CA2194534A1 - Method and apparatus for quantifying particle components - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for quantifying particle componentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2194534A1 CA2194534A1 CA 2194534 CA2194534A CA2194534A1 CA 2194534 A1 CA2194534 A1 CA 2194534A1 CA 2194534 CA2194534 CA 2194534 CA 2194534 A CA2194534 A CA 2194534A CA 2194534 A1 CA2194534 A1 CA 2194534A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sample
- sample holder
- image
- calibration
- products
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 101100117236 Drosophila melanogaster speck gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000015927 pasta Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920004142 LEXAN™ Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004418 Lexan Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007264 Triticum durum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209143 Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
- G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means using imaging; using holography
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Samples of product with contaminating particulate matter are placed into a sample holder and compressed against a clear window for identification by the image acquisition sub-system.
Using custom software architecture, an electronic image is generated, captured, and contaminants are isolated and quantified based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
The instrumental method produces objective, rapid, automated quantification of particle contaminants.
Using custom software architecture, an electronic image is generated, captured, and contaminants are isolated and quantified based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
The instrumental method produces objective, rapid, automated quantification of particle contaminants.
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR QUANTIFYING PARTICLE CONTAMINANTS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention generally relates to the identification and quantification of particle contaminants in food products such as flour, millstreams, semolina, pasta, noodles, spray-dried powders, and in pulp/paper products such as recycled paper, mixed office and newsprint waste, and paperboard.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Particle contaminants in food products are the result of undesirable material being introduced in the grinding, mixing, extruding or spray-drying operation. In some pulp and paper products, cont~m'n~nts result from the de-inking process. For example, the milling of durum wheat produces a granular product comprised of evenly sized starchy endosperm particles called semolina. Semolina is used exclusively for the manufacture of pasta and other paste products. Dark specks in the semolina adversely affect the appearance of the semolina and the finished pasta. Specks are caused by any material with a colour that contrasts with the yellow endosperm. Wheat bran is the most common source of brown specks and black specks are usually caused by discoloured or diseased kernels, weed seeds, ergot or dirt.
Speck counting is a quality control measurement that assures the semolina meets customer specifications. Despite its importance in determining the marketability of semolina, there is no standard objective procedure for analysis. Specks are generally determined by a manual process where the observer visually identifies and counts the number of specks within a defined area of flattened semolina. Consistent, objective results are difficult to obtain due to observer bias in determining speck size and darkness of specks, observer experience and fatigue levels, inconsistent sample presentation, overall level of speckiness, and tediousness of visual counting.
Detection and enumeration of contaminants are analytical procedures routinely included in the quality assurance and quality control of many products. Most of these analytical protocols are performed manually. The use of an objective rapid automated quantification system is preferable to a subjective method as described above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention uses a novel combination of integrated hardware and software components to achieve an objective quantification system that is superior to known imaging systems for semolina speck counting and known dirt analysis methods for determining the contamination levels in pulp/paper/paperboard products that use image analysis techniques.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus to identify and quantify particle contaminants in products that obviates and mitigates from the disadvantages of traditional manual methods of identifying and quantifying particle cont~m;n~nts in products.
Another object is to provide an instrumental method to produce objective, rapid, automated quantification of particle contaminants on-line.
According to the invention, there is provided a system to identify and quantify particulate contaminants in products comprising: a custom sample holder means having a clear window component; an image acquisition sub-system capturing means, said image capturing means having a custom sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly; and software based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria to perform the identiflcation and quantification analysis of particulate cont~m;n~nts.
According to the invention, there is further provided a method of using an optical scanning device to identify and quantify particulate cont~m;n~nts in products, comprising the steps of: placing a sample onto sample holder, placing the sample holder onto a sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly, digitally scanning an image of the sample, and analyzing the digital image of the sample based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
According to the invention, there is further provided a method of using an optical scanning device to identify and quantify particulate cont~m'n~nts in products, comprising the steps of: placing a sample of product onto a sample holder, compressing the sample against a clear window for identification by an optical scanning device, placing the sample holder onto a sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly, capturing an electronic image, and isolating and quantifying contaminants based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the following detailed descriptions of a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in greater detail, and will be better understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
Figure 1, is a side view of a custom designed sample holder;
Figure 2, is a profile view of the image acquisition sub-system with the custom designed sample presentation mechanism and drawer assembly; and Figure 3, is top view of a custom designed sample presentation mechanism or drawer assembly.
Similar references are used in different figures to denote similar components.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a combination of integrated hardware and software components, an image acquisition sub-system 20 includes the following hardware parts: a custom designed sample holder 1; a custom designed sample presentation mechanism or drawer assembly 2; an image acquisition sub-system 3. The sample holder 1 having wing studs 10, lexan cover 11, lexan holder 12, and receptacles 13, is designed to contain and compress the product and to identify the material to the image acquisition sub-system 3 through a clear window 4. The sample presentation mechanism is a drawer assembly 2 that accepts the sample holder 1 with metal pl'ate 5 and presents the clear window 4 to the image acquisition sub-system 3 glass surface 9. Drawer slide 8 consists of block 6 and rails 7. A
customized instrument housing (not shown) covers the sample presentation mechanism 2.
The image acquisition sub-system 20 could also be adapted for use on-line by adding a slide gate for taking a sample from the flow stream and conveying the sample to the measuring apparatus by pneumatic or screw conveyance.
Using electronic imaging techniques, sample images are acquired and analyzed with minimal operator interaction and input. The architecture of the system software written specifically for this purpose includes: (a) an image acquisition sub-system which generates and captures an electronic image of the sample; (b) an image analysis sub-system which isolates the image of the sample from the sample packing and associated external hardware and isolates specks in the sample based on calibration-trained expert-user quantification criteria; (c) a calibration mechanism that is trained by the expert user; (d) an analysis results reporting system which quantifies the results; (e) an interactive user interface which presents to the system operator a functional user interface to control or monitor the quantification process; (f) a software installation and configuration utility for installing and configuring the software component of the invention on the host PC.
The operation of the identification and quantification system is quick, automatic and reliable. The process begins by the system taking a sample of product with contaminating particulate matter. The sample is then placed into a sample holder. The sample is then compressed against a clear window for identification by the image acquisition sub-system, and by using custom software architecture, an electronic image is generated, captured, and cont~m'n~nts are isolated and quantified based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are meant to be illustrative of a preferred embodiment of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, which would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The only limitations to the scope of the present invention are set out in the following appended claims.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention generally relates to the identification and quantification of particle contaminants in food products such as flour, millstreams, semolina, pasta, noodles, spray-dried powders, and in pulp/paper products such as recycled paper, mixed office and newsprint waste, and paperboard.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Particle contaminants in food products are the result of undesirable material being introduced in the grinding, mixing, extruding or spray-drying operation. In some pulp and paper products, cont~m'n~nts result from the de-inking process. For example, the milling of durum wheat produces a granular product comprised of evenly sized starchy endosperm particles called semolina. Semolina is used exclusively for the manufacture of pasta and other paste products. Dark specks in the semolina adversely affect the appearance of the semolina and the finished pasta. Specks are caused by any material with a colour that contrasts with the yellow endosperm. Wheat bran is the most common source of brown specks and black specks are usually caused by discoloured or diseased kernels, weed seeds, ergot or dirt.
Speck counting is a quality control measurement that assures the semolina meets customer specifications. Despite its importance in determining the marketability of semolina, there is no standard objective procedure for analysis. Specks are generally determined by a manual process where the observer visually identifies and counts the number of specks within a defined area of flattened semolina. Consistent, objective results are difficult to obtain due to observer bias in determining speck size and darkness of specks, observer experience and fatigue levels, inconsistent sample presentation, overall level of speckiness, and tediousness of visual counting.
Detection and enumeration of contaminants are analytical procedures routinely included in the quality assurance and quality control of many products. Most of these analytical protocols are performed manually. The use of an objective rapid automated quantification system is preferable to a subjective method as described above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention uses a novel combination of integrated hardware and software components to achieve an objective quantification system that is superior to known imaging systems for semolina speck counting and known dirt analysis methods for determining the contamination levels in pulp/paper/paperboard products that use image analysis techniques.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus to identify and quantify particle contaminants in products that obviates and mitigates from the disadvantages of traditional manual methods of identifying and quantifying particle cont~m;n~nts in products.
Another object is to provide an instrumental method to produce objective, rapid, automated quantification of particle contaminants on-line.
According to the invention, there is provided a system to identify and quantify particulate contaminants in products comprising: a custom sample holder means having a clear window component; an image acquisition sub-system capturing means, said image capturing means having a custom sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly; and software based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria to perform the identiflcation and quantification analysis of particulate cont~m;n~nts.
According to the invention, there is further provided a method of using an optical scanning device to identify and quantify particulate cont~m;n~nts in products, comprising the steps of: placing a sample onto sample holder, placing the sample holder onto a sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly, digitally scanning an image of the sample, and analyzing the digital image of the sample based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
According to the invention, there is further provided a method of using an optical scanning device to identify and quantify particulate cont~m'n~nts in products, comprising the steps of: placing a sample of product onto a sample holder, compressing the sample against a clear window for identification by an optical scanning device, placing the sample holder onto a sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly, capturing an electronic image, and isolating and quantifying contaminants based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
Other advantages, objects and features of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from a review of the following detailed descriptions of a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in greater detail, and will be better understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
Figure 1, is a side view of a custom designed sample holder;
Figure 2, is a profile view of the image acquisition sub-system with the custom designed sample presentation mechanism and drawer assembly; and Figure 3, is top view of a custom designed sample presentation mechanism or drawer assembly.
Similar references are used in different figures to denote similar components.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a combination of integrated hardware and software components, an image acquisition sub-system 20 includes the following hardware parts: a custom designed sample holder 1; a custom designed sample presentation mechanism or drawer assembly 2; an image acquisition sub-system 3. The sample holder 1 having wing studs 10, lexan cover 11, lexan holder 12, and receptacles 13, is designed to contain and compress the product and to identify the material to the image acquisition sub-system 3 through a clear window 4. The sample presentation mechanism is a drawer assembly 2 that accepts the sample holder 1 with metal pl'ate 5 and presents the clear window 4 to the image acquisition sub-system 3 glass surface 9. Drawer slide 8 consists of block 6 and rails 7. A
customized instrument housing (not shown) covers the sample presentation mechanism 2.
The image acquisition sub-system 20 could also be adapted for use on-line by adding a slide gate for taking a sample from the flow stream and conveying the sample to the measuring apparatus by pneumatic or screw conveyance.
Using electronic imaging techniques, sample images are acquired and analyzed with minimal operator interaction and input. The architecture of the system software written specifically for this purpose includes: (a) an image acquisition sub-system which generates and captures an electronic image of the sample; (b) an image analysis sub-system which isolates the image of the sample from the sample packing and associated external hardware and isolates specks in the sample based on calibration-trained expert-user quantification criteria; (c) a calibration mechanism that is trained by the expert user; (d) an analysis results reporting system which quantifies the results; (e) an interactive user interface which presents to the system operator a functional user interface to control or monitor the quantification process; (f) a software installation and configuration utility for installing and configuring the software component of the invention on the host PC.
The operation of the identification and quantification system is quick, automatic and reliable. The process begins by the system taking a sample of product with contaminating particulate matter. The sample is then placed into a sample holder. The sample is then compressed against a clear window for identification by the image acquisition sub-system, and by using custom software architecture, an electronic image is generated, captured, and cont~m'n~nts are isolated and quantified based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
The above-described embodiments of the present invention are meant to be illustrative of a preferred embodiment of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, which would be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The only limitations to the scope of the present invention are set out in the following appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A system to identify and quantify particulate contaminants in products comprising:
a custom sample holder means having a clear window component;
an image acquisition sub-system capturing means, said image capturing means having a custom sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly; and software based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria to perform the identification and quantification analysis of particulate contaminants.
a custom sample holder means having a clear window component;
an image acquisition sub-system capturing means, said image capturing means having a custom sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly; and software based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria to perform the identification and quantification analysis of particulate contaminants.
2. A method of using an optical scanning device to identify and quantify particulate contaminants in products, comprising the steps of:
placing a sample onto a sample holder, placing the sample holder onto a sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly, digitally scanning an image of the sample, and analyzing the digital image of the sample based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
placing a sample onto a sample holder, placing the sample holder onto a sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly, digitally scanning an image of the sample, and analyzing the digital image of the sample based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
3. A method of using an optical scanning device to identify and quantify particulate contaminants in products, comprising the steps of:
placing a sample of product onto a sample holder, compressing the sample against a clear window for identification by an optical scanning device, placing the sample holder onto a sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly, capturing an electronic image, and isolating and quantifying contaminants based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
placing a sample of product onto a sample holder, compressing the sample against a clear window for identification by an optical scanning device, placing the sample holder onto a sample holder receiving mechanism and drawer assembly, capturing an electronic image, and isolating and quantifying contaminants based on calibration-trained expert-user criteria.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2194534 CA2194534A1 (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1997-01-07 | Method and apparatus for quantifying particle components |
| PCT/CA1998/000007 WO1998030886A1 (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1998-01-07 | Apparatus and method for quantifying physical characteristics of granular products |
| CA002276099A CA2276099C (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1998-01-07 | Apparatus and method for quantifying physical characteristics of granular products |
| AU55454/98A AU5545498A (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1998-01-07 | Apparatus and method for quantifying physical characteristics of granular products |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2194534 CA2194534A1 (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1997-01-07 | Method and apparatus for quantifying particle components |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2194534A1 true CA2194534A1 (en) | 1998-07-07 |
Family
ID=4159602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2194534 Abandoned CA2194534A1 (en) | 1997-01-07 | 1997-01-07 | Method and apparatus for quantifying particle components |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5545498A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2194534A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998030886A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6683975B2 (en) | 2001-06-18 | 2004-01-27 | Abbott Laboratories | Apparatus and method for determining the dispersibility of a product in particulate form |
| DE10358135A1 (en) * | 2003-12-12 | 2005-07-21 | L. B. Bohle Pharmatechnik Gmbh | Method and device for quality determination of granular material |
| FI20050470A (en) | 2005-05-02 | 2006-11-03 | Intelligent Pharmaceutics Ltd | Measurement method and system for measuring the particle size and shape of a material in powder or granular form |
| DE102006049517A1 (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2008-04-24 | Haver & Boecker Ohg | Device for determining parameters of a bulk material particle flow |
| US8220415B2 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2012-07-17 | Li-Cor, Inc. | Modular animal imaging apparatus |
| CN101964293B (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-01-18 | 西安航空动力股份有限公司 | Metallographical microstructural image processing method |
| FR3023615B1 (en) * | 2014-07-09 | 2017-11-10 | Optomachines | NON-COMPLETELY OPAQUE GRAIN ANALYSIS UNIT |
| FR3105531B1 (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-12-31 | Neovia | FOOD PARTICLE SIZE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND ASSOCIATED METHOD |
| CN117457066B (en) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-03-15 | 山东科技大学 | Winter wheat grain protein content prediction method with provincial scale |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4040747A (en) * | 1972-08-24 | 1977-08-09 | Neotec Corporation | Optical analyzer for agricultural products |
| DE3510363A1 (en) * | 1985-03-22 | 1986-09-25 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | MEASURING ARRANGEMENT FOR PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS |
| JPH0675030B2 (en) * | 1989-04-05 | 1994-09-21 | 日本鋼管株式会社 | Granular average particle size measuring method and automatic particle size control method |
| WO1992003364A1 (en) * | 1990-08-25 | 1992-03-05 | Intelligent Automation Systems, Inc. | Programmable reconfigurable parts feeder |
| US5448069A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1995-09-05 | Buhler Ag Maschinenfabrik | Infrared measurement of constituents of particulate foodstuffs |
| JP3328045B2 (en) * | 1994-02-08 | 2002-09-24 | 日清製粉株式会社 | Powder sample preparation device |
| DE4414622A1 (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1995-10-19 | Marcus Dipl Ing Gutzmer | Soil and earth analysis probe for foreign organic chemical detection |
-
1997
- 1997-01-07 CA CA 2194534 patent/CA2194534A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-01-07 AU AU55454/98A patent/AU5545498A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-01-07 WO PCT/CA1998/000007 patent/WO1998030886A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5545498A (en) | 1998-08-03 |
| WO1998030886A1 (en) | 1998-07-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Dead |