CA2186629C - Head gasket - Google Patents
Head gasket Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2186629C CA2186629C CA002186629A CA2186629A CA2186629C CA 2186629 C CA2186629 C CA 2186629C CA 002186629 A CA002186629 A CA 002186629A CA 2186629 A CA2186629 A CA 2186629A CA 2186629 C CA2186629 C CA 2186629C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- steel plate
- gasket
- thickness
- rubber
- rubber films
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F11/00—Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines
- F02F11/002—Arrangements of sealings in combustion engines involving cylinder heads
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a cylinder head gasket for internal combust ion engines. According to the invention, the gasket comprises a laminate which consists in a thin stainless steel plate or a hea t-resistant steel plate that is coated on each side with still thinner carrier-calendared rubber films which have a thickness of at least 0.05 mm a nd which are affixed to the steel plate by vulcanization . The steel plate suitably has a thickness of about 0.2 to 0.4 mm and the rubber f ilms each have a thickness of at least 0.05 to 0.20 mm.
Description
Head Gasket The present invention relates to a gasket, and more specifically to a cylinder head gasket for internal combustion engines.
Present-day cylinder head gaskets consist in a pack of several thin metal plates, which are often riveted together. The pack may contain from three to six plates, which may have been coated with an extremely thin layer of paint, rubber or some other polymer that has been applied in the form of a solution or dispersion.
There is proposed in FR-A5-2184133 a cylinder head gasket which comprises a metal band that has been coated with a layer of rubber on each side thereof.
The rubber layer is applied in the form of a solution and is then heated to drive-off the solvent and form said layer. Prior publications DE-C2-3500071 and JP-A-62/101873 also teach gaskets of this kind that are produced from different types of rubber solutions. US-A 5,1 10,630 describes the manufacture of a metal-rubber gasket in which a thin steel band is treated with chromate and rubber adhesive in sequence in a continuous process followed by a heat-treatment process, whereafter a rubber layer is applied. This is said to be affected by coating the adhesive layer to a desired thickness. The laminate will thus have an adhesive layer between each rubber layer and the metal surface.
In many cases, the gaskets used today present problems and especially when used with engines in which the cylinder heads and engine blocks are comprised of dissimilar materials, as is becoming more and more usual. For instance, it is becoming more usual to produce the cylinder head from an aluminium alloy and to produce the engine block from cast iron. As a result of the different thermal properties of the materials, transverse movements occur between cylinder head and motor block while the engine is running.
This increases the requirement of the gaskets to withstand the shear forces to which they are subjected as a result of thermally forced transverse movements.
Hitherto, one solution has been to increase the number of metal layers in the gasket. However, this solution cannot be considered to be the final solution, for other reasons. Firstly, more complicated gaskets become more expensive, of course, since both material costs and manufacturing costs are greatly increased. A second reason has an environmental connotation. The thicker the gaskets, the more liable it is that pockets are formed which are capable of causing a higher concentration of non-combusted' hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases, a consequence which is extremely problematic in view of present-day environmental requirements.
An ideal gasket material for modern internal combustion engines shall thus exhibit good properties with regard to compressibility and its ability to absorb shear forces while, at the same time, being thin and easy to manufacture cheaply, besides having an effective blow-by resistance, which is particularly important in the present context, i.e. the gasket shall provide the best possible seal under the difficult conditions that prevail in respect of a cylinder head gasket.
The object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder head gasket which will fulfil the aforesaid high requirements that are placed on gaskets for modern engines which operate under highly advanced operating conditions.
According to the invention, a cylinder head gasket for internal combustion engines is produced from a laminate which comprises a thin stainless steel plate or a heat-resistant steel plate which is coated on each side with a carrier-calendered rubber films which have a thickness of a least 0.05 mm, while being thinner than said steel plate, said rubber films being fixed to the steel plate by vulcanization.
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a not-to-scale, diagrammatically cross-section of the inventive laminate.
The inventive cylinder head gasket includes a laminate which comprises a thin stainless steel plate and/or heat-resistant steel plate 3. The plate 3 is coated on each side with a carrier-calendered rubber films which are thinner than the steel plate and which have a thickness of at least 0.05 mm and are affixed to the steel plate by vulcanization.
The stainless and/or heat-resistant steel plate will suitably have a thickness of about 0.2-0.4 mm, and each of the rubber films will preferably have a thickness of 0.05-0.20 mm. The outwardly facing surface of the rubber films will suitably have a textile-carrier structure, preferably a roughened or "pimpled" structure.
The specific combination of characteristic features defined in the Claims gives the laminate the unique combination of being compressible, having good shear-force absorbing ability and blow-by resistance (sealing ability), indicated above.
It is thus important that the rubber coatings will have those specific properties and that specific structure that are exhibited by calendered rubber films, among other things homogeneity and uniformity with regard to both physical properties and dimensions, and shall be as pore-free as possible. These properties cannot be achieved with a rubber covering that has been applied in the form of a solution or in the form of a dough that has been rolled-out directly on the plate or substrate surfaces, since rubber coatings or coverings formed in this way will always include dough-forming residues or solvent residues that result in the formation of pores and other inhomogeneities and thereby give rise to weakened zones and also possible adhesive layers. It is also important that the rubber films have been applied to the plate with the aid of a calendering carrier or vehicle which will ensure highly effective and primarily flat abutment with the surface of the plate in the absence of any tendency towards unevenness in the abutment surfaces, and which will also allow the outer surface to be given a structure that is commensurate with the carrier or vehicle chosen. The surface structure that is obtained when calendering or vulcanizing a textile carrier, for instance with a so-called linen structure has been found especially beneficial. It has surprisingly been found that the essentially rough or "pimpled" outer surface provides improved abutment and sealing against metal surfaces. A material which possesses these qualities can also be affixed efficiently by vulcanization with regard to the mechanical strength of the rubber-plate joins. The method of manufacturing using carriers and band-vulcanizing machines is the same as that described in our earlier patent specification published for instance, as EP-A-594601 (WO
91 /13758). The resulting laminate is also referred to herebefore and hereafter as comprising "carrier (3) calendered rubber films (1, 2)".
The invention will be presented in more detail below with reference to a number of examples which describe different tests that have been carried out on the material.
Example 1 A laminate comprised of a 0.20 mm stainless steel plate and two 0.08 mm rubber layers was subjected to a compressibility test in accordance with the following:
A pack consisting in ten material samples measuring 40 x 40 mm was subjected to a pressure of 16.5 MPa with a force of 2.4 kN at room temperature. This was repeated seven times while maintaining the pressure for a period of one second. The pack of laminate samples was found to have been compressed by 16 um, which corresponds to a specific compressibility of 2 um/10 MPa.
Example 2 A test was carried out on a 4-cylinder, 2 litre, 16 valve SAAB 9000 fuel injection engine over a period of twenty-four hours. The engine was prepared by lowering the piston heads to receive a thinner cylinder head gasket produced from the above laminate.
Present-day cylinder head gaskets consist in a pack of several thin metal plates, which are often riveted together. The pack may contain from three to six plates, which may have been coated with an extremely thin layer of paint, rubber or some other polymer that has been applied in the form of a solution or dispersion.
There is proposed in FR-A5-2184133 a cylinder head gasket which comprises a metal band that has been coated with a layer of rubber on each side thereof.
The rubber layer is applied in the form of a solution and is then heated to drive-off the solvent and form said layer. Prior publications DE-C2-3500071 and JP-A-62/101873 also teach gaskets of this kind that are produced from different types of rubber solutions. US-A 5,1 10,630 describes the manufacture of a metal-rubber gasket in which a thin steel band is treated with chromate and rubber adhesive in sequence in a continuous process followed by a heat-treatment process, whereafter a rubber layer is applied. This is said to be affected by coating the adhesive layer to a desired thickness. The laminate will thus have an adhesive layer between each rubber layer and the metal surface.
In many cases, the gaskets used today present problems and especially when used with engines in which the cylinder heads and engine blocks are comprised of dissimilar materials, as is becoming more and more usual. For instance, it is becoming more usual to produce the cylinder head from an aluminium alloy and to produce the engine block from cast iron. As a result of the different thermal properties of the materials, transverse movements occur between cylinder head and motor block while the engine is running.
This increases the requirement of the gaskets to withstand the shear forces to which they are subjected as a result of thermally forced transverse movements.
Hitherto, one solution has been to increase the number of metal layers in the gasket. However, this solution cannot be considered to be the final solution, for other reasons. Firstly, more complicated gaskets become more expensive, of course, since both material costs and manufacturing costs are greatly increased. A second reason has an environmental connotation. The thicker the gaskets, the more liable it is that pockets are formed which are capable of causing a higher concentration of non-combusted' hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases, a consequence which is extremely problematic in view of present-day environmental requirements.
An ideal gasket material for modern internal combustion engines shall thus exhibit good properties with regard to compressibility and its ability to absorb shear forces while, at the same time, being thin and easy to manufacture cheaply, besides having an effective blow-by resistance, which is particularly important in the present context, i.e. the gasket shall provide the best possible seal under the difficult conditions that prevail in respect of a cylinder head gasket.
The object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder head gasket which will fulfil the aforesaid high requirements that are placed on gaskets for modern engines which operate under highly advanced operating conditions.
According to the invention, a cylinder head gasket for internal combustion engines is produced from a laminate which comprises a thin stainless steel plate or a heat-resistant steel plate which is coated on each side with a carrier-calendered rubber films which have a thickness of a least 0.05 mm, while being thinner than said steel plate, said rubber films being fixed to the steel plate by vulcanization.
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a not-to-scale, diagrammatically cross-section of the inventive laminate.
The inventive cylinder head gasket includes a laminate which comprises a thin stainless steel plate and/or heat-resistant steel plate 3. The plate 3 is coated on each side with a carrier-calendered rubber films which are thinner than the steel plate and which have a thickness of at least 0.05 mm and are affixed to the steel plate by vulcanization.
The stainless and/or heat-resistant steel plate will suitably have a thickness of about 0.2-0.4 mm, and each of the rubber films will preferably have a thickness of 0.05-0.20 mm. The outwardly facing surface of the rubber films will suitably have a textile-carrier structure, preferably a roughened or "pimpled" structure.
The specific combination of characteristic features defined in the Claims gives the laminate the unique combination of being compressible, having good shear-force absorbing ability and blow-by resistance (sealing ability), indicated above.
It is thus important that the rubber coatings will have those specific properties and that specific structure that are exhibited by calendered rubber films, among other things homogeneity and uniformity with regard to both physical properties and dimensions, and shall be as pore-free as possible. These properties cannot be achieved with a rubber covering that has been applied in the form of a solution or in the form of a dough that has been rolled-out directly on the plate or substrate surfaces, since rubber coatings or coverings formed in this way will always include dough-forming residues or solvent residues that result in the formation of pores and other inhomogeneities and thereby give rise to weakened zones and also possible adhesive layers. It is also important that the rubber films have been applied to the plate with the aid of a calendering carrier or vehicle which will ensure highly effective and primarily flat abutment with the surface of the plate in the absence of any tendency towards unevenness in the abutment surfaces, and which will also allow the outer surface to be given a structure that is commensurate with the carrier or vehicle chosen. The surface structure that is obtained when calendering or vulcanizing a textile carrier, for instance with a so-called linen structure has been found especially beneficial. It has surprisingly been found that the essentially rough or "pimpled" outer surface provides improved abutment and sealing against metal surfaces. A material which possesses these qualities can also be affixed efficiently by vulcanization with regard to the mechanical strength of the rubber-plate joins. The method of manufacturing using carriers and band-vulcanizing machines is the same as that described in our earlier patent specification published for instance, as EP-A-594601 (WO
91 /13758). The resulting laminate is also referred to herebefore and hereafter as comprising "carrier (3) calendered rubber films (1, 2)".
The invention will be presented in more detail below with reference to a number of examples which describe different tests that have been carried out on the material.
Example 1 A laminate comprised of a 0.20 mm stainless steel plate and two 0.08 mm rubber layers was subjected to a compressibility test in accordance with the following:
A pack consisting in ten material samples measuring 40 x 40 mm was subjected to a pressure of 16.5 MPa with a force of 2.4 kN at room temperature. This was repeated seven times while maintaining the pressure for a period of one second. The pack of laminate samples was found to have been compressed by 16 um, which corresponds to a specific compressibility of 2 um/10 MPa.
Example 2 A test was carried out on a 4-cylinder, 2 litre, 16 valve SAAB 9000 fuel injection engine over a period of twenty-four hours. The engine was prepared by lowering the piston heads to receive a thinner cylinder head gasket produced from the above laminate.
Claims (5)
1. A cylinder head gasket for internal combustion engines, characterized in that the gasket comprises a laminate which consists of a thin stainless steel plate that is coated on each side with a carrier-calendered rubber films which have a thickness of at least 0.05 mm, while being thinner than said steel plate, and which rubber films are affixed to the steel plate by vulcanization.
2. A cylinder head gasket for internal combustion engines, characterized in that the gasket comprises a laminate which consists of a thin heat-resistant steel plate that is coated on each side with a carrier-calendered rubber films which have a thickness of at least 0.05 mm, while being thinner than said steel plate, and which rubber films are affixed to the steel plate by vulcanization.
3. A gasket according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the steel plate has a thickness of 0.2-0.4 mm and each of the rubber films has a thickness of 0.05-0.20 mm.
4. A gasket according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the outwardly facing surfaces of the rubber films have a textile-carrier structure.
5. The use of a gasket according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the gasket is comprised of a plurality of laminates that have been vulcanized together.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9401401A SE502513C2 (en) | 1994-04-25 | 1994-04-25 | Head gasket |
| SE9401401-6 | 1994-04-25 | ||
| PCT/SE1995/000443 WO1995029333A1 (en) | 1994-04-25 | 1995-04-24 | Head gasket |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2186629A1 CA2186629A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
| CA2186629C true CA2186629C (en) | 2003-06-17 |
Family
ID=20393771
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002186629A Expired - Fee Related CA2186629C (en) | 1994-04-25 | 1995-04-24 | Head gasket |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0760902B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE178121T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2422495A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2186629C (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ286582B6 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69508578T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0760902T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2129821T3 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3029793T3 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU218781B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE502513C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995029333A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE509315C2 (en) | 1995-10-26 | 1999-01-11 | Trelleborg Rubore Ab | Packing |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2184133A5 (en) * | 1972-05-05 | 1973-12-21 | Farnam Co F D | |
| SE450730B (en) * | 1981-07-10 | 1987-07-20 | Felt Products Mfg Co | LAMINATED CYLINDER COVER GASKING AND SET TO MAKE IT |
| DE3500071A1 (en) * | 1985-01-03 | 1986-07-03 | Elring Dichtungswerke Gmbh, 7012 Fellbach | CYLINDER HEAD GASKET |
| US5130203A (en) * | 1988-07-28 | 1992-07-14 | Nippon Leakless Industry Co., Ltd. | Metal gasket and method of producing the same |
| SE465763B (en) * | 1990-03-09 | 1991-10-28 | Rubore Materials Sweden Ab | MANUFACTURED TO MAKE A MATERIAL COURSE FOR MANUFACTURING PACKAGING |
| JPH0586070U (en) * | 1991-05-31 | 1993-11-19 | ニチアス株式会社 | Head gasket |
-
1994
- 1994-04-25 SE SE9401401A patent/SE502513C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1995
- 1995-04-24 CZ CZ19963022A patent/CZ286582B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-24 AT AT95918228T patent/ATE178121T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-24 EP EP95918228A patent/EP0760902B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-24 HU HU9602939A patent/HU218781B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-04-24 ES ES95918228T patent/ES2129821T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-04-24 DK DK95918228T patent/DK0760902T3/en active
- 1995-04-24 WO PCT/SE1995/000443 patent/WO1995029333A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1995-04-24 DE DE69508578T patent/DE69508578T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-04-24 AU AU24224/95A patent/AU2422495A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-04-24 CA CA002186629A patent/CA2186629C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-03-25 GR GR990400594T patent/GR3029793T3/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2186629A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
| HUT77502A (en) | 1998-05-28 |
| DK0760902T3 (en) | 2003-04-14 |
| AU2422495A (en) | 1995-11-16 |
| HU218781B (en) | 2000-12-28 |
| DE69508578T2 (en) | 1999-07-15 |
| EP0760902A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
| DE69508578D1 (en) | 1999-04-29 |
| GR3029793T3 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
| CZ286582B6 (en) | 2000-05-17 |
| SE9401401L (en) | 1995-10-26 |
| ATE178121T1 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
| SE502513C2 (en) | 1995-11-06 |
| SE9401401D0 (en) | 1994-04-25 |
| WO1995029333A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
| CZ302296A3 (en) | 1997-02-12 |
| HU9602939D0 (en) | 1996-12-30 |
| EP0760902B1 (en) | 1999-03-24 |
| ES2129821T3 (en) | 1999-06-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6923998B2 (en) | Edge coated gaskets and method of making same | |
| US5791659A (en) | Metal gasket | |
| EP0899488B1 (en) | High-pressure compression failure resistant and high sealing gasket | |
| KR101275430B1 (en) | Metal gasket | |
| EP0851155B1 (en) | Cylinder head gasket | |
| US5354074A (en) | Metal gasket having first and second diversely vulcanized coatings | |
| CA2186629C (en) | Head gasket | |
| EP0705168B1 (en) | A compressible laminate and its use | |
| EP0770803B1 (en) | A gasket | |
| GB1567407A (en) | Cylinder-head gasket for internal combustion engines | |
| US7771817B2 (en) | Gasket material | |
| Percival et al. | Non-asbestos gasket engineering | |
| JP4069344B2 (en) | Metal gasket | |
| WO2001002714A1 (en) | Mls gasket having multi-layer seal coating and method of manufacture | |
| Berner | Non-Asbestos and Asbestos Based Cylinder Head Gaskets—Differences in the Basic Design Principles |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |