accomplished during installation. In one preferred embodiment, the installer tests the data collection box (1) for interference with other remotely operated devices by pressing a selected key (42). The message display (72) of data collection box (1) may be used to show the IR frequency mode and the code for the key (42)-(44) that was depressed. The installer presses all buttons on all other remote controls to make sure that the data collection box (1) does not mistake their transmission for transmission from persons entry device (4).
If the data collection box (1) mistakes another remote control transmission for a persons entry device (4) transmission, it will show the mistaken code on the message display (72).
In the event that another remote control interferes with operation of data collection box (1), the installer may change the IR frequency mode by changing the associated data collection box (1) parameter setting using Test Set software, as described above, and/or by changing a dip switch setting or other suitable physical switch measure on the persons entry device (4).
The installer can test the message display (72) and the symbol display (73) by entering the test mode using the persons entry device (4) as described above and pressing a selected key (42). In operation, in one preferred embodiment, the message display (72) may be tested to illuminate and extinguish each or all characters on each of the vacuum florescent display characters (72A). Symbol display LEDs (73A) may simultaneously be tested.
The installer may check the ambient sound detection circuitry (20) and the audio prompting system (34) by entering the test mode using the persons entry device (4) . CA 02211963 1997-07-29 as described above and pressing a selected key (42). The message display (72) may be used to show the ambient sound measurement, the audio prompt volume measurement, and the programmed audio prompt volume parameter value. The installer may initiate a test sound by pressing a selected key (42)-(44) for a short sound or a different selected key (42)-(44) for a long sound. The installer can thereafter increase or decrease the audio prompt volume range and/or duration by selection of assigned keys (42)-(44) of persons entry device (4). Ambient light detection circuitry (15) and the message display circuit (32) may be similarly tested and adjusted.
Message display (72) may also be used to indicate and check the communications medium used, and when communications occur between the home communications unit (2) and the data collection box (1).
The installer may next test the overall functionality of the system. In the embodiment screens shown, the installer clicks on the proof of performance button (165) on the main menu dialog box (130) which invokes the proof of performance dialog box(166). (Figure 23) The installer ensures accuracy and operation of system and records household member registration and television on/off conditions by clicking the start button (167), turning on each television (8) and registering all household members on each data collection box (1) using the persons entry device (4), turning each television (8) off, and clicking the stop button (168) on the proof of performance dialog box (166).
Test Set searches the SRAM (86) of home communications unit (2) for television on/off data records and user symbol registration data records. When the system operates normally, checkmarks may be caused to appear on the proof of performance dialog box next to each television (169), next to each household member symbol (170), next to the TV On/Off procedure (171) and next to the family on/off procedure (172).
In one embodiment, the installer may use the system to train household members. With the television (8) off, the installer may enter a test mode using the persons entry device (4) as described above. The installer turns the television (8) on. The installer enters the periodic prompt test mode by pressing a selected key (42) on the persons entry device (4). The data collection box message display (72) may then be used to show a programmed sequence of visual and audio prompts which simulates normal system operation but does not generate any data records. The lnstaller may then teach the household members to register their symbols while using television (8).

If the home communications unit (2) or data collection box (1) does not appear to function normally, the installer can review the operational data records in SRAM
(31 or 86). To retrieve data records from either the data collection box (1) or home communications unit (2), the installer connects the external computer with Test Set to the unit, and from the main menu dialog box (130), selects inspect data records button(177) which invokes the data records dialog box (178) of Figure 24. In this fashion, the installer may retrieve the data records in SRAM (31 or 86) that have not yet been transmitted by the unit (get current button (179)), retrieve all data records in SRAM (31 or 86), (get all button (180)), open an existing output file for review, (load file button (188)), reset the SRAM (31 or 86) last-record-sent data pointer to 00, (clear memory button (181)).
To download software to a home communications unit, the installer may select download button (182) on the main menu dialog box (130), which invokes the load home communications unit software dialog box (184). (Figure 25) The installer selects a file in the window (185) and clicks on the OK button (232).
The installer downloads software to a selected data collection box (1) through selection of the data collection box download button (183) on the main menu dialog box (130), which invokes the load data collection box software dialog box (186). (Figure 25) Window (187) and OK
button (233) may be utilized to select a file for downloading for this purpose.
As would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art, the installer may perform various additional tests during installation to verify proper system and component function.
Operation of the System Operation of the audience participation measurement system is next discussed with reference to Figures 7A and 7B, detailing a human interface control and event logging flow chart according to the present invention.
Initially, prior to activation of the system, television set (8) is in "off" mode (110). In the off mode, symbol display (73) located on data control box (1) is also off. Once television set (8) is turned on (111), symbol display (73) on data control box (1) (see Figure 2) is enabled. At this time, data entry via the persons entry device (4) is also enabled. With the symbol display (73) enabled, and data entry via the persons entry device (4) enabled, pressing a symbol key (42) toggles the symbol light (73A) on (113) or off (112). The turning on of television set (8) also begins the TV On prompting sequence (114).
In order to prevent the generation of data records (logging) for very short changes in the TV On/Off state, a TV On/Off stability parameter, P (204) (Refer to Figure 7C), defines the minimum amount of time required for the data collection box (1) to recognize a change in TV On/Off state.
The data collection box (1) also may be configured to generate a data record associated with a TV On/Off cycling.
Cycling is when the TV is being turned on and off repeatedly, not remaining in either state for more than an amount of time defined by the TV On/Off stability parameter, P (204).
In order to prevent the generation of sequential data records for the same state, a hysteresis flag, H (205) may be used. In operation, initially, the data collection box (1) sets H(205)=0.
In operation, when the TV is in an off state for a persisted amount of time (206), and when the TV is turned on, the data collection box (1) enters the TV On: persisting state (209), sets the elapsed time, Te (207), equal to 0 and the accumulated time, 'A' (208), equal to 0. The elapsed time, Te (207), is the amount of time in one state. 'A' (208) is the accumulated time from all of the states entered.
In operation, when the data collection box (1) is in the TV On: persisting state (209), and if the TV remains on for more than 'P' (204) time, the data collection box (1) enters the TV On: persisted state (231). When the data collection box (1) enters the TV On: persisted state (231), if H=0, the microprocessor (25) logs TV On and sets H (205) equal to 1. To log the TV On, the microprocessor (25) generates a data record and stores it in SRAM (31).
If when the data collection box (1) is in the TV
On: persisting state (209), the TV is turned off before Te(207)+A(205)=P(204), the data collection box (1) enters the TV Off: persisting state (210). The microprocessor (25) sets A(205)=A(205)+Te(207) and sets Te(207)=0.
In operation, if the TV is turned on after Te(207)+A(205)=P(204), the data collection box (1) enters the TV On: cycling state (211). The microprocessor (25) generates a TV cycle data record, sets Te(207)=0 and A(205)=0.
If the TV remains on for P (204) time, the data collection box (1) enters the TV On: persisted state (231), logs the TV on and sets H (205) equal to 1.

If instead, the TV is turned off, the data collection box (1) enters the TV Off: cycling state t212), sets Te(207)=0 and A (208)=0.
If the TV remains off for P(204) time, the data collection box (1) enters the TV Off: persisted state (206), logs TV off and sets H(205)=0. If the data collection box (1) is in the TV Off cycling state (212), and the TV is turned on again, the data collection box (1) enters the TV
On cycling (211) state, sets Te(207)=0 and A(208)=0.
In operation, if when the data collection box (1) is in the TV On: persisted state (231), the TV is turned off, the data collection box (1) enters the TV Off:
persisting state (210). The microprocessor (25) sets A(208)=0 and sets Te(207)=0.
If when the data collectlon box (1) is in the TV
On: persisting state (209), the TV is turned off when Te(207)+A(208)>=P(204), the data collection box (1) enters the TV Off: cycling state (212). The microprocessor (25) logs a TV cycle, sets A(208)=0 and sets Te(207)=0.
If when the data collection box (1) is in the TV
Off: persisting state (210), the TV is turned on when Te(207)+A(208)<P(204), the data collection box (1) enters the TV On- Persisting state (209). The microprocessor (25) sets A(208)=A(208)+Te(207) and sets Te(207)=O.

In operation, when the data collection box (1) is in the TV Off: persisting state (210), and if the TV remains off for at least P(204) time, the data collection box (1) enters the TV Off: persisted state (206). When the data collection box (1) enters the TV Off: persisted state (206), if H(205) equals 1, the microprocessor (25) logs TV off and sets H(205)=0. To log the TV off, the microprocessor (25) generates a data record and stores it in SRAM (31).
Immediately after television (8) is turned on and is in the TV On: persisting state (209) for a suitable, preselected period, prompting begins. Figure 9 shows a preferred embodlment of the Television On prompting sequence (llg) according to present invention.
As depicted in Figure 9, ~isual prompting begins with message display (72) (see Figure 2) showing an appropriate programmable message to greet the user, such as:
"HELLO!" (46). If the user does not register a symbol (42, 44) (see Figure 5) after a programmable number of seconds, the display shows the next programmable message, such as:
"WHO'S THERE?" (47). The display shows this message for a fixed duration or until the user registers a symbol. If the user does not register his or her symbol (42, 44) before a programmed amount of time, the display will extinguish the message and contlnue the preselected programmed message sequence.
The visual prompting may be accompanied by programmed audio prompts generated by the sound subsystem (34) (See Figure 3B.) In the preferred embodiment, the sound subsystem generates a chime during message M4 t49).
If the user does not register, the message display (72) continues to display: "WHO'S THERE?" (49-50) for up to several more minutes. Whenever the user registers a symbol, the display shows a closure message such as: "THANK YOU!"
(62) (See Figure 12.) The text of each of these messages, and associated audio prompt and timing, can be changed by resetting the associated parameter values.
After the TV On prompting sequence (114) is complete, the data collection box (1) enters an idle state (199). (Refer to Figure 7B.) Upon entering the idle state (199), elapsed time parameter Te(233) is set to 0.
Figure 8 depicts the sub-states which define symbol event logging and symbol display control. In order to prevent the generation of data records (logging) for very short changes in the symbol On/Off state, a persons On/Off stability parameter, P (213) (Refer to Figure 8.), defines the minimum amount of time required for the data collection box (1) to recognize a change in Symbol On/Off state. The data collection box (1) enters a series of states before generating a Symbol On or Off data record. The data collection box (1) also recognizes Symbol On/Off cycling and generates an associated data record. Cycling is when the symbol is being turned on and off repeatedly, not remaining in either state for more than an amount of time defined by the Persons On/Off stability parameter, P (213).
In order to prevent the generation of sequential data records for the same state, a hysteresis flag, H (214) may be used. In operation, initially, the data collection box (1) sets H(214)=0.
In operation, when a symbol is in an off state for a persisted amount of time (120), and when the symbol is turned on, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol On:
persisting state (121), sets the elapsed time, Te (215) equal to 0 and the accumulated time, 'A' (216) equal to 0.
The elapsed time, Te (215), is the amount of time in one state. 'A' (216) is the accumulated time from all of the states entered.
In operation, when the data collection box (1) is in the Symbol On: persisting state (121), and if the symbol remains on for more than P (213) time, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol On: persisted state (219). When the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol On: persisted state (219), and if H~214)=0, the microprocessor (25) logs the symbol on and sets H (214) equal to 1. To log the symbol on, the microprocessor (25) generates a data record and stores it in SRAM (31).
In operation, if when the data collection box (1) is in the Symbol On: persisting state (121), the symbol is turned off before Te(215)+A(216)=P(213), the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol Off: persisting state (217). The microprocessor (25) sets A(216)=A(216)+Te(215) and sets Te(215)=0.
In operation, if the symbol is turned on after Te(215)+A(216)=P(213), the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol On: cycling state (218). The microprocessor (25) generates a TV cycle data record, sets Te(215)=0, A(216)=0 and H(214)=1.
If the symbol remains on for P (213) time, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol On: persisted state (219) and logs the symbol on.
If instead, the symbol is turned off, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol Off: cycling state (220), sets Te(215)=0 and A (216)=0.
In operation, when the data collection box (1) is in the Symbol Off: persisting (217) state, if the symbol remains off for P(213) time, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol Off: persisted state (120). If H(214)=1, the microprocessor (25) logs symbol off and sets H (214) =0.
If, when in the Symbol Off : cycling state (220), the symbol is turned on again, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol On cycling (218) state, sets Te (215)=0 and A (216) =0.
In operation, if when the data collection box (1) is in the Symbol On: persisted state (219), the symbol is turned off, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol Off: persisting state (217). The microprocessor (25) sets A (216) =0 and sets Te (215) =0.
In operation, if when the data collection box (1) is in the Symbcl On: persisting state (121), the symbol is turned off when Te (215) +A (216) >=P (213), the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol Off: cycling state (220). The microprocessor (25) logs a symbol cycle, sets A(216)=0, sets Te (215) =0 and sets H (214) =1.
If when the data collection box (1) is in the Symbol Off : persisting state (217), the symbol is turned on when Te (215)+A(216)<P(213), the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol On: persisting state (121). The microprocessor (25) sets A (216) +A (216) +Te (215) and sets Te (215) =0.

- In operation, when the data collection box (1) is in the Symbol Off: persisting state (217), and if the symbol remains off for at least P (213) time, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol Off: persisted state (120). When the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol Off: persisted state (120), if H(214) equals 1, the microprocessor (25) logs symbol off and sets H(214)=0. To log the symbol off, the microprocessor (25) generates a data record and stores it in SRAM (31).
In operation, when the TV is turned off and a TV
Off data record is generated, the data collection box (1) enters the Symbol Off: persisted state ~120); and if H(214)=1, the microprocessor (25) generates a forced Symbol Off data record and sets H(214)=0. H(214) must be set to 1 when entering the cycling states (218, 220) to assure symbol is logged off if the TV is turned off.
As depicted in Figure 1, once television set (8) is turned on, the symbols on data collection box (1) are enabled and persons entry device (4) data entry is enabled, a visitor may register his or her television (8) usage by selecting and pressing an appropriate demographic key (44) (see Figure 5) and an unassigned symbol key (42) on persons entry device (4).

Demographic keys (44) are designed and labeled such that a single key on persons entry device (4) may be selected for input of all necessary demographic data concerning the visitor.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 5, demographic keys (49) are either pink for females, or blue for males and are each associated with an age group (44B). Thus, a single key (44) may be used to indicate the presence of a TV user and the user's age and sex. In alternate embodiments, demographic keys could identify any other single or multiple demographic variables, such as income or ethnic group, and the keys could be any color.
Figure 11 shows tha visitor entry sequence ~118).
In operation, the data collection box (1) enters the sequence when a visitor selects the appropriate demographic key (44) (see Figure 5.). Simultaneously, the symbol display (73) flashes unassigned symbol ~EDs (73A) and the visitor entry sequence (118) enters the first programmable message state (59). The microprocessor (25) does not accept entry of assigned symbol keys. The message display (72) may be used to show the demographic information which the user entered.

When an unassigned symbol key (42) is pressed, the symbol display (73) stops flashing the symbols, illuminates the chosen visitor symbol, and the visitor entry sequence (118) enters the second programmable message state (60).
The microprocessor (25) accepts entry of assigned symbol keys. As confirmation, the message display may be used to show an appropriate message such as "visitor entered" (60) until the clock (91) reaches a preselected programmed time-out.
If the visitor does not press an unassigned symbol key (42) and the clock (91) reaches a programmed time-out, the symbol display ~73) stops flashing the symbols and the microprocessor accepts entry of assigned symbol keys. The message display pauses (61) until a programmed time-out is reached. This ends the visitor entry sequence.
When a visitor symbol is assigned, the associated configuration parameter is changed to reflect visitor demographics. The data collection box (1) sends the parameter data to home communication unit (2). (See Figure 1). Home communication unit (2) then downloads the parameter change data to all other data collection boxes (1) in the household to enable the symbol usage. The visitor does not have to enter his or her demographic data again, even if the visitor uses another television (8) in the household.
Home communications unit (2) may instruct microprocessor (25) to cancel visitor symbol assignments after a fixed period, such as after one day of inactivity.
When the data collection box (1) has been in the idle state (199) for a preselected period (Refer to Figure 7B), the data collection box (1) enters the "periodic prompting" sequence (115). In the routine shown in Figure 7B, this occurs when the real time, Tc(234), ends in 07 or 37 minutes, and the elapsed time, Te(233) is at least 15 minutes. Other time intervals may be used.
In operation, as shown in Figure 10, upon data collection box (1) entry of the periodic prompting sequence, visual prompts are supplied to the user to confirm his or her usage status. Message display (72) shows a query, such as: "CONFIRM/CHANGE?" (52) and audio prompting system (34) may be used to produce a chime or other audio prompt. The message display (72) continues to show this message for several minutes or some other preselected time or until a key (42)-(44) of persons entry device (4) (See Figure 5) is depressed. These messages and the duration of their display can be changed by changing the associated parameter values.

If the usage status is unchanged, the user presses confirm key (43) on persons entry device (4).
Alternatively, users could confirm their TV usage status by re-entering their symbols (45) by pressing appropriate symbol keys (42). If the usage status has changed, the user may log someone in or out by depressing the appropriate symbol key (42), which has the further effect of illuminating or extinguishing the associated symbol.
As depicted in Figure 12, once a persons entry device key (42, 43, 94) is depressed, a display shows the message: "THANK YOU!" (62, 63, 64). The message display (72) pauses (65) until the next action occurs or sequence begins.
As depicted in Figure 3B, microprocessor (25) creates a data record each time the television is switched on or off, the user confirms TV usage, the user registers in or out, a symbol is assigned or registered, a parameter otherwise changes, when a command is received from the home communications unit (2), host computer or external computer;
when the sensor is connected or disconnected; when a device is connected to the RS485 Network port; when installation tests or self tests are run; or when there is a power loss.
Microprocessor (25) stores the data records in SRAM (31).

With reference to Figure 3B, data records are stored in SRAM (31). This may be accomplished by insertion into a circular list within SRAM. Records in the circular list which have been transmitted to and acknowledged by home communications unit (2) (Figure 1) may be sequentially overwritten without generating an overflow condition.
The circular list has two pointers: a newest record pointer and a sent record pointer. As data records are generated, the newest record pointer is repositioned to the most recently generated record.
When the microprocessor (25) (Figure 3A) generates a data record, it attempts to transmit the data record to the home communications unit (2). If the attempt fails, the microprocessor (25) continues to try to send all unsent data records. As each data record is transmitted to and acknowledged by home communications unit (2), data collection box (1) repositions the sent record pointer to the most recently sent record.
A reset data pointer command received from home communications unit (2) repositions the sent data record pointer to the same position as the newest record pointer.
In addition, during installation or testing, an external computer may retrieve unsent data records from data collection box (1) without repositioning the sent record pointer or it may transmit a command to reposition the sent record pointer accordingly.
Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (27)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A television audience measurement system comprising:
a data collection box having a front display panel, said front display panel having a message display and a first set of stylized personal symbols, which symbols are assigned to members of the television audience;
a sensor associated with a television set for detecting when said television set is turned on;
and a remote data entry device having a keypad including a second set of stylized personal symbols, said second set corresponding to said first set of stylized personal symbols, said remote data entry device including means for communicating the presence of a TV user and means for selection of a personal symbol for assignment to the user following detection of Television On status.

2. The television audience measurement system of claim 1, wherein said means for communicating further comprises infra-red transmission.

3. The television audience measurement system of claim 1, where said keypad of the remote data entry device further comprises means for selecting a personal symbol and entering demographic data of a visitor into said data collection box.

4. The television audience measurement system of claim 1 wherein said message display is used to provide visual prompts to the television audience to ensure participation.

5. The television audience measurement system of claim 1, wherein said data collection box further comprises ambient light detection circuitry whereby the brightness of the message display and symbol display may be automatically adjusted based upon ambient light conditions.

6. The television audience measurement system of claim 1, wherein said data collection box further comprises an audio prompting circuit to provide audio prompts to ensure participation of a television audience.

7. The television audience measurement system of claim 6, further comprising an ambient sound level detection circuit whereby the volume of an audio prompt may be automatically adjusted based upon the ambient sound level of the room.

8. The television audience data collection system of claim 7, wherein said ambient sound level detection circuit includes a microphone and a band pass filter, and said audio prompting circuit comprises a volume and frequency control and a speaker.

9. A television audience data collection system comprising:
a data collection box having a front display panel, the front display panel having a message display and a first set of stylized personal symbols, said data collection box used for collecting demographic data supplied by at least one user;
a sensor associated with said data collection box for detecting when a television set is on;
a persons entry device having a keypad including a second set of stylized personal symbols corresponding to said first set of stylized personal symbols located on the front display panel of said data collection box; and a home communications unit for transmitting data supplied by said user to a host computer.

10. The television audience data collection system of claim 9, further comprising a means for communicating between said data collection box and said persons entry device.

11. The television audience data collection system of claim 10, wherein said means for communicating comprises infra-red transmission.

12. The television audience data collection system of claim 10, wherein said means for communicating comprises infra-red transmission of one of several user selectable code formats.

13. A television audience data collection system comprising:
data collection means for collecting demographic data supplied by a television audience;
sensing means associated with said data collection means for determining whether a television set is turned on;
remote data entry means for entering said demographic data into said data collection box during periods in which there is a television on condition.

14. The television audience data collection system of claim 13 further comprising means for transmitting demographic data supplied by a television audience to a remote location.

15. A method for collecting demographic data from a television audience during television usage periods comprising:
assigning a stylized personal symbol to a household user;
entering demographic data for said household user, which data is stored in memory in association with said assigned personal symbol;
sensing a Television Set On condition;
prompting said user to select a preassigned symbol upon sensing a Television Set On condition;
determining the period during which said user uses said television set during Television Set On condition, whereby the demographics of users during TV usage periods may be determined.

16. The method for collecting data of claim 15 further comprising the step of transmitting demographic data reflecting periods of television usage of a user with an assigned personal symbol to a location where the data may be viewed or analyzed.

17. The method for collecting data of claim 15 further comprising the steps of:
prompting a user to select an unassigned stylized personal symbol; and selecting said unassigned symbol and entering demographic data of the user by said user; and determining the period of television usage by said user.

18. The method for collecting data of claim 17 wherein the user is a visitor to the household.

19. A method for collecting demographic data pertaining to a television audience during active usage periods, comprising:
providing a television user with a first set of stylized personal symbols on a data collection box;
providing a persons entry device including a second set of stylized personal symbols corresponding to said first set, whereby said user may select a personal stylized symbol for assignment to said user;
entering demographic data of said user, which data is to be associated with a stylized personal symbol selected by said user, and which data may be entered through said persons entry device by said user or may be preentered for said user in association with an assigned stylized symbol;
and determining the demographics of the television audience by sensing a period of Television On condition and recording demographics of the television users based upon periods during which their assigned personal symbols have been selected on said persons entry device.

20. The method of collecting demographic data of claim 19 further including the step of prompting the television audience through visual prompts on a message display of said data collection box to select either a preassigned symbol or to select an unassigned symbol and to enter demographic data to be associated with said selected unassigned symbol.

21. The method of collecting demographic data of claim 20 wherein the step of prompting the television audience with a visual prompt includes a message welcoming the audience and a message requesting selection of a stylized personal symbol.

22. The method for collecting demographic data of claim 20 wherein the step of prompting a television audience with visual prompts includes the following sequence of messages:
a. "Hello!";

b. One or more timed displays of the message "Who's there?" or a similar inquiry; and c. a confirming message.

23. The method of collecting demographic data of claim 19 further comprising the step of providing an audio prompt to the television audience to ensure selection of a stylized personal symbol or entry of demographic data.

24. The method for collecting demographic data of claim 19, further comprising the step of periodically confirming that said user is still using television.

25. The television audience measurement system of claim 1 wherein the sensor is non-invasive.

26. The television audience measurement system of claim 1 further comprising:
a Test Set program utilized to test proof of performance and to check and/or change parameters of the television audience measurement system.

27. The television audience measurement system of claim 3 further comprising a second data collection box and means for transmitting demographic data of the visitor into the second data collection box.