CA1120122A - Ice sensor for power lines - Google Patents
Ice sensor for power linesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1120122A CA1120122A CA000319371A CA319371A CA1120122A CA 1120122 A CA1120122 A CA 1120122A CA 000319371 A CA000319371 A CA 000319371A CA 319371 A CA319371 A CA 319371A CA 1120122 A CA1120122 A CA 1120122A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- load
- power transmission
- transmission line
- sensor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors, comprising load sensors installed along a power transmission line at the point of suspension of the li-ne conductors to the supporting structure, and ice load sensors mounted directly on the line conductors. The outputs of each load sensor and ice load sensor are connected to the inputs of a respective transducer converting the sensor output signal into a high-frequency delivered to the high-frequency signal receiver. Each ice load sensor has a source of radioactive ra-diation and a radiation detector. Such an embodiment of the device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors al-lows determining the magnitude of the ice load component of the resultant load on the line conductor.
A device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors, comprising load sensors installed along a power transmission line at the point of suspension of the li-ne conductors to the supporting structure, and ice load sensors mounted directly on the line conductors. The outputs of each load sensor and ice load sensor are connected to the inputs of a respective transducer converting the sensor output signal into a high-frequency delivered to the high-frequency signal receiver. Each ice load sensor has a source of radioactive ra-diation and a radiation detector. Such an embodiment of the device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors al-lows determining the magnitude of the ice load component of the resultant load on the line conductor.
Description
()12'~
Field o the Invention The invention relates to electric power transmission lines, and more particularly to a device ~or telemetering the effect of loads on the line conductors.
The invention is used for monitoring the loads created on overhead line conductors by accumulated ice and may also serve formeasuringother line conductor loads, such as wind pressure and the dynamic stresses due to the conductors swinging with a considerable amplitude.
Background of the Invention Known in the art is a device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors tcf. "Energetika za Rubezhom", Telemetering of Ice Loading of Power Transmission Line Conductors, BTI ORGRES, Moscow, 1967, p.3-14, Fig. 1) comprising load sensors arranged along power transmission lines located in regions where ice and sleet is a problem. Each load sensor is attached to the point of suspension of the line conductor to the supporting structure and is coupled electrically to a transducer converting the load sensor output signal into a high-frequency signal supplied via a communication channel to the high-frequency signal receiver installed at the nearest substation or at the control station.
The device also has ice load sensors mounted on the power transmission line and coupled electrically to a tranaucer con-verting the sensor output signal into an electric signal.
The above-mentioned device for telemetering the loads on power transmission line conductors measures the resultant con-ductor load including the weight o~ the conductor and accumulated ice, wind pressure and the dynamic stresses caused by the conductor swing. The wind pressure may alter the resultant conductor load by several hundreds of kilograms. The most important component of the resultant conductor load is the ice loading that can be eliminated effectively by melting the ice.
11;~0~22 The data on the degree of conductor loading is trans-mitted by radio from the line supporting structure carrying the load sensor to the substation or control station receiver.
The ice load sensor and the radio communication antenna are mounted on a wooden pole and transmit the ice load signal before the ice accumulates on the line conductors.
The ice load sensor comprises a spherically wound piece of wire suspended so that the weight of 60 to 90 grams of ice accumulated on the wire causes the operation of a microswitch which switches o~er the signal transmission line from the load sensor.
llhus, the information on the ice loading of the line conductor contains data on the conductor load and the appearance of ice. However, the installation of the ice load sensor beyond the line conductor does not allow obtaining reliable information on the actual degree of ice loading of the power transmission line conductors.
The device employing a spherical ice load sensor also has other disadvantages. The data provided by the device has to be analyzed each year to establish the correlation between the rate of ice accumulation indicated by the ice load sensor and the subse~uent accumulation of ice on the line conductors.
Moreover, the ice load sensor is subject to frequent mechanical failures and has a tendency to freeze.
Another disadvantage of the known device is that it does not provide reliable information on the ice loading of a line conductor, which makes it impossible to make a proper decision as to the necessity and efficiency of melting the accumulated ice.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly efficient device for telemetering loads on power transmis-sion line conductors.
.~
~ - 2 -llZ0~22 Another object of the present invention i8 to simplify the design features of the device.
These objects are accomplished by that in a device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors, com-prising load sensors arranged along transmission lines in ice and sleet hazardous locations and attached at the points of suspen-sion of the line conductors to the supporting structures, said sensors being coupled electrically to a respective transducer converting the load sensor output signal into a high-frequency signal delivered to a high-frequency signal receiver, and ice load sensors mounted on the power transmission line and coupled electrically to a respective transducer converting the ice load sensor output signal into a high-frequency signal, in accor-dance with the invention, each ice load sensor is provided with a source of radioactive radiation, secured directly on one of the line conductors, and a radioactive radiation detector mounted on the same line conductor on the path of the radiation and coupled electrically to the transducer converting the load sensor out-put signal into a high-frequency signal.
