CA1075887A - Composition and method for reducing the surface tension of aqueous fluids - Google Patents
Composition and method for reducing the surface tension of aqueous fluidsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1075887A CA1075887A CA238,678A CA238678A CA1075887A CA 1075887 A CA1075887 A CA 1075887A CA 238678 A CA238678 A CA 238678A CA 1075887 A CA1075887 A CA 1075887A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- aqueous
- percent
- surfactant
- formation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure It is known to treat subterranian formations with aqueous composi-tions. It is desired to reduce the surface tension of such aqueous composi-tions. The present invention provides a novel composition having a reduced surface tension. The present invention provides an aqueous composition suit-able for use in treating subterranean formations comprising A. an aqueous liquid; and dispersed in said aqueous liquid, B. an effective amount of a perfluorinated surfactant of the formula
Description
1~75l~8'Y
The invention resides in an aqueous composition, a method of reducing the surface tension of aqueous liquids and a method for treating subterranean formations to stimu-late the flow of fluids therethrough.
S For various reasons it is often desired to lower the the surface tension of aqueous liquids. For example, by lowering the surface tension of aqueous liquids, solid matter can be more easily wet by the liquid. This property is useful, for example, when treating subterranean for-mations with various aqueous liquids to stimulate the flow of petroleum and/or aqueous fluids therefrom. Thus, it is desirable to, for example, employ acidizing, hydraulic fracturing, and other aqueous treatment liquids having low surface tensions.
~ow surface tension values in combination with the water wetting properties of an aque7ous liquid reduce the capillary forces in the formation being treated. Re-duction of the capillary forces in a reservoir results in a more effective recovery of fluids after the formation has been treated. The present invention concerns the discovery of a composition which, when added to an aqueous liquid, effectively reduces the surface tension thereof and also increases the watex wetting properties of the liquid.
Various quaternized perfluoroalkane-sulfonami--dopolymethylenealkylamine compounds are known to reduce the surface tension of neutral, acidic and basic aqueous solutions even when present in minute amounts (see U.S.
Patent No. 2,759,019). However, these compounds were 17,529-F -1-.. , .. . - . ~
~.. ~, '. , .. . . .
: . .
10~5~
found to become ineffective when the aqueou~ solution in which they were employed came into contact with earthen formations. Thus, the use o~ such compounds in liquids employed to treat, for example, subterranean formations is limited. The present invention concerns the discovery o~
how to effectively ma~e use of the surface active properties of such compound in these types of liquids.
The present invention provides an aqueous composition suitable for use in treating subterranean formations comprising:
A. an aqueous liquid; and dispersed in said aqueous liquid, . an effective amount of a per~luorinated surfactant of the formula _ ._ / C~3 +
C8F17S02NHC3H6-N~ CH3 A
I \ CH3 wherein A is Cl , F , I or Br ;
C. a second surfactant blend comprising about the following percentages by weight, 57 percent polyethylene glycol monostearate; 19.2 percent sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)--sulfosccinate; 3.0 percent di-2-ethylhexyl maleate; 10.0 percent isooctyl alcohol; 4.5 percen~ isopropyl alcohol and 6.2 percent water; and D. a third surfactant selected from the group co~sisting of an adduct of a C10-Cl2 alcohol with five moles of ethylene oxide3 an adduct of trimethyl-l-heptanol with seven moles of ethylene oxide, and mixtures thereof; the total amount of said perfluorinated surfactant and other surfactants being present in said aqueous liquid in an amount ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 percent by weight of said composition.
The present in~ention also resides in a method of stimulating the flow of a fluid from a subterranean formation wherein a portion of the formation is solubilized with an aqueous acid solution the improvement which comprises:
employing the composition defined above wherein said aqueous liquid is an acid in which at least a portion o~ said 17,529-F - 2 -- " ' ': , .
.
.
: . " ', , .
~L~75~387 subterranean forma-tion is soluble.
The present invention further resides in a method of stimulating the flow of fluid from a subterranean formation wherein the Eormation is fractured by introducing an aqueous fracturing fluid through a borehole and into contact with said formation under sufficient pressure to fracture the formation, - the improve~ent which comprises: employing as the fracturing fluid the composition defined above.
The aqueous liquids comprise acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions and can be gelled, contain noninterfering functional additives such as corrosion inhibitors, freeze point depressants, weighting agents, proppants, alcohols, and the like.
The combination of the perfluorinated surfactant and the other surfactants are employed in a combined amount ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 percent by weight of the aqueous liquid. The exact amount will depend on the particular aqueous liquid they are dispersed in. For example, in conc~ntrat~d acid solutiions, such a~ ~Cl and HF, th~ co~binati~n ~f materials are employed in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 percent by weight of the aqueous acid solution. In brines, the combination of compounds is employed in an amount ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 percent - by weight of the brine.
The aqueous liquids containing the combination of surfactants can be employed in many uses wherein low surface tension properties are desired, e.g., matrix acidizing, water-base fracturing, fracture-acidizing and emulsified acids employed in acidizing-fracturing techniquesO
Such liquids are particularly useful for treating subter-ranean formations to perfect or make more efficient the recovery - ;
.
r~
: .. 1 ~! !
17,529-F ~ 3 -,~ ! ., . ~
' ~' ', ~ ~'' ' , ', ' . ' . '` ,' ' ~
:','' .. ~ '' "' ' " ' ~ , '',', ~ : ~, ' ' i ' ,' ' , .
1075~387 of fluids, e.g., petroleum fluids (oil and gas), water, other gases etc., therefrom.
The efficiency of an acidizing solution is greatly increased by incorporating therein the perfluorinated surfactant B, and the other identified water wetting surfactants C and D. For example, in acidizing with HCl solutions, the surface tension of the resulting solution can be drastically reduced by employing therein from about 0.1 to about 0.2 per cent by weight of the combination of surfactants previously iden-tified. The acidizing solution is then used in standard acidizing pro-cedures, i.e. it can be used in standard matrix acidizing process, in acidizing-fracturing processes and the like. It has been found that . such acidizing solutions penetrate the formation more easily, thereby effecting a greater stimulation of the production of fluids. Also, such solutions are more easily removed from the formation following the acidlzing treatment.
It has been also discovered that the aqueous solution is quite effective for acidizing gas producing formations. The use of aqueous liquids to treat gas producing formations has produced par-: .
ticular difficulties because aqueous liquids tend to block the intri-cacies of the formation to the flow of gases. Thus, in many instances, such solutions have hindered instead of stimulated the flow of gas from the formation. When fracturing a gas producing formation, it has been the practice to employ nonaqueous fracturing fluids such as o ls, C02-methanol ~75~
mixtures and the like. However~ because aqueous liquids can be considerably less expensive and also are generally more available than other such fluids, it is desired to use aqueous liquids if possible. The present discovery now permits such use4 The individual surfactants can be blended directly into an aqueous treatment liquid or they can be premixed and easily blended into a treatment liquid employ-ing standard equipment employed in fracturing and acidizing - treatments. The premix may also contain water, mono and/or polyhydric alcohols, and other functional additive.
One such preblend comprises a mixture containing, as pàrts by weight, 2397 parts H20; 2397 parts isopropyl alcohol; 2397 parts of the second surfactant (C) identified above and 40 parts of the above identified perfluorinated surfactant wherein A is iodide.
Another ~lend which can be prepar~d and em~loy~
-~n t~e practice of the present invention comprises as parts by weight, 2502 parts H20; 1965 parts isopropyl alcohol;
2655 parts of the second surfactant (C); 835 parts of the third surfactants (D) and 40 parts of the above identified perfluorinated compound wherein A is iodide.
- The above defined blends are employed in an amount ranging from 2 to 4 gallons per 1000 gallons of an acid, e.g.
hydrochloric acid (3 to 28 per cent strength), hydrochloric--hydrofluoric acid mixtures, aqueous fracturing fluids and other other aqueous fluids to lower the 17,529-F - 5 -.... . .. . .
.. . .
~ ' , . . .
:'~
.' .
~0758~3~
surface tension thereof. Higher concentrations are recommended for matrix acidizing treatments while lower concentrations can be employed in fracturing treatments.
As indicated the aqueous liquids in which the combination of surfactants can be successfully employed can contain other functional additi~res such as thickening and gelling agents, weighing agents, corrosion inhibitors and the like. The compatibility of the combination of surfactants with other functional additives should be ascer-tained prior to preparing large quantities of such aqueous liquids.
A preblend was prepared containing, as parts by weight, 2502 H2O; 1965 isopropyl alcohol; 2655 parts of a mixture containing as per cent by weight, 17~1 per cent polyethylene glycol monostearate, 6.7 per cent sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfonosuccinate, 3.1 per cent isooctyl alcohol, 31.4 per cent water and 10 per cent of an adduct of a C10-Cl2 alcohol with five moles of ethylene oxide; 836 parts of an adduct of trimethyl-l-heptanol plu5 seven moles o ethylene oxide, and 40 parts of ~he iodide salt of the previously defined perfluorinated compound. Aqueous mixturas were prepared containing an equivalent of 2 gallons of the pre~lend with 1000 gallons of various liquids.
; The surface tension of the mixtures we~e determined employ-ing a DuNouy Tensiometer ~he liquids employed, their oriqinal surface tension, and the resulting surface tension are set forth in the following Table.
17,529-F -6-~75~
~U
~` . ~ ~
W ~ ., ,~ ~ ~ U .,, ~ ~ ~, ,, 0 U~ ~ U~ W 3 O N N N N N ~I N N N r~
~: ~rl ~¢ O O
14 ~: . u~ N
a~ ~ o ~
E~ ~ . ~ U h d) ~ l O
U O ~ 3 h ~1 ~ u ~
a) ~ ~ ~ u ~1 U co . ~ O
~ o z e~
a) E3 ~ a~ ~ u C~ U
;~ ~
o 3 ~ U :.
~: cn ~ ~1 3 ~ ~:: U ~ o ::
~ ~U~ O ~ ~ ~I O
I . . ~ ~ U
1~ ~: ~ ~1 0 o ,1 u~ N ~ ~rl Q U~ ~ Ql O t`~
~1~I ~l ~ ~ o u '':C ~ ~q 1: ~ ~rl -Et,~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ O U~ d N
O E~ a) ~
~ s~ o `~ ~ ~ Ln ~ '4 5 ~ ~ . , .
~ U ~ ~1 0 *_I ~ O bq a p op~ O O' I ~ tn O O ~ ~ ~ `' $ * Id ~ O r~
~ ,~ $ ~ ~~ a) u ~ c~ O
.~ . ~ ~ 3 3 ,.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o a~
~ ~ ~ U ~ rl-r~
,, ~ UO S~
. . O ~ ~ ~n O
,: ~ Z ~ ~
. ,~ O
.' u~ E~ ~ ~ *
O *
,.~ ', , .:
~17, 529 F -7-... .
.. ::: . .
The invention resides in an aqueous composition, a method of reducing the surface tension of aqueous liquids and a method for treating subterranean formations to stimu-late the flow of fluids therethrough.
S For various reasons it is often desired to lower the the surface tension of aqueous liquids. For example, by lowering the surface tension of aqueous liquids, solid matter can be more easily wet by the liquid. This property is useful, for example, when treating subterranean for-mations with various aqueous liquids to stimulate the flow of petroleum and/or aqueous fluids therefrom. Thus, it is desirable to, for example, employ acidizing, hydraulic fracturing, and other aqueous treatment liquids having low surface tensions.
~ow surface tension values in combination with the water wetting properties of an aque7ous liquid reduce the capillary forces in the formation being treated. Re-duction of the capillary forces in a reservoir results in a more effective recovery of fluids after the formation has been treated. The present invention concerns the discovery of a composition which, when added to an aqueous liquid, effectively reduces the surface tension thereof and also increases the watex wetting properties of the liquid.
Various quaternized perfluoroalkane-sulfonami--dopolymethylenealkylamine compounds are known to reduce the surface tension of neutral, acidic and basic aqueous solutions even when present in minute amounts (see U.S.
Patent No. 2,759,019). However, these compounds were 17,529-F -1-.. , .. . - . ~
~.. ~, '. , .. . . .
: . .
10~5~
found to become ineffective when the aqueou~ solution in which they were employed came into contact with earthen formations. Thus, the use o~ such compounds in liquids employed to treat, for example, subterranean formations is limited. The present invention concerns the discovery o~
how to effectively ma~e use of the surface active properties of such compound in these types of liquids.
The present invention provides an aqueous composition suitable for use in treating subterranean formations comprising:
A. an aqueous liquid; and dispersed in said aqueous liquid, . an effective amount of a per~luorinated surfactant of the formula _ ._ / C~3 +
C8F17S02NHC3H6-N~ CH3 A
I \ CH3 wherein A is Cl , F , I or Br ;
C. a second surfactant blend comprising about the following percentages by weight, 57 percent polyethylene glycol monostearate; 19.2 percent sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)--sulfosccinate; 3.0 percent di-2-ethylhexyl maleate; 10.0 percent isooctyl alcohol; 4.5 percen~ isopropyl alcohol and 6.2 percent water; and D. a third surfactant selected from the group co~sisting of an adduct of a C10-Cl2 alcohol with five moles of ethylene oxide3 an adduct of trimethyl-l-heptanol with seven moles of ethylene oxide, and mixtures thereof; the total amount of said perfluorinated surfactant and other surfactants being present in said aqueous liquid in an amount ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 percent by weight of said composition.
The present in~ention also resides in a method of stimulating the flow of a fluid from a subterranean formation wherein a portion of the formation is solubilized with an aqueous acid solution the improvement which comprises:
employing the composition defined above wherein said aqueous liquid is an acid in which at least a portion o~ said 17,529-F - 2 -- " ' ': , .
.
.
: . " ', , .
~L~75~387 subterranean forma-tion is soluble.
The present invention further resides in a method of stimulating the flow of fluid from a subterranean formation wherein the Eormation is fractured by introducing an aqueous fracturing fluid through a borehole and into contact with said formation under sufficient pressure to fracture the formation, - the improve~ent which comprises: employing as the fracturing fluid the composition defined above.
The aqueous liquids comprise acidic, neutral and alkaline solutions and can be gelled, contain noninterfering functional additives such as corrosion inhibitors, freeze point depressants, weighting agents, proppants, alcohols, and the like.
The combination of the perfluorinated surfactant and the other surfactants are employed in a combined amount ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 percent by weight of the aqueous liquid. The exact amount will depend on the particular aqueous liquid they are dispersed in. For example, in conc~ntrat~d acid solutiions, such a~ ~Cl and HF, th~ co~binati~n ~f materials are employed in an amount ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 percent by weight of the aqueous acid solution. In brines, the combination of compounds is employed in an amount ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 percent - by weight of the brine.
The aqueous liquids containing the combination of surfactants can be employed in many uses wherein low surface tension properties are desired, e.g., matrix acidizing, water-base fracturing, fracture-acidizing and emulsified acids employed in acidizing-fracturing techniquesO
Such liquids are particularly useful for treating subter-ranean formations to perfect or make more efficient the recovery - ;
.
r~
: .. 1 ~! !
17,529-F ~ 3 -,~ ! ., . ~
' ~' ', ~ ~'' ' , ', ' . ' . '` ,' ' ~
:','' .. ~ '' "' ' " ' ~ , '',', ~ : ~, ' ' i ' ,' ' , .
1075~387 of fluids, e.g., petroleum fluids (oil and gas), water, other gases etc., therefrom.
The efficiency of an acidizing solution is greatly increased by incorporating therein the perfluorinated surfactant B, and the other identified water wetting surfactants C and D. For example, in acidizing with HCl solutions, the surface tension of the resulting solution can be drastically reduced by employing therein from about 0.1 to about 0.2 per cent by weight of the combination of surfactants previously iden-tified. The acidizing solution is then used in standard acidizing pro-cedures, i.e. it can be used in standard matrix acidizing process, in acidizing-fracturing processes and the like. It has been found that . such acidizing solutions penetrate the formation more easily, thereby effecting a greater stimulation of the production of fluids. Also, such solutions are more easily removed from the formation following the acidlzing treatment.
It has been also discovered that the aqueous solution is quite effective for acidizing gas producing formations. The use of aqueous liquids to treat gas producing formations has produced par-: .
ticular difficulties because aqueous liquids tend to block the intri-cacies of the formation to the flow of gases. Thus, in many instances, such solutions have hindered instead of stimulated the flow of gas from the formation. When fracturing a gas producing formation, it has been the practice to employ nonaqueous fracturing fluids such as o ls, C02-methanol ~75~
mixtures and the like. However~ because aqueous liquids can be considerably less expensive and also are generally more available than other such fluids, it is desired to use aqueous liquids if possible. The present discovery now permits such use4 The individual surfactants can be blended directly into an aqueous treatment liquid or they can be premixed and easily blended into a treatment liquid employ-ing standard equipment employed in fracturing and acidizing - treatments. The premix may also contain water, mono and/or polyhydric alcohols, and other functional additive.
One such preblend comprises a mixture containing, as pàrts by weight, 2397 parts H20; 2397 parts isopropyl alcohol; 2397 parts of the second surfactant (C) identified above and 40 parts of the above identified perfluorinated surfactant wherein A is iodide.
Another ~lend which can be prepar~d and em~loy~
-~n t~e practice of the present invention comprises as parts by weight, 2502 parts H20; 1965 parts isopropyl alcohol;
2655 parts of the second surfactant (C); 835 parts of the third surfactants (D) and 40 parts of the above identified perfluorinated compound wherein A is iodide.
- The above defined blends are employed in an amount ranging from 2 to 4 gallons per 1000 gallons of an acid, e.g.
hydrochloric acid (3 to 28 per cent strength), hydrochloric--hydrofluoric acid mixtures, aqueous fracturing fluids and other other aqueous fluids to lower the 17,529-F - 5 -.... . .. . .
.. . .
~ ' , . . .
:'~
.' .
~0758~3~
surface tension thereof. Higher concentrations are recommended for matrix acidizing treatments while lower concentrations can be employed in fracturing treatments.
As indicated the aqueous liquids in which the combination of surfactants can be successfully employed can contain other functional additi~res such as thickening and gelling agents, weighing agents, corrosion inhibitors and the like. The compatibility of the combination of surfactants with other functional additives should be ascer-tained prior to preparing large quantities of such aqueous liquids.
A preblend was prepared containing, as parts by weight, 2502 H2O; 1965 isopropyl alcohol; 2655 parts of a mixture containing as per cent by weight, 17~1 per cent polyethylene glycol monostearate, 6.7 per cent sodium di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfonosuccinate, 3.1 per cent isooctyl alcohol, 31.4 per cent water and 10 per cent of an adduct of a C10-Cl2 alcohol with five moles of ethylene oxide; 836 parts of an adduct of trimethyl-l-heptanol plu5 seven moles o ethylene oxide, and 40 parts of ~he iodide salt of the previously defined perfluorinated compound. Aqueous mixturas were prepared containing an equivalent of 2 gallons of the pre~lend with 1000 gallons of various liquids.
; The surface tension of the mixtures we~e determined employ-ing a DuNouy Tensiometer ~he liquids employed, their oriqinal surface tension, and the resulting surface tension are set forth in the following Table.
17,529-F -6-~75~
~U
~` . ~ ~
W ~ ., ,~ ~ ~ U .,, ~ ~ ~, ,, 0 U~ ~ U~ W 3 O N N N N N ~I N N N r~
~: ~rl ~¢ O O
14 ~: . u~ N
a~ ~ o ~
E~ ~ . ~ U h d) ~ l O
U O ~ 3 h ~1 ~ u ~
a) ~ ~ ~ u ~1 U co . ~ O
~ o z e~
a) E3 ~ a~ ~ u C~ U
;~ ~
o 3 ~ U :.
~: cn ~ ~1 3 ~ ~:: U ~ o ::
~ ~U~ O ~ ~ ~I O
I . . ~ ~ U
1~ ~: ~ ~1 0 o ,1 u~ N ~ ~rl Q U~ ~ Ql O t`~
~1~I ~l ~ ~ o u '':C ~ ~q 1: ~ ~rl -Et,~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ O U~ d N
O E~ a) ~
~ s~ o `~ ~ ~ Ln ~ '4 5 ~ ~ . , .
~ U ~ ~1 0 *_I ~ O bq a p op~ O O' I ~ tn O O ~ ~ ~ `' $ * Id ~ O r~
~ ,~ $ ~ ~~ a) u ~ c~ O
.~ . ~ ~ 3 3 ,.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o a~
~ ~ ~ U ~ rl-r~
,, ~ UO S~
. . O ~ ~ ~n O
,: ~ Z ~ ~
. ,~ O
.' u~ E~ ~ ~ *
O *
,.~ ', , .:
~17, 529 F -7-... .
.. ::: . .
Claims (14)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An aqueous composition suitable for use in treating subterranean formations comprising:
A. an aqueous liquid; and dispersed in said aqueous liquid, B. an effective amount of a perfluorinated surfactant of the formula wherein ? is ? , ? , ? or ? ;
C. a second surfactant blend comprising about the following per-centages by weight, 57 percent polyethylene glycol monostearate; 19.2 per-cent sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; 3.0 percent di-2-ethylhexyl maleate; 10.1 percent isooctyl alcohol; 4.5 percent isopropyl alcohol and 6.2 percent water; and D. a third surfactant selected from the group consisting of an adduct of C10-C12 alcohol with five moles of ethylene oxide, an adduct of trimethyl-l-heptanol with seven moles of ethylene oxide, and mixtures there-of; the total amount of said perfluorinated compound and other surfactants being present in said aqueous liquid in an amount ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 percent by weight of said composition.
A. an aqueous liquid; and dispersed in said aqueous liquid, B. an effective amount of a perfluorinated surfactant of the formula wherein ? is ? , ? , ? or ? ;
C. a second surfactant blend comprising about the following per-centages by weight, 57 percent polyethylene glycol monostearate; 19.2 per-cent sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate; 3.0 percent di-2-ethylhexyl maleate; 10.1 percent isooctyl alcohol; 4.5 percent isopropyl alcohol and 6.2 percent water; and D. a third surfactant selected from the group consisting of an adduct of C10-C12 alcohol with five moles of ethylene oxide, an adduct of trimethyl-l-heptanol with seven moles of ethylene oxide, and mixtures there-of; the total amount of said perfluorinated compound and other surfactants being present in said aqueous liquid in an amount ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 percent by weight of said composition.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the composition is gelled.
3. The composition of claim 1 having a perfluorinated surfactant;
other surfactants weight ratio of about 1:87.
other surfactants weight ratio of about 1:87.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the third surfactant is an adduct of C10-C12 alcohol with five moles of ethyene oxide.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the third surfactant is an adduct of trimethyl-l-heptanol with seven moles of ethylene oxide.
6. The composition of claim 1 including in addition an alcohol in an amount greater than present in said second surfactant blend.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the aqueous liquid is acidic.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the acidic aqueous solution is an aqueous solution of HCl.
9. In the method of stimulating the flow of a fluid from a subterranean formation wherein a portion of the formation is solubilized with an aqueous acid solution the improvement which comprises: employing the composition defined in claim 1 wherein said aqueous liquid is an acid in which at least a portion of said subterranean formation is soluble.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the formation is also fractured.
11. In the method of stimulating the flow of fluid from a subterranean formation wherein the formation is fractured by introducing an aqueous fracturing fluid through a borehole and into contact with said formation under sufficient pressure to fracture the formation, the improvement which comprises:
employing as the fracturing fluid the composition of claim 1.
employing as the fracturing fluid the composition of claim 1.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the flow of fluid to be stimulated is petroleum gas.
13. The method of claim 11 wherein the aqueous liquid of claim 1 is an acid solution in which at least a portion of the formation is soluble.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the aqueous liquid is aqueous HCl.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US52757674A | 1974-11-27 | 1974-11-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1075887A true CA1075887A (en) | 1980-04-22 |
Family
ID=24102026
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA238,678A Expired CA1075887A (en) | 1974-11-27 | 1975-10-30 | Composition and method for reducing the surface tension of aqueous fluids |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1075887A (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-10-30 CA CA238,678A patent/CA1075887A/en not_active Expired
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |