CA1200133A

CA1200133A - Paving stone

Info

Publication number: CA1200133A
Application number: CA000432849A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Peter Kluska
Original assignee: Dyckerhoff and Widmann AG
Current assignee: Walter Bau AG
Priority date: 1982-07-22
Filing date: 1983-07-20
Publication date: 1986-02-04
Also published as: BE895100A; NL8302376A; AT387051B; IT8353578V0; GB2123877B; IT1162928B; IT8367793A0; ES273703U; FR2530692A1; FR2530692B3; GB8319112D0; DE3227420A1; GB2123877A; DE3227420C2; JPS5934304A; ES273703Y; ATA254783A; CH661304A5; JPH0151602B2

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A paving stone has an approximately square base with a pair of opposite first sides and a pair of opposite second sides extending upwardly from the edges of the base. The first sides are planar while each second side includes two partial faces each inclined outwardly from a vertical plane extending through the vertical corner edges of the second side. The two partial faces intersect in the vertical central edge located in the plane of symmetry of the paving stone extending between the opposite second sides.
The corner edges of the paving stone extend vertically from the base for a portion of the height of the stone and then are bent angularly inwardly for the remainder of the height. The upper part of each first side and second side has a pair of triangular gusset-like surfaces inclined from the vertical and each is defined by the inwardly inclined part of a corner edge, by a section of the edge of the top face of the paving stone and by a line extending between the upper part of the vertically extending section of the corner edge and the upper end of the corresponding central edge.
Accordingly, the edges of the top face form an octagonally shaped boundary.
Due to the central edge formed by the intersection of the partial faces of the second sides which extend for the full height of the paving stone and the upwardly extending planar surfaces of the partial faces which extend for the full height of the paving stone at least along the central edge, adjacent stones in a row have the greatest possible contact along the central edges or partial faces for the transmission force within a row or in a plurality of adjacent rows. The center line of the rows can be rectilinear or curvilinear.

Description

~0133 The present invention is directed to a paving stone formed of concrete or other substance capable of setting and the stone has an approximately square base. The invention is also directed to a pavement made up of a number of such stones.
Road and walkway construction in public and private outdoor installations, such as in parks and the like, tend predominantly toward free forms and curved lines. Apart from circular stones, rectangular or square paving stones can be used for curved line patterns only if they are laid abutting diagonally at their vertical edges. Such stones are not intended for this purpose and, due to their form and function, they often have technical shortcomings, such as tlle necessity of subsequently filling open joints, trimming or cutting stones to a desired shape, and the like.
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a paving stone which permits such stones to be laid not only in parallel rectilinear rows but also in curvilinear rows without any loss of mutual contact of the individual stones in the paving plane.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a paving stone formed of concrete or other substance capable of setting and having a top face and an approximately square base witll four corners, four vertical corner edges each extending upwardly from a different one of the corners of said base, a pair of planar parallel vertically extending opposite first sides and a pair of opposite second sides extending upwardly from said base and between said pair of first sides, each said second side having a pair of partial faces extending vertically up~Yardly from said base with each partial face inclined outwardly from a vertical plane extending through the pair of corner edges at the opposite vertical edges of said second side containing ~2~0:~33 said partial faces, said partial faces intersecting along a vertical central edge located in a vertical plane of symmetry of said paving stone extending between said second sides, each said corner edge having a first corner edge section extending vertically from said base for a portion of the height of said paving stone and a second corner edge section inclined inwardly from the vertical from the upper end of said first corner edge section to said top face, said top face having an octagonally sllaped boundary witl- a pair of top edge sections forming the intersection between said top face and each of said firsc and second sides, each of said top edge sections angularly disposed to the other top edge section along the intersection betl~een each of said first sides and second sides with said top face, each of said first sides and second sides upwardly from said first corner edge sections having a pair of triangularly shaped gusset-like surfaces Wit]l each said gusset-like surface defined along a first side by one of said second corner edge sections, along a second side by one of said top edge sections and along a third side by a line extending between the upper end of said first corner edge section and the intersection of said top edge sections along the intersection between said top face and the one of said first and second sides on which said gusset-like section is located. Preferably, the upwardly extending corner edges of the stone are inclined in~ardly for approximately half of the height of the stone.
Further, the invention is directed to a pavement constructed with such paving stones with tlle individual stones laid in parallel rows 50 that adjacent stones in a row are in contact along the vertical central edges between the partial faces of the stones and the stones in adjacent rows are in contact with one another along the upwardly extending sides which llave full planar faces.
The basic concept of the paving stone according to the present invention is to provide the stone, as it were, with a pivot point. This pivot point or pivot line is formed by the vertical central edge defined between the outwardly inclined partial faces on two opposi~ely disposed side faces of the stone. With such a construction, adjacent stones are always in contact at the same location when placed in a row and this is true whether the cen-ter line of the row is rectilinear or curvilinear.
Accordingly3 a center line or central axis is formed in the row or in the cas0 of multiple rows, the center lines extend parallel. Stones fomned in this manner permit practically any curvature in accordance with different size variations of the stone.
An essential feature of the paving stone embodying the present invention is that the vertical central edges in two of the opposite sides of the stone extend for substantially the full height of the stone, thereby providing a contact edge for the full height of the pavement, while the other two side faces also extend for the full height of the stone at least in the central reg.ion of these faces beh~een their corner edges. As a result, adjacent stones have the largest possible contact edges or surfaces for the transmission of force not only within a single row, but also for the stones of adjacent rows.
Due to the inwardly inclined gusset~ e surfaces in the upper region of each of the sides of the paving stone, the stones offer a uniformly pleasing appearance when arranged in different laying patterns. With the inwardly inclined or bevelled arrangement of the upper portion of the vertical corner edges, the edges of the gusset-l.ike surface are formed between these stones affording different opening widt}ls of the joint. Due to the shaped configuration of the paving stone, a balanced harmony is afforded for the individual stones which do not have any hard right-angle corners. This is of particular importance especially when the stones are assembled as a pavement surface. In addition~ the pattern of the joints varies due to the curvature of the rows; however, such pattern always follows a certain uniform arrangement. The joints formed by the paving stones are a part of the pavement and of its appearance; however, they also afford a flowing transition to planted areas along the pavement so that grass can grow in the joints.
~le various features of novelty which characteri~e the invelltloll are pointed out with particularlty in the claims anne~ed to and orming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its use, reference sllould be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there are illustrated and described preferred embodiments of the invention.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a paving stone embodying tlle present invention;
Figure 2 is a vertical side view taken in the direction II-II in Figure l;
Figure 3 is a vertical side view taken in the direction III-III in Figure l;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the paving stone shown in Figure l; and 0~33 Figures 5 and 6 are schematic plan details o~ a pavement ormed by the paving stones embodying the present invention.
In the drawing, a paving stone 1, formed of concrete, has an approximately square base, note Figure 1. n~O opposite edges 2, 3 oE the base 4 are parallel while the other two opposed edges 5, 6 are inclined outwardly as compared to a straight line extending between the corresponding ends of the edges 2, 3. Accordingly, the edges 5, 6 each have two edge sections 5', 5" , and 6', 6" which intersect at the point 7 located on the plane of symmetry S-S of the stone 1, note Figure 1. The plane of symmetry S-S extends betweetl the opposite edges 5, 6 of the base o the stone 1, note Figure 1. The ~asic construction o the stone 1 is limited in thc vertical directioTI by vertically extending first side faces 8 havillg approximately the form o a gabled surface with the first side aces extending upwardly from the opposite edges 2, 3 of the base 4. The other sides of the s~one 1 are defined by second face surfaces each having a pair of partial ~aces 9, 10 having a shed-like configuration. Partial face 9 extends vertically upwardly from the partial edge 5' and partial ~ace 10 extends vertically upwardly from the partial edge 5" of the base edge 5. The outwardly inclined partial faces 9, 10 intersect along a vertical central edge 11 extending vertically upwardly from the intersection point 7 of the partial edges 5', 5" , note Figures 3 and 4. The side faces 8 and the partial aces 9, 10 intersect at the corners of the stone along vertical corner edges 12.
The corner edges 12 extend vertically for a portion of ~he height of the stone to a point 13, note Figure 4, which is located approximately at the midpoint in the height of the stone. Above the point 13, the corner ~Z00~1L33 edge is inclined from the vertical inwardly to one of the upper corners 14 of the top surface 15 of the stone. As can be seen in Figures 1 and 4, the peripheral boundary or edges of the top surface 15 of the stone define a regular octagon. Due to the inwardly inclined corner edge sections 12' of the stone, triangular gusset-like surfaces 16 are formed in the upper regions of each of the side faces 8 and 9, 10. Each triangular gusset is fornled along one side by the inwardly inclined corner edge section 12' and another edge is formed by one of the edges of the top surface 15 of the stone.
The third side of each gusset is formed in the side faces 8 by lines extending between the pOillt 13 ~here the upper corner edge section 12' con~lences and extends Wit}l an upl~ard inclination to the midpoint 21 along tlle corresponding edge of the top surface of the side face. On the partial faces 9, 10 an oblique line 18 extends between the point 13 and the point of intersectlon 19 of the central edge 11 with the top surface 15 of the stone. The triangularly shaped gusset-like surfaces on the sides with the partial faces intersect at point 19 where the central edge 11 meets the surface edges 20 of the top surface or for the side faces 8 at the center 21 of the surface edges 22 of the top surace. The surface edges 20, 22 are chamered at 23 for easier removal o the stone Erom a mold during manuEacture and to create a more pleasing appearance ~hen the paving stone is used in the formation of a pavement.
In the schematic illustrations in Figures 5 and 6, it is shown hol~ the paving stones embodying the present invention can be laid with the stones 1 displayed in straight or rectilinear rows in Figure 5 and in curvilinear rows in Figure 6. In Figure 5, the center line or central axis M
extends through the central edges 11. The individual stones are in contact with one another along the central edges 11 so that a regular network o~
opening and closing joints 24 is formed. There~ore, the central edges 11 dcfine pivot points or lines and the stones can also be arranged so that the central axis M is curvilinear as shown in Figure 6. In the extreme case shown in Figure 6, the partial faces 9, 10 of the stones are in abutting relation along with the central edges 11. The configuration o~ the stones is exaggerated in Figures 5 and 6 as compared to Figure 1.
As can be seen in Figure 5, the joints in adjacent rows o the paving stones can be offset. A typical paving stone measures approximately 16 centimeters along each side and the stone has a height o 10 centillleters.
Thirty-nine stones cover an area of one square meter.

Claims

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A paving stone formed of concrete or other substance capable of setting and having a top face and an approximately square base with four corners, four vertical corner edges each extending upwardly from a different one of the corners of said base, a pair of planar parallel vertically extending opposite first sides and a pair of opposite second sides extending upwardly from said base and between said pair of first sides, each said second side having a pair of partial faces extending vertically upwardly from said base with each partial face inclined outwardly from a vertical plane extending through the pair of corner edges at the opposite vertical edges of said second side containing said partial faces, said partial faces intersecting along a vertical central edge located in a vertical plane of symmetry of said paving stone extending between said second sides, each said corner edge having a first corner edge section extending vertically from said base for a portion of the height of said paving stone and a second corner edge section inclined inwardly from the vertical from the upper end of said first corner edge section to said top face, said top face having an octagonally shaped boundary with a pair of top edge sections forming the intersection between said top face and each of said first and second sides, each of said top edge sections angularly disposed to the other top edge section along the intersection between each of said first sides and second sides with said top face, each of said first sides and second sides upwardly from said first corner edge sections having a pair of triangularly shaped gusset-like surfaces with each said gusset-like surface defined along a first side by one of said second corner edge sections, along a second side by one of said top edge sections and along a third side by a line extending between the upper end of said first corner edge section and the intersection of said top edge sections along the intersection between said top face and the one of said first and second sides on which said gusset-like section is located.

2. Paving stone, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first corner edge sections extend for approximately half of the height of said stone.

3. Paving stone, as set forth in claim 1, wherein the top edge sections of said top face are chamfered.

4. Paving stone, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said vertical central edges extend for the full height of said stone between said base and said top face.

5. A pavement formed of paving stones as set forth in claim 1, wherein said stones are laid in parallel rows so that adjacent said stones in one row are in contact along the vertical central edges of said partial faces and said stones in adjacent rows are in contact along said first faces.

6. Pavement, as set forth in claim 5, wherein each said row extends along a rectilinear center line located in the plane of symmetry of said stones.

7. Pavement, as set forth in claim 5, wherein said stones in each said row are located along a curvilinear center line with the center line in each said stone being located in said plane of symmetry of said paving stone.