Such an embodiment of the hereinproposed device for télemetering loads on power transmission line conductors makes it possible to establish the nature of the resultant load and determine the magnitude of the ice load component, thus allowing the ice to be efficiently melted without undue losses.
Brief Description of Accompanying Drawings The invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a device for telemetering loads of power transmission lines conductors in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an isometric representation of the device for telemetering loads of power transmission line conductors in accor-11'~012'~
dance with the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention The hereinproposed device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors comprises load sensors 1 (Fig. 1~ installed along a power transmission line passing through a region affected by ice accumulation on line conductors. Such areas are determined from the results of meteorological surveys.
Each load sensor 1 is fixed in place at the point of suspension of a line conductor 2 to a supporting structure 3 between insu-lators 4 and the line conductor a. The load sensors 1 may beof any known type employed for the purpose.
In the vicinity of the load sensor 1, the same line con-ductor 2 carries a transducer 5 converting the load sensor out-put signal into a high-frequency signal. The transducer has two inputs 6 and 7. The load sensor 1 is coupled electrically to the transducer 5, its output being connected to the input 6 of the transducer 5.
The device has an ice load sensor 8 also attached to the line conductor 2 having its output connected to the input 7 o the transducer 5. The transducer 5 serves for converting the signals delivered from the load sensor 1 and the ice load sensor 8 into a high-frequency signal and supplying it to a telemetering signal receiver 9. The signals of the load sensors 1 and 8 àre supplied successively by a time switch (not shown) of the trans-ducer that converts the load sensor signals into high-frequency signals. An inductive source of supply may be used or the de-vice (cf. "Energetika za Rubezhom", Telemetering of Ice Loading of Power Transmission Line Conductors, BTI ORGRES, Moscow, 1967, p. 11, Fig. 5) The ice load sensor 8 comprises a source 10 of radioactive radiation mounted directly on the line conductor and a radiation detector 11 fitted on the same line conductor on the path of the radiation.
~' - 4 -0~2Z
Since the ice layer 12 is usually of unequal thickness around the perimeter o~ the line conducto~ 2, it is of adv~ntage to employ an annular ice load sensor 8 (Fig. 2).
The source 10 of radioactive radiation is in the form of a cylindrical container mounted coaxially on the line con-ductor 2. The end of the container, facing the detector 11, has radiation emitting openings even~ly distributed along the circum-ference of the end face. The diameter of the circumference is 1 to 2 mm greater than that of the line conductor 2.
The detector 11 of radioactive radiation is in the form of a ring with stiffening ribs mounted coaxially on the line con-ductor 2. The end of the detector 11, facing the source of radiation 10, has radiation sensitive elements evenly spaced along a circumference 2 to 20 mm greater ln diameter than the permis-sible thickness of the ice accumulated on the line conductors.
The permissible thickness of the ice layer is determined according to the mechanical strength of the line conductors.
The openings emitting the radioactive radiation are made so that the radiation is incident upon the sensitive elements of the detector 11.
The hereinproposed device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors operates in the following man-ner.
When ice accumulates or wind blows on the line conductor
Field o the Invention The invention relates to electric power transmission lines, and more particularly to a device ~or telemetering the effect of loads on the line conductors.
The invention is used for monitoring the loads created on overhead line conductors by accumulated ice and may also serve formeasuringother line conductor loads, such as wind pressure and the dynamic stresses due to the conductors swinging with a considerable amplitude.
Background of the Invention Known in the art is a device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors tcf. "Energetika za Rubezhom", Telemetering of Ice Loading of Power Transmission Line Conductors, BTI ORGRES, Moscow, 1967, p.3-14, Fig. 1) comprising load sensors arranged along power transmission lines located in regions where ice and sleet is a problem. Each load sensor is attached to the point of suspension of the line conductor to the supporting structure and is coupled electrically to a transducer converting the load sensor output signal into a high-frequency signal supplied via a communication channel to the high-frequency signal receiver installed at the nearest substation or at the control station.
The device also has ice load sensors mounted on the power transmission line and coupled electrically to a tranaucer con-verting the sensor output signal into an electric signal.
The above-mentioned device for telemetering the loads on power transmission line conductors measures the resultant con-ductor load including the weight o~ the conductor and accumulated ice, wind pressure and the dynamic stresses caused by the conductor swing. The wind pressure may alter the resultant conductor load by several hundreds of kilograms. The most important component of the resultant conductor load is the ice loading that can be eliminated effectively by melting the ice.
11;~0~22 The data on the degree of conductor loading is trans-mitted by radio from the line supporting structure carrying the load sensor to the substation or control station receiver.
The ice load sensor and the radio communication antenna are mounted on a wooden pole and transmit the ice load signal before the ice accumulates on the line conductors.
The ice load sensor comprises a spherically wound piece of wire suspended so that the weight of 60 to 90 grams of ice accumulated on the wire causes the operation of a microswitch which switches o~er the signal transmission line from the load sensor.
llhus, the information on the ice loading of the line conductor contains data on the conductor load and the appearance of ice. However, the installation of the ice load sensor beyond the line conductor does not allow obtaining reliable information on the actual degree of ice loading of the power transmission line conductors.
The device employing a spherical ice load sensor also has other disadvantages. The data provided by the device has to be analyzed each year to establish the correlation between the rate of ice accumulation indicated by the ice load sensor and the subse~uent accumulation of ice on the line conductors.
Moreover, the ice load sensor is subject to frequent mechanical failures and has a tendency to freeze.
Another disadvantage of the known device is that it does not provide reliable information on the ice loading of a line conductor, which makes it impossible to make a proper decision as to the necessity and efficiency of melting the accumulated ice.
Summary of the Invention It is an object of the present invention to provide a highly efficient device for telemetering loads on power transmis-sion line conductors.
.~
~ - 2 -llZ0~22 Another object of the present invention i8 to simplify the design features of the device.
These objects are accomplished by that in a device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors, com-prising load sensors arranged along transmission lines in ice and sleet hazardous locations and attached at the points of suspen-sion of the line conductors to the supporting structures, said sensors being coupled electrically to a respective transducer converting the load sensor output signal into a high-frequency signal delivered to a high-frequency signal receiver, and ice load sensors mounted on the power transmission line and coupled electrically to a respective transducer converting the ice load sensor output signal into a high-frequency signal, in accor-dance with the invention, each ice load sensor is provided with a source of radioactive radiation, secured directly on one of the line conductors, and a radioactive radiation detector mounted on the same line conductor on the path of the radiation and coupled electrically to the transducer converting the load sensor out-put signal into a high-frequency signal.
Such an embodiment of the hereinproposed device for télemetering loads on power transmission line conductors makes it possible to establish the nature of the resultant load and determine the magnitude of the ice load component, thus allowing the ice to be efficiently melted without undue losses.
Brief Description of Accompanying Drawings The invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a device for telemetering loads of power transmission lines conductors in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an isometric representation of the device for telemetering loads of power transmission line conductors in accor-11'~012'~
dance with the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention The hereinproposed device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors comprises load sensors 1 (Fig. 1~ installed along a power transmission line passing through a region affected by ice accumulation on line conductors. Such areas are determined from the results of meteorological surveys.
Each load sensor 1 is fixed in place at the point of suspension of a line conductor 2 to a supporting structure 3 between insu-lators 4 and the line conductor a. The load sensors 1 may beof any known type employed for the purpose.
In the vicinity of the load sensor 1, the same line con-ductor 2 carries a transducer 5 converting the load sensor out-put signal into a high-frequency signal. The transducer has two inputs 6 and 7. The load sensor 1 is coupled electrically to the transducer 5, its output being connected to the input 6 of the transducer 5.
The device has an ice load sensor 8 also attached to the line conductor 2 having its output connected to the input 7 o the transducer 5. The transducer 5 serves for converting the signals delivered from the load sensor 1 and the ice load sensor 8 into a high-frequency signal and supplying it to a telemetering signal receiver 9. The signals of the load sensors 1 and 8 àre supplied successively by a time switch (not shown) of the trans-ducer that converts the load sensor signals into high-frequency signals. An inductive source of supply may be used or the de-vice (cf. "Energetika za Rubezhom", Telemetering of Ice Loading of Power Transmission Line Conductors, BTI ORGRES, Moscow, 1967, p. 11, Fig. 5) The ice load sensor 8 comprises a source 10 of radioactive radiation mounted directly on the line conductor and a radiation detector 11 fitted on the same line conductor on the path of the radiation.
~' - 4 -0~2Z
Since the ice layer 12 is usually of unequal thickness around the perimeter o~ the line conducto~ 2, it is of adv~ntage to employ an annular ice load sensor 8 (Fig. 2).
The source 10 of radioactive radiation is in the form of a cylindrical container mounted coaxially on the line con-ductor 2. The end of the container, facing the detector 11, has radiation emitting openings even~ly distributed along the circum-ference of the end face. The diameter of the circumference is 1 to 2 mm greater than that of the line conductor 2.
The detector 11 of radioactive radiation is in the form of a ring with stiffening ribs mounted coaxially on the line con-ductor 2. The end of the detector 11, facing the source of radiation 10, has radiation sensitive elements evenly spaced along a circumference 2 to 20 mm greater ln diameter than the permis-sible thickness of the ice accumulated on the line conductors.
The permissible thickness of the ice layer is determined according to the mechanical strength of the line conductors.
The openings emitting the radioactive radiation are made so that the radiation is incident upon the sensitive elements of the detector 11.
The hereinproposed device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors operates in the following man-ner.
When ice accumulates or wind blows on the line conductor
2 (see Fig. 1), the load sensor 1 producès a signal in proportion to the resultant load. The load sensor output signal is supplied to the input 6 of the transducer 5 that converts it into a high-frequency signal. The radioactive radiation emmited by the source 10 passes through the layer of ice 12, is partially absorbed by the layer, and the remaining part of the radiation is registered by the detector 11, becomes an electric pulse delivered to the transducer 5 converting it into an electric signal.
11'~0122 The transducer 5 supplies the communication ch-lnnel with a high~frequency carrier periodically time-modulated so as to deliver the ice load signal of the sensor 8 and the load signal of the sensor 1 separately. The ice load carrier signal of the sensor 8 has, for instance, a 3-sec duration and the load carrier signal of sensor has a 4-sec duration. The interval between the two siynals may be, for instance, of 10-sec duration.
The difference in time of delivery of the high-frequency carrier signal makes it possible to distinguish between the information obtained from the signals of the sensors 1 and 8.
The radio communication channel or high-voltage phase-ground conductor of the power transmission line may serve as the communication channel delivering the high-frequency signal to the receiver 9.
~ ~ - 6 -
11'~0122 The transducer 5 supplies the communication ch-lnnel with a high~frequency carrier periodically time-modulated so as to deliver the ice load signal of the sensor 8 and the load signal of the sensor 1 separately. The ice load carrier signal of the sensor 8 has, for instance, a 3-sec duration and the load carrier signal of sensor has a 4-sec duration. The interval between the two siynals may be, for instance, of 10-sec duration.
The difference in time of delivery of the high-frequency carrier signal makes it possible to distinguish between the information obtained from the signals of the sensors 1 and 8.
The radio communication channel or high-voltage phase-ground conductor of the power transmission line may serve as the communication channel delivering the high-frequency signal to the receiver 9.
~ ~ - 6 -
Claims
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A device for telemetering loads on power transmission line conductors, comprising:
a plurality of load sensors installed along a power transmission line to measure the load on the line conductors, each load sensor being fixed in place at a point of suspension of one of said line conductors to a supporting structure of said power transmission line and having an output;
a plurality of transducers converting the load sensor output signal into a high-frequency signal, the number of said transducers being equal to the number of said load sensors, each transducer shaping and transmitting a high-frequency signal, and having two inputs, a first of said inputs being connected to the output of a respective load sensor;
sources of power for said transducers;
a plurality of ice sensors mounted along said power transmission line, each ice sensor being attached to said line conductor and having an output connected to a second of said inputs of a respective transducer, said ice sensors producing an output signal in proportion to the thickness of the ice layer accumulated on said line conductor, source of radioactive radiation mounted on said line conductor, each source of radioactive radiation being mounted in relation to a respective ice sensor;
a detector of radioactive radiation mounted on said line conductor in the path of the radiation from a respective source of radioactive radiation; and a high-frequency signal receiver receiving the signals of said transducers.
a plurality of load sensors installed along a power transmission line to measure the load on the line conductors, each load sensor being fixed in place at a point of suspension of one of said line conductors to a supporting structure of said power transmission line and having an output;
a plurality of transducers converting the load sensor output signal into a high-frequency signal, the number of said transducers being equal to the number of said load sensors, each transducer shaping and transmitting a high-frequency signal, and having two inputs, a first of said inputs being connected to the output of a respective load sensor;
sources of power for said transducers;
a plurality of ice sensors mounted along said power transmission line, each ice sensor being attached to said line conductor and having an output connected to a second of said inputs of a respective transducer, said ice sensors producing an output signal in proportion to the thickness of the ice layer accumulated on said line conductor, source of radioactive radiation mounted on said line conductor, each source of radioactive radiation being mounted in relation to a respective ice sensor;
a detector of radioactive radiation mounted on said line conductor in the path of the radiation from a respective source of radioactive radiation; and a high-frequency signal receiver receiving the signals of said transducers.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000319371A CA1120122A (en) | 1979-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Ice sensor for power lines |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000319371A CA1120122A (en) | 1979-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Ice sensor for power lines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1120122A true CA1120122A (en) | 1982-03-16 |
Family
ID=4113282
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000319371A Expired CA1120122A (en) | 1979-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Ice sensor for power lines |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1120122A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5453697A (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-09-26 | Carma Industries | Technique for calibrating a transformer element |
-
1979
- 1979-01-09 CA CA000319371A patent/CA1120122A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5453697A (en) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-09-26 | Carma Industries | Technique for calibrating a transformer element |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |