CA1131031A - Hot gob detector for a glassware forming machine - Google Patents
Hot gob detector for a glassware forming machineInfo
- Publication number
- CA1131031A CA1131031A CA319,751A CA319751A CA1131031A CA 1131031 A CA1131031 A CA 1131031A CA 319751 A CA319751 A CA 319751A CA 1131031 A CA1131031 A CA 1131031A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- gob
- responsive
- sensor
- generating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/07—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers where the programme is defined in the fixed connection of electrical elements, e.g. potentiometers, counters, transistors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B9/00—Blowing glass; Production of hollow glass articles
- C03B9/30—Details of blowing glass; Use of materials for the moulds
- C03B9/40—Gearing or controlling mechanisms specially adapted for glass-blowing machines
- C03B9/41—Electric or electronic systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
- G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A glassware forming machine distributes gobs of molten glass at a predetermined rate and forms glassware articles in a timed, predetermined sequence of steps from the gobs. A con-trol circuit responsive to timing signals cyclically controls the actuation of devices for forming the articles in cycles of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps. A gob detector responds to the presence of a gob proximate each forming device for generating a time reference signal to the control circuit, which is adjustable for varying the starting time of the subse-quent forming cycle of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps.
A glassware forming machine distributes gobs of molten glass at a predetermined rate and forms glassware articles in a timed, predetermined sequence of steps from the gobs. A con-trol circuit responsive to timing signals cyclically controls the actuation of devices for forming the articles in cycles of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps. A gob detector responds to the presence of a gob proximate each forming device for generating a time reference signal to the control circuit, which is adjustable for varying the starting time of the subse-quent forming cycle of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps.
Description
~L3~L~3~l The presen-t invention relates to the detection of gobs of molten glass entering molds in glassware forming machines.
In a glassware forming machine known as an IS or in-dividual section machine, each individual section includes a plurality of means for performing a predetermined se~uence of steps in a timed rela'cionship to form the glassware. The form-ing means generally have been powered by pneumatic motors con-trolled by a valve block which, in turn/ is controlled by a rotating timing drum. Glass is melted and formed into gobs which are yuided to the individual sections by a gob distributor.
Each section of the machine produces glassware from the gobs, which glassware is placed on a dead plate for push out onto a flight conveyor. The conveyor removes the glassware to a lehr for annealing and cooling and any other treatment.
The individual sections are operated in a predeter-mined sequence at a relative phase difference to receive gobs from the gob distributor in ordered sequence. As one of the sections is receiving a gob from the gob distributor, another one of the sections is delivering a finished article of glass-ware to the conveyor and the other sections are performinyvarious ones of the forming steps. Furthermore, two molds can be provided in each section whereby a gob is received in a first mold, called a blan]~ or parison mold, for the initial process of forming a parison, followed by transfer of the parison to a second mold, called a blow mold, for final blowing of the article. Since each mold can have more than one cavity, each section of the machine is operating simultaneously upon a plurality of gobs to form the glassware articles.
Whether the timing drum or an electronic control sys-tem is utilized to define the timing of -the sections, the prior - ~ ~L3~313~
art has synchronized the section timing with the timing of the gob feeder and the gob distributor. Not only were the sections opera-ted at relative phase differences to receive the gobs in ordered sequence but the phase differences had to be pre-adjusted or differences in the travel time of the gobs to the individual sections which are typically located in a line along the conveyor wherein no more than two sections might be the same given distance from the gob feeder.
~ It is an object of the present invention to increase the efficiency of a glassware forming machine by timing the glassware forming cycle from the detection of the last gob of molten glass to en-ter glass forming mea~s, e.g. a multi-cavity , mold.
According to the invention, there is provided, in . .
a glassware forming machine including means for distributing gobs of molten glass at a predetermined rate from a source of the gobs; means for forming glassware articles in a timed, pre- -~
determined sequence of steps from the gobs received from the distributing means; means for generating timing signals; and ~20 control means responsive to the timing signals for cyclically controlling the actuation of the forming means in cycles of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps, the improvement comprising: a gob detection means responsive to the presence of a gob proximate the forming means for generating a time refer-ence signal to the control means and wherein the control means includes means responsive to the time reference signal for ad-justing the starting time of the subsequent forming cycle of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps.
The invention will be more readily unders-tood from the following description of embodiments thereof given by way : ;
3~l of example with reference to the accompanying drawinys, in which:-Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a two section IS machineincluding gob detectors embodying the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of one of the gob sensors of Fig. l;
Eig. 3 is a schematic of one of the gob de-tectors;
Fig~ 4 is a schematic of a multi-cavity gob detector circui-t; and Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an alternate form of a two section IS machine including gob detectors.
There is shown in Fig. 1 a block diagram of a two section glassware forming machine including gob detectors em-bodying the present invention. An individual section No. One 11 and an individual section No. Two 12 each receive gobs of moIten glass from a gob distributor 13 which in turn receives the gobs from a gob feeder (not shown). The gob distributor 13 is mechanically driven by a drive motor 14 which is con-nected to a supply of variable frequency power generated by an inverter 15. The gob feeder is driven in a similar manner.
The inverter drive frequency is controlled to determine the rate at which the gobs are formed and distribu-ted to the in-dividual sections 11 and 12.
The individual sections 11 and 12 are associated with separa-te valve bloc~s 16 and 17 respectively. Each valve block has valves connected to ac-tuate a plurality of glassware forming means in -the associated individual section. The valves in the valve blocks are actuated by solenoids which are con-trolled by a machine control circuit 18 which determines the timing of the forming steps in accordance with a predetermined sequence of those steps. The control circuit 18 receives information ~3~3~
as to the sequence of the steps and the times between the steps from a source (not shown) such as control switches or a computer program. A positi.on transducer l9 is mechanically coupled to the drive motor 14 and generates signals representing the rela-tive position of the gob distributor 13. A similar position transducer (not shown) is provided for the gob feeder. Since the forming of the gob is related to the rotational position of the gob feeder drive motor and the distribution of any one gob is related to the rotational position of the gob distributor drive motor, the respective position transducers generate signals indicating when a gob is formed and to which section it is dis~
tributed.
:~ ~The machine control circu1t also receives a clock -~
signal from a source 21 which signal provides a reference for . .
;~ timlng the machine cycle and the sequence of steps. Typically, ;~
machine tlmlng is expressed in degrees and a machine cycle is ~`
360 in length. The cycle for each section is also 360 but :
~ the cycles for the sections will be offset from the start of ;~ ~ the machine cycle by different numbers of degrees to compensate :~
; 20 for the difference in gob delivery time:to each section. A
glassware forming apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 is more fully described in U.S. Patent No. 4,007,028 issued February 8, 1977 to A.T. Bublity et al.
There is also shown in Fig. l a gob sensor 22 and ~:
an associated gob detector circuit 23 embodying the present invention. The gob sensor 22 is positioned adjacent the path of travel between the gob distributor 13 and the individual section No. One and near the opening of -the mold (not shown).
As a gob arrives at the mold, the sensor 22 responds to the presence of the gob by generating a sensor signal to the gob ~3~ 3~
detec-tor circuit ~3. The detector circuit compares the magni-tude of the sensor signal with the magnitude of a threshold signal to generate a detection signal -to the machine control circuit 18 when a gob is sensed. The control circuit 18 then can ad~ust the start of the individual section No. One glassware forming cycle with respect to the machine cycle for the arrival oE the gob at the mold. A gob sensor 24 and a gob detector circuit 25 are provided for the individual section No. Two to adjust the start of the glassware forming cycle Eor that section in a similar manner.
There is shown in Fig. 2 a plan view of the gob sensor 22 of Fig. 1 in partial cut away to expose a phototransistor.
The gob sensor 22 includes a housing 31 having a firs-t longi-tudinal aperture 32 forming therein connecting one end of the housing with a central cavity 33. A phototransistor 34 is mounted in the cavity 33 adjacent the internal end of the aperture 32.
A second longitudinal aperture 35 is formed in the housing 31 and connects the cavity 33 with the other end of the housing 31. ~ standard female BNC connector 36 is attached to the housing 31 at the external end of the aperture 35 and has a central pin 37 which extends into the aperture 35. The photo-transistor 34 has a pair of leads, a collector lead and an emit-ter lead, which are connected to the BNC connector 36, the col-lector lead to the pin 37 and the emitter lead to a shell 38.
The aperture 35 is larger in diameter than either the aperture 32 of the cavity 33 for ease of assem~ly of the leads to the BNC connector 36 before the connector is attached to the hous-ing 31.
Typically, the housing 31 is formed of a non-conductive material such as a phenolic material. The light sensi-tive base ~L~3~3~
of the phototransistor 34 is positioned to face along the longi-tudinal axis of the aperture 32 such that the aper-ture forms a "window" through which the phototransistor "sees" the passing hot gob of molten glass. Typically, the aper-ture 32 is one-eighth inch in diametex and one-half inch in length to restrict the view thereby makîng the phototransistor more sensitive such that the leading edge of the gob is sharply detected and to provide some protection from airborne foreign matter produced by the glassware forming process. However, since a source o pressurized air for operating the pneumatic motors of the machine is available, this source could be utilized to provide a stream of air for purging the aperture 32.
There is shown in Fig. 3 a schematic diagram of the gob sensor 22 and the gob detector circuit 23 of Fig. 1. The collector of the phototransistor 34 is connected to the pin 37 of the BNC connector which in turn is connected to an input ;
41-1 of a comparator 41 through a capacitor 42. ~he emitter of the phototransistor is connected to the shell 38 which in turn i~ connected to the system ground potential. A resistor 43 is connected between a positlve polarity power supply (not shown) and the pin 37 to limit current flow through the photo-transistor 34. A resistor 44 is connected between the power supply and the input 41-1. A second input 41-~ of the compara-tor 41 is connected to the junction of a pair of resistors 45 and 46 through a current limiting resistor 47. The resistors 45 and 46 are connected between the power supply and the ground potential. An output 41-3 of the comparator 41 is connected to a gob detection signal output line 48, to the power supply throuyh a resistor 49 and to the input 41-2 through a resistor 51.
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When there ls no gob present, the phototransistor 34 is turned off and both sides of the capaci-tor 42 will be at the power supply voltage which is also applied to the input 41~
The resistors 45 and 46 function as a voltage divider to generate a -threshold voltage at the input 41-2. If the input 41-1 is the inverting input and the lnput 41-2 is the non-inverting input, the comparator 41 will generate a signal at or near the system ground potential since the magnitude of the power suppl~ voltage at the input 41-1 is grea-ter than the magnitude of the threshold voltage at the input 41-2. When the gob is detected, the pho-to-transistor 34 will be turned on to place its collector near the system ground potential. Since the voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantaneously, the input 41-1 will also be near ;~ the system ground potential. Thus, the comparator 41 will change its output signal to the power supply voltage and the resistor 49 will provide a current path for driving circuitry connected ; to the output line 48 at the power supply voltage. -While the gob is passing the sensor 22, the capacitor 42 will charge toward the power supply voltage through the resistor 44 to insure that the comparator will switch ~ack to the signal at or near the system ground potential. However, the length of time that the gob is passing the detector is typically :`~
less than the charging time constant for the capacitor 42.
Therefore, the phototransistor 34 is turned off at the lagging .. :
edge of the gob and the magnitude of the signal of the input 41-1 once again exceeds the magnitude of the threshold signal to switch the comparator output. Thus the gob detection signal generated on the line 48 is in the form of a square wave pulse having a magnitude at or near the power supply voltage and a duration determined by the time required for the gob to pass ~3~3~
the sensor "window". The resistor 47 and the resistor 51 provide positive feedback to the input 41-2 creating a deadband between the vol-tage levels at which the comparator 41 switches output states. This deadband, or hysteresis, prevents any oscilla-tion which may develop during a transition between output states.
In the circuit of Fig. 3, the phototransistor 34 can be a TI-L66 available from Texas Instruments, and the compara-tor 41 can be an LM 339 available from ~ational Semiconductor.
Typical values for the circuit componen-ts are 120 K ohms for the resistor 43, 220 K ohms for the resistors 44 and 47, and 3.3 M ohms for the resistors 45 and 49, 13 K ohms for the resistor 46, 3.3 M ohms for the resistor 51 and 5 microfarads for the capacitor 42. The positive polarity power supply is typically fifteen volts.
There is shown in Fig. 4 a schematlc diagram of a multi-cavity gob detector circuit embodying the present invention.
A detector A 61 represents a gob sensor and gob detector circuit such as is shown in Fig. 3. The gob detection square wave pulse generated by the detector A is an input to a monostable multi-vibrator 62. The multivibrator 62 responds to a "1" to "~"
signal transition such as the lagging edge of the gob detection pulse, by generatin~ a square wave pulse of a predetermined duration to an input 63-1 of an OR 63. The OR 63 will generate a "0" at an output 63-3 if both of a pair of inputs 63-1 and 63-2 are at "0" and ~ill generate a "1" at the output 63-3 iE
one or both of the inputs is at "1". The input 63-2 is con nected to a selection line 64 and the output 63-3 is connected to an input 65-1 of a NAND 65. The NAND 65 will generate a "0" if all of its inputs are at "1" and will generate a "1"
for all other input signal combinations. The output 65-4 is ` ~3~L~3~
connected to an input of a monostable multivibrator 66 having an output connected to a last gob detection signal DUtpUt line 67.
A detector B 68, similar to the detector A, has an output connected to an input of a monostable multivibrator 69 having an output connected to an input 71-1 of an OR 71. The OR 71 has an input 71-2 connected to a selection line 72 and an output 71-3 connected to an input 65-2 of the NAND 65. A
detector C 73, also similar to the detector A, has an output connected to an input of a monostable multivibrator 74 having an output connected to an input 65-3 of the NAND 65.
The circuit of Fig. 4 is suitable for use with a one, two or three cavity mold. It will be appreciated that this circuit can be expanded should the mold have more than three cavities. If the mold has three cavitles, a "0" selection signal is applied to each of the selection lines 64 and 72 to enable the OR's 63 and 71 respec-tively. The "0" selection signals can be generated by any suitable means such as switches con-nected to the system ground potential or a computer. If no gob has been detected, all of the detector outputs will be at "0" as will the outputs of -the associated monostable multi- ~
vibrators such that a "0" will appear a-t the inputs to the NAND ~-65. Thus the NAND 65 is at state "1", and the monostable multi-vibrator 66 generates a "0" on the output line 67.
As each gob enters a cavity of the mold, the associated detector generates a square wave detection signal. The associ-ated monostable multivibrator is triggered on the lagging edge of the gob and, if the duration of the multivibrator pulse ex-ceeds the time between the detection of the lagging edge of the first gob to enter the mold and the layging edge of the 3L~L3~Lq;33~l last gob to enter the mold, all of the inputs to the NAND 65 will be at "l" to change -the signal at the output 65-4 from "l" to "0". When -the multivibrator associated with the first gob to be detected -times out, the associated one oE the inputs to the NAND 65 will return to "0" and the output 65-4 will re-turn to "l" to form a "0" square wave pulse. The multivibrator 66 responds to the leading edge of the "0" pulse to generate a "l" signal indicatin~ that the lagging edge of the last gob to enter the mold has been sensed and all three gobs are in the mold.
If one of the mold cavities is not active~ or the mold has only two cavities, the associated selection line can ,~ .
have a "1" signal applied thereto to generate a "1" at the associated input to the NAND 65 to enable the NAMD 65 -for the detection of gobs entering two cavlties. If two of the mold cavities are not active or the mold has only one cavi-ty, both of the selectlon lines 64 and 72 can have a "1" signal applied thereto to enable the NAND 65 -to detect the gob entering the one cavity. The "1" selection signals can be generated by any sultable mean~s such as switches connected to a positive polarity power supply or a computer.
There is shown in Fig. 5 a block diagram of an alter-nate form of two section IS machine including gob detectors embodying the present invention. The elements labelled with the same reference numerals as used in Fig. 1 are similar to the corresponding elements of Fig. 1. However, the position transducer l9 of Fig. 1 has been eliminated and the clock 21 has been replaced by a timing circuit 81.
The timing circuit 81 responds to the frequency of the inverter generated power to genera-te a timing signal to the :~3~3~
machine control c.ircuit 18 to synchronize the IS machine cycle with the gob distribu-tor 13. For our example of a two section machine, the section cycles can be set at a 180 phase differ-ence in the 360~ machine cycle and the start of each section cycle can be adjusted to the actual arrival of a gob at the mold.
Insummary, the above-described embodiments concern a gob detection means for generating a detection signal in res-ponse to the presence of a gob of molten glass at the forming means in a glassware forming machine. The machine includes means for distributing gobs of molten glass at a predetermined rate from a source of the gobs; means for forming glassware articles in a timed, predetermined sequence of steps from the gobs received from the distri.buting means and control means responsive to the rate of gob distribution for cyclically con- ~;~
trolling the actuation of the forming means in cycles of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps. The control means is responsive to the detection signal for starting the next cycle of the timed predetermined sequence of steps. Where the forming means includes a multi-cavity mold, a gob detection means is associated with each cavity and means responsive to the simul-taneous generation of all of the detection signals generates a last gob detection signal to -the control means for s-tarting the next cycle.
~ n accordance ~ith the provisions of the patent statutes, the principle and mode of operation of the invention have been explained in its preEerred embodiment. However, it must be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without depar-ting from its spirit or scope.
In a glassware forming machine known as an IS or in-dividual section machine, each individual section includes a plurality of means for performing a predetermined se~uence of steps in a timed rela'cionship to form the glassware. The form-ing means generally have been powered by pneumatic motors con-trolled by a valve block which, in turn/ is controlled by a rotating timing drum. Glass is melted and formed into gobs which are yuided to the individual sections by a gob distributor.
Each section of the machine produces glassware from the gobs, which glassware is placed on a dead plate for push out onto a flight conveyor. The conveyor removes the glassware to a lehr for annealing and cooling and any other treatment.
The individual sections are operated in a predeter-mined sequence at a relative phase difference to receive gobs from the gob distributor in ordered sequence. As one of the sections is receiving a gob from the gob distributor, another one of the sections is delivering a finished article of glass-ware to the conveyor and the other sections are performinyvarious ones of the forming steps. Furthermore, two molds can be provided in each section whereby a gob is received in a first mold, called a blan]~ or parison mold, for the initial process of forming a parison, followed by transfer of the parison to a second mold, called a blow mold, for final blowing of the article. Since each mold can have more than one cavity, each section of the machine is operating simultaneously upon a plurality of gobs to form the glassware articles.
Whether the timing drum or an electronic control sys-tem is utilized to define the timing of -the sections, the prior - ~ ~L3~313~
art has synchronized the section timing with the timing of the gob feeder and the gob distributor. Not only were the sections opera-ted at relative phase differences to receive the gobs in ordered sequence but the phase differences had to be pre-adjusted or differences in the travel time of the gobs to the individual sections which are typically located in a line along the conveyor wherein no more than two sections might be the same given distance from the gob feeder.
~ It is an object of the present invention to increase the efficiency of a glassware forming machine by timing the glassware forming cycle from the detection of the last gob of molten glass to en-ter glass forming mea~s, e.g. a multi-cavity , mold.
According to the invention, there is provided, in . .
a glassware forming machine including means for distributing gobs of molten glass at a predetermined rate from a source of the gobs; means for forming glassware articles in a timed, pre- -~
determined sequence of steps from the gobs received from the distributing means; means for generating timing signals; and ~20 control means responsive to the timing signals for cyclically controlling the actuation of the forming means in cycles of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps, the improvement comprising: a gob detection means responsive to the presence of a gob proximate the forming means for generating a time refer-ence signal to the control means and wherein the control means includes means responsive to the time reference signal for ad-justing the starting time of the subsequent forming cycle of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps.
The invention will be more readily unders-tood from the following description of embodiments thereof given by way : ;
3~l of example with reference to the accompanying drawinys, in which:-Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a two section IS machineincluding gob detectors embodying the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of one of the gob sensors of Fig. l;
Eig. 3 is a schematic of one of the gob de-tectors;
Fig~ 4 is a schematic of a multi-cavity gob detector circui-t; and Fig. 5 is a block diagram of an alternate form of a two section IS machine including gob detectors.
There is shown in Fig. 1 a block diagram of a two section glassware forming machine including gob detectors em-bodying the present invention. An individual section No. One 11 and an individual section No. Two 12 each receive gobs of moIten glass from a gob distributor 13 which in turn receives the gobs from a gob feeder (not shown). The gob distributor 13 is mechanically driven by a drive motor 14 which is con-nected to a supply of variable frequency power generated by an inverter 15. The gob feeder is driven in a similar manner.
The inverter drive frequency is controlled to determine the rate at which the gobs are formed and distribu-ted to the in-dividual sections 11 and 12.
The individual sections 11 and 12 are associated with separa-te valve bloc~s 16 and 17 respectively. Each valve block has valves connected to ac-tuate a plurality of glassware forming means in -the associated individual section. The valves in the valve blocks are actuated by solenoids which are con-trolled by a machine control circuit 18 which determines the timing of the forming steps in accordance with a predetermined sequence of those steps. The control circuit 18 receives information ~3~3~
as to the sequence of the steps and the times between the steps from a source (not shown) such as control switches or a computer program. A positi.on transducer l9 is mechanically coupled to the drive motor 14 and generates signals representing the rela-tive position of the gob distributor 13. A similar position transducer (not shown) is provided for the gob feeder. Since the forming of the gob is related to the rotational position of the gob feeder drive motor and the distribution of any one gob is related to the rotational position of the gob distributor drive motor, the respective position transducers generate signals indicating when a gob is formed and to which section it is dis~
tributed.
:~ ~The machine control circu1t also receives a clock -~
signal from a source 21 which signal provides a reference for . .
;~ timlng the machine cycle and the sequence of steps. Typically, ;~
machine tlmlng is expressed in degrees and a machine cycle is ~`
360 in length. The cycle for each section is also 360 but :
~ the cycles for the sections will be offset from the start of ;~ ~ the machine cycle by different numbers of degrees to compensate :~
; 20 for the difference in gob delivery time:to each section. A
glassware forming apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 is more fully described in U.S. Patent No. 4,007,028 issued February 8, 1977 to A.T. Bublity et al.
There is also shown in Fig. l a gob sensor 22 and ~:
an associated gob detector circuit 23 embodying the present invention. The gob sensor 22 is positioned adjacent the path of travel between the gob distributor 13 and the individual section No. One and near the opening of -the mold (not shown).
As a gob arrives at the mold, the sensor 22 responds to the presence of the gob by generating a sensor signal to the gob ~3~ 3~
detec-tor circuit ~3. The detector circuit compares the magni-tude of the sensor signal with the magnitude of a threshold signal to generate a detection signal -to the machine control circuit 18 when a gob is sensed. The control circuit 18 then can ad~ust the start of the individual section No. One glassware forming cycle with respect to the machine cycle for the arrival oE the gob at the mold. A gob sensor 24 and a gob detector circuit 25 are provided for the individual section No. Two to adjust the start of the glassware forming cycle Eor that section in a similar manner.
There is shown in Fig. 2 a plan view of the gob sensor 22 of Fig. 1 in partial cut away to expose a phototransistor.
The gob sensor 22 includes a housing 31 having a firs-t longi-tudinal aperture 32 forming therein connecting one end of the housing with a central cavity 33. A phototransistor 34 is mounted in the cavity 33 adjacent the internal end of the aperture 32.
A second longitudinal aperture 35 is formed in the housing 31 and connects the cavity 33 with the other end of the housing 31. ~ standard female BNC connector 36 is attached to the housing 31 at the external end of the aperture 35 and has a central pin 37 which extends into the aperture 35. The photo-transistor 34 has a pair of leads, a collector lead and an emit-ter lead, which are connected to the BNC connector 36, the col-lector lead to the pin 37 and the emitter lead to a shell 38.
The aperture 35 is larger in diameter than either the aperture 32 of the cavity 33 for ease of assem~ly of the leads to the BNC connector 36 before the connector is attached to the hous-ing 31.
Typically, the housing 31 is formed of a non-conductive material such as a phenolic material. The light sensi-tive base ~L~3~3~
of the phototransistor 34 is positioned to face along the longi-tudinal axis of the aperture 32 such that the aper-ture forms a "window" through which the phototransistor "sees" the passing hot gob of molten glass. Typically, the aper-ture 32 is one-eighth inch in diametex and one-half inch in length to restrict the view thereby makîng the phototransistor more sensitive such that the leading edge of the gob is sharply detected and to provide some protection from airborne foreign matter produced by the glassware forming process. However, since a source o pressurized air for operating the pneumatic motors of the machine is available, this source could be utilized to provide a stream of air for purging the aperture 32.
There is shown in Fig. 3 a schematic diagram of the gob sensor 22 and the gob detector circuit 23 of Fig. 1. The collector of the phototransistor 34 is connected to the pin 37 of the BNC connector which in turn is connected to an input ;
41-1 of a comparator 41 through a capacitor 42. ~he emitter of the phototransistor is connected to the shell 38 which in turn i~ connected to the system ground potential. A resistor 43 is connected between a positlve polarity power supply (not shown) and the pin 37 to limit current flow through the photo-transistor 34. A resistor 44 is connected between the power supply and the input 41-1. A second input 41-~ of the compara-tor 41 is connected to the junction of a pair of resistors 45 and 46 through a current limiting resistor 47. The resistors 45 and 46 are connected between the power supply and the ground potential. An output 41-3 of the comparator 41 is connected to a gob detection signal output line 48, to the power supply throuyh a resistor 49 and to the input 41-2 through a resistor 51.
:
:1~3~L~3~
When there ls no gob present, the phototransistor 34 is turned off and both sides of the capaci-tor 42 will be at the power supply voltage which is also applied to the input 41~
The resistors 45 and 46 function as a voltage divider to generate a -threshold voltage at the input 41-2. If the input 41-1 is the inverting input and the lnput 41-2 is the non-inverting input, the comparator 41 will generate a signal at or near the system ground potential since the magnitude of the power suppl~ voltage at the input 41-1 is grea-ter than the magnitude of the threshold voltage at the input 41-2. When the gob is detected, the pho-to-transistor 34 will be turned on to place its collector near the system ground potential. Since the voltage across a capacitor cannot change instantaneously, the input 41-1 will also be near ;~ the system ground potential. Thus, the comparator 41 will change its output signal to the power supply voltage and the resistor 49 will provide a current path for driving circuitry connected ; to the output line 48 at the power supply voltage. -While the gob is passing the sensor 22, the capacitor 42 will charge toward the power supply voltage through the resistor 44 to insure that the comparator will switch ~ack to the signal at or near the system ground potential. However, the length of time that the gob is passing the detector is typically :`~
less than the charging time constant for the capacitor 42.
Therefore, the phototransistor 34 is turned off at the lagging .. :
edge of the gob and the magnitude of the signal of the input 41-1 once again exceeds the magnitude of the threshold signal to switch the comparator output. Thus the gob detection signal generated on the line 48 is in the form of a square wave pulse having a magnitude at or near the power supply voltage and a duration determined by the time required for the gob to pass ~3~3~
the sensor "window". The resistor 47 and the resistor 51 provide positive feedback to the input 41-2 creating a deadband between the vol-tage levels at which the comparator 41 switches output states. This deadband, or hysteresis, prevents any oscilla-tion which may develop during a transition between output states.
In the circuit of Fig. 3, the phototransistor 34 can be a TI-L66 available from Texas Instruments, and the compara-tor 41 can be an LM 339 available from ~ational Semiconductor.
Typical values for the circuit componen-ts are 120 K ohms for the resistor 43, 220 K ohms for the resistors 44 and 47, and 3.3 M ohms for the resistors 45 and 49, 13 K ohms for the resistor 46, 3.3 M ohms for the resistor 51 and 5 microfarads for the capacitor 42. The positive polarity power supply is typically fifteen volts.
There is shown in Fig. 4 a schematlc diagram of a multi-cavity gob detector circuit embodying the present invention.
A detector A 61 represents a gob sensor and gob detector circuit such as is shown in Fig. 3. The gob detection square wave pulse generated by the detector A is an input to a monostable multi-vibrator 62. The multivibrator 62 responds to a "1" to "~"
signal transition such as the lagging edge of the gob detection pulse, by generatin~ a square wave pulse of a predetermined duration to an input 63-1 of an OR 63. The OR 63 will generate a "0" at an output 63-3 if both of a pair of inputs 63-1 and 63-2 are at "0" and ~ill generate a "1" at the output 63-3 iE
one or both of the inputs is at "1". The input 63-2 is con nected to a selection line 64 and the output 63-3 is connected to an input 65-1 of a NAND 65. The NAND 65 will generate a "0" if all of its inputs are at "1" and will generate a "1"
for all other input signal combinations. The output 65-4 is ` ~3~L~3~
connected to an input of a monostable multivibrator 66 having an output connected to a last gob detection signal DUtpUt line 67.
A detector B 68, similar to the detector A, has an output connected to an input of a monostable multivibrator 69 having an output connected to an input 71-1 of an OR 71. The OR 71 has an input 71-2 connected to a selection line 72 and an output 71-3 connected to an input 65-2 of the NAND 65. A
detector C 73, also similar to the detector A, has an output connected to an input of a monostable multivibrator 74 having an output connected to an input 65-3 of the NAND 65.
The circuit of Fig. 4 is suitable for use with a one, two or three cavity mold. It will be appreciated that this circuit can be expanded should the mold have more than three cavities. If the mold has three cavitles, a "0" selection signal is applied to each of the selection lines 64 and 72 to enable the OR's 63 and 71 respec-tively. The "0" selection signals can be generated by any suitable means such as switches con-nected to the system ground potential or a computer. If no gob has been detected, all of the detector outputs will be at "0" as will the outputs of -the associated monostable multi- ~
vibrators such that a "0" will appear a-t the inputs to the NAND ~-65. Thus the NAND 65 is at state "1", and the monostable multi-vibrator 66 generates a "0" on the output line 67.
As each gob enters a cavity of the mold, the associated detector generates a square wave detection signal. The associ-ated monostable multivibrator is triggered on the lagging edge of the gob and, if the duration of the multivibrator pulse ex-ceeds the time between the detection of the lagging edge of the first gob to enter the mold and the layging edge of the 3L~L3~Lq;33~l last gob to enter the mold, all of the inputs to the NAND 65 will be at "l" to change -the signal at the output 65-4 from "l" to "0". When -the multivibrator associated with the first gob to be detected -times out, the associated one oE the inputs to the NAND 65 will return to "0" and the output 65-4 will re-turn to "l" to form a "0" square wave pulse. The multivibrator 66 responds to the leading edge of the "0" pulse to generate a "l" signal indicatin~ that the lagging edge of the last gob to enter the mold has been sensed and all three gobs are in the mold.
If one of the mold cavities is not active~ or the mold has only two cavities, the associated selection line can ,~ .
have a "1" signal applied thereto to generate a "1" at the associated input to the NAND 65 to enable the NAMD 65 -for the detection of gobs entering two cavlties. If two of the mold cavities are not active or the mold has only one cavi-ty, both of the selectlon lines 64 and 72 can have a "1" signal applied thereto to enable the NAND 65 -to detect the gob entering the one cavity. The "1" selection signals can be generated by any sultable mean~s such as switches connected to a positive polarity power supply or a computer.
There is shown in Fig. 5 a block diagram of an alter-nate form of two section IS machine including gob detectors embodying the present invention. The elements labelled with the same reference numerals as used in Fig. 1 are similar to the corresponding elements of Fig. 1. However, the position transducer l9 of Fig. 1 has been eliminated and the clock 21 has been replaced by a timing circuit 81.
The timing circuit 81 responds to the frequency of the inverter generated power to genera-te a timing signal to the :~3~3~
machine control c.ircuit 18 to synchronize the IS machine cycle with the gob distribu-tor 13. For our example of a two section machine, the section cycles can be set at a 180 phase differ-ence in the 360~ machine cycle and the start of each section cycle can be adjusted to the actual arrival of a gob at the mold.
Insummary, the above-described embodiments concern a gob detection means for generating a detection signal in res-ponse to the presence of a gob of molten glass at the forming means in a glassware forming machine. The machine includes means for distributing gobs of molten glass at a predetermined rate from a source of the gobs; means for forming glassware articles in a timed, predetermined sequence of steps from the gobs received from the distri.buting means and control means responsive to the rate of gob distribution for cyclically con- ~;~
trolling the actuation of the forming means in cycles of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps. The control means is responsive to the detection signal for starting the next cycle of the timed predetermined sequence of steps. Where the forming means includes a multi-cavity mold, a gob detection means is associated with each cavity and means responsive to the simul-taneous generation of all of the detection signals generates a last gob detection signal to -the control means for s-tarting the next cycle.
~ n accordance ~ith the provisions of the patent statutes, the principle and mode of operation of the invention have been explained in its preEerred embodiment. However, it must be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without depar-ting from its spirit or scope.
Claims (23)
1. A glassware forming machine having means for distributing gobs of molten glass at a predetermined rate from a source of the gobs; means for forming glassware articles in a timed, predetermined sequence of steps from the gobs received from the distributing means; control means responsive to the rate of gob distribution for cyclically controlling the actuation of the forming means in cycles of the timed, pre-determined sequence of steps, and gob detection means responsive to the presence of a gob proximate the forming means for generating a time reference signal to the control means, and wherein the control means includes means responsive to a time reference signal for determining the starting time of a subsequent cycle of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps.
2. A glassware forming machine according to claim 1 wherein said detection means includes a gob sensor positioned adjacent the path of travel of the gobs between the distributing means and the forming means, said sensor being responsive to the presence of each of the gobs for generating a sensor signal, and a gob detector circuit responsive to said sensor signal for generating said time reference signal.
3. A glassware forming machine according to claim 2 wherein said sensor includes a phototransistor responsive to the light emitted by the gob for generating said sensor signal.
4. A glassware forming machine according to claim 2 wherein said gob detector circuit includes a source of a threshold signal and a comparator having a first input to receive the sensor signal and a second input to receive the threshold signal and being responsive to the magnitudes of said sensor signal and said threshold signal for generating said time reference signal when the magnitude of said sensor signal crosses the magnitude of said threshold signal.
5. A glassware forming machine according to claim 4 wherein said comparator is responsive to the magnitude of said sensor signal becoming less than the magnitude of said threshold signal.
6. A glassware forming machine according to claim 4 wherein the detector circuit comprises means other than the comparator for terminating the time reference signal after a predetermined time following onset of the sensor signal, should the sensor signal still persist at that time; said means being responsive to the generation of the sensor signal to change the magnitude of the signal developed at the first input of the comparator by the sensor signal so that, if at the predetermined time the sensor signal still persists, the signal magnitude at said first input is brought to a value at which it again crosses the threshold signal to cause the comparator to terminate the time reference signal; said means being such as to maintain said changed signal magnitude at said first input for as long as the sensor signal persists, whereby the time reference is necessarily terminated at said predetermined time should the sensor signal at that time still persist.
7. A glassware forming machine according to claim 6 wherein said comparator has means responsive to said time time reference signal for increasing the magnitude of said threshold signal when the time reference signal is generated.
8. A glassware forming machine according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3 including a plurality of individual sections each having means for forming glassware articles in a timed, predetermined sequence of steps from the gobs received from the distributing means, the control means cyclically controlling the actuation of the forming means in cycles of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps, the cycle of any one of said plurality of individual sections being phased in time with respect to the cycles of any other one of said plurality of individual sections, wherein said detection means is responsive to the presence of a gob at the forming means of said one individual section for generating said time reference signal, and wherein said means responsive to that signal adjusts the starting time the next cycle of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps for said one individual section.
9. A glassware forming machine according to any of claims 1, 2 or 3 including a multi-cavity mold for forming the glassware articles; a plurality of gob detection means, one of said plurality of gob detection means associated with each of said cavities for generating said time reference signal in response to the presence of a gob at said associated cavity, and means responsive to the generation of time reference signals by all of said gob detection means for generating a further time reference signal, indicating that all the gobs have been received, to said means responsive to a time reference signal whereby that means determines the starting time of the next cycle of the timed, predetermined sequence of steps.
10. A glassware forming machine according to claim 3 wherein said gob sensor includes a housing for the phototransistor having a central cavity formed therein and an aperture formed therein connecting said central cavity with the exterior of said housing and wherein said phototransistor is mounted in said central cavity whereby said aperture forms a window to limit the view such that the leading edge of said gob is sharply detected.
11. A glassware forming machine according to claim 10 wherein said aperture is approximately one-eighth inch in diameter by one-half inch in length.
12. An apparatus for detecting the presence of the last gob to enter a multi-cavity mold in a glassware forming machine, the apparatus comprising a gob detection means for each cavity of the mold responsive to the presence of a gob thereat to generate a detection signal, and means to receive the detection signals generated by the respective gob detection means and to generate, in response thereto, a time reference signal for determining the starting time of the operations to be carried out on the gobs in the mold cavities.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said means responsive to said detection signals includes means for generating a selection signal when any cavity may not be used such as to permit the means to generate said signal when a gob is present in the other cavity or cavities.
14. An apparatus according to claim 12 comprising two of the gob detection means for use in the case where the mold has two cavities.
15. An apparatus according to any of claims 12 to 14 wherein said means responsive to said detection signals includes a monostable multivibrator, in respect of each gob detection means, responsive to the lagging edge of the respective detection signal for generating a square wave pulse of a predetermined duration; and means responsive to the coincidence of at least a portion of each of the square wave pulses for generating said time reference signal.
16. An apparatus according to claim 13 or 14 wherein said means responsive to said detection signals further includes an OR
gate having one input connected to receive a square wave pulse from the gob detection means provided for a cavity which may not be used, and another input connected to said means for generating a selection signal, said selection signal being generated as a "O" when said cavity is to be used and as a "l" when said cavity is not to be used, said OR gate being responsive to the simultaneous generation of said square wave pulse and said "O" selection signal for transmitting the square wave pulse as an output signal and being responsive to said "1" selection signal for generating a "1" output signal; and NAND means responsive to the simultaneous generation of a square wave pulse by the or each other monostable multivibrator and said transmitted second square wave pulse or said "l"
output signal by said OR gate for generating said time reference signal.
gate having one input connected to receive a square wave pulse from the gob detection means provided for a cavity which may not be used, and another input connected to said means for generating a selection signal, said selection signal being generated as a "O" when said cavity is to be used and as a "l" when said cavity is not to be used, said OR gate being responsive to the simultaneous generation of said square wave pulse and said "O" selection signal for transmitting the square wave pulse as an output signal and being responsive to said "1" selection signal for generating a "1" output signal; and NAND means responsive to the simultaneous generation of a square wave pulse by the or each other monostable multivibrator and said transmitted second square wave pulse or said "l"
output signal by said OR gate for generating said time reference signal.
17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 12 wherein each gob detection means comprises a gob sensor responsive to the presence of a gob to generate a sensor signal, and a gob detector circuit responsive to a sensor signal to generate said detection signal.
18. An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein each gob detector circuit includes a source of a threshold signal and a comparator having a first input to receive the sensor signal and a second input to receive the threshold signal and being responsive to the magnitudes of said sensor signal and said threshold signal for generating said detection signal when the magnitude of said sensor signal crosses the magnitude of said threshold signal.
19. An apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the detector circuit comprises means other than the comparator for terminating the detector signal after a predetermined time following onset of the sensor signal, should the sensor signal still persist at that time; said means being responsive to the generation of the sensor signal to change the magnitude of the signal developed at the first input of the comparator by the sensor signal so that, if at the predetermined time the sensor signal still persists, the signal magnitude at said first input is brought to a value at which it again crosses the threshold signal to cause the comparator to terminate the detector signal; said means being such as to maintain said changed signal magnitude at said first input for as long as the sensor signal persists, whereby the detector signal is necessarily terminated at said predetermined time should the sensor signal at that time still persist.
20. An apparatus according to claim 19 wherein said comparator has means responsive to said detector signal for increasing the magnitude of said threshold signal when the detector signal is generated.
21. An apparatus according to any of claims 17, 18 or 19 wherein each sensor includes a phototransistor responsive to the light emitted by the gob for generating said sensor signal.
22. An apparatus according to claim 21 wherein each gob sensor comprises a housing for the phototransistor having a central cavity formed therein and an aperture formed therein connecting said central cavity with the exterior of said housing and wherein said phototransistor is mounted in said central cavity whereby said aperture forms a window to limit the view such that the leading edge of said gob is sharply detected.
23. An apparatus according to claim 22 wherein said aperture is approximately one-eighth inch in diameter by one-half inch in length.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2904383A DE2904383C2 (en) | 1979-02-06 | 1979-02-06 | Automatic control arrangement for a glass forming machine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1131031A true CA1131031A (en) | 1982-09-07 |
Family
ID=6062253
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA319,751A Expired CA1131031A (en) | 1979-02-06 | 1979-01-16 | Hot gob detector for a glassware forming machine |
| CA389,984A Expired CA1134147A (en) | 1979-02-06 | 1981-11-12 | Hot gob detector for a glassware forming machine |
| CA000389985A Expired CA1135059A (en) | 1979-02-06 | 1981-11-12 | Hot gob detector for a glassware forming machine |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA389,984A Expired CA1134147A (en) | 1979-02-06 | 1981-11-12 | Hot gob detector for a glassware forming machine |
| CA000389985A Expired CA1135059A (en) | 1979-02-06 | 1981-11-12 | Hot gob detector for a glassware forming machine |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| BE (1) | BE873893A (en) |
| CA (3) | CA1131031A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH641748A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2904383C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2447889A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL183478C (en) |
| SE (2) | SE418959B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0059572B1 (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1985-03-06 | Emhart Industries, Inc. | A method of monitoring a glassware forming process |
| US4453963A (en) * | 1982-07-29 | 1984-06-12 | Emhart Industries, Inc. | Method and apparatus for controlling the delivery of gobs to a section of a glassware forming machine |
| US4574009A (en) * | 1985-01-07 | 1986-03-04 | Owens-Illinois, Inc. | Gob arrival sensor for a glass forming machine |
| JPH07105194B2 (en) * | 1991-09-24 | 1995-11-13 | 岩崎電気株式会社 | Fuzzy control device for glass tube sealing process for lamps |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH388229A (en) * | 1960-02-20 | 1965-02-28 | Charles Pfister Marcel | Probe head for scanning rolled material |
| GB1239208A (en) * | 1967-11-15 | 1971-07-14 | ||
| GB1336008A (en) * | 1970-11-30 | 1973-11-07 | Decca Ltd | Detecting systems |
| DE2224348B2 (en) * | 1972-05-18 | 1976-05-26 | Erwin Sick Optik-Elektronik, 7808 Waldkirch | PHOTOELECTRIC BARRIER |
| US4007028A (en) * | 1975-09-30 | 1977-02-08 | Reliance Electric Company | Electronically controlled glassware-forming machine |
| US4175231A (en) * | 1976-09-28 | 1979-11-20 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Device for detecting a moving body |
| MX145266A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1982-01-19 | Fabricacion De Maquinas Sa | IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR GLASS AND THERMOPLASTIC ARTICLE FORMING MACHINES |
-
1979
- 1979-01-16 CA CA319,751A patent/CA1131031A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-23 SE SE7900608A patent/SE418959B/en unknown
- 1979-01-23 NL NLAANVRAGE7900518,A patent/NL183478C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-01-31 FR FR7902521A patent/FR2447889A1/en active Granted
- 1979-02-02 BE BE193232A patent/BE873893A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-06 DE DE2904383A patent/DE2904383C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-02-16 CH CH157179A patent/CH641748A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1980
- 1980-10-06 SE SE8006985A patent/SE433075B/en unknown
-
1981
- 1981-11-12 CA CA389,984A patent/CA1134147A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-11-12 CA CA000389985A patent/CA1135059A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL183478C (en) | 1988-11-01 |
| FR2447889B1 (en) | 1983-11-04 |
| BE873893A (en) | 1979-05-29 |
| SE418959B (en) | 1981-07-06 |
| CH641748A5 (en) | 1984-03-15 |
| SE433075B (en) | 1984-05-07 |
| NL7900518A (en) | 1980-07-25 |
| SE8006985L (en) | 1981-05-04 |
| DE2904383A1 (en) | 1980-08-07 |
| CA1134147A (en) | 1982-10-26 |
| SE7900608L (en) | 1980-07-24 |
| CA1135059A (en) | 1982-11-09 |
| DE2904383C2 (en) | 1982-12-02 |
| FR2447889A1 (en) | 1980-08-29 |
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