CA1030703A - Totally implantable artificial replacement heart - Google Patents

Totally implantable artificial replacement heart

Info

Publication number
CA1030703A
CA1030703A CA194,121A CA194121A CA1030703A CA 1030703 A CA1030703 A CA 1030703A CA 194121 A CA194121 A CA 194121A CA 1030703 A CA1030703 A CA 1030703A
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
replacement heart
implantable artificial
artificial replacement
totally implantable
totally
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CA194,121A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Lowell T. Harmison
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
US Department of Health and Human Services
Original Assignee
US Department of Health and Human Services
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Department of Health and Human Services filed Critical US Department of Health and Human Services
Priority to CA283,040A priority Critical patent/CA1033905A/en
Priority to CA283,041A priority patent/CA1033906A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA1030703A publication Critical patent/CA1030703A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/196—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body replacing the entire heart, e.g. total artificial hearts [TAH]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20—Type thereof
    • A61M60/247—Positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/253—Positive displacement blood pumps including a displacement member directly acting on the blood
    • A61M60/268—Positive displacement blood pumps including a displacement member directly acting on the blood the displacement member being flexible, e.g. membranes, diaphragms or bladders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/424—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40—Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/424—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/438—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical
    • A61M60/441—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical generated by an electromotor
    • A61M60/443—Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical generated by an electromotor with means converting the rotation into a translational movement of the displacement member
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/50—Details relating to control
    • A61M60/508—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation
    • A61M60/515—Regulation using real-time patient data
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/50—Details relating to control
    • A61M60/508—Electronic control means, e.g. for feedback regulation
    • A61M60/538—Regulation using real-time blood pump operational parameter data, e.g. motor current
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/857—Implantable blood tubes
    • A61M60/859—Connections therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/871—Energy supply devices; Converters therefor
    • A61M60/873—Energy supply devices; Converters therefor specially adapted for wireless or transcutaneous energy transfer [TET], e.g. inductive charging
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/871—Energy supply devices; Converters therefor
    • A61M60/876—Implantable batteries
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/89—Valves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80—Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855—Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/89—Valves
    • A61M60/894—Passive valves, i.e. valves actuated by the blood
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/33—Controlling, regulating or measuring
    • A61M2205/3331—Pressure; Flow
    • A61M2205/3334—Measuring or controlling the flow rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/82—Internal energy supply devices
    • A61M2205/8237—Charging means
    • A61M2205/8243—Charging means by induction
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00—Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10—Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148—Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2280/00—Output delivery
    • F02G2280/005—Medical applications, e.g. for prosthesis or artificial hearts

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
CA194,121A 1973-03-06 1974-03-05 Totally implantable artificial replacement heart Expired CA1030703A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA283,040A CA1033905A (en) 1973-03-06 1977-07-19 Totally implantable artificial replacement heart
CA283,041A CA1033906A (en) 1973-03-06 1977-07-19 Totally implantable artificial replacement heart

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US338611A US3919722A (en) 1973-03-06 1973-03-06 Totally implantable artificial replacement heart
SE7403309A SE401610B (en) 1973-03-06 1974-03-12 TOTAL IMPLANT ARTIFICIAL REPLACEMENT HEART

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA1030703A true CA1030703A (en) 1978-05-09

Family

ID=26656458

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA194,121A Expired CA1030703A (en) 1973-03-06 1974-03-05 Totally implantable artificial replacement heart

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3919722A (en)
AU (1) AU482500B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1030703A (en)
DE (1) DE2449320A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2278349A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1468885A (en)
SE (1) SE401610B (en)

Families Citing this family (67)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2557475A1 (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-06-23 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm PUMP FOR AN ARTIFICIAL HEART
US4222127A (en) * 1978-06-02 1980-09-16 Donachy And Pierce Blood pump and method of pumping blood
US4231354A (en) * 1978-07-14 1980-11-04 Howmedica, Incorporated Pulsatile blood pumping apparatus and method
FR2470593A2 (en) * 1979-01-22 1981-06-12 Lapeyre Didier NEW TOTAL HEART PROSTHESIS
FR2446631A1 (en) * 1979-01-22 1980-08-14 Lapeyre Didier Total implantable prosthetic heart - has two elastic membranes defining left and right ventricles and driven by pneumatic motor
FR2455687B1 (en) * 1979-05-03 1986-07-18 Bermes Robert ROTARY PUMP, ESPECIALLY FOR FORMING ARTIFICIAL HEART
FR2458288A1 (en) * 1979-06-11 1981-01-02 Belenger Jacques Cardiac pump with pulsed action - has microprocessor controlled stepping motor acting via screw mechanism on pump diaphragm
EP0079373B1 (en) * 1981-05-19 1986-12-30 Thoratec Laboratories Corporation Hydraulically actuated cardiac prosthesis
US4369530A (en) * 1981-05-19 1983-01-25 Foxcroft Associates Hydraulically actuated cardiac prosthesis and method of actuation
US4376312A (en) * 1981-05-19 1983-03-15 Foxcroft Associates Hydraulically actuated cardiac prosthesis
US4838889A (en) * 1981-09-01 1989-06-13 University Of Utah Research Foundation Ventricular assist device and method of manufacture
US4427470A (en) 1981-09-01 1984-01-24 University Of Utah Vacuum molding technique for manufacturing a ventricular assist device
US4397049A (en) * 1981-09-15 1983-08-09 Foxcroft Associates Hydraulically actuated cardiac prosthesis with three-way ventricular valving
US4381567A (en) * 1981-09-15 1983-05-03 Foxcroft Associates Hydraulically actuated total cardiac prosthesis with reversible pump and three-way ventricular valving
US4389737A (en) * 1981-09-15 1983-06-28 Foxcroft Associates Hydraulically actuated cardiac prosthesis with three-way ventricular valving
DE3136969C2 (en) * 1981-09-17 1985-02-21 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., 5000 Köln Electromechanical artificial heart
US4473423A (en) * 1982-05-03 1984-09-25 University Of Utah Artificial heart valve made by vacuum forming technique
DE3342534C2 (en) * 1982-11-22 1986-03-20 Helmut Ludwig 1000 Berlin Steiner Electromechanical blood pump drive
WO1984002164A1 (en) * 1982-12-03 1984-06-07 Novacor Medical Corp Pump actuator
FR2554350B1 (en) * 1983-11-09 1986-02-21 Aerospatiale SYSTEM FOR QUICK CONNECTION BETWEEN A BLOOD VESSEL AND A HEART PROSTHESIS
SE455164B (en) * 1985-12-05 1988-06-27 Data Promeditech Inc Ab PUMP FOR BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
SE454942B (en) * 1986-05-22 1988-06-13 Astra Tech Ab HEART HELP DEVICE FOR INOPERATION IN BROSTHALAN
US4786240A (en) * 1987-02-06 1988-11-22 Applied Biotechnologies, Inc. Pumping apparatus with an electromagnet affixed to the septum
US5024224A (en) * 1988-09-01 1991-06-18 Storz Instrument Company Method of readout of implanted hearing aid device and apparatus therefor
US4988333A (en) * 1988-09-09 1991-01-29 Storz Instrument Company Implantable middle ear hearing aid system and acoustic coupler therefor
US5085628A (en) * 1988-09-09 1992-02-04 Storz Instrument Company Implantable hearing aid coupler device
US5011380A (en) * 1989-01-23 1991-04-30 University Of South Florida Magnetically actuated positive displacement pump
ES2049546T3 (en) * 1990-02-09 1994-04-16 Teracor PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR FLOW REGULATION OF A PERIODIC FLOW CARDIAC PROSTHESIS.
FR2658079B1 (en) * 1990-02-09 1992-06-12 Teracor METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REGULATING A PERIODIC FLOW HEART PROSTHESIS BY MONITORING THE ACTUATOR CURRENT.
US5300908A (en) * 1990-10-10 1994-04-05 Brady Usa, Inc. High speed solenoid
US5344385A (en) * 1991-09-30 1994-09-06 Thoratec Laboratories Corporation Step-down skeletal muscle energy conversion system
US5676651A (en) * 1992-08-06 1997-10-14 Electric Boat Corporation Surgically implantable pump arrangement and method for pumping body fluids
AU7607494A (en) * 1993-09-10 1995-03-27 Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation Electrohydraulic ventricular assist device
US6319231B1 (en) 1999-02-12 2001-11-20 Abiomed, Inc. Medical connector
US6949079B1 (en) 1999-09-03 2005-09-27 Baxter International Inc. Programmable, fluid pressure actuated blood processing systems and methods
US6723062B1 (en) 1999-09-03 2004-04-20 Baxter International Inc. Fluid pressure actuated blood pumping systems and methods with continuous inflow and pulsatile outflow conditions
US20060178612A9 (en) * 1999-09-03 2006-08-10 Baxter International Inc. Blood processing systems with fluid flow cassette with a pressure actuated pump chamber and in-line air trap
US6261065B1 (en) 1999-09-03 2001-07-17 Baxter International Inc. System and methods for control of pumps employing electrical field sensing
US6296450B1 (en) * 1999-09-03 2001-10-02 Baxter International Inc. Systems and methods for control of pumps employing gravimetric sensing
US6540658B1 (en) 2000-05-30 2003-04-01 Abiomed, Inc. Left-right flow control algorithm in a two chamber cardiac prosthesis
US6527698B1 (en) 2000-05-30 2003-03-04 Abiomed, Inc. Active left-right flow control in a two chamber cardiac prosthesis
WO2003037212A2 (en) 2001-10-30 2003-05-08 Lesinski George S Implantation method for a hearing aid microactuator implanted into the cochlea
TW553500U (en) * 2002-04-24 2003-09-11 Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Tech Liquid cooling type fuel battery device
GB2400561A (en) * 2003-04-14 2004-10-20 Martin Lister Perpetual pumping heart
AU2003904032A0 (en) * 2003-08-04 2003-08-14 Ventracor Limited Improved Transcutaneous Power and Data Transceiver System
USRE47368E1 (en) 2003-12-30 2019-04-30 Greenberg Surgical Technologies, Llc Modular template for drilling holes and method of making same
US7905853B2 (en) 2007-10-30 2011-03-15 Baxter International Inc. Dialysis system having integrated pneumatic manifold
US8376927B2 (en) 2008-03-28 2013-02-19 Vitalmex Internacional S.A. De S.V. Fluid pumping ventricular assist device and components with static seal
US8349174B2 (en) 2008-07-23 2013-01-08 Baxter International Inc. Portable power dialysis machine
US8876686B2 (en) * 2011-02-18 2014-11-04 Vascor, Inc Control of blood flow assist systems
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JP7319266B2 (en) 2017-11-13 2023-08-01 シファメド・ホールディングス・エルエルシー Intravascular fluid transfer devices, systems and methods of use
CN117959583A (en) 2018-02-01 2024-05-03 施菲姆德控股有限责任公司 Intravascular blood pump and methods of use and manufacture
EP3996797A4 (en) 2019-07-12 2023-08-02 Shifamed Holdings, LLC Intravascular blood pumps and methods of manufacture and use
WO2021016372A1 (en) 2019-07-22 2021-01-28 Shifamed Holdings, Llc Intravascular blood pumps with struts and methods of use and manufacture
US11724089B2 (en) 2019-09-25 2023-08-15 Shifamed Holdings, Llc Intravascular blood pump systems and methods of use and control thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3668708A (en) * 1969-12-23 1972-06-13 North American Rockwell Artificial heart
US3771173A (en) * 1971-06-09 1973-11-13 Fair J Artificial heart
US3783453A (en) * 1971-12-23 1974-01-08 V Bolie Self-regulating artificial heart

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU482500B2 (en) 1975-09-25
GB1468885A (en) 1977-03-30
DE2449320A1 (en) 1976-04-29
FR2278349A1 (en) 1976-02-13
SE401610B (en) 1978-05-22
SE7403309L (en) 1975-10-09
AU6694374A (en) 1975-09-25
US3919722A (en) 1975-11-18

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