CA1086797A - Tamper-proof indicia-bearing article - Google Patents
Tamper-proof indicia-bearing articleInfo
- Publication number
- CA1086797A CA1086797A CA315,724A CA315724A CA1086797A CA 1086797 A CA1086797 A CA 1086797A CA 315724 A CA315724 A CA 315724A CA 1086797 A CA1086797 A CA 1086797A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- indicia
- article
- coating
- sheet
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An indicia-bearing article for conveying information from one person to a second person in such a way that the information cannot be sur-reptitiously detected by an intervening person. The indicia-bearing article is so constructed that detection of the indicia necessarily requires some irreparable and detectable disfigurement or mutilation of the article. Use of the article in lottery ticket distribution and use in connection with the transfer of highly confidentail governmental or business information, are typical applications. The most advantageous construction of the invention combines means to avoid surreptitious detection of the hidden indicia by optical, chemical, thermal and mechanical processes.
An indicia-bearing article for conveying information from one person to a second person in such a way that the information cannot be sur-reptitiously detected by an intervening person. The indicia-bearing article is so constructed that detection of the indicia necessarily requires some irreparable and detectable disfigurement or mutilation of the article. Use of the article in lottery ticket distribution and use in connection with the transfer of highly confidentail governmental or business information, are typical applications. The most advantageous construction of the invention combines means to avoid surreptitious detection of the hidden indicia by optical, chemical, thermal and mechanical processes.
Description
8~
The invention relates to an indicia-bearing article such as a letter, ticket, etc. wherein the indicia rmlst remain undetected for effec-tive utilization thereof by the intended recipient. A lottery ticket may serve as a model for such indicia-bearing articles, but it is to be under-stood that it represents but one of many applications for such an article.
For example, such articles have su~stantial utility in the mailing of credit cards, the transferal of such military information as code keys, the transferal of confidential business information and the like.
The problems associated with distribution of lottery tickets serve ~ 10 to illustrate the problems associated with the secret distribution of any -~ readable information. Modern ~echnology gives the unauthorized person a wide number of techniques with which he may attempt an unauthorized reading of information.
Among techniques that may be employed is the use o~ radiation including the use of X-rays, candling, fiber optics, lasers, infra red and microscopy or any combinations of these. Micro-surgical techniques, perhaps followed by reglueing, are available. Other techniques include using chemicals or thermal effects to read the information. All of these techniques must be guarded against. ~he possible gains to a third party are high enough to justify a considerable investment in time and money to screen a construction for any vulnerability to detection using any of the foresaid methods. Absolute protection is desirable, but constructions which can be "solved" by techniques taking more than 10 to 15 minutes are also useful in some procedures wherein the information from a large number of articles is being screened rather than obtained for its intrinsic value.
Present technlques for protecting such information are weak. Mere ` scratch coatings are used over the indicia. In some applications, invisible j magnetic recording is utilized. Other procedures known in the art include ,, ', .
. ~
... ., ., ,.. .~ . . : - .,.. - , . . :
~: , . :. .- ,: ::
:: - - . - . .
7~7 use of luminescent spot codes readable under ultra-violet light (United States Patent 3,~6~,8~1); a procedure for destroying a personal photograph on a credit card if the card is tampered with (United States Patent 3,679,~9); and inter-mixing of chemicals to destroy an identification serial number on tampering with the card ~United States Patent 3,707,300~. None of these techniques is directed to solving ~he problem to which applicants have directed their efforts.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a printing sheet for use in receiving indicia which is to be concealed by a subsequent cover sheet, said printing sheet comprising a polymer-based, thermally-responsive coating which will irreversibly change appearance on exposure to temperatures above 180F~
A cover sheet may be adhesively laminated to an indicia-bearing printing sheet to provide an indicia-bearing article of the type wherein said indicia is not readily detectable except by irreversible alteration of the article.
Preferably, the indicia-bearing sheet comprises a substrate sheet forming a mechanically stable means for manipulating and handling the indicia-bearing sheet and a release coating between the said substrate sheet and an indicia-bearing surface of the indicia-bearing sheet to form means to cause preerential delamination of said article along a plane formed by said release coating before any delamination takes place at along the indicia-bearing sur-face.
With such a construction, attempts to delaminate the article mechan-ically have two related results. First, delamination occurs at a point which will not reveal the indicia. As important, the manipulator is deprived of the relative mechanical stability of a substrate should he elect to continue his eEorts to read the indicia.
There may be provided, in close proximity to the indicia, upon a - : . - ,. ~ -, ..
. . : ~ ' . , '. '.
' . ', ' ~ ' " ', ' , , ~ ' .. ~ . ' . ' 79~7 s~lbstrate therefore at least one dye coated proximate said polymer-based coating and wherein said dye and said coating are selected that the appearance of said indicia-bearing article will be altered by both aliphatic and aromatic solvents.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is pro-vided a process for making an article comprising indicia hidden therein said process comprising the steps of ~1) printing said indicia on a surface which comprises chemical and thermally-sensitive coatings, said coa~ings forming means to visually manifest subsequent thermal or chemical tampering with said article, ~2) providing a release interface between said coatings and a sub-strate therefore, with the coatings and the substrate together forming an opaque sheet, (3) covering in predetermined register, said printed indicia with an information-bearing, opaque sheet and sealing said sheet to said printed suriace with a bond stronger than any bond ~t said releas~ interEace.
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In a typical ticket-type embodiment, a first laJninate ls adapted to receive random computer-selected indicia a~d a con-trol number thereupon before the indicia is hidden by lamination to a second sheet material over the indicia. It should be understood that often, it will be desirable -to assure that the control number remains visible by selectively avoiding opaque coatings thereover. Other times, it may be desirable to hide the control number also. This of course depends upon the function of the number within any given security system.
This control number helps to assure further that a publicly-announced winning number cannot be counterfeited. The counterfeiter wouldhave no way of knowing the corresponding control number, that information being within the ken of only a few officials who, presumably, hold it in trust. It will be understood that if such a control number is to remain visible, ~indows will be left in remaining layers to achieve this result.
The second sheet material comprises an adhesive which adheres to the computer printed surface, a transparent shield which is adhered to the printed surface by the adhesive, and a scratch coat over the shield.
The first laminate is carried on a substrate member, preferably paper, and comprises a radiation-blocking coating and a coat bearing a chemically-susceptible coloring agent. Also, the first laminate comprises a heat-responsive coating which will change its characteristics if heat is applied thereto.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodi-ments of the present invention Figure 1 illustrates, schematically, a fragmentary elevation of a lottery ticket.
Figure 1 illustrates schematically an indicia-bearing assembly lO.
The assembly consists of two sheets: an indicia-bearing sheet 12 and a :......... .. ., ., . . .- . . : : .
: ~ :. : . . :, . . ~:
'~; : ' ' ' . ' . ' 75~7 cover sheet 1ll.
Sheet 12 is formed o~ the following materials, liste~ in ascending order from the bottom of Figure l.
Paper Substrate 16: A paper sold by Hammermill as a "sa~ety paper," any other 9 to 12 pt. board, or any other paper substrate.
Base Coat 18: A resin coating or clay coating of the type generally called a "hold-out" coat in the paper conversion industry. Its ~unction is to keep a subsequent coating ~rom penetrating excessively into a porous substrate such as 16.
Base Coat 20: This release coating can be formed of any non-adherent material including suitable sillicones, polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or chrome complex resins or the like. The important criterion is that the release be substantially easier than any other separation between two interfaces in assembly 10.
Opaque Coat 22: This coating blocks radiation from scanning the ticket effectively. A typical formulation will include carbon black, DuPont Oil Red Powder, a metal powder such as aluminum powder or barium sulfate powder or the like, and a resinous binder.
Heat and Solvent Detector Coating 24: This coating is a typical ; 20 "blush" coating. On heating to above 150F, depending upon the time o~
exposure to the heatg it will become relatively translucent. A dye is carried on or in the coating which will cause it to be colored on the ap-plication thereto of, at least, common aliphatic solvents.
Indicator 26: This is another and optional dye, conveniently printed on the Detector coating. It is soluble in selected additional sol-vents.
Indicia 27: This is merely the printing or other indicia which is to be hidden. ~ypically~ a lottery ticket will be computer printed.
.. ., . .. - - . - . ' ~ . :
`\
:
The above sheet 12 comprising a plurality of coatings is then laminated, in predetermined register, with a cover sheet 14, cover sheek 14 comprises in ascending order:
Adhe~ive 30: This is preferably a thermosettable pressure sensi-tive adhesive, which also can have a solvent-susceptible dye therewithin which will bleed defacing the sheet assembly on attack by a solvent.
Sheild 32: This overlays adhesive 30 and i5 usually formed of a tough, transparent polymer.
Removable Coat 34: Scratch coatings are i.e. those that can be removed by a simple mechanical erasing action.
Print 36: ~his can be any type of design. ~he ink should be adherent and resistant to simple chemical removal excepting that in some embodiments, it will be desirable to use an ink sensitive to some kind of solvent for the purpose of broadening the spectrum of chemicals against ~; which the ticket is protected.
~; The sheet 12 is advantageously formed by coating the paper sub-strate with a 5%-solid carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) coating. A coating of 0.5 lbs. per ream is adequate. Thereupon, a release coat 20 is overcoated upon the CMC. This release coat is formulated as follows:
Water 114 lbs.
Cellulose, thickening 1.8 lbs.
agent Chrome-complex-type material sold under the -` trade name Quilon C by 3M company 10.0 lbs.
The chrome-complex-coating is buffered, as suggested by the manu-facturer, with 1.2 lbs. of a solution formed of 16.5 parts urea, 5.0 parts sodium formate, 0.2 parts of Formic acid, and 78.3 parts of water. The coating 20 is applied at about 0.3 lbs. per ream.
9~7;;aJ~ rk `~ .
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. . .
-:. `, . . : . .
' ~.... :- : ,, , , , . . . : ,: . -~, . - .. : .
7~7 A~ter the release coat has been dried and cured as known in the art, opaque coat 22 is typically formed as ~ollows:
A dispersion of a furnace carbon black, 35% solids 175 lbs.
Aluminum paste, 70% solids 4 lbS.
thickening agents, 6% solids lO lbs.
Defoamer 10 grams 218 lbs.
This opaque, i.e. radiation-blocking, coating is applied at abou-t 6 to 7 lbs. per ream. A "ream" in this application is taken as 500 20-inch by 24-inch sheets.
Coating 26 is utilized to provide a chemical change, e.g. a color change, if solvents are used to separate or otheruise tamper with the ticket.
This coating is advantageously selected to complement the chemical character of the blush coating 24, that is, it will be selected to react to contact by chemicals to which the blush coating 24 will not react. Coating 26 can be placed above or belou coating 24. A typical coating 26:
Solution 1 Aliphatic-soluble, terpene type resin lOO lbs.
Heptane 75 lbs.
`` Oleic acid 5.0 Oil Red Powder as supplied commercially by DuPont 1.5 Solution 2 Water 98 lbs.
Triethanolamine 5.0 lbs.
Aqueous solution containing 10% ammonium caseinate 50 Sol~ltion 1 and 2 are heated separately, to 140 - 150 F and then Solution 1 is added to Solution 2 using high speed, high-shear agitation to . .;
.
:, .- , . .: .: . . : - . . . ,. :, ........ . -, . : :. .
. ~ , . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ . . . . .. - . .
.~ 7~7 assure ~ormation o~ an emulsion o~ the resin.
A polymeric pigment binder material is ~hen added to the ernulsion.
A suitable material is that sold under the trade designation Geon 460X2 by B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. This material is added in a quantity of about twice the weight o~ binder on a solid basis. The coating is then applied at 2.5 lbs. per ream using, for example, a Meyer-Rod coating system.
Detector coating 24 is typically formed as described below. This illustrated coating reveals very short-term exposure of the ticket to tem-peratures of 180 F or more, and reveals any more prolonged exposure of the ticket to temperatures in the 140 - 150F range. Such heating is manifested by irreversible changes in the appearance o~ the coating. The typical formulation:
An emulsion of polystyrene spherical beads sold under the trade designation Baticote~
7548A2 by Pierce & Stevens Co. 287.0 lbs.
A latex of the type sold under the trade designation H~AR 879 77.0 lbs.
A latex sold under the trade `'9i designation Aerysol~GS (50%) 18.0 lbs.
The resulting coating is coated upon coating 24 or 26 at a 5 to 6 lbs. per ~' ream coating weight.
~`' The indicia which one wishes to conceal from undetectable access is advan-tageously printed on coating 22, although it may also be printed on coating 24. It is worth emphasizing that the printing is selected to be non-sensible by specialized t,echniques. It would be nonsense to go to thetrOuble o~ protectlng the indicia, as has been done by applicant, and then proceed to use a detectable magnetic pigment to define the indicia unless one utilized a magnetic-shielding means appropriate to hide the indicia. This could be done by incorporating an e~fective quantity of magnetic pigment in * :~rade ~a,ks - 8 -:
~, . , ,- . . , . ~ , . , ... -, . . .
~,~ ,. .. .
~38~{37 e.g. layer 22.
It should be realized that the indicia may be printed on the top of the lower sheet 12 (as at 27) or the bottom of the cover sheet 14. Print-ing on shee-t 12 is believed to be more advantageous; but, in general, the two techniques are equivalent.
As has been indicated elsewhere in this disclosure, cover sheet 1 is laminated to the above-described sheet 12.
A 50-lb. base sheet sold under the trade designation Homer Poly-kraft Release by Ludlow Corporation is used as a transfer sheet. To this transfer sheet is added an acrylic adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive sold under the trade designation Hybond F9515 by Pierce & Stevens Co. ~he adhesive can be suitably applied at a coating weight of 7.5 lbs. per ream.
~he transfer sheet is a 25-lbs.-wt. sheet of the type often used as a foil-carrier grade.
After all of the above work has been done, it is necessary to carry out printing and finishing operations. Such operations can include slitting and line-hole punching of the sheet 12. Printing of the indicia to be hid-den may be carried out during the same pass through the press for line hole punching and in appropriate pre-determined registration with the line holes.
The transfer sheet comprising elements 32 and 30 can also be printed, e.g. with a control number that will relate to (or cross-reference) the hidden indicia. This transfer sheet can also be line-hole punched for registration with sheet 12. It will be obvious to those skilled in the web processing art that other processes for precision registration of two webs can also be utili~ed, e.g. optical sensing apparatus can be used.
The finished ticket is formed b~ the lamination, in register of sheet 12 and sheet 14 transferred from the transfer sheet. ~he transfer sheet itself, in this circumstance, forms no part of the resultant ticket.
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The lamination, of course, is such that the scratch coat 31i ~nd shield 32 cover the hidden indicia.
It shoul~ be emphasized that it is the common practice to take such constructions as are described in this application and apply a moisture-proof layer of transparent moisture-protective lacquer to either the fin-ished items or to the outer surfaces of the different webs as they are manufactured.
It should be realized -that the drawing is a schematic one illus-trative of a specific scheme. Those skilled in the art will, on reading this disclosure, understand that the d~es need not be printed on a substrate but, in most embodiments, could be as conveniently mixed into one or another of the other layers, e.g. the dyes would function substantially unimpaired, were they incorporated into the blush coating, release coating, base coating or even the pouch material. In general, it is preferred that -they be close to the indicia to be secured.
, , . : : . . .
-` ' . ` . . :
.
The invention relates to an indicia-bearing article such as a letter, ticket, etc. wherein the indicia rmlst remain undetected for effec-tive utilization thereof by the intended recipient. A lottery ticket may serve as a model for such indicia-bearing articles, but it is to be under-stood that it represents but one of many applications for such an article.
For example, such articles have su~stantial utility in the mailing of credit cards, the transferal of such military information as code keys, the transferal of confidential business information and the like.
The problems associated with distribution of lottery tickets serve ~ 10 to illustrate the problems associated with the secret distribution of any -~ readable information. Modern ~echnology gives the unauthorized person a wide number of techniques with which he may attempt an unauthorized reading of information.
Among techniques that may be employed is the use o~ radiation including the use of X-rays, candling, fiber optics, lasers, infra red and microscopy or any combinations of these. Micro-surgical techniques, perhaps followed by reglueing, are available. Other techniques include using chemicals or thermal effects to read the information. All of these techniques must be guarded against. ~he possible gains to a third party are high enough to justify a considerable investment in time and money to screen a construction for any vulnerability to detection using any of the foresaid methods. Absolute protection is desirable, but constructions which can be "solved" by techniques taking more than 10 to 15 minutes are also useful in some procedures wherein the information from a large number of articles is being screened rather than obtained for its intrinsic value.
Present technlques for protecting such information are weak. Mere ` scratch coatings are used over the indicia. In some applications, invisible j magnetic recording is utilized. Other procedures known in the art include ,, ', .
. ~
... ., ., ,.. .~ . . : - .,.. - , . . :
~: , . :. .- ,: ::
:: - - . - . .
7~7 use of luminescent spot codes readable under ultra-violet light (United States Patent 3,~6~,8~1); a procedure for destroying a personal photograph on a credit card if the card is tampered with (United States Patent 3,679,~9); and inter-mixing of chemicals to destroy an identification serial number on tampering with the card ~United States Patent 3,707,300~. None of these techniques is directed to solving ~he problem to which applicants have directed their efforts.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a printing sheet for use in receiving indicia which is to be concealed by a subsequent cover sheet, said printing sheet comprising a polymer-based, thermally-responsive coating which will irreversibly change appearance on exposure to temperatures above 180F~
A cover sheet may be adhesively laminated to an indicia-bearing printing sheet to provide an indicia-bearing article of the type wherein said indicia is not readily detectable except by irreversible alteration of the article.
Preferably, the indicia-bearing sheet comprises a substrate sheet forming a mechanically stable means for manipulating and handling the indicia-bearing sheet and a release coating between the said substrate sheet and an indicia-bearing surface of the indicia-bearing sheet to form means to cause preerential delamination of said article along a plane formed by said release coating before any delamination takes place at along the indicia-bearing sur-face.
With such a construction, attempts to delaminate the article mechan-ically have two related results. First, delamination occurs at a point which will not reveal the indicia. As important, the manipulator is deprived of the relative mechanical stability of a substrate should he elect to continue his eEorts to read the indicia.
There may be provided, in close proximity to the indicia, upon a - : . - ,. ~ -, ..
. . : ~ ' . , '. '.
' . ', ' ~ ' " ', ' , , ~ ' .. ~ . ' . ' 79~7 s~lbstrate therefore at least one dye coated proximate said polymer-based coating and wherein said dye and said coating are selected that the appearance of said indicia-bearing article will be altered by both aliphatic and aromatic solvents.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is pro-vided a process for making an article comprising indicia hidden therein said process comprising the steps of ~1) printing said indicia on a surface which comprises chemical and thermally-sensitive coatings, said coa~ings forming means to visually manifest subsequent thermal or chemical tampering with said article, ~2) providing a release interface between said coatings and a sub-strate therefore, with the coatings and the substrate together forming an opaque sheet, (3) covering in predetermined register, said printed indicia with an information-bearing, opaque sheet and sealing said sheet to said printed suriace with a bond stronger than any bond ~t said releas~ interEace.
, '1 - .. :. , ~ . - . , . .:, - , . , . : . . . ..
. . ::, ~ . ~ . : , .. : . - . .. :: - . . . ." . ~ : : :
~, ~ , ' , - . ::.-.' . ' . :
. . . .. --. - . ;. . , . . .: -- . .. :: . . , . . .. :: - . . . .
! . . .
In a typical ticket-type embodiment, a first laJninate ls adapted to receive random computer-selected indicia a~d a con-trol number thereupon before the indicia is hidden by lamination to a second sheet material over the indicia. It should be understood that often, it will be desirable -to assure that the control number remains visible by selectively avoiding opaque coatings thereover. Other times, it may be desirable to hide the control number also. This of course depends upon the function of the number within any given security system.
This control number helps to assure further that a publicly-announced winning number cannot be counterfeited. The counterfeiter wouldhave no way of knowing the corresponding control number, that information being within the ken of only a few officials who, presumably, hold it in trust. It will be understood that if such a control number is to remain visible, ~indows will be left in remaining layers to achieve this result.
The second sheet material comprises an adhesive which adheres to the computer printed surface, a transparent shield which is adhered to the printed surface by the adhesive, and a scratch coat over the shield.
The first laminate is carried on a substrate member, preferably paper, and comprises a radiation-blocking coating and a coat bearing a chemically-susceptible coloring agent. Also, the first laminate comprises a heat-responsive coating which will change its characteristics if heat is applied thereto.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodi-ments of the present invention Figure 1 illustrates, schematically, a fragmentary elevation of a lottery ticket.
Figure 1 illustrates schematically an indicia-bearing assembly lO.
The assembly consists of two sheets: an indicia-bearing sheet 12 and a :......... .. ., ., . . .- . . : : .
: ~ :. : . . :, . . ~:
'~; : ' ' ' . ' . ' 75~7 cover sheet 1ll.
Sheet 12 is formed o~ the following materials, liste~ in ascending order from the bottom of Figure l.
Paper Substrate 16: A paper sold by Hammermill as a "sa~ety paper," any other 9 to 12 pt. board, or any other paper substrate.
Base Coat 18: A resin coating or clay coating of the type generally called a "hold-out" coat in the paper conversion industry. Its ~unction is to keep a subsequent coating ~rom penetrating excessively into a porous substrate such as 16.
Base Coat 20: This release coating can be formed of any non-adherent material including suitable sillicones, polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons, such as polytetrafluoroethylene or chrome complex resins or the like. The important criterion is that the release be substantially easier than any other separation between two interfaces in assembly 10.
Opaque Coat 22: This coating blocks radiation from scanning the ticket effectively. A typical formulation will include carbon black, DuPont Oil Red Powder, a metal powder such as aluminum powder or barium sulfate powder or the like, and a resinous binder.
Heat and Solvent Detector Coating 24: This coating is a typical ; 20 "blush" coating. On heating to above 150F, depending upon the time o~
exposure to the heatg it will become relatively translucent. A dye is carried on or in the coating which will cause it to be colored on the ap-plication thereto of, at least, common aliphatic solvents.
Indicator 26: This is another and optional dye, conveniently printed on the Detector coating. It is soluble in selected additional sol-vents.
Indicia 27: This is merely the printing or other indicia which is to be hidden. ~ypically~ a lottery ticket will be computer printed.
.. ., . .. - - . - . ' ~ . :
`\
:
The above sheet 12 comprising a plurality of coatings is then laminated, in predetermined register, with a cover sheet 14, cover sheek 14 comprises in ascending order:
Adhe~ive 30: This is preferably a thermosettable pressure sensi-tive adhesive, which also can have a solvent-susceptible dye therewithin which will bleed defacing the sheet assembly on attack by a solvent.
Sheild 32: This overlays adhesive 30 and i5 usually formed of a tough, transparent polymer.
Removable Coat 34: Scratch coatings are i.e. those that can be removed by a simple mechanical erasing action.
Print 36: ~his can be any type of design. ~he ink should be adherent and resistant to simple chemical removal excepting that in some embodiments, it will be desirable to use an ink sensitive to some kind of solvent for the purpose of broadening the spectrum of chemicals against ~; which the ticket is protected.
~; The sheet 12 is advantageously formed by coating the paper sub-strate with a 5%-solid carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) coating. A coating of 0.5 lbs. per ream is adequate. Thereupon, a release coat 20 is overcoated upon the CMC. This release coat is formulated as follows:
Water 114 lbs.
Cellulose, thickening 1.8 lbs.
agent Chrome-complex-type material sold under the -` trade name Quilon C by 3M company 10.0 lbs.
The chrome-complex-coating is buffered, as suggested by the manu-facturer, with 1.2 lbs. of a solution formed of 16.5 parts urea, 5.0 parts sodium formate, 0.2 parts of Formic acid, and 78.3 parts of water. The coating 20 is applied at about 0.3 lbs. per ream.
9~7;;aJ~ rk `~ .
: `
. . .
-:. `, . . : . .
' ~.... :- : ,, , , , . . . : ,: . -~, . - .. : .
7~7 A~ter the release coat has been dried and cured as known in the art, opaque coat 22 is typically formed as ~ollows:
A dispersion of a furnace carbon black, 35% solids 175 lbs.
Aluminum paste, 70% solids 4 lbS.
thickening agents, 6% solids lO lbs.
Defoamer 10 grams 218 lbs.
This opaque, i.e. radiation-blocking, coating is applied at abou-t 6 to 7 lbs. per ream. A "ream" in this application is taken as 500 20-inch by 24-inch sheets.
Coating 26 is utilized to provide a chemical change, e.g. a color change, if solvents are used to separate or otheruise tamper with the ticket.
This coating is advantageously selected to complement the chemical character of the blush coating 24, that is, it will be selected to react to contact by chemicals to which the blush coating 24 will not react. Coating 26 can be placed above or belou coating 24. A typical coating 26:
Solution 1 Aliphatic-soluble, terpene type resin lOO lbs.
Heptane 75 lbs.
`` Oleic acid 5.0 Oil Red Powder as supplied commercially by DuPont 1.5 Solution 2 Water 98 lbs.
Triethanolamine 5.0 lbs.
Aqueous solution containing 10% ammonium caseinate 50 Sol~ltion 1 and 2 are heated separately, to 140 - 150 F and then Solution 1 is added to Solution 2 using high speed, high-shear agitation to . .;
.
:, .- , . .: .: . . : - . . . ,. :, ........ . -, . : :. .
. ~ , . . . . . . . . . . .. ~ . . . . .. - . .
.~ 7~7 assure ~ormation o~ an emulsion o~ the resin.
A polymeric pigment binder material is ~hen added to the ernulsion.
A suitable material is that sold under the trade designation Geon 460X2 by B.F. Goodrich Chemical Co. This material is added in a quantity of about twice the weight o~ binder on a solid basis. The coating is then applied at 2.5 lbs. per ream using, for example, a Meyer-Rod coating system.
Detector coating 24 is typically formed as described below. This illustrated coating reveals very short-term exposure of the ticket to tem-peratures of 180 F or more, and reveals any more prolonged exposure of the ticket to temperatures in the 140 - 150F range. Such heating is manifested by irreversible changes in the appearance o~ the coating. The typical formulation:
An emulsion of polystyrene spherical beads sold under the trade designation Baticote~
7548A2 by Pierce & Stevens Co. 287.0 lbs.
A latex of the type sold under the trade designation H~AR 879 77.0 lbs.
A latex sold under the trade `'9i designation Aerysol~GS (50%) 18.0 lbs.
The resulting coating is coated upon coating 24 or 26 at a 5 to 6 lbs. per ~' ream coating weight.
~`' The indicia which one wishes to conceal from undetectable access is advan-tageously printed on coating 22, although it may also be printed on coating 24. It is worth emphasizing that the printing is selected to be non-sensible by specialized t,echniques. It would be nonsense to go to thetrOuble o~ protectlng the indicia, as has been done by applicant, and then proceed to use a detectable magnetic pigment to define the indicia unless one utilized a magnetic-shielding means appropriate to hide the indicia. This could be done by incorporating an e~fective quantity of magnetic pigment in * :~rade ~a,ks - 8 -:
~, . , ,- . . , . ~ , . , ... -, . . .
~,~ ,. .. .
~38~{37 e.g. layer 22.
It should be realized that the indicia may be printed on the top of the lower sheet 12 (as at 27) or the bottom of the cover sheet 14. Print-ing on shee-t 12 is believed to be more advantageous; but, in general, the two techniques are equivalent.
As has been indicated elsewhere in this disclosure, cover sheet 1 is laminated to the above-described sheet 12.
A 50-lb. base sheet sold under the trade designation Homer Poly-kraft Release by Ludlow Corporation is used as a transfer sheet. To this transfer sheet is added an acrylic adhesive, a pressure sensitive adhesive sold under the trade designation Hybond F9515 by Pierce & Stevens Co. ~he adhesive can be suitably applied at a coating weight of 7.5 lbs. per ream.
~he transfer sheet is a 25-lbs.-wt. sheet of the type often used as a foil-carrier grade.
After all of the above work has been done, it is necessary to carry out printing and finishing operations. Such operations can include slitting and line-hole punching of the sheet 12. Printing of the indicia to be hid-den may be carried out during the same pass through the press for line hole punching and in appropriate pre-determined registration with the line holes.
The transfer sheet comprising elements 32 and 30 can also be printed, e.g. with a control number that will relate to (or cross-reference) the hidden indicia. This transfer sheet can also be line-hole punched for registration with sheet 12. It will be obvious to those skilled in the web processing art that other processes for precision registration of two webs can also be utili~ed, e.g. optical sensing apparatus can be used.
The finished ticket is formed b~ the lamination, in register of sheet 12 and sheet 14 transferred from the transfer sheet. ~he transfer sheet itself, in this circumstance, forms no part of the resultant ticket.
~7ro,J~ Oorks ~ 9~
. .
., :
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The lamination, of course, is such that the scratch coat 31i ~nd shield 32 cover the hidden indicia.
It shoul~ be emphasized that it is the common practice to take such constructions as are described in this application and apply a moisture-proof layer of transparent moisture-protective lacquer to either the fin-ished items or to the outer surfaces of the different webs as they are manufactured.
It should be realized -that the drawing is a schematic one illus-trative of a specific scheme. Those skilled in the art will, on reading this disclosure, understand that the d~es need not be printed on a substrate but, in most embodiments, could be as conveniently mixed into one or another of the other layers, e.g. the dyes would function substantially unimpaired, were they incorporated into the blush coating, release coating, base coating or even the pouch material. In general, it is preferred that -they be close to the indicia to be secured.
, , . : : . . .
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Claims (18)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An indicia-bearing article of the type wherein said indicia is not readily detectable except by irreversible alteration of the article, said article comprising:
a) an opaque indicia-bearing sheet, said sheet comprising a polymer-based, thermally-responsive coating which will irreversibly change appearance on exposure to temperatures above 180°F
b) an opaque cover sheet that is adhesively laminated to said indicia-bearing sheet.
a) an opaque indicia-bearing sheet, said sheet comprising a polymer-based, thermally-responsive coating which will irreversibly change appearance on exposure to temperatures above 180°F
b) an opaque cover sheet that is adhesively laminated to said indicia-bearing sheet.
2. An article according to claim 1 wherein said indicia-bearing sheet comprises:
a) a substrate sheet forming a mechanically stable means for manipulat-ing and handling said indicia-bearing sheet; and b) a release coating between said substrate sheet and an indicia-bearing surface of said indicia-bearing sheet to form means to cause preferential delamination of said article along a plane formed by said release coating before any delamination takes place along said indicia-bearing surface.
a) a substrate sheet forming a mechanically stable means for manipulat-ing and handling said indicia-bearing sheet; and b) a release coating between said substrate sheet and an indicia-bearing surface of said indicia-bearing sheet to form means to cause preferential delamination of said article along a plane formed by said release coating before any delamination takes place along said indicia-bearing surface.
3. An article according to claim 1 wherein there is in close proximity to said indicia, provided, upon a substrate therefore, at least one dye coated proximate said polymer-based coating and wherein said dye and said coating are selected that the appearance of said indicia-bearing article will be altered by both aliphatic and aromatic solvents.
4. An article as defined in claim 3 wherein said polymer-based coating is formed of small thermoplastic polymeric particles deposited in intimate contact one with another within said indicia-bearing sheet, below said indicia, and wherein the appearance of said polymer-based coating is substantially changed by subjecting said polymeric particles to temperatures above 150°F.
5. An article as defined in claim 3 comprising, additionally, on a plane between said substrate and said indicia a release coating forming a release interface which will part at a lower peel strength than the interface between said indicia and said cover sheet.
6. An article as defined in claim 3 wherein there is an opaque coating comprising a metallic filler between said substrate and said dye and said polymer-based coatings.
7. An article as defined in claim 4 wherein there is an opaque coating comprising a radiation-blocking filler between said substrate and said dye and said polymer-based coatings.
8. An article as defined in claim 5 wherein there is an opaque coating comprising a radiation-blocking filler between said substrate and said dye and said polymer-based coatings.
9. An article as defined in claim 2 comprising, between said indicia-bearing surface and said release-coating, a dye and polymer-based coating so selected that, in combination, they form means to provide visual evidence of exposure to a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic solvents.
10. An article as defined in claim 2 wherein, between said indicia-bearing surface and said release coating, there is a polymer-based coating which, at temperatures of 150°F or above, will change its physical appearance.
11. An article as defined in claim 10 wherein said polymer-based coating is formed of small thermoplastic particles deposited in intimate contact one with another within said indicia-bearing sheet and below said indicia.
12. An article as defined in claim 9 wherein there is an opaque coating comprising a radiation-blocking filler between said substrate and said dye and said polymer-based coatings.
13. A printing sheet for use in receiving indicia which is to be con-cealed by a subsequent cover sheet, said printing sheet comprising a polymer-based, thermally-responsive coating which will irreversibly change appearance on exposure to temperatures above 180°F.
14. An article as defined in claim 13 including at least one dye-bearing coating proximate said polymer and wherein said dye and said coating are selected that the appearance of said indicia-bearing sheet will be altered by both aliphatic and aromatic solvents.
15. An article as defined in claim 14 wherein said polymer-based coating is formed of small thermoplastic polymeric particles deposited in intimate contact one with another within said indicia-bearing sheet, below said indicia, and wherein the appearance of said polymer-based coating is substantially changed by subjecting said polymeric particles to temperatures above 150°F.
16. An article as defined in claim 14 wherein there is an opaque coat-ing comprising a radiation-blocking filler between said substrate and said dye and said polymer-based coatings.
17. A process for making an article comprising indicia hidden therein said process comprising the steps of (1) printing said indicia on a surface which comprises chemical and thermally-sensitive coatings, said coatings forming means to visually manifest subsequent thermal or chemical tampering with said article, (2) providing a release interface between said coatings and a substrate therefore, with the coatings and the substrate together forming an opaque sheet, (3) covering in predetermined register, said printed indicia with an information-bearing, opaque sheet and sealing said sheet to said printed surface with a bond stronger than any bond at said release interface.
18. An article as defined in claim 1 wherein at least one of said sheets bearing a dye composition; the polymer of said thermally-responsive coating and the dye composition being subject to attach by organic solvents, and said dye composition being so selected that the appearance of said indicia-bearing sheet will be altered by both aliphatic and aromatic solvents.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,724A CA1086797A (en) | 1976-05-12 | 1978-11-02 | Tamper-proof indicia-bearing article |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/685,646 US4120445A (en) | 1976-05-12 | 1976-05-12 | Information-bearing article for conveying information which cannot be surreptitiously detected |
| CA278,188A CA1049460A (en) | 1976-05-12 | 1977-05-11 | Information bearing article for conveying information which cannot be surreptitiously detected |
| CA315,724A CA1086797A (en) | 1976-05-12 | 1978-11-02 | Tamper-proof indicia-bearing article |
| US685,646 | 1984-12-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1086797A true CA1086797A (en) | 1980-09-30 |
Family
ID=27165071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,724A Expired CA1086797A (en) | 1976-05-12 | 1978-11-02 | Tamper-proof indicia-bearing article |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1086797A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-11-02 CA CA315,724A patent/CA1086797A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |