CA2108716C - Knittable yarn and safety apparel - Google Patents
Knittable yarn and safety apparel Download PDFInfo
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- CA2108716C CA2108716C CA002108716A CA2108716A CA2108716C CA 2108716 C CA2108716 C CA 2108716C CA 002108716 A CA002108716 A CA 002108716A CA 2108716 A CA2108716 A CA 2108716A CA 2108716 C CA2108716 C CA 2108716C
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- Prior art keywords
- core
- cut
- fiber
- denier
- yarn
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/16—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances
- D02G3/18—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like
- D02G3/182—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure
- D02G3/187—Yarns or threads made from mineral substances from glass or the like the glass being present only in part of the structure in the sheath
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D19/00—Gloves
- A41D19/015—Protective gloves
- A41D19/01505—Protective gloves resistant to mechanical aggressions, e.g. cutting. piercing
- A41D19/01511—Protective gloves resistant to mechanical aggressions, e.g. cutting. piercing made of wire-mesh, e.g. butchers' gloves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/24—Resistant to mechanical stress, e.g. pierce-proof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/12—Threads containing metallic filaments or strips
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/442—Cut or abrasion resistant yarns or threads
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Gloves (AREA)
- Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
Abstract
A cut-resistant, machine knittable, composite yarn that utilizes a yarn or fiber strand or component of normal strength (no greater than 10 grams par denier tenacity) liquid crystal polymer, to provide a composite yarn of comparable high cut-resistance to composite yarns of similar construction that utilize high strength synthetic yarn or fiber. Also protective articles of apparel knitted from such yarn, specifically a cut-resistant protective glove.
Description
IZiPR0~7En TCTdITTAELE YARN AII1? SAFE~X hFPAREL
I'hd invention relates to yarn suitable for~ma~hine knitting and to safety garanents made with the yarn.
Cut-resistant yarn utilizing stainless steel wits strands and high strength aramid strand, such as Kevlar made by E.I Dupont de Nemours Corp., and gloves made therefrom are shown in the Byrnes e~ al. U. S. Patent No. 4,364,49 and in the Est~tcher U. S. Patent No. 4,470,251: these gloves have proven highly successful: Another fiber, ~ high strength stretched polyethylene fiber manufactt~xed anel marls~ted by Allied C~r~aorataon, Morris ~'ownship, Morris County, N. ~'. , U:S:A.,. hs;s also provided good au~t resistance when used in p~,ace of axamid fiber. ~'he Allied fiber is sold under the name spectra and is described in detail in 2~~~'~~.
U. S. Patent No. 4,413,110 to Kavesh et al. Applicant s copending application Serial No. 07/529,241 discloses and claims a cut-resistant compasite yarn utilizing a high strength yarn or fiber strand or component, made from Vectra liquid crystal polymer sold by Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina, under the name Vectran HS. That yarn or fiber has substantially the same strength as high strength aramid Mbar sold under the naane Kevlar. Heretofore, in applicant's eacperience, In normal strength fibers, when used in composite yarns, have n~t imparted as great a.cut-resistance, along with.
other desirable characteristics, as high strength fibers hava.
The present invention provicdes a cut-resistant, knittable composite yarn that utilizes a yarn or fiber strand or component of normax strength, made from Vectra Liquid crystal polymer, to provide a.composite yarn of comparable high cut-resis~mnce to composite yarns of similar construati~n that utilize high strength synthetic 20 yarn or fiber. The yarn or fiber utilized in the invention is a high ~erformanoe but normal stx~ngth multifilament yarn sold by kIoechst Celanese Corporation, Charl~tte, North Carolina, under the name vectran M.
Normal strength spun yarn made from vectra is also contemplated. For purposes of definition, normal ~~.Q~~~
I'hd invention relates to yarn suitable for~ma~hine knitting and to safety garanents made with the yarn.
Cut-resistant yarn utilizing stainless steel wits strands and high strength aramid strand, such as Kevlar made by E.I Dupont de Nemours Corp., and gloves made therefrom are shown in the Byrnes e~ al. U. S. Patent No. 4,364,49 and in the Est~tcher U. S. Patent No. 4,470,251: these gloves have proven highly successful: Another fiber, ~ high strength stretched polyethylene fiber manufactt~xed anel marls~ted by Allied C~r~aorataon, Morris ~'ownship, Morris County, N. ~'. , U:S:A.,. hs;s also provided good au~t resistance when used in p~,ace of axamid fiber. ~'he Allied fiber is sold under the name spectra and is described in detail in 2~~~'~~.
U. S. Patent No. 4,413,110 to Kavesh et al. Applicant s copending application Serial No. 07/529,241 discloses and claims a cut-resistant compasite yarn utilizing a high strength yarn or fiber strand or component, made from Vectra liquid crystal polymer sold by Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina, under the name Vectran HS. That yarn or fiber has substantially the same strength as high strength aramid Mbar sold under the naane Kevlar. Heretofore, in applicant's eacperience, In normal strength fibers, when used in composite yarns, have n~t imparted as great a.cut-resistance, along with.
other desirable characteristics, as high strength fibers hava.
The present invention provicdes a cut-resistant, knittable composite yarn that utilizes a yarn or fiber strand or component of normax strength, made from Vectra Liquid crystal polymer, to provide a.composite yarn of comparable high cut-resis~mnce to composite yarns of similar construati~n that utilize high strength synthetic 20 yarn or fiber. The yarn or fiber utilized in the invention is a high ~erformanoe but normal stx~ngth multifilament yarn sold by kIoechst Celanese Corporation, Charl~tte, North Carolina, under the name vectran M.
Normal strength spun yarn made from vectra is also contemplated. For purposes of definition, normal ~~.Q~~~
strength fibers or yarns are those Having a tenacity of no more than 10 grams per denier (gpd) and high strength yarns or fibers are those having a tenacity greater than grams pex denier, and typically 20 grams per denier or greater (e.g., ~evlar, Spectra and Vectran IiS all have a tenacity greater than 20 grams per denier). ~iigh stxength. yarns or fibers also have higher tensile modules than normal strength fibers, for example; at least 500 grams her denier.
10 Vectran M has a tenacity of about 9 grams per denier and a tensile modules of about 425 grams per denier. It has better abrasion resistance than high strength aramid fiber such as 3Cevlar and significantly better heat resistance than high strength~stretched polyethylene fiber, such as Spectra, thus overcoming a different shortcoming of each of Itevlar and Spectra for use in a out-resistant yarn used for apparel and particularly for cut-resistant gloves. At the same time, qtaite surprisingly, this normal strength synthetic material provides the substantial ad~rantages that high strength synthetic fibers such as Kevlar, spectra and Vectran HS
have over ~ther normal strength materials in terms of cut-resistance and mther ehaxacte~istics in a composite yarn. Thus, ltnit fabric suitable fox gloves and other safety garments utilizing Vectraa~ M fiber not only has comparable cut-°resistance, but also laas greater d resistance to self-abrasion than similar fabric made with aramid fiber or a combination of aramid and nylon fiber, yet is itself nonabrasive and comfortable to wear.
Further, such fabric can be laundered at high temperatures conventionally used for industrial fabrics without degrading the fabric,~as occurs with cut-resistant fabric made from yarn that includes high strength stretched polyethylene. ~n addition, vectran M
has comparable or lower elongation under lead to that of high strength fibers, which is advantageous when used in combination with a wire core strand in forming a composite yarn because it protects the wire strand from being bro%en during %nitting or other sharp bending of the composite yarn. vectran M is considerably less expensive than Vectran H~, presently about one-half the prise.
The present invention providjas out-resistant yarn suitable for machine %nitting. Preferred constructions are comprised of a core, a wrapping about the care and another, i.e:, second, wrapping about the first and wound in the opposite direction, at least one'of said core, first wrapping and second wrapping being comprised of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity of no more than 10 grams per denier. The denominations such as "first" wrapping and "second" wrapping as used above and in the claims are to differentiate plural wrappings and ~~ ~~~1~
do not alone indicate that those wrappings are necessarily the first or second relative to the core.
Advantageously, neither the core nor the wrappings need comprise a high strength synthetic fiber for the composite yarn to obtain high out-resistance. Cut-resistance can be enhanced by including a flexible metal strand i.e., wire, as part of the yarn, either as a sore element or as a wrapping.
~e preferred cut-resistant yarn suitable for machine 3cnitting constructed in accordance with the invention has a pore comprised of synthetic fiber and means bundling the core fibers a wrapping of wire about the bundled core; and two wrappings of synthetic fiber, each wound in an opposite direction over the wrapping of wire: said synthetic fiber of one of said synthetic fiber wrappings or the core or both being a liquid crystal polymer having a tenacity of no more khan l0 grams per denier. In a preferred embodiment the means bundling the core fiber comprises two relatively low denier synthetic Wrappings each wound in an opposite direction.
Another preferred construction of a cut-resistant yarn embodying the invention has a core having glass fiber, and wrappings about he core,~o~e br preferably two ~f said wrappings comprising a liquid crystal ps~lymer fiber having a tenacity of no more than 10 grams per denier. Advantageously this yarn has and other preferred 2~.0~'~~
yarns have a covering wrap of nylon or polyester.
If a high strength cut-resistant synthetic fiber is desired in the yarn along with a normal strength liquid crystal polymer fiber, a.g., to impart a characteristic not common to the normal strength liquid crystal polymer, it can be selected from, e.g., high strength aramid such as ~Cevlar 29, high strength stretched polyethylene such as spectra, and high strength liquid crystal polymer such as Ve~tran HS.
la ,~ further embodiment of the invention utalizes, in place of a strand or strands of flexible metal wire as found e.g. in the above~described embodiments, a limited number of filaments of significant denier (for example, 1 to 50 filaments of a denier of from l0 to 500 each) of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity of no greater than 10 grams per denier.
The invention further provides a cut-resistant machine-knitted article of apparel, one such article being a flexible glove, a°~ least in.part made of y2~rn 2p having a construction as referred to above.
'A glove or~other article of apparel utiliz~.ng:a pr-eferred yarn construction has not only high resistanoe to cutting, but also good wear qualities and comfort, does not take a set during use; is non-abrasive, provides a good appearance, and i~ cleanable and long wearing.
The above and other features and advantages of the ~1~~'~ ~
invention will become more apparent from the detailed description that follows.
Figure 1 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, view of a yarn embodying the present invention;
Figure 2 is ~ fragmentary, diagrammatic, view of a second yarn embodying the present inventions Figure 3 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, view of a third;yarn embodying the present invention;.
Figure 4 is a fragmen~~ry, diagrammat~.c, view of a fourth yarn embodying the'present invention;
Figure 5 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, view of a fifth yarn embodying the present invention;
Figure 6 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic view of a s-ixth yarn embodying the present invention; and Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view of an article of apparel, i.a>, a knitted glove, made of yarn embodying the present inventa.on, such as any one of the yarns shown in Figures 1 to ~:
the glove A depicted in Figrxre ~ is exemplary of a sa~etY article of appazel embodying the present invention and is a satety or prot~~tive gl~ve suitable to be worn by operatives in the food processing and other industries where sharp instruments or articles, such ~s knives, or material having sharp edges, for example, sheet metal, glass and the like, are handled, and is 2~ade of a composite multistrand yarn 8, ~, D, E, F' or G (Figures 1-6) constructed in accordance with the present invention.
The glove A has the usual finger and thumb stalls 4, 5 respectively, and a wrist part 8 incorporating an elastic thread or yarn and a cuff trim overwrapping 9. The glove is made using conventional methods and glow ~Cenitting machinery.
~rll of the yarns are constructed of a core and wrappings and fabricated using known upwinding-.
techniques. The core is a~central strand or strands that extends or extend longitudinally of the length of the yarn. The wrappings or wraps are strands wound about the core in successive turns thzit may or away not be in contact each to the next. All of the yarns utilize a strand of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier. The preferred c9ns~xuctions of the yarns embodyin~wthis invention anclude no high strength synthetic fibers such as high strength aramid, high strength stretched or extended chairs polyethylene, or high strength liquid crystal polymer, which provide only comparable cut-resistance and in many instances have disadvantages.
B~etal wire, especially fully annealed stainless steel, is utilized in several ~sP the preferred embodiments, as either a core element or as a wrapping, and could be used as both, to contribute to high cut-resistance. Number 304 stainless steel, fully annealed, which has a tensile strength of about 120,000 to 240,000 pounds per square inch, is believed to have optimum . flexibility and life. Other embodiments utilize glass fiber or a few high denier filaments of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per deniex, sometimes in lieu of metal'wire and its function. .
The ~.iquid crystal polymer fiber utilized in the embodiments of this invention and having a.tenaoity of no greater than l0 grams per denier, has a tensale strength greatex than that of stainless steel wire and an eloa~gati~n of ~~ss than that of the wire. Vectran M has an initial tensile moclulus of about X00 to 500 grams per sienier, typically 425 gams per denier. It has a tenacity (tensile stxength at br~:ak) of from 8 to 10 e~rams per denier ,typically 9, and its elongation at break is about 2.0 percent.
The overall diameter of the yarns of this invention should be no greater than 0.05 inch anel preferably no ~~:eater khan 0.03 inch to facilitate machine'knitting.
In practice; a range of from 0.005 inch to 0.35 imch will provide cut-resistant yarn of dee3rablB qualities.
One preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2 of the drawings. A yarn B suitable for being machine ?snit to forth the glove ~ comprises a core part 10 and three windings 12, 14, 16 of synthetic fiber wound about the core in oppos~.~te directions, each successive one on top of the previous one. The fact that each successive wrapping l4, 16 is in a different direction from the previous one balances the forces incident to the wrappings so the yarn has no unusual twist or tendency to coil and assists in holding the wrappings in place on the core lo" The core 1o has a~strand 18 of 900 or loo 10 deniex multifilament liquid crystal polymer fiber having a 'tenacity no greater than l0 gacams per denier, such as vectran M, and a fully annealed sta~.na~ss steel wire 20, 0.003 inch in diameter. The wrapping 12 is a strand of 440 denier multifilament ~iq~aid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than l0 grams per denier and wrapped at a rate of 8-10 turns ;per inch about the core, end the wrappings 14, 16 are eac',h 420 denier nylon wrapped at the rake of ~-1~ turns per inch, but alternatively can be polyester of that denier. Tlae use of a multifilament normal ~treng~tla lis~uid brystal polymer fiber strand, such as vectran M fiber strand, in the core is advantageous. Multi~ilament strand is very linear and slides and/or f~owr~ well relative to any other part of the core during fabricati~r~ and subsequent use of an article of apparel produced thexewi~th. The normal strength multifilament core strand, which is relatively 2~.~r~'~~~.
unstretchable, takes a great deal if not the major part of the tensile load to which the yarn is subjected during knitting. zt also appears to increase the flexibility of the core part of the yarn over an all metal sore and in turn makes the yarn more easily knit, i.e., imparts to the yarn greater knittability. ~t also improves cut-resistance. The use of znultatfilamen~ normal strength liquid crystal polymer fiber such as ~iectran Nt fiber as a wrapping contributes significantly to the cut-resistance of the yarn. The first wrapping 12 provides a desirable rigid backup surface for the outer wrappings ~.4, 16, each of which tends to fill out the valleys of the wrapping immediately therebeneath. The multifilament wrappings 9.2, 14, 16 wind flat about the core, producing a yarn with a smooth surface that aids the knitting process and that has a good appearance, a non-abrasive surface, and that provides heat resistance and maximum comfort.
Another preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2 s~f the drawings: A yarn c comprises a 20. care part 30 and multiple wrappings 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 applied one after the other and'except f~r i~he wrapping 36, each is wound helically in an opposite direction from the preceding one, which helps balance forces incident to the wrappings so the yax°n Yaas no unusuah twist or tendency to coil and assists in holding the wrappings in place on the core. The core part 30 is a raultifilament 2:~~~'f'~.~
strand of '750 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than l0 grams per denier,~such as ~ectran M. The first two wrappings are identical but wound in opposite directions about the core.30 and are each '70 denier multifilament nylon fiber and wrapped,at a rate ~f six turns per inch along the core. These two wrappings bundle the filaments of the core so they present a unified mass rather than a spreael ~ut and thinner layer of fibers to a sharp object, to which the core a~ay be exposed when the yarn is in use, and.it is believed to be more difficult to cut through such an axrangement of bundled. multiple filaments. The bundled coxe filaments also present a substantially cylindrical and desirably uniform shape abaut: which to wind subsequent wrappings. The third wrapping 36 is two (or alternatively, preferred embodimeants may use one to three) fully annealed stainless steel wires each 0.0016 inch in diameter that are togethEr wound as a strand in one direction about the core 30 aa~d the first two wrappings 32; 34 at a ~°ateof ~ burns per inch, un~.formly spaced. The length of this wire is appr~atimately 35 percent greater than the length of the core strand, and hence greater by the same amount than the length a straight core wire would b~ if eased, thereby providing an increased amount of steel'~.n the yarn over a straight core wire of the same diametex: By virtue of the helical ', shape of the wire, a knife blade or other sharp object approaching the yarn at an angle other than that of the wire helix will tend to have to cut through the wire of each composite yarn strand at more than one location, thereby meeting increased resistance over a core wire that, being straight, only interrupts the cutting path once. The fourth wrapping 38 is a 400 denier strand of Bquid crystal polymex fiber having a tenacity no greater than 1,O grams per denier, such as Vectran M, ~rrapped in zQ the opposite direction from that of the wire and the wrapping 34, with each turn directly adjacent the next to provide a substantially complete covering to the third wrapping. The fifth wrapping 40 is a strand of B40 d~nier_nylon, or alternatively polyester, fiber wrapped in the opposite direction to the fourth wrapping, with each turn directly adjacent the next to provide a substantially complete covering to the fourth wrapping.
While of relatively low cut-resistant material, the fifth wrapping adds body to the yarn and provides gold comfort 20 and ~Qel to a garment made .frown the yarn ~becaus,e the material is soft, flexible and non-ab~casive. The firiiehed dimmeter of the yarn is between 0.020 and 0.030 inch, and preferably not greater than 0.025 inch, to facilitate machine knitting on conventional knitting machines.
mother preferred embodiment of the invention is ~~~~"~1 1~
shown in Figure 3. .~ yarn D has a core strand 44 of 1500 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having 'a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier, such as Vectran M, a first and second wrapping 46, 48 each of a fully annealed stainless steel wire 0.003 inch in diameter and each wrapped in an opposite direction from the other about the core, sight turns per inch. Alternatively, one of the wire wrappings can be omitted for more flexibility where less ~ut-resistance is needed. A third wrapping 50 of X00 denier liquid caystal polymer gibex having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier, such a Vectran M, is wound about the core and wire with turns directly adjacent, each to the next, to substantially cover the core and wire. A fourth wrapping 52 of 630 denier nylon, ~r alternatively polyester, is wound about the third wrapping with turns directly adjacent; each to the next, and in an opposite direction from the turns of the third wxapping. Alternatively, the third and fourth wrappings 5a,-52, can both be of 400 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber haying a tensile modulus no greater than 10 grams peg denier, wound about the core and wire, each in an opposite direction from the other, and each with turns directly adjacent to provide a substantially complete covering, to provide greater cut-resistance, but without the softness and flexibility of the yarn having a fourth wrapping of nylon or polyester.
~.~~°"~~
Another preferred yarn E embodying the invention is shown in Figure 4. A core 56 of 600 denier glass fiber, F glass, or alternatively S glass, preferably filament, is wound with a first end's second wrapping 58, 59 each of 750 denier liquid crystal polymer f ber having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier, such as Vectran ~I, each wound in an opposite direction from the other and each with its turns directly adjacent so the first substantially covers the core and the second 10 substantially covers the first, and a third wrapping 60 of 400 denier nylon fiber br alternatively polyester fiber having-directly adjaoent turns, Another preferred yarn F embodying the invention is shown in Figure 5 and oompxises a core part 70 and three windings 72,'74, 76 of synthetic fiber wound thereon in opposite directions each successive one on top of the previous one. The fact that each successis~e wrapping 74, 76 is in a different direction from the previous one balances the forces incident'to the wrappings so the yarn has,no unusual twist or tendency o c~il and assists in holding the wrappings in place on the oore 70. The core 70 has four filaments 78 of 200 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having ~a tenacity, no greater than 10 grams per denier, such as Veotra~'M> In other preferred embodiments of similar construction, he core can have a total denier of 200 to 1500 comprised of from pne to 50 ~~~~1~
is filaments or ends, each of which has a denier of from about 4 to about 500. The use of relatively few filaments of relatively high denier, preferably at least ~0 denier each, results in a core strand~bshaving somewhat like a monofilament core and allows the liquid crystal polymer to function similarly to a steel wire core element and thereby peranits the elimination of the wire, e.g., the wire used in the embodiment of Figure 1, and without the need for another strand normal or high strength synthetic fiber of low elongation and high cut-resistance along with it, as required with a core wire to protect it from breakage., The wrapping 72 is a strand of 440 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier, such as Vectran M, and wrapped at a rate of ~-l0 turns per inch about the core, and the wrappings 74, 76 axe each 440 denier nylon wrapped at the rate of 8-12 turns per inch, but alternatively can be polyester of that denier.
Another preferred yarn G embodying the invention is shown in Figure 6 and comprises a core part 80 of 440 or 22n denier multifilament polyester fiber, two identical wrappings 82, 84 wound in opposite directions about the core 80, each of a0 denier multifila~ent nylon fiber and wrapped at a rate of six turns per inoh, to bundle the filaments ~f the core. A third wrapping~~6 is a~single strand of 0.0016 inch diameter fully annealed stainless steel wire wrapped at a rate of ~ turns per inch, uniformly spaced. A fourth-wrap ~8 is 400 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than grams per denier, such as Vectran N!, wrapped in the opposite~direction from that of the wire, with each turn directly adjacent the next to provide a substantially complete covering to the third wrapping. A fifth wrapping 90 is a strand of x.300 microdenier polyester wrapped in the opposite direction to the fourth wrapping 10 with each turn directly adjacent the next to pr~vide a substantially complete cpvering to the fourth wrapping.
The finished diameter o~ the yarn is between 0.020 and 0.030 3,nch, and preferably not greater tY~an 0.025 inch, to facilitate machine knitting on convents~nal knitting machines. The outer wrapping of microden~:er polyester provides ~ soft and comfortable feel, is readily cleanable, is attractive and has goad wear characteristics.
While specific deniers and other features of pre~srxed embodiments have been set forth; different values can be selected within acceptable xanges to~
provide useful cut-resistant yarns. The spec fie values selected will o~ couxs~ cause ~ variation in cut-resistance, flexibility, weight and thickness of the yarn and the fabric knitted therefrom, and cost. It is contemplated that the normal strength liquid crystal polymer fiber, such as Vectran M, when used in the core or as a wrapping of a yarn embodying the invention, will have a denier of from 200 to 3000, and more typically from 200 to 1500. The nylon or polyester fiber used asI
~n outer wrapping of a yarn embodying the .invention will have a denier of from 200 to 2000 and more~typically from 200 to 1500. 'When a synthetic fiber, such as nylon or polyester fiber is used as an inner wrapping to bundle the code fibers, it will have a denier of from 5o to X00 and more typically from 50 to 120. The cut-resistance of a yarn containing metal wire is in part a function of the quantity of metal wire in the yarn, and flexibility is in part a function of the diameter of the metal wire.
Multiple metal strands are advantageous for flexibility over one larger strand where increased cut-resistance is desired. ether kinds of metal wire strands, if desired for special purposes, may be used, such as aluminum, copper, bronze or steel. Stainless steel wire used as a core or wrapping will have a d3ame~~er from 0.001 to 0.0 inch aElc~ m~re ~ypioally from 0:001 to O.OOC> inch. The various wrappings aboutthe .core will have from 2 to 2~0 turns per inch. Preferably, the stainless steel wrappings will have from 2 t~ 12 turns per inch and more preferably 4 to 12, tie core-bundling wrappings will hare from 2 to 20 turns peg inch axed more preferably 4 to 20, the normal strength liquid crystal polymer fiber wrappings will have from 8 to 12 turns per inch:, and the cavering wrappings will have whatever number of turns is needed to provide adequate covering with each turn adjacent the next, typically 8 to 1,20 The depicted glove A when knit from any of the yarns ~-G is a safety glove especially advantageous for use in the food processing industries and is highly cut=
resistant ,abrasive-resistant, readily oleanable at high temperatures, comfortable to wear, nice appearing, flexible and relatively nan~absorben~, all of which~are important in food processing industries. The glove is h~.ghly chemical-resistant and fatigue resistant, and resistant to the transfer of heat or cold, is con-formable, does not acduire a set during use, is non-shrinkable, is light in weight, ~~nd provides a secure grip. At the sa~ie time, gloves 3tnit fram yarn described above using norma3 strength liqu:td crystal polyaner fibers, such as Vectra M fibers, in,pl~ce of comparable quantities of high strength synthetic fibers, ~~ovide essentially equal or in some cases better', cut-resistance over gloves knib with yarn that'utiliaes comparable quantities of high strength fiber.
While the yarn bf the invention has bean described and ahown 3ncorperated into e~ knit safety glove; it is to be understood that the yarn of the present inv~ntian can be used to make other fabrics and articles of apparel, 2~
safety or otherwise, such as wrist guards, protective sleeves, gaiters, safety aprons, etc. for use in the meat pracessing and other industries.
It is apparent from the foregoing that variations in certain of the materials and sizes of the strands employed in preferred embodiments of the invention herein described can be made, the advantages of the invention haxetofore enuanerated and'others have bean accomplished, and there have been provided an improved lcn3ttable yarn end safety articles of apparel made therewith having superior qualities. t~lhhile preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in considerable detail, various modifications or alterations maybe made therein Without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention set firth in the appended claims.
10 Vectran M has a tenacity of about 9 grams per denier and a tensile modules of about 425 grams per denier. It has better abrasion resistance than high strength aramid fiber such as 3Cevlar and significantly better heat resistance than high strength~stretched polyethylene fiber, such as Spectra, thus overcoming a different shortcoming of each of Itevlar and Spectra for use in a out-resistant yarn used for apparel and particularly for cut-resistant gloves. At the same time, qtaite surprisingly, this normal strength synthetic material provides the substantial ad~rantages that high strength synthetic fibers such as Kevlar, spectra and Vectran HS
have over ~ther normal strength materials in terms of cut-resistance and mther ehaxacte~istics in a composite yarn. Thus, ltnit fabric suitable fox gloves and other safety garments utilizing Vectraa~ M fiber not only has comparable cut-°resistance, but also laas greater d resistance to self-abrasion than similar fabric made with aramid fiber or a combination of aramid and nylon fiber, yet is itself nonabrasive and comfortable to wear.
Further, such fabric can be laundered at high temperatures conventionally used for industrial fabrics without degrading the fabric,~as occurs with cut-resistant fabric made from yarn that includes high strength stretched polyethylene. ~n addition, vectran M
has comparable or lower elongation under lead to that of high strength fibers, which is advantageous when used in combination with a wire core strand in forming a composite yarn because it protects the wire strand from being bro%en during %nitting or other sharp bending of the composite yarn. vectran M is considerably less expensive than Vectran H~, presently about one-half the prise.
The present invention providjas out-resistant yarn suitable for machine %nitting. Preferred constructions are comprised of a core, a wrapping about the care and another, i.e:, second, wrapping about the first and wound in the opposite direction, at least one'of said core, first wrapping and second wrapping being comprised of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity of no more than 10 grams per denier. The denominations such as "first" wrapping and "second" wrapping as used above and in the claims are to differentiate plural wrappings and ~~ ~~~1~
do not alone indicate that those wrappings are necessarily the first or second relative to the core.
Advantageously, neither the core nor the wrappings need comprise a high strength synthetic fiber for the composite yarn to obtain high out-resistance. Cut-resistance can be enhanced by including a flexible metal strand i.e., wire, as part of the yarn, either as a sore element or as a wrapping.
~e preferred cut-resistant yarn suitable for machine 3cnitting constructed in accordance with the invention has a pore comprised of synthetic fiber and means bundling the core fibers a wrapping of wire about the bundled core; and two wrappings of synthetic fiber, each wound in an opposite direction over the wrapping of wire: said synthetic fiber of one of said synthetic fiber wrappings or the core or both being a liquid crystal polymer having a tenacity of no more khan l0 grams per denier. In a preferred embodiment the means bundling the core fiber comprises two relatively low denier synthetic Wrappings each wound in an opposite direction.
Another preferred construction of a cut-resistant yarn embodying the invention has a core having glass fiber, and wrappings about he core,~o~e br preferably two ~f said wrappings comprising a liquid crystal ps~lymer fiber having a tenacity of no more than 10 grams per denier. Advantageously this yarn has and other preferred 2~.0~'~~
yarns have a covering wrap of nylon or polyester.
If a high strength cut-resistant synthetic fiber is desired in the yarn along with a normal strength liquid crystal polymer fiber, a.g., to impart a characteristic not common to the normal strength liquid crystal polymer, it can be selected from, e.g., high strength aramid such as ~Cevlar 29, high strength stretched polyethylene such as spectra, and high strength liquid crystal polymer such as Ve~tran HS.
la ,~ further embodiment of the invention utalizes, in place of a strand or strands of flexible metal wire as found e.g. in the above~described embodiments, a limited number of filaments of significant denier (for example, 1 to 50 filaments of a denier of from l0 to 500 each) of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity of no greater than 10 grams per denier.
The invention further provides a cut-resistant machine-knitted article of apparel, one such article being a flexible glove, a°~ least in.part made of y2~rn 2p having a construction as referred to above.
'A glove or~other article of apparel utiliz~.ng:a pr-eferred yarn construction has not only high resistanoe to cutting, but also good wear qualities and comfort, does not take a set during use; is non-abrasive, provides a good appearance, and i~ cleanable and long wearing.
The above and other features and advantages of the ~1~~'~ ~
invention will become more apparent from the detailed description that follows.
Figure 1 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, view of a yarn embodying the present invention;
Figure 2 is ~ fragmentary, diagrammatic, view of a second yarn embodying the present inventions Figure 3 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, view of a third;yarn embodying the present invention;.
Figure 4 is a fragmen~~ry, diagrammat~.c, view of a fourth yarn embodying the'present invention;
Figure 5 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, view of a fifth yarn embodying the present invention;
Figure 6 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic view of a s-ixth yarn embodying the present invention; and Figure 7 is a diagrammatic view of an article of apparel, i.a>, a knitted glove, made of yarn embodying the present inventa.on, such as any one of the yarns shown in Figures 1 to ~:
the glove A depicted in Figrxre ~ is exemplary of a sa~etY article of appazel embodying the present invention and is a satety or prot~~tive gl~ve suitable to be worn by operatives in the food processing and other industries where sharp instruments or articles, such ~s knives, or material having sharp edges, for example, sheet metal, glass and the like, are handled, and is 2~ade of a composite multistrand yarn 8, ~, D, E, F' or G (Figures 1-6) constructed in accordance with the present invention.
The glove A has the usual finger and thumb stalls 4, 5 respectively, and a wrist part 8 incorporating an elastic thread or yarn and a cuff trim overwrapping 9. The glove is made using conventional methods and glow ~Cenitting machinery.
~rll of the yarns are constructed of a core and wrappings and fabricated using known upwinding-.
techniques. The core is a~central strand or strands that extends or extend longitudinally of the length of the yarn. The wrappings or wraps are strands wound about the core in successive turns thzit may or away not be in contact each to the next. All of the yarns utilize a strand of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier. The preferred c9ns~xuctions of the yarns embodyin~wthis invention anclude no high strength synthetic fibers such as high strength aramid, high strength stretched or extended chairs polyethylene, or high strength liquid crystal polymer, which provide only comparable cut-resistance and in many instances have disadvantages.
B~etal wire, especially fully annealed stainless steel, is utilized in several ~sP the preferred embodiments, as either a core element or as a wrapping, and could be used as both, to contribute to high cut-resistance. Number 304 stainless steel, fully annealed, which has a tensile strength of about 120,000 to 240,000 pounds per square inch, is believed to have optimum . flexibility and life. Other embodiments utilize glass fiber or a few high denier filaments of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per deniex, sometimes in lieu of metal'wire and its function. .
The ~.iquid crystal polymer fiber utilized in the embodiments of this invention and having a.tenaoity of no greater than l0 grams per denier, has a tensale strength greatex than that of stainless steel wire and an eloa~gati~n of ~~ss than that of the wire. Vectran M has an initial tensile moclulus of about X00 to 500 grams per sienier, typically 425 gams per denier. It has a tenacity (tensile stxength at br~:ak) of from 8 to 10 e~rams per denier ,typically 9, and its elongation at break is about 2.0 percent.
The overall diameter of the yarns of this invention should be no greater than 0.05 inch anel preferably no ~~:eater khan 0.03 inch to facilitate machine'knitting.
In practice; a range of from 0.005 inch to 0.35 imch will provide cut-resistant yarn of dee3rablB qualities.
One preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2 of the drawings. A yarn B suitable for being machine ?snit to forth the glove ~ comprises a core part 10 and three windings 12, 14, 16 of synthetic fiber wound about the core in oppos~.~te directions, each successive one on top of the previous one. The fact that each successive wrapping l4, 16 is in a different direction from the previous one balances the forces incident to the wrappings so the yarn has no unusual twist or tendency to coil and assists in holding the wrappings in place on the core lo" The core 1o has a~strand 18 of 900 or loo 10 deniex multifilament liquid crystal polymer fiber having a 'tenacity no greater than l0 gacams per denier, such as vectran M, and a fully annealed sta~.na~ss steel wire 20, 0.003 inch in diameter. The wrapping 12 is a strand of 440 denier multifilament ~iq~aid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than l0 grams per denier and wrapped at a rate of 8-10 turns ;per inch about the core, end the wrappings 14, 16 are eac',h 420 denier nylon wrapped at the rake of ~-1~ turns per inch, but alternatively can be polyester of that denier. Tlae use of a multifilament normal ~treng~tla lis~uid brystal polymer fiber strand, such as vectran M fiber strand, in the core is advantageous. Multi~ilament strand is very linear and slides and/or f~owr~ well relative to any other part of the core during fabricati~r~ and subsequent use of an article of apparel produced thexewi~th. The normal strength multifilament core strand, which is relatively 2~.~r~'~~~.
unstretchable, takes a great deal if not the major part of the tensile load to which the yarn is subjected during knitting. zt also appears to increase the flexibility of the core part of the yarn over an all metal sore and in turn makes the yarn more easily knit, i.e., imparts to the yarn greater knittability. ~t also improves cut-resistance. The use of znultatfilamen~ normal strength liquid crystal polymer fiber such as ~iectran Nt fiber as a wrapping contributes significantly to the cut-resistance of the yarn. The first wrapping 12 provides a desirable rigid backup surface for the outer wrappings ~.4, 16, each of which tends to fill out the valleys of the wrapping immediately therebeneath. The multifilament wrappings 9.2, 14, 16 wind flat about the core, producing a yarn with a smooth surface that aids the knitting process and that has a good appearance, a non-abrasive surface, and that provides heat resistance and maximum comfort.
Another preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2 s~f the drawings: A yarn c comprises a 20. care part 30 and multiple wrappings 32, 34, 36, 38 and 40 applied one after the other and'except f~r i~he wrapping 36, each is wound helically in an opposite direction from the preceding one, which helps balance forces incident to the wrappings so the yax°n Yaas no unusuah twist or tendency to coil and assists in holding the wrappings in place on the core. The core part 30 is a raultifilament 2:~~~'f'~.~
strand of '750 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than l0 grams per denier,~such as ~ectran M. The first two wrappings are identical but wound in opposite directions about the core.30 and are each '70 denier multifilament nylon fiber and wrapped,at a rate ~f six turns per inch along the core. These two wrappings bundle the filaments of the core so they present a unified mass rather than a spreael ~ut and thinner layer of fibers to a sharp object, to which the core a~ay be exposed when the yarn is in use, and.it is believed to be more difficult to cut through such an axrangement of bundled. multiple filaments. The bundled coxe filaments also present a substantially cylindrical and desirably uniform shape abaut: which to wind subsequent wrappings. The third wrapping 36 is two (or alternatively, preferred embodimeants may use one to three) fully annealed stainless steel wires each 0.0016 inch in diameter that are togethEr wound as a strand in one direction about the core 30 aa~d the first two wrappings 32; 34 at a ~°ateof ~ burns per inch, un~.formly spaced. The length of this wire is appr~atimately 35 percent greater than the length of the core strand, and hence greater by the same amount than the length a straight core wire would b~ if eased, thereby providing an increased amount of steel'~.n the yarn over a straight core wire of the same diametex: By virtue of the helical ', shape of the wire, a knife blade or other sharp object approaching the yarn at an angle other than that of the wire helix will tend to have to cut through the wire of each composite yarn strand at more than one location, thereby meeting increased resistance over a core wire that, being straight, only interrupts the cutting path once. The fourth wrapping 38 is a 400 denier strand of Bquid crystal polymex fiber having a tenacity no greater than 1,O grams per denier, such as Vectran M, ~rrapped in zQ the opposite direction from that of the wire and the wrapping 34, with each turn directly adjacent the next to provide a substantially complete covering to the third wrapping. The fifth wrapping 40 is a strand of B40 d~nier_nylon, or alternatively polyester, fiber wrapped in the opposite direction to the fourth wrapping, with each turn directly adjacent the next to provide a substantially complete covering to the fourth wrapping.
While of relatively low cut-resistant material, the fifth wrapping adds body to the yarn and provides gold comfort 20 and ~Qel to a garment made .frown the yarn ~becaus,e the material is soft, flexible and non-ab~casive. The firiiehed dimmeter of the yarn is between 0.020 and 0.030 inch, and preferably not greater than 0.025 inch, to facilitate machine knitting on conventional knitting machines.
mother preferred embodiment of the invention is ~~~~"~1 1~
shown in Figure 3. .~ yarn D has a core strand 44 of 1500 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having 'a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier, such as Vectran M, a first and second wrapping 46, 48 each of a fully annealed stainless steel wire 0.003 inch in diameter and each wrapped in an opposite direction from the other about the core, sight turns per inch. Alternatively, one of the wire wrappings can be omitted for more flexibility where less ~ut-resistance is needed. A third wrapping 50 of X00 denier liquid caystal polymer gibex having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier, such a Vectran M, is wound about the core and wire with turns directly adjacent, each to the next, to substantially cover the core and wire. A fourth wrapping 52 of 630 denier nylon, ~r alternatively polyester, is wound about the third wrapping with turns directly adjacent; each to the next, and in an opposite direction from the turns of the third wxapping. Alternatively, the third and fourth wrappings 5a,-52, can both be of 400 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber haying a tensile modulus no greater than 10 grams peg denier, wound about the core and wire, each in an opposite direction from the other, and each with turns directly adjacent to provide a substantially complete covering, to provide greater cut-resistance, but without the softness and flexibility of the yarn having a fourth wrapping of nylon or polyester.
~.~~°"~~
Another preferred yarn E embodying the invention is shown in Figure 4. A core 56 of 600 denier glass fiber, F glass, or alternatively S glass, preferably filament, is wound with a first end's second wrapping 58, 59 each of 750 denier liquid crystal polymer f ber having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier, such as Vectran ~I, each wound in an opposite direction from the other and each with its turns directly adjacent so the first substantially covers the core and the second 10 substantially covers the first, and a third wrapping 60 of 400 denier nylon fiber br alternatively polyester fiber having-directly adjaoent turns, Another preferred yarn F embodying the invention is shown in Figure 5 and oompxises a core part 70 and three windings 72,'74, 76 of synthetic fiber wound thereon in opposite directions each successive one on top of the previous one. The fact that each successis~e wrapping 74, 76 is in a different direction from the previous one balances the forces incident'to the wrappings so the yarn has,no unusual twist or tendency o c~il and assists in holding the wrappings in place on the oore 70. The core 70 has four filaments 78 of 200 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having ~a tenacity, no greater than 10 grams per denier, such as Veotra~'M> In other preferred embodiments of similar construction, he core can have a total denier of 200 to 1500 comprised of from pne to 50 ~~~~1~
is filaments or ends, each of which has a denier of from about 4 to about 500. The use of relatively few filaments of relatively high denier, preferably at least ~0 denier each, results in a core strand~bshaving somewhat like a monofilament core and allows the liquid crystal polymer to function similarly to a steel wire core element and thereby peranits the elimination of the wire, e.g., the wire used in the embodiment of Figure 1, and without the need for another strand normal or high strength synthetic fiber of low elongation and high cut-resistance along with it, as required with a core wire to protect it from breakage., The wrapping 72 is a strand of 440 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than 10 grams per denier, such as Vectran M, and wrapped at a rate of ~-l0 turns per inch about the core, and the wrappings 74, 76 axe each 440 denier nylon wrapped at the rate of 8-12 turns per inch, but alternatively can be polyester of that denier.
Another preferred yarn G embodying the invention is shown in Figure 6 and comprises a core part 80 of 440 or 22n denier multifilament polyester fiber, two identical wrappings 82, 84 wound in opposite directions about the core 80, each of a0 denier multifila~ent nylon fiber and wrapped at a rate of six turns per inoh, to bundle the filaments ~f the core. A third wrapping~~6 is a~single strand of 0.0016 inch diameter fully annealed stainless steel wire wrapped at a rate of ~ turns per inch, uniformly spaced. A fourth-wrap ~8 is 400 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity no greater than grams per denier, such as Vectran N!, wrapped in the opposite~direction from that of the wire, with each turn directly adjacent the next to provide a substantially complete covering to the third wrapping. A fifth wrapping 90 is a strand of x.300 microdenier polyester wrapped in the opposite direction to the fourth wrapping 10 with each turn directly adjacent the next to pr~vide a substantially complete cpvering to the fourth wrapping.
The finished diameter o~ the yarn is between 0.020 and 0.030 3,nch, and preferably not greater tY~an 0.025 inch, to facilitate machine knitting on convents~nal knitting machines. The outer wrapping of microden~:er polyester provides ~ soft and comfortable feel, is readily cleanable, is attractive and has goad wear characteristics.
While specific deniers and other features of pre~srxed embodiments have been set forth; different values can be selected within acceptable xanges to~
provide useful cut-resistant yarns. The spec fie values selected will o~ couxs~ cause ~ variation in cut-resistance, flexibility, weight and thickness of the yarn and the fabric knitted therefrom, and cost. It is contemplated that the normal strength liquid crystal polymer fiber, such as Vectran M, when used in the core or as a wrapping of a yarn embodying the invention, will have a denier of from 200 to 3000, and more typically from 200 to 1500. The nylon or polyester fiber used asI
~n outer wrapping of a yarn embodying the .invention will have a denier of from 200 to 2000 and more~typically from 200 to 1500. 'When a synthetic fiber, such as nylon or polyester fiber is used as an inner wrapping to bundle the code fibers, it will have a denier of from 5o to X00 and more typically from 50 to 120. The cut-resistance of a yarn containing metal wire is in part a function of the quantity of metal wire in the yarn, and flexibility is in part a function of the diameter of the metal wire.
Multiple metal strands are advantageous for flexibility over one larger strand where increased cut-resistance is desired. ether kinds of metal wire strands, if desired for special purposes, may be used, such as aluminum, copper, bronze or steel. Stainless steel wire used as a core or wrapping will have a d3ame~~er from 0.001 to 0.0 inch aElc~ m~re ~ypioally from 0:001 to O.OOC> inch. The various wrappings aboutthe .core will have from 2 to 2~0 turns per inch. Preferably, the stainless steel wrappings will have from 2 t~ 12 turns per inch and more preferably 4 to 12, tie core-bundling wrappings will hare from 2 to 20 turns peg inch axed more preferably 4 to 20, the normal strength liquid crystal polymer fiber wrappings will have from 8 to 12 turns per inch:, and the cavering wrappings will have whatever number of turns is needed to provide adequate covering with each turn adjacent the next, typically 8 to 1,20 The depicted glove A when knit from any of the yarns ~-G is a safety glove especially advantageous for use in the food processing industries and is highly cut=
resistant ,abrasive-resistant, readily oleanable at high temperatures, comfortable to wear, nice appearing, flexible and relatively nan~absorben~, all of which~are important in food processing industries. The glove is h~.ghly chemical-resistant and fatigue resistant, and resistant to the transfer of heat or cold, is con-formable, does not acduire a set during use, is non-shrinkable, is light in weight, ~~nd provides a secure grip. At the sa~ie time, gloves 3tnit fram yarn described above using norma3 strength liqu:td crystal polyaner fibers, such as Vectra M fibers, in,pl~ce of comparable quantities of high strength synthetic fibers, ~~ovide essentially equal or in some cases better', cut-resistance over gloves knib with yarn that'utiliaes comparable quantities of high strength fiber.
While the yarn bf the invention has bean described and ahown 3ncorperated into e~ knit safety glove; it is to be understood that the yarn of the present inv~ntian can be used to make other fabrics and articles of apparel, 2~
safety or otherwise, such as wrist guards, protective sleeves, gaiters, safety aprons, etc. for use in the meat pracessing and other industries.
It is apparent from the foregoing that variations in certain of the materials and sizes of the strands employed in preferred embodiments of the invention herein described can be made, the advantages of the invention haxetofore enuanerated and'others have bean accomplished, and there have been provided an improved lcn3ttable yarn end safety articles of apparel made therewith having superior qualities. t~lhhile preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in considerable detail, various modifications or alterations maybe made therein Without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention set firth in the appended claims.
Claims (21)
1. A cut-resistant yarn suitable for machine knitting, comprising a core, one wrapping about the core and another wrapping about the one, at least one of said core and two wrappings being comprised of liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity of at most 10 grams per denier.
2. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 1 wherein the core is comprised of said liquid crystal polymer fiber.
3. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 1 or 2 wherein at least one of the wrappings is comprised of said liquid crystal polymer fiber.
4. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in any one of the preceding claims including a flexible metal strand having a diameter of from 0.001 to 0.010 inch.
5. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 4 wherein the metal strand is a core element.
6. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 4 wherein the metal strand is a wrapping.
7. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 1 wherein a flexible metal strand and a fiber strand comprise the core.
8. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in any one of the preceding claims including at least one additional wrapping of synthetic fiber having a tenacity of at most 10 grams per denier.
9. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 8 wherein the metal strand is annealed stainless steel of a diameter from 0.001 to 0.006 inch, the liquid crystal polymer fiber has a denier of from 200 to 3000, and each of the additional wrappings of synthetic fiber has a denier of from 200 to 1500.
10. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 1 wherein the core is comprised of synthetic fiber, means bundling the core fiber, a wrapping of wire about the bundled core, and wherein the two wrappings are of synthetic fiber each wound in an opposite direction over the wrapping of wire.
11. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 10 wherein the core is comprised of a liquid crystal polymer having a tenacity of at most 10 grams per denier and a denier of from 200 to 3000, said means bundling the core fiber comprises two wraps of fiber having a denier of from 70 to 120, said wrapping of wire comprises at least one strand of stainless steel each having a diameter of from 0.001 to 0.006 inch, and one of said two wrappings of synthetic fiber is a liquid crystal polymer having a tenacity of at most 10 grams per denier and a denier of from 200 to 1500.
12. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 10 wherein the fiber of at least one of said two wrappings is selected from the group consisting of a liquid crystal polymer, an aramid, a high strength stretched polyethylene, a polyester, and a nylon.
13. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 1 wherein the core is at least partially glass fiber and at least one of said wrappings about the core includes a liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity of at most 10 grams per denier.
14. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 13 wherein the glass fiber has a denier of from 400 to 1500 and a further wrapping is selected from the group consisting of polyester and nylon, said wrappings each having a denier of from 200 to 1500.
15. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 1 wherein the core is 200 to 2000 denier comprised of synthetic fibers, the core fiber are retained in a bundle, one of said wrappings has a maximum diameter of 0.010 inch and is selected from the group consisting of metal wire and glass fiber, wrapped two to twelve turns per inch about the core, another wrapping is of 200 to 3000 denier liquid crystal polymer fiber having a tenacity of at most 10 grams per denier with turns directly adjacent each other; and a further wrapping is provided of 200 to 2000 denier synthetic fiber with turns directly adjacent each other.
16. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 15 wherein the core fibers are retained in a bundle by two wrappings of synthetic fiber each having a denier of at least 50 and wrapped directly about the core fibers at least two turns per inch.
17. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 2 wherein the core fiber is formed of from 1 to 50 filaments.
18. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in claim 17 wherein the core is wire free and each core filament has a denier of from 10 to 500.
19. A cut-resistant yarn as set forth in any one of the preceding claims wherein the outer wrapping is of microdenier nylon.
20. A yarn as set forth in any one of claims 1-19, knitted to form an article of protective apparel.
21. A yarn as set forth in claim 20 wherein the article is a cut-resistant protective glove.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US96820992A | 1992-10-29 | 1992-10-29 | |
| US07/968,209 | 1992-10-29 |
Publications (2)
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| CA2108716A1 CA2108716A1 (en) | 1994-04-30 |
| CA2108716C true CA2108716C (en) | 2005-01-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002108716A Expired - Fee Related CA2108716C (en) | 1992-10-29 | 1993-10-19 | Knittable yarn and safety apparel |
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| EP (1) | EP0595320B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06192928A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2108716C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69313238T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2105042T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9306729A (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6826898B1 (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 2004-12-07 | Wells Lamont Industry Group | Knittable yarn and safety apparel |
| US5721179A (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1998-02-24 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Cut resistant fabric, apparel, and yarn |
| US5822791A (en) * | 1996-06-24 | 1998-10-20 | Whizard Protective Wear Corp | Protective material and method |
| US5927060A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 1999-07-27 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Electrically conductive yarn |
| US6381940B1 (en) * | 2000-04-19 | 2002-05-07 | Supreme Elastic Corporation | Multi-component yarn and method of making the same |
| US6363703B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2002-04-02 | Supreme Elastic Corporation | Wire wrapped composite yarn |
| FR2818503B1 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-06-20 | Lebon Prot Ind | PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AGAINST KNITTING CUT IN COATED GLASS FILAMENT |
| JP4785291B2 (en) * | 2001-07-31 | 2011-10-05 | 東京瓦斯株式会社 | Pipeline closure |
| FR2834522B1 (en) * | 2002-01-10 | 2005-05-13 | Schappe Sa | CUT-RESISTANT WIRE, IN PARTICULAR FOR CARRYING PROTECTIVE CLOTHING |
| WO2007015333A1 (en) * | 2005-08-01 | 2007-02-08 | Showa Glove Co. | Composite fiber and cut-resistant gloves made by using the same |
| US10570538B2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2020-02-25 | Nathaniel H. Kolmes | Cut, slash and/or abrasion resistant protective fabric and lightweight protective garment made therefrom |
| US8181438B2 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2012-05-22 | Pure Fishing, Inc. | Composite fishing line |
| JP2019194379A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-07 | 豊 備酒 | Strong yarn and knitted or woven fabric having resistance to cutting |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4912781A (en) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-04-03 | Robins Steven D | Cut resistant yarn construction and body protective apparel |
| CA2043062C (en) * | 1990-05-25 | 2001-12-11 | Joseph Hummel | Knittable yarn and safety apparel |
| DE69205848T2 (en) * | 1991-02-06 | 1996-07-04 | Bettcher Industries | Improved yarn and protective clothing. |
-
1993
- 1993-10-19 CA CA002108716A patent/CA2108716C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-10-28 ES ES93117497T patent/ES2105042T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-28 EP EP93117497A patent/EP0595320B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-28 MX MX9306729A patent/MX9306729A/en unknown
- 1993-10-28 DE DE69313238T patent/DE69313238T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-10-28 JP JP27021293A patent/JPH06192928A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06192928A (en) | 1994-07-12 |
| CA2108716A1 (en) | 1994-04-30 |
| EP0595320B1 (en) | 1997-08-20 |
| DE69313238T2 (en) | 1998-03-05 |
| MX9306729A (en) | 1994-04-29 |
| DE69313238D1 (en) | 1997-09-25 |
| EP0595320A1 (en) | 1994-05-04 |
| ES2105042T3 (en) | 1997-10-16 |
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| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
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