CA1167507A - Electric heating panels - Google Patents
Electric heating panelsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1167507A CA1167507A CA000371601A CA371601A CA1167507A CA 1167507 A CA1167507 A CA 1167507A CA 000371601 A CA000371601 A CA 000371601A CA 371601 A CA371601 A CA 371601A CA 1167507 A CA1167507 A CA 1167507A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- layers
- adhesive
- electric heating
- heating element
- hot melt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
- A47G9/02—Bed linen; Blankets; Counterpanes
- A47G9/0207—Blankets; Duvets
- A47G9/0215—Blankets; Duvets with cooling or heating means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/16—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer formed of particles, e.g. chips, powder or granules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
- B32B37/1207—Heat-activated adhesive
- B32B2037/1215—Hot-melt adhesive
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
- B32B2305/022—Foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/10—Fibres of continuous length
- B32B2305/20—Fibres of continuous length in the form of a non-woven mat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/38—Meshes, lattices or nets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
Abstract
ABSTRACT
ELECTRIC HEATING PANELS
An electric blanket is made by feeding fabric outer layers, optionally with an inner foam layer on one or both, through pressure rollers, with hot melt adhesive, in particulate, net, or sheet form, on one or both of the inner surfaces, the adhesive being heated to softening point upstream of the rollers, an electric heating wire harness being introduced between the layers as they pass through the rollers. The adhesive is chosen so as not to form a permanent bond with the insulating sheath of the heating wire.
ELECTRIC HEATING PANELS
An electric blanket is made by feeding fabric outer layers, optionally with an inner foam layer on one or both, through pressure rollers, with hot melt adhesive, in particulate, net, or sheet form, on one or both of the inner surfaces, the adhesive being heated to softening point upstream of the rollers, an electric heating wire harness being introduced between the layers as they pass through the rollers. The adhesive is chosen so as not to form a permanent bond with the insulating sheath of the heating wire.
Description
5~
ELECTRIC ~IEATING PANELS
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to an electric heatiny panel, by which term is mean-t not only an electric blanket but also a heating pad for example a heated carpet underlay, the panel comprising outer layers adhesively laminated toyether with a heating element therebetween, and also to a method of and an apparatus for manufacturing such a heating panel.
Electric blankets conventionally comprise two layers of fabric with a heating element, and perhaps also a layer or layers of foamed material, received between them. The heating element must be held at least approximately in a desired pattern extending over the area of the blanket, and this can be achieved by securely ~-- connecting the two fabric layers together be-tween adjacent runs of the heating element.
When the fabric is a non-woven fabric, securement toge-ther of the fabric layers can be effected by ~0 needling, which however requires rather elaborate and consequently expensive machinery. To avoid the need for such machinery, a solvent based adhesive can be employed to secure the lavers together but this technique has some disadvantages. The adhesive tends to bond the hea-ting element to the fabric layers so that the element is incapable of movement relative to the layers, for example when the blanket is folded, with an adverse effect on the ~orking life of the element.
1 ~75~7 To overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of known electric blankets, heating pads etc., the invention provides a flexible electric heating panel comprising first and second layers of flexible material laminated together by a hot melt adhesive and an electric heating element received between the layers, the adhesive being distributed substan-tially uniformly between the layers without formation of a permanent bond with the heating element. The element is thus capable of limited movement within the panel, so facilitating flexure and folding of the panel and thereby extending its useful life.
By the term hot melt adhesive there is meant herein an adhesive the condition of which is determined substan-tially only by its temperature, as opposed to adhesives which bond by a chemical action which is effectively irreversible. Hot melt or thermoplastic adhesives as here employed are heated to render them plastic for application to the surfaces to be bonded, and bonding takes place by cooling. After such cooling, the adhesives can again be softened by the application of heat. The undesirable release of solvent during bonding is thus completely avoided.
; The adhesive is, of course, selected so as to have a softening temperature above the temperature of the heating element in normal use.
The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a foldable electric heating panel, the method comprising the steps oE applying a hot melt adhesive substantially ~ ~7~0~
uniformly over at least one of the first and second foldable layers, bringing the first and second layers into overlyiny relationship with an elongate electrical heating element received between the layers, and applying heat and pressure to the layers to bond the layers together by means of the adhesive without formation of a bond with the heating element capable of resisting folding of the panel.
The invention is further described below, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
, . . . _ /
-2a-rp ,~ ~
7 ~
Figure 1 is ~ schematic side view of an apparatus fox manufacturing an electric blanket in accordance with the invention: and Figure 2 i5 a p~rtial schematic sectional view throuyh an electric blanket manufactured by the apparatus of Figure 1.
The laminating apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 comprises support means for two ~upply rolls 2,4 of fabric, The fabric can be of any suitable material, synthetic or natural, and can be woven or non-woven;
it is however con~enient to employ a non-woven fabxic of rayon. Webs 6,8 of the non-woven fabric are withdrawn from the rolls 2,4 and are fed towards each other along aligned generally horizontal paths to the nip of pressure rollers 10,12. Suitable support or guide rollers or the like tnot shown3 are provided to help define these paths.
On leaving the supply roll~ each fabric web undergoes a drying operation, to remove surplus moisture which would absorb energy appl~ed to the web later on for the purpose o~ softening thexmoplastic adhesive applied thereto. For this purpose, heating means, each conveniently as shown in the form of an opposed pair of electric radiant heaters 14,16 between which the web travels, are positioned immediately downstream of the supply rolls 2,4.
As shown at the right hand side of Fiyure 1, a foam layer is secured to the upper side of the fabric web 8 dlrectly after the drying stage to add bulk to the blanket. The layer 18 can be of foamed plastics material; it is fed downwardly from a supply roll 20 so as to be received in overlying relationship with the web 8 in the nip of pressure rollers 22,24~
A heater 26 heats the underside of the layer 18 imme~iately before it en~ages the web so as to soften the thermoplastiCS material of the layer. The pressure of the rollers 22,24 effects an effective permanent bond hetween the softened foam layer and the weh~ as the former hardens by cooling.
An adhesive 28 ~s then applied to the exposed upper surface of the layer 18. The adhesive 28 is a hot melt or thermoplastlc adhesiveO pre~erably a polyethylene adhesive, hut a polyamide adhesive, or a mixture o~ the two, can be employed. The adhesive 28 can be in particulate form and the adhesive particles are then sprinkl~d over the surface of khe layer 18 by a dispenser or distrlbutor 30, graYity fed from a hopper 32. In~tead, the adhe~ive can be in the form of a sheet or net 34. A~ shown in broken line at the left of Figure 1, the net 34 can be applied ~o the web 6 by being drawn from a supply roll 36 thereof and fed against the we~ by heing passed with the web between pressure rollers 38,40. The net can instead be laid on the web 6 under gravity.
Immediately prior to the laminating operation, which is effected by the rolllers 10,12, the adhesive 28 is heated to a temperature at which it is capable of bonding together the fabric web 6 and the foam layer 18, and in the illust~ated apparatus this is done by radi~nt heat supplied by an electric heater 42 positioned immediately upstream of the rollers 10,12. The web 6 can also be heated immediately prior to lamination, as by an electric radiant heater 44.
Batween the web 6 and foam layer 18, there is ~ntroduced a heati~g element 46 comprising a metallic wire 48 in a sheath 50 of insulatinq material~ for example a thermoplastic material. The heatin~ element 46 is introduced between the web and the layer in a predetermined pattern by a laying up device schematically indicated by reference numeral 52. Any suitable pattern for the wire heating element 46 can ~e employed, depending for example on whether the eventual blanket is to have a single or mul~i-heat control arrangement.
~ ~ $ ~
~5--The web 6 turns downwaxdly over the pressu~e rollex 10~ as do the web 8 and layer 18 s~er the roller 12, 50 that the web 6 and the layer 18 are laminated together by the adhesive 28 at the same time as the electrical harness constituted by the heating element 46 is introduced between them.
A reliable bond can be formed between the webs 6 and the layer 18 after these have travelled as far downstream of the pressure rollers 10,12 as is needed for the adhesive 28 to cool. The laminated blanket material thus ormed is carried from the rollers 10,1~ by driving meansg for example driv~ rollers 54,56 as shown, to appropriate cutting and further processing equipme~t ~not shown).
The adhesive 28 employed is of course selected so that it will not soften due to the heat generated in use by the heating element 46, that is, it has a softening temperature well above the maximum temperature likely to be experienced by the blanket in normal use~ The adhesi~e 28 is preferably chosen also so that it will not form a bond with the insulating material of the sheath 50 of the wire 48. ~lthough firmly restrained against lateral movement by the adhesion between adjacent surfaces of the web 6 and the layer 18, the element 46 is consequently capable of longitudinal movement within the tunnel in which it is secured, so that stresses on the blanket which occur on folding are reduced and the life of the blanket enhanced, The adhesive, in any form, can be applied to the upper surface of both the web 6 and the layer 18 if prefexred, The applicatlon of the adhesive need not take place immediately before thelaminating step, but it can be applied to one or both of the surfaces to be bonded, with ~ubsequent application of heat to secure it in place, and the intermediate product thus obtained kept for lamination subsequently.
The apparatus described can be modified further 5 ~ ~7 ,~
so that the foam layer ~ is n~t included in the product, the webs 6,8 being then bonded dlrectl~
together with the element 46 be~ween them. A ~oam layer can be applied to each of the webs 6,8 i~
desired, and may be convenient to form ~he or each foam-fabric laminate as a prior operation separate from the other steps described herein.
Although reference has been made throughout the specific description to electrlc blankets, it will be evident that the invention can also be applied to and embodied in heatiny pads for supplying heat in situations other than those in which electric blankets are employed.
,,, ,i., ., , . ,.. ,.. ; .. .,, .... " ,,
ELECTRIC ~IEATING PANELS
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to an electric heatiny panel, by which term is mean-t not only an electric blanket but also a heating pad for example a heated carpet underlay, the panel comprising outer layers adhesively laminated toyether with a heating element therebetween, and also to a method of and an apparatus for manufacturing such a heating panel.
Electric blankets conventionally comprise two layers of fabric with a heating element, and perhaps also a layer or layers of foamed material, received between them. The heating element must be held at least approximately in a desired pattern extending over the area of the blanket, and this can be achieved by securely ~-- connecting the two fabric layers together be-tween adjacent runs of the heating element.
When the fabric is a non-woven fabric, securement toge-ther of the fabric layers can be effected by ~0 needling, which however requires rather elaborate and consequently expensive machinery. To avoid the need for such machinery, a solvent based adhesive can be employed to secure the lavers together but this technique has some disadvantages. The adhesive tends to bond the hea-ting element to the fabric layers so that the element is incapable of movement relative to the layers, for example when the blanket is folded, with an adverse effect on the ~orking life of the element.
1 ~75~7 To overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of known electric blankets, heating pads etc., the invention provides a flexible electric heating panel comprising first and second layers of flexible material laminated together by a hot melt adhesive and an electric heating element received between the layers, the adhesive being distributed substan-tially uniformly between the layers without formation of a permanent bond with the heating element. The element is thus capable of limited movement within the panel, so facilitating flexure and folding of the panel and thereby extending its useful life.
By the term hot melt adhesive there is meant herein an adhesive the condition of which is determined substan-tially only by its temperature, as opposed to adhesives which bond by a chemical action which is effectively irreversible. Hot melt or thermoplastic adhesives as here employed are heated to render them plastic for application to the surfaces to be bonded, and bonding takes place by cooling. After such cooling, the adhesives can again be softened by the application of heat. The undesirable release of solvent during bonding is thus completely avoided.
; The adhesive is, of course, selected so as to have a softening temperature above the temperature of the heating element in normal use.
The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a foldable electric heating panel, the method comprising the steps oE applying a hot melt adhesive substantially ~ ~7~0~
uniformly over at least one of the first and second foldable layers, bringing the first and second layers into overlyiny relationship with an elongate electrical heating element received between the layers, and applying heat and pressure to the layers to bond the layers together by means of the adhesive without formation of a bond with the heating element capable of resisting folding of the panel.
The invention is further described below, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
, . . . _ /
-2a-rp ,~ ~
7 ~
Figure 1 is ~ schematic side view of an apparatus fox manufacturing an electric blanket in accordance with the invention: and Figure 2 i5 a p~rtial schematic sectional view throuyh an electric blanket manufactured by the apparatus of Figure 1.
The laminating apparatus illustrated in Figure 1 comprises support means for two ~upply rolls 2,4 of fabric, The fabric can be of any suitable material, synthetic or natural, and can be woven or non-woven;
it is however con~enient to employ a non-woven fabxic of rayon. Webs 6,8 of the non-woven fabric are withdrawn from the rolls 2,4 and are fed towards each other along aligned generally horizontal paths to the nip of pressure rollers 10,12. Suitable support or guide rollers or the like tnot shown3 are provided to help define these paths.
On leaving the supply roll~ each fabric web undergoes a drying operation, to remove surplus moisture which would absorb energy appl~ed to the web later on for the purpose o~ softening thexmoplastic adhesive applied thereto. For this purpose, heating means, each conveniently as shown in the form of an opposed pair of electric radiant heaters 14,16 between which the web travels, are positioned immediately downstream of the supply rolls 2,4.
As shown at the right hand side of Fiyure 1, a foam layer is secured to the upper side of the fabric web 8 dlrectly after the drying stage to add bulk to the blanket. The layer 18 can be of foamed plastics material; it is fed downwardly from a supply roll 20 so as to be received in overlying relationship with the web 8 in the nip of pressure rollers 22,24~
A heater 26 heats the underside of the layer 18 imme~iately before it en~ages the web so as to soften the thermoplastiCS material of the layer. The pressure of the rollers 22,24 effects an effective permanent bond hetween the softened foam layer and the weh~ as the former hardens by cooling.
An adhesive 28 ~s then applied to the exposed upper surface of the layer 18. The adhesive 28 is a hot melt or thermoplastlc adhesiveO pre~erably a polyethylene adhesive, hut a polyamide adhesive, or a mixture o~ the two, can be employed. The adhesive 28 can be in particulate form and the adhesive particles are then sprinkl~d over the surface of khe layer 18 by a dispenser or distrlbutor 30, graYity fed from a hopper 32. In~tead, the adhe~ive can be in the form of a sheet or net 34. A~ shown in broken line at the left of Figure 1, the net 34 can be applied ~o the web 6 by being drawn from a supply roll 36 thereof and fed against the we~ by heing passed with the web between pressure rollers 38,40. The net can instead be laid on the web 6 under gravity.
Immediately prior to the laminating operation, which is effected by the rolllers 10,12, the adhesive 28 is heated to a temperature at which it is capable of bonding together the fabric web 6 and the foam layer 18, and in the illust~ated apparatus this is done by radi~nt heat supplied by an electric heater 42 positioned immediately upstream of the rollers 10,12. The web 6 can also be heated immediately prior to lamination, as by an electric radiant heater 44.
Batween the web 6 and foam layer 18, there is ~ntroduced a heati~g element 46 comprising a metallic wire 48 in a sheath 50 of insulatinq material~ for example a thermoplastic material. The heatin~ element 46 is introduced between the web and the layer in a predetermined pattern by a laying up device schematically indicated by reference numeral 52. Any suitable pattern for the wire heating element 46 can ~e employed, depending for example on whether the eventual blanket is to have a single or mul~i-heat control arrangement.
~ ~ $ ~
~5--The web 6 turns downwaxdly over the pressu~e rollex 10~ as do the web 8 and layer 18 s~er the roller 12, 50 that the web 6 and the layer 18 are laminated together by the adhesive 28 at the same time as the electrical harness constituted by the heating element 46 is introduced between them.
A reliable bond can be formed between the webs 6 and the layer 18 after these have travelled as far downstream of the pressure rollers 10,12 as is needed for the adhesive 28 to cool. The laminated blanket material thus ormed is carried from the rollers 10,1~ by driving meansg for example driv~ rollers 54,56 as shown, to appropriate cutting and further processing equipme~t ~not shown).
The adhesive 28 employed is of course selected so that it will not soften due to the heat generated in use by the heating element 46, that is, it has a softening temperature well above the maximum temperature likely to be experienced by the blanket in normal use~ The adhesi~e 28 is preferably chosen also so that it will not form a bond with the insulating material of the sheath 50 of the wire 48. ~lthough firmly restrained against lateral movement by the adhesion between adjacent surfaces of the web 6 and the layer 18, the element 46 is consequently capable of longitudinal movement within the tunnel in which it is secured, so that stresses on the blanket which occur on folding are reduced and the life of the blanket enhanced, The adhesive, in any form, can be applied to the upper surface of both the web 6 and the layer 18 if prefexred, The applicatlon of the adhesive need not take place immediately before thelaminating step, but it can be applied to one or both of the surfaces to be bonded, with ~ubsequent application of heat to secure it in place, and the intermediate product thus obtained kept for lamination subsequently.
The apparatus described can be modified further 5 ~ ~7 ,~
so that the foam layer ~ is n~t included in the product, the webs 6,8 being then bonded dlrectl~
together with the element 46 be~ween them. A ~oam layer can be applied to each of the webs 6,8 i~
desired, and may be convenient to form ~he or each foam-fabric laminate as a prior operation separate from the other steps described herein.
Although reference has been made throughout the specific description to electrlc blankets, it will be evident that the invention can also be applied to and embodied in heatiny pads for supplying heat in situations other than those in which electric blankets are employed.
,,, ,i., ., , . ,.. ,.. ; .. .,, .... " ,,
Claims (18)
1. A flexible electric heating panel comprising first and second layers of flexible material laminated together by a hot melt adhesive and an electric heating element received between the layers, the adhesive being distributed substan-tially uniformly between the layers without formation of a permanent bond with the heating element.
2. An electric heating panel as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hot melt adhesive is a polyethylene adhesive.
3. An electric heating panel as claimed in claim 1 wherein the hot melt adhesive is a mixture of polyamide and polyethylene adhesives.
4. An electric heating panel as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the first and second layers comprise non-woven fabric layers.
5. An electric heating panel as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein at least one of the first and second layers comprises an outer fabric layer and an inner layer of foam material bonded to the fabric layer.
6. A foldable electric heating panel comprising first and second layers of foldable material in overlying relationship, an electric heating element comprising a sheath of electrically insulating material around a conductive wire, the heating element being received in a desired pattern between the first and second layers, and a hot melt adhesive bonding together the first and second layers but being incapable of forming a permanent bond with the heating element sheath, whereby the heating element is substantially secured against lateral movement but is capable of longitudinal movement to accommodate folding of the panel.
7. A foldable electric heating panel as claimed in claim 6 wherein at least one of the first and second layers comprises an outer layer of non-woven fabric and an inner layer of foam material bonded thereto.
8. A foldable heating panel as claimed in claim 6 or 7 wherein the hot melt adhesive is substantially uniformly distributed between the layers in particulate form.
9. A method of manufacturing a foldable electric heating panel, the method comprising the steps of applying a hot melt adhesive substantially uniformly over at least one of first and second foldable layers, bringing the first and second layers into overlying relationship with an elongate electrical heating element received between the layers, and applying heat and pressure to the layers to bond the layers together by means of the adhesive without formation of a bond with the heating element capable of resisting folding of the panel.
10. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the heating element is placed between the layers after the application of heat and before the application of pressure.
11. A method as claimed in claim 9 wherein the layers are heated and pressure is then applied to the layers by feeding the layers between pressure rollers.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the layers are subjected to a drying operation prior to the heating of the adhesive.
13. A method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the electric heating element is positioned between the layers during the passage of the layers between the pressure rollers.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the adhesive is applied to at least one of the layers during movement of the layer between a supply source thereof and the pressure rollers.
15. A method as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 wherein the hot melt adhesive is applied to at least one of the layers in particulate form.
16. A method as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 wherein the adhesive is applied to at least one of the layers in the form of a net.
17. A method as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 wherein the adhesive is applied to at least one of the layers in the form of a continuous layer.
18. A method as claimed in claim 9, 10 or 11 having the step of forming at least one of the layers prior to the application of the adhesive by bonding together an outer fabric layer and an inner foam layer.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8006765 | 1980-02-27 | ||
| GB8006765 | 1980-02-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1167507A true CA1167507A (en) | 1984-05-15 |
Family
ID=10511748
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000371601A Expired CA1167507A (en) | 1980-02-27 | 1981-02-24 | Electric heating panels |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56130096A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6794581A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE887654A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1167507A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3107011A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2476467A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2070400B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8100978A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ196352A (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0139635A1 (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1985-05-08 | Ab Mekania-Verken | Heating pad preferably for car seats |
| CH652883A5 (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1985-11-29 | Lange Int Sa | ELECTRIC HEATER BODY INTENDED TO BE INCORPORATED IN AN INTERIOR TRIMS OF AN ELEMENT OF CLOTHING OR AN ACCESSORY INTENDED TO BE APPLIED AGAINST A PART OF THE HUMAN BODY. |
| LU84838A1 (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1985-03-21 | Belge Isolants | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTRIC HEATERS AND HEATING APPLIANCES |
| DE3333047A1 (en) * | 1983-09-14 | 1985-03-21 | I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik, 6466 Gründau | Upholstery element which can be heated electrically |
| NL8400410A (en) * | 1984-02-09 | 1985-09-02 | Inventum Koninklijke Fab | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING A WIRELESS ELEMENT BETWEEN RESPECTIVE MATERIAL LAYERS AND MATERIALS PATHS IN A PARTICULAR PATTERN, IN PARTICULAR FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRICALLY HEATED HEARTS, THROUGH COVERAGE, SUCH AS SUCH, THROUGH COVERAGES, SUCH AS SUCH. |
| DE3602572A1 (en) * | 1985-02-04 | 1986-08-07 | Bristol-Myers Co., New York, N.Y. | MASSAGE HEATER |
| DE3820750A1 (en) * | 1988-06-19 | 1989-12-28 | Ruthenberg Gmbh Waermetechnik | METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A LARGE HEATING ELEMENT, IN PARTICULAR FOR CAR SEAT HEATERS, AND LARGE HEATING ELEMENT PRODUCED BY SUCH A METHOD |
| JPH0216597U (en) * | 1988-07-16 | 1990-02-02 | ||
| JP2658287B2 (en) * | 1988-10-28 | 1997-09-30 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Method of manufacturing electric blanket body |
| CA1296041C (en) * | 1988-11-15 | 1992-02-18 | Jonathan Willner | Underfloor covering heating system |
| SE501996C2 (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1995-07-10 | Scandmec Ab | Heating elements for vehicle seats and method of manufacture |
| SE518456C2 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2002-10-08 | Kongsberg Automotive Ab | Method for making and applying heating elements for heating in vehicles |
| JP5515439B2 (en) * | 2009-06-11 | 2014-06-11 | トヨタ紡織株式会社 | Laminated composite for vehicle seat cover and method for producing laminated composite for vehicle seat cover |
-
1981
- 1981-02-17 GB GB8104899A patent/GB2070400B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-24 BE BE0/203901A patent/BE887654A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-02-24 CA CA000371601A patent/CA1167507A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-02-25 NZ NZ196352A patent/NZ196352A/en unknown
- 1981-02-25 FR FR8103767A patent/FR2476467A1/en active Granted
- 1981-02-25 DE DE19813107011 patent/DE3107011A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1981-02-27 AU AU67945/81A patent/AU6794581A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1981-02-27 NL NL8100978A patent/NL8100978A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1981-02-27 JP JP2829881A patent/JPS56130096A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL8100978A (en) | 1981-09-16 |
| GB2070400A (en) | 1981-09-03 |
| JPS56130096A (en) | 1981-10-12 |
| AU6794581A (en) | 1981-09-03 |
| GB2070400B (en) | 1983-07-27 |
| FR2476467A1 (en) | 1981-08-28 |
| DE3107011A1 (en) | 1981-12-24 |
| NZ196352A (en) | 1983-11-18 |
| FR2476467B3 (en) | 1983-12-30 |
| BE887654A (en) | 1981-06-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